ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 1

Physics # 05 SOLUTIONS
* MAGNETIC EFFECT OF CURRENT AND MAGNETISM

* ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION (EMI)

* ALTERNATING CURRENT

* ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES (EMW)

Solutions Magnetic Effect of Current & Magnetism

BEGINNER'S BOX-1 F I
2m 0I 1 + 2 m 0I
5. Magnetic field at point 'P' due to wire (1) & (2) is =
4p r GH 2
JK = e
4p r
j
1+ 2 Ä
zero because point P lies on the axis of these wires.
Magnetic field at point P due to wire (3) is given Magnetic field due to wire (2) :-
by :-
m 0I
Bp =
m 0I
4 pd
(sin q1 + sin q 2 ) B2 =
4p r
e
1+ 2 Ä , j
3a (because point P is symmetrical about both the
d= wires)
2
and q1 = q2 = 30° Net magnetic field at point 'P' due to both wires
m 0I m 0I
B P= (sin 30° + sin 30° ) =
F
4p G
3a I 2 3p a Bp = B1 + B2 = 2 . m 0 I 1 + 2e j
2 JK
4p r
H
m 0I
6. Magnetic field due to wire (1) =
2p r
e
1+ 2 Ä j
m0 5 bg
B1 =
2p 7.5b gÄ 8. Magnetic field due to wire (1) and (2) is zero because
origin lies on the extended axis of these wires
Magnetic field due to wire (2)

B2 =
b gÄ
m 0 2.5
2pb2.5g
Net magnetic field at point 'P' due to both wires
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m0 5 bg
m 0 2.5 b g
Bp = B1 + B2 = 2p 7.5 + 2p 2.5
b g b g
m F2 I 5m 0 Magnetic field due to wire (3) :-
=
0
G + 1J
2p H 3 K
=
6p
Ä
m 0I m 0I
7. Magnetic field due to wire (1) :- B3 =
4 pd
bsin 0° + sin 90° =
4
g
pd
m 0I Magnetic field due to wire (4)
B1 = (sin 45° + sin 90° )
4p
FG r IJ
H 2K r/Ö2 90° P
B4 =
m 0I
4 pd
b m I
sin 0° + sin 90° = 0
4 pd
g
2m I F 1
G + 1IJK
45° 90° Net magnetic field at point ‘O’ due to wire (3) and (4)
0 (2) r 45° r/
4p r H 2
= Ö2
45° m I m I
m 0I
(1) B0 = B3 + B4 = + 0 = 0
4 pd 4 pd 2pd
2 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
9. Magnetic field due to wire (1) & (2) is zero, because 12. B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = B (say)
point P lies on the axis of these wires
Resultant magnetic field

BR = (2B)2 + (2B)2

= 8B 2

=2 2B
OR
Magnetic field due to wire (3)
2B
2 2B
m 0I
B3 =
4 pa
bsin 0° + sin 45° =g m 0I
4 2pa
2B
Magnetic field due to wire (4)

m 0I
B4 =
4 pa
bsin 0° + sin 45° =g m 0I
4 2pa 13.(a)

Net magnetic field due to wire (3) and (4) :-

Suppose magnetic field at the distance x from
m 0I m 0I 'B' is zero so at that point magnetic field due to wires
Bp = B3 + B4 = 2 . =
4 2p a 2 2p a A and B will be equal in magnitude.

BA = BB
10. Magnetic field at mid point :-

B = (B2 - B1 ) e m 0 (5I) m (2I)

= 0
2p(6 - x ) 2p x
æ m (2i) m 0 i ö
\B = ç 0 - e
è 2pd 2pd ÷ø
5 1 12
= ; x= cm
m i 2(6 - x ) x 7
= 0 e = B e .........(1)
2pd
After switching off 2i current, magnetic field remain
due to wire (1) only :- (b) Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

m 0i
B1 = = BÄ [from (1)]
2pd When current is in opposite direction the
11. Direction of magnetic fields at point A and C is magnetic field will not be zero between wires A
opposite but having same magnitude so magnetic and B. Suppose it is zero at point 'P' then
field at these points is zero.
BA = BB

m 0 (5I) m (2I)
= 0
2p(6 + x ) 2p x

5 1
= ; x = 4 cm
2(6 + x) x
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 3
a/2 B4 = B1 + B2 + B3 + B4 = 4B
14. (a) tan60°=
d
F 2 m 0I I
2 2 m 0I
a a
\ B4=4B=4 GH 2pa = pa
JK
d= =
2 tan 60° 2 3
OR
(Q B1 = B2 = B3 = B = magnetic field at ‘O’ due Use polygon result, put n = 4
to each side)
a/2
m 0I (c) tan30°=
d
B= (sinq1 + sinq2)
4 pd
a 3a
d= =
m 0I 2 tan 30° 2
B= (sin60° + sin60°)
4p(a / 2 3 ) ( Q B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = B5 = B6 = B = magnetic
field at O due to each side)

m 0I 3 F 3 + 3I
=
2p a
GH 2 2 JK B=
F
m 0I
I (sin 30° + sin 30°)
3a
4 pG JK
3m 0I
H 2

=
2pa
m 0I FG 1 + 1IJ = m I 0
2 3 p a H 2 2K
B3 = B1 + B2 + B3 = 3B B=
2 3pa
FG 3m I IJ = 9m I
0 0 B6 = B1 + B2 + B3 + B4 + B5 + B6 = 6B
\ B3 = 3B = 3 H 2pa K 2pa
F mI I 3 m 0I
OR
B6 = 6 GH 2 3 pa JK
0
=
pa
æ m Iö æ pö æ pö
B n = n ç 0 ÷ tan ç ÷ sin ç ÷
è paø è nø è nø OR
Use polygon result, put n = 6
n=3
BEGINNER'S BOX-2
3m I æ pö æ pö
B = 0 tan ç ÷ sin ç ÷ 1. Current and number of turns are equal for both
pa è 3ø è 3ø
coils, so

9 m0 I 1 B R r/2 1
= e B0 µ Þ 1= 2 = =
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2 pa R B 2 R1 r 2

a/2 2. Magnetic field at centre of coil (N=1)

(b) tan45°=
d
m 0I
a Bo = ....... (1)
d= 2R
2 tan 45°
a l
= From l = 2pR put R = in equation (1)
2 2p
( B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = B = magnetic field at ‘O’ due
to each side) m 0I m Ip
B0 = = 0
m 0I 2(l / 2p) l
B= (sin 45° + sin 45°)
4p(a / 2)
4 p ´ 10 -7 ´ 314
. ´ 314
.
m I 0FG 1 + 1 IJ 2 m 0I B=
6.28
= 2 × 10–6 T
4p(a / 2) H 2 2K
B= =
2p a
4 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
3. (I = constant l = constant) From (1) & (2)
m 0 NI
B0 = N (2pR) = l Bi R + R1 30 + 10 2
2R = 2 = =
B ii R 2 - R1 30 - 10 1
l
NR = = constant 5. Magnetic field at centre is zero
2p
B1 = B2
N 1
B0 µ ----- (1) Nµ ------ (2)
R R (2) (1)
m 0 N1I1 m N I
= 0 22 R1 O
From (1) & (2) 2R1 2R 2 R2

When N given...... B µ N 2 Given that

1 (I1 = I2, N1 : N2 = n1 : n2, R1 : R2 = 2 : 1)
When R given.... Bµ
R2 R1
N1 I n1 R
According to this question N is given. = 2 × I Þ = 1 (Q I1 = I2)
N2 R2 1 n2 R2
B 1 FG IJ 2
n1 2
B'
=
3 HK ; B' = 9B ; field becomes 9 times or
n2
=
1
increased by a factor 8
OR 6. (i) (a) Magnetic field due to straight parts is zero be
cause point 'O' is lies on their extended axis.
m0 I
B0 = ...(i) Magnetic field due to circular arc at point 'O' :-
2R
m 0 NI m 0 Ia
B'0 = B0 = (Where a = p ) ;
2r 4 pR
\ N × 2pr = 2pR
m 0 I(p) m 0 I
R B0 = = Ä
r= 4 pR 4R
N
m0 NI.N
\ B'0 =
2.R
æm I ö (b) Magnetic field due to straight wire (1) and (3):-
B'0 = N 2 ç 0 ÷ , B'0 = N 2 B0
è 2R ø
here N = 3 m 0I
B1 = (sin 0° + sin 90°)
\ B'0 = 9B0 4 pR
4. Case I :- Current in same direction
m 0I
m 0 NI m 0 NI B3 = (sin 0° + sin 90°) Ä
4 pR
= 2R + 2R
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Bi
1 2 R2
I Magnetic field due to circular arc (2)
LM
m 0 NI 1
+
1 OP O
R1
I

m 0 Ia
= 2 N R1 R 2Q B2 =
4 pR
,
m NI L R + R O (1) (3)
=
0
M
2 N R R Q
P 2

1 2
1
------ (1) (where a = p/2) I
(2)
R
Case II :- Current in opposite direction m 0I(p 2) m I 90°
B2 = = 0 Ä R O
4 pR 8R
m 0NI m NI
Bii = - 0
2R1 2R 2 R2 So net magnetic field at point 'O' :-
I I
O
m 0 NI 1 LM
-
1 OP R1 B0 = (B1 – B3) + B2
= 2
N
R1 R 2 Q B0 =
m 0I
m NI L R - R OP 8R Ä
= 0
M
2 N R R
2

1 2
1

Q
------ (2)
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 5
(ii).(a) Point 'O' is located on the extended axis of straight So net magnetic field at point 'O' :-
parts so their magnetic field at 'O' will be zero.
B0 = Bloop – Bwire (Q Bloop > Bwire)
Magnetic field due to circular arc :-
m 0 Ia m 0I m 0I m 0I
1–
1FG IJ
B=
4 pR
=
2R
–
2pR
=
2R H
p Ä K
For arc (1) :- (iv)(a) Due to wire (1) and (2) magnetic field at 'O' is in
m 0 Ip m 0I same direction so
B1 = = (Q a = p)
4pR 4R
For arc (2) :-

m 0 Ip m 0I
B2 = = ( Q a=p)
4R(2R ) 8R
So net magnetic field at point 'O' :- m 0I m 0I
B1 = (sin 0° + sin 90°) = = B2 Ä
4 pR 4 pR
m 0I m 0I 3 m 0I
B0 = B1 + B2 = + = Magnetic field due to circular arc :-
4R 8 R 8 R
(b) Point 'O' is located on the extended axis of straight m 0 I (p ) m 0I
parts so Magnetic field at ‘O’ will be zero. B3 = = Ä
4 pR 4R
For circular arc (1) :-
So net magnetic field at point 'O' :-
m 0 I (p ) m 0I
B1 = = B0 = (B1 + B2 + B3) Ä
4 pR 4R
For circular arc (2) :- m 0I m 0I m 0I m 0I m 0I
B0 = + + = +
4 pR 4 pR 4R 2p R 4R
m 0 I( p ) m I
B2 = = 0 Ä
4R(2R ) 8R
m 0I FG 1 + 1IJ
So net magnetic field at point 'O' :- =
2R H p 2K Ä
m 0I m 0I m 0I
B0 = B3 – B4 = – = (b) Due to wire (1) and (2) direction and mag
4R 8R 8R nitude of field at 'O' is same
(iii) (a) Magnetic field at 'O' due to straight wire :-
m 0I m 0I
Bwire = and Bloop =
2p R 2R
So net magnetic field at point 'O' :-
B0 = Bwire + Bloop
m 0I m 0I
So B1 = (sin 0° + sin 90°) = = B2 Ä
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4 pR 4 pR

Magnetic field due to circular arc :-

m 0 I(p) m 0I
m 0I m 0I m 0I FG 1 +1IJ B3 = =
B0 =
2pR
+
2R
=
2R Hp K 4 pR 4R

(b) Due to both straight wire B is in same direction Resultant magnetic field at point 'O' :-

FG
Bwire = B1 + B2 B1 =
m 0I m I
, B2 = 0
IJ B0 = B3 – (B1 + B2) [Q B3 > (B1 + B2)]
H 4p R 4pR K
m 0I m 0I m 0I FG 1 – 1 IJ
Bwire =
m 0I
2pR
=
4R
–
2pR
=
2R H 2 pK
m 0I
and Bloop = Ä
2R
6 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
(v) (a) Point 'O' is located on the axis of straight (vi)(a) Magnetic field due to straight parts is zero because
part (3) so B3 = 0 point 'O' lies their extended axis. Magnetic field
due to circular arc
Magnetic field due to wire (1)

m 0I m 0I
B1 = (sin 0° + sin90°) =
4 pR 4 pR
Magnetic field due to circular arc :- m 0 Ia
B0 = , (where a = 3p/2)
4 pR
m 0I
FG 3 pIJ
H2 K 3m 0I
B0 =
m 0 I(3p 2)
=
3m 0I
B2 =
4pR
=
8R 4 pR 8R Ä
(b) Magnetic field due straight parts (1) and (2) is zero
So net magnetic field at point 'O' :- because point 'O' lies their extended axis.
m 0I 3m 0I B1 = B2=0
B0 = B1 + B2 = + Magnetic field due to circular arcs (3) and (4)
4pR 8R
m 0 Ia
m 0I FG 2 + 3IJ B3 =
4 pR
and
=
8R Hp K
m 0 Ia
(b) Point 'O' located on is extended axis of B4 = Ä,
4 p(2R)
straight parts (4) and (6) So B4=B6=0
Magnitude and direction of magnetic field
p
(where a = )
at 'O' due to wire (1) and (3) is same so 3
So net magnetic field at point 'O' :-
m 0I m 0I
B1 =
4 pR
(sin0° + sin90°) =
4 pR
=B3 m 0I(p 3) LM1 – 1 OP = m 0I
B0 = (B3 – B4) =
4 pR N 2Q 24R
Due to circular arc (2) and (5) magnetic field at 'O'
7. Magnetic field at 'O' due to circular arc (2) and (3)
circular arc (2) and (5) is same so :- is same in magnitude but direction is opposite. So
their net magnetic field is zero.

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m 0 I(p 2) m 0I Due to straight parts (1) and (4) magnitude and

B2 = = = B5 direction of magnetic field is same at 'O' so
4 pR 8R
m 0I
so resultant magnetic field at 'O' :- B1 = (sin0° + sin90°) =B4
4 pR
B0 = B1 + B3 + B2 + B5
net magnetic field at point 'O' :-
m 0I m 0I m 0I m 0I m 0I
= + + + B0 = B1 + B4 =
4 pR 4 pR 8R 8R 2p R
m 0I m 0I m 0I FG 2 + 1IJ =
m 0 (5)
=
50m 0
T
=
2p R
+
4R
=
4R Hp K 2p ´ 5 ´ 10 –2
p
= 2 × 10–5 T,
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 7
8. Magnetic field at the centre due to arc ABC and 2. Field outside the conductor
ADC :- m 0I
m 0 I1 m 0 I2 5×10–6 = , where r=2R
2pr I
BABC = Ä , BADC= 4r
4r O 2R
Both arc are connected in parallel with source, m 0I
5×10–6 = ------- (1) R 2R
so V= IR = constant 2p(2R ) 3
P
Field inside the conductor :-

Bp =
m 0I r
, where r = R -
R FG IJ =
2R
2p R 2
3 H K 3

b
m 0 I 2R / 3 g = 1 FG m I IJ = 1 (20)×10
0 20
mT
3 H pR K 3
= –6=
I(R 2 ) æ 10 ö 2I 2p R 2 3
I1 = = Iç ÷ =
(R 1 + R 2 ) è 15 ø 3 3. Field inside cross- b
section of conductor I
r
I2 =
IR 1
=
I
m I r 2 - a2F I O
R1 + R 2 3 Bp = 0
2pr b2 - a 2GH JK a

\ Net magnetic field at the centre :- [a=R, b=2R, r = 3R/2]

m0 m 0 2I I
–
FG m 0I IJ m 0I LM b g b g OP
3R / 2 - R
2
5 m 0I
2

(B0)net =
4r
(I1 – I2) =
4r 3 3H=
12r
Ä K =
2p
3RFG IJ MN b g b g PQ
2 R
2
- R
2
=
36
.
pR
9. Decrease in field value with respect to centre 2H K
4. Magnetic field at surface of conductor :-
DBx = B0 – Bx m 0I
F
3 x2 I BS =
2p R
=B
= B0 – B0 1 - 2 2
R
GH JK Inside conductor distance r from centre :-
m 0 Ir mI ærö
= 0 ç ÷
F3 . x I 2
Bin =
2pR 2 2 pR è R ø
= B0 GH 2 R JK 2 ærö
Bin = BS ç ÷
\
èRø
Fractional decrease in field value (Where x <<< R)
Bin 1
= , (BS = B)
DB x 3 x 2 B 2
= (limit < 5%) B
B0 2 R2 Bin =
2
1 3 x2 R 5. (a) Magnetic field inside the conductor :-
= x=±
Þ
100 2 R 2 Þ
150 m 0 Ir m 0r FG I IJ
BEGINNER'S BOX-3
Bin =
2pR 2
=
2 H pR K
2
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m 0r I
1. Field inside the conductor = (J), (Where J= current density)
2 pR 2
m0 I r R
Bin = , where r = 4 p ´ 10 –7 ´ 2 ´ 10–3 ´ 100
2p R 2 2 =
2
m 0I(R / 2) m 0I = 4p × 10–8 T
= 2
= ... (1)
2p R 4 pR (b) Magnetic field outside the conductor :-
Field outside the conductor :- m 0I I
m 0I Bout = [Q J = Þ I = J(pR2)]
2pr pR2
Bout = , where r = 2R
2p r
m 0 J ( pR 2 ) m 0 JR 2
m 0I m 0I = =
= = ... (2) 2pr 2r
2p 2Rb g 4 pR
4p ´ 10 –7 ´ 100 ´ (3 ´ 10 –3 )2
From (1) & (2) =
2 ´ 4 ´ 10 –3
B in 1
= 9p
B out 1 = × 10–8 T
2
8 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
4. Magnetic field of wire is
BEGINNER'S BOX-4
perpendicular to the
2. Magnetic field at axial mid point of solenoid X and Y:–
direction of motion of
N electron. So magnetic
B = m0nI where n =
l force on electron.
Magnetic field at axial mid point of new solenoid
m 0I m 0I FG IJ
B' = m0n'I, (where n' =
2N
= n) = m0nI = B
Fm = qvB (q = 90°) , where B =
2pd
= qv 2pd H K
2l
3. As the solenoids are identical, the currents in Q and
F 2 ´ 10 ´ 5 I
–7
R will be same and will be half the current in P. The
magnetic field within a solenoid is given by B = m0nI.
= 1·6 × 10–19 × 106 × GH 10 ´10 JK –2

Hence the field in Q will be equal to the field in ‘R’

and will be half the field in ‘P’ i.e. will be 1.0T. = 1·6 × 10–18 N
5. Mass and charge of p, d and a–particle
BEGINNER'S BOX-5
Particle Mass Charge
1. Magnetic force on moving charge :-
Proton mp +e
Here :-
Deutron 2 mp +e
Þ r r
v||B
Alpha 4 mp +2e
Þ q = 0° where mp = 1.67 × 10–27 kg.
Q Fm = qvBsinq and e = 1.6 × 10–19 cb
\ Fm = 0
Type Concept rp : rd : ra
2. Velo city of charge is
pe rpen di cu la r to t he
m
magnetic field so magnetic (a) v ® same rµ 1 : 2 : 2
q
force on charge :-
r r r 1
Fm = q (v ´ B) (b) p ® same rµ 2 : 2 : 1
q

= 10–11 × 108 × 0·5 [ $i ´ $j ] = 5 × 10–4 [ k$ ]

m
= 5 × 10–4 N, along + z–direction (c) Ek ® same rµ 1 : 2 : 1
q
3. Kinetic energy of proton :-
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(d) Vacc.® same r µ m/q 1 : 2 : 2

1 2
EK = mv = 2 × 106 × 1·6 × 10–19 Joule.
2
6.

2E K Type Concept Ratio

v=
m q
(a) v ® ratio vµ 2:1: 1
m
2 ´ 3.2 ´ 10 –13 (b) p®ratio pµq 1:1: 2
= ,where m=1·67 × 10–27kg
. ´ 10 –27
167
q2
= 2 × 107 m/s (c) Ek®ratio Ek µ 2:1: 2
m
magnitude of magnetic force on proton
Fm = qvB = 1·6 × 10–19 × 2 × 107 × 2·5, q
(d) Vacc.® ratio Vacc.µ 2:1: 1
m
= 8 × 10–12 N
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 9
7. Curvature or sharpness of the curve (C) :– 9. Radius of helical path
mv sin q
3 c=0 r=
qB
r=¥
1
2
q1 . ´ 10 -27 ´ 4 ´ 105 ´ 3 / 2
167
1 = = 1.2 cm
Cµ µq q2 r1 > r 2 . ´ 10 -19 ´ 0.3
16
r c1 < c 2
q1 < q2 Pitch of helical path :-
(q, m)
2pm
Where r ® radius of curvature or radius p = (v cosq)T, [where T = ]
qB
q ® deflection of charge from its initial
direction of motion. 4 ´ 10 5 ´ cos60°´ 2 ´ 3.14 ´ 1.67 ´ 10 -27
= » 4.35cm
1.6 ´ 10 -19 ´ 0.3
Type Concept r–ratio Curvature Deflection
10. Radius of helical path
F 1I
q,B®same GH C µ r JK (q µ C) _ 1840 m
mp ~ e

(a) v® same r µ m 1840:1 C p < Ce qp < qe

(r p > re)
(b) p®same r® same 1 : 1 Cp = Ce qp = qe
(r p = re)

(c) E K®same r µ m 1840 :1 Cp < Ce qp < qe mv sin q

r= , where q = (90°–60°) = 30°
(r p > re) qB

(d) Vacc. ®same rµ m 1840 :1 Cp < Ce qp < qe . ´ 10-27 ´ 2 ´ 106 ´ sin 30°
167
= = 0.1m
(r p > re) . ´ 10 -19 ´ 0104
16 .

2pm m Time period of proton

8. (a) T= ÞTµ
qB q
2p m 2 ´ 314 . ´ 10 -27
. ´ 167
T= = = 6.28 × 10–7s
qB . ´ 10-19 ´ 0104
16 .
mp 2mp 4mp
Þ TP : Td : Ta = : :
e e 2e 11. Time period of circular motion of charge does not
depends on angle of projection with the field
=1:2 :2
direction so when angle of projection is 60° then
qB q time period remains same.
(b) f= Þ fµ
2pm m 12.
(a) E = 0, B = 0 Þ Fnet = 0 (always)
e e 2e (b) E = 0, B ¹ 0 Þ Fnet = 0 (may be when
Þ fp : fd : fa = : : r
mp 2mp 4mp r r r
v || B or v anti || B )
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r r
1 1 (c) E ¹ 0,B ¹ 0 Þ Fnet = 0 (may be when Fe = -Fm )
=1: :
2 2 (d) E ¹ 0, B = 0 Þ Fnet = Fe ¹ 0 (always non zero)
=2:1 : 1 So possible conditions of electric and magnetic field
for zero net force on moving charge are (a), (b) and
qB q
(c) w= Þ wµ (c)
m m
r
13. v = Constant
e 2e r
Þ wp : wd : wa= : e : |a | = 0
mp 2m p 4mp
r
| Fnet |= 0 In condition (a), (b), (c) net force on a
1 1 r
=1: :
2 2 moving charge may be zero but in (d) Fnet ¹ 0 ,
r r
=2: 1:1 a ¹0 Þ v ¹ constant (always)
10 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
14. In (a),(b),(c) charge may moves along straight line 18. Nature of both type of
r Cathode Positive
with constant speed (as v = may be constant) rays are unlike and they rays rays

In (d) if charge is projected with parallel to electric are moving in opposite

r r r r di re ct i on i n s a m e Anode Cathode
field (v|| E) or anti parallel ( v anti|| E ) then it
transverse field so they
moves along on straight line with accelerated Discharge tube
are deflected in same
A
motion (speed ) or retarded motion (speed ) B direction according to
r r r
Fm = ± q( v × B ) or right hand palm rule.
r r
e
(q = 0°) (speed ­) v || E j 19. According to right hand
r r palm rule positive charges
e
(q = 180°) (speed ¯) v anti|| E j moves on ACW circular path
15. (a), (b), (c)Þ Speed may be constant
in Ä B and n egat ive
(d) Þ Speed never be constant
r charges moves on CW
r
16. v ^ B , so apply right
circular path in Ä B so the
hand palm rule to find
path shown in figure is of
out directio n of
electron (negative charge)
magnetic force. Hence
cosmic particles 20. Electric force exerts on
deflected towards east. proton towards east (in
OR the direction of electric
r r r field). For undeflected
Fm ® (v ´ B)
path magnetic force
r
Fm ® (- kˆ ´ ˆj) = ˆi east exerts on prot on
towards west which is
17. Sense of path gives an idea of
equal to electric force
direction of magnetic force
r r r r r
(i.e. centripetal force), along Fe = -Fm Þ| Fnet |=0,| a |=0Þ v = constant
+y–direction. Now direction of
Now right hand palm rule gives the direction of
external magnetic field can be
magnetic field in that region.
find out by right hand palm
rule. ® r r
21. Fm = ± q (v ´ B)
Hence magnetic field direction along +z–direction. Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

OR r
Fm Þ + ( k$ × $i ) = + $j , Þ along + y direction
Fm
22. According right hand palm rule electron beam will
deflected upwards.
e– v

Therefore direction of megnatic field is given by

right hand palm rule.
OR
r r r OR
Fm ® (v ´ B)
r r r
Fm ® (v ´ B)
ˆj ® -(iˆ ´ k)
ˆ (to obtain the direction of megnetic
r
force along y-axis, magnetic field should be verticaly Fm ® -(- ˆi ´ ˆj) = kˆ (vertically upwards)
upwards. i.e. along z-axis.
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 11
OR
23. In closed loop
r r r
FPQ + FQR + FPR = 0
Å Fe r ® r
FPR = 0 (because PR || B )
v = 0 at t = 0 r r
FPQ = -FQR
Due to electric force charge moves along straight
r r
r r | FPQ | = | FQR |
line and parallel to the magnetic field (v|| B) . So
FPQ 1
no magnetic force exerts on it during motion. =
FQR 1
BEGINNER'S BOX-6 5. Magnetic force per unit length
1. Magnetic field produced by solenoid along its axis so m 0 I1I2
magnetic force on conductor given as fm = .....(1)
2pd
Fm = BIL sinq = (2.5 × 10–2) (5) (5 × 10–2) sin 30°
= 31.2 × 10–4 N m 0 (2I1 ) (2I 2 ) 8m 0 I1I2
fm' = = .........(2)
r r b g
2p d 2 2pd
2. L an d B bot h are
perpendicular to each from (1) & (2)
ot he r, so ma gn et ic f m' = 8fm = 8 × 2 × 10–3 = 16 × 10–3 N/m
force on wire 'LN' given 6. Resultant force on 'l' length of wire Q
r r Fnet = (ƒR – ƒP)l, (ƒR >ƒP)
as Fm = BIL (L ^ B)

10 =
LM m (6) (4) – m (2) (4) OP
0 0
× 10×10–2
= 5 × 10 ×
100
= 5N N 2p (2) 2p (2) Q
3. Magnetic force on wire ABCDEF in uniform = 16 × 10–8 N, towards right
r r r r 7. Force on 10 cm length of wire AD :-
magnetic field given as Fm = I (L ´ B) , where L
is the displacement between free ends of the con-
ductor from initial to final point.

r r
$ $
L = (l) i , B = (B) j
r r
L^ B m 0 ´ 25 ´ 15 ´ (10 ´ 10 -2 )
FAD = ....(1)
2p ´ 5 ´ 10 –2
r
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

Fm = BIL ($i ´ $j )
m 0 ´ 25 ´ 15 ´ (10 ´ 10 -2 )
FBC = ....(2)
2p ´ 30 ´ 10 -2
= BIl (k$ ) = BIl, along +z direction
Wire AB and DC located in non uniform magnetic
4. FPQ = I lBsinq = IlB sin90° = IlB ...(1) field
FQR = Il'B sin30° So force on elemental length of these wire will be
of same magnitude and opposite direction there-
l fore net force on wire AB and DC will be zero
=I B sin30°
cos60o r r
FAB + FCD = 0 (always)
1 Fnet = FAD – FBC (towards wire) (FAD > FBC)
= I(2l) B × = I l B ...(2)
2
from (1) & (2) m 0 ´ 25 ´ 15 ´ 10 ´ 10 -2 LM 1 - 1 OP
FPQ IlB
=
2p ´ 10 -2
N 5 30 Q
= =1:1 = 1.25 × 10–4 N, attraction
FQR IlB
12 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
8. Due to unlike currents, magnetic force per unit (c) q=90° Þ Mnet= M2 + M2 + 2M2 Cos 90o = 2 M
length of wire ‘Q’ :-

m 0 I1I2
fm = N/m ....(1)
2ph
(d)
Weight per unit length
of wire Q :-
W' = lg N/m ....(2) q=120°Þ Mnet= M 2 + M 2 + 2MM cos 120° =M

where l Þ mass per unit length (kg/m)

At balanced condition of wire ‘Q’ :- M M

m 0 I1I2 (e)
fm = W' Þ = lg
2ph
M
[from (1) & (2)] According to polygon rule of vector addition if all
vector can be represented by sides of polygen in
m 0 I1I2 4 p ´ 10-7 ´ 50 ´ 25 sequence the resultant (sum) of all vectors is zero
h= = = 3.33 mm so Mnet = 0
2plg 2p ´ 0.075

9. At balanced condition of free wire :-

fm = lg (f)

m 0 I1I 2
= lg
2pd

2plgd
I2 = (l = 2×10–3 kg/m)
m 0 I1

. ´ 2 ´ 10 -3 ´ 9.8 ´ 2 ´ 10-2
2 ´ 314
= so total magnetic moment :-
4p ´ 10-7 ´ 100
Mnet = (2M)2 + (2M)2 = 2 2 M
= 19.6 A, in free wire
2. Magnetic moment of bar magnet :–
BEGINNER'S BOX-7
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

1. Magnetic moment of a bar magnet is a vector M = ml

quantity. So net magnetic moment of following
system of two bar magnets of magnetic moments (a) Parallel to its length :-
M1 and M2 respectively.
N
2
M

For each part :-

q l' = l
S M1 N m A
m' = (A' = )
2 2
M net = M12 + M 22 + 2M1M 2 Cos q Magnetic moment of each part :-
M' = (m/2)l
(a) q = 0° Þ Mnet= M 2 + M 2 + 2M 2 Cos 0o = 2M
M
M' =
(b) q=180° Þ Mnet= M 2 + M 2 + 2M 2 Cos 180o =0 2
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 13
(b) Perpendicular to its length :- 5. Magnetic moment of current carrying loop given

as M = IA

3 a2
F 3a 2 I
For each part :- (a) AT =
4
Þ MT = I GH 4 JK
l
l' =
2 3 Il 2
m' = m (A' = A) Þ MT = (where l = 3a)
36
Magnetic moment of each part
M' = m(l/2) (b) AS = a2 Þ MS = I(a2)

M' =
M Il 2
2 Þ MS = (where l = 4a)
16
Sp. Note :-
A bar magnet of magnetic moment ‘M’ cuts into F 3 a2 I 3 3 a2
‘n’ equal parts then magnetic moment of each part
(c) AH = 6
GH 4 JK Þ MH = I
2
M
becomes : M' =
n 3Il 2
Þ MC = (where l = 6a)
3. If a flexible magnet of magnetic moment ‘M’ is bent 24
into any shape then magnetic moment of new shape (d) AC = pR2 Þ MC = I(pR2)
is always decreases as effective length is always
decreases (but pole strength remains same) Il 2
Þ MC = (where l = 2pR)
4p

(a) M' = m l e 2 j 6. I = Constant

Magnetic moment of coil
l = Constant
N(2pR) = l
M' = M 2
l
M = NI(pR2) NR = = constant
2p
(b) M' = m(l/2)
M 1
M' = M µ NR 2 ----(1) Nµ ------ (2)
2 R
(c) M' = m(2R) , From (1) & (2)
where l = pR
M' = 2m(l/p) , 1
X N ® given Þ Mµ
FG 2M IJ N
M' = HpK
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

(d) Effective length of system is X R ® given Þ MµR

zero so magnetic moment is
also zero. M1 N 2
So = 2 =
4. Magnetic field at centre of square M2 N1 1

2 2m 0I 1
B= ..... (1) 7. From Q.No. (6) Mµ Þ Nmin = 1 Þ Mmax
pa N
Magnetic moment 8. Magnetic moment is an axial vector and axis of both
M = Ia2 .....(2)
the coils are perpendicular to each other. So their
M Ia 2 (pa) magnetic moments also perpendicular to each
= other.
B 2 2m 0I

[Devide equation (2) by (1)] M=

pa 3 B Mnet = bMg + bMg
2 2
= 2M
2 2m 0
14 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
= MB sin 60°
BEGINNER'S BOX-8
1. In non-uniform magnetic field. F¹0 (always) and t=0 3 MB
= ......... (2)
(may) or t¹0 (may) so needle may experiences force 2
and torque. from (1) & (2)

$i $j k$ t= 3W
r r r 8. t = MB(cosq1 – cosq2)
2. t = M ´ B = 50 0 0
= 2.5 × 0.2 (cos0° – cos180°) = 0.5 [1–(–1)] = 1J
0.5 3 0
9. t = MB(cosq1 – cosq2) = NI(pR2)B(cos0° – cos90°)
= NIpR2B
= (0) $i –(0) $j + (150) k$ N–m = 150 k$ N–m
10. Torque t = MBsinq
3. t = BINA
8 10 t 0.32
= 0.2× 2× 100× × = 0.32 N–m Þ MB = = = 0.064 N.m or J
100 100 sin q sin 30°
r r
(a) U = –MB cosq [In stable equilibrium M|| B (q = 0°)]

= –0.064J
r r
(b) U = – MB cosq [In unstable equilibrium M anti|| B
(q = 180°)] = +0.064J

r BEGINNER'S BOX-9
Tendency of torque is try to align M in the direction
r r r eL e 2M
of ext. field [ t = M ´ B] . So AD side comes out 1. QM = Þ =
2m m L
from plane of paper.
4 For the given perimeter circular shape has maxi- qL M q M
2. M= Þ = Þ depend on q, m
mum geometrical area. 2m L 2m L
So Amax Þ Mmax Þ tmax Þ couple max. 3. M µ n
5 For constant length wire Torque on coil m 0q . ´ 10-19
m 0 ´ 2 ´ 16
4. B= =
2Tr 2 ´ 2 ´ 08
.
1
Mµ .......(1) t µ M ........(2) = µ 0 × 10–19 T (where q = +2e)
N

So tmax Þ Mmax Þ Nmin = 1 (one turn coil) BEGINNER'S BOX-10

6. Work done in rotating a dipole from q1 to q2 from
E 2 2
the field direction :- 1. I= = = Amp.
r + R + R' 0.5 + 4.5 + 95 100
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

W = MB (cos q1 – cos q2)

= MB (cos 30° – cos 45°) I
From I = K tanq reduction factor K=
tan q
F 3- 1I
= 4 × 5 × 10–4 GH 2 2 JK = 3.2 × 10–4 J
K=
2
= 0.02 A
100 ´ tan 45°
7. Work done in rotating a dipole from
2B H R R
q1 = 0° to q2 = 60° from the field direction :- 2. Reduction factor K= Þ Kµ
m 0N N
W = MB (1 – cos 60°)
MB KA R N
= ......... (1) = A × B
2 KB RB NA
The torque needed to
KA 1 3 3
maintain the needle in = × = Þ KA > KB
this position KB 2 1 2
tACW = tCW
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 15
7. Time period of thin rectangular bar magnet
1
(b) From I = Ktanq , tan q µ
K I ml2
T = 2p MB H Where I =
(I = same in series combination) 12
Q KA > KB
tanqA < tanqB Þ qA < qB I
Tµ ........ (1) [BH ® same]
I M
3. Time period of bar magnet T = 2p MB Case I Cutted parallel to its length :-
H

ml 2 ìMass ® half and length ® same

Where I = , Moment of Inertia of bar magnet ï
12 ï
M=m*l, magnetic moment of bar magnet ï
BH = Bcosq, Horizontal component of earth field. ïï
I
So T does not depends on length of suspension for each part íMoment of inertia ® I ¢ =
ï 2
fibre
ï
1 ï
Tµ ïMagnetic moment ® M¢ = M
4. Time period of bar magnet B H ïî 2
(I,M® same)
Towards equator BH ­ Þ T ¯ I/2
T´ µ ........(2)
1 M /2
5. f= MB H ; f B H µ B cos q ;
µ from (1) and (2)
2p I
Time period of each part T´ = T
f2
f2 µ Bcos q ; (I, M® same) Bµ Special note :- If bar magnet cuts into 'n' equal parts
cosq
parallel to its length then time period of each part
B1 f12 cos q 2 20 ´ 20 cos 60° 16 becomes. T´ = T
= × = × =
B 2 f22 cos q1 15 ´ 15 cos 30° 9 3 Case - II Perpendicular to its lenth :-
ì
ïMass ® half, length ® half
ï
6.
for each part íïMoment of inertia ® I¢ = I
ï 8
ï M
ïîMagnetic moment ® M ¢ = 2
Msystem = 2M + M = 3M Msystem = 2M–M = M I/8
Isystem = 2I Isystem = 2I T´ µ ......... (3)
M /2
I From (1) and (3)
T = 2p MB H (Isystem ® same, BH® same) T
Time period of each part T´ =
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

2
1 T1 M2 If bar magnet bro ken int o 'n' equal parts
Tµ ; =
M T2 M1 perpendicular to its length then time period of each

T 1 T
T1 M part becomes T ' =
= ; 1 = n
T2 3M T2 3
OR BEGINNER'S BOX-11
I1 + I 2
In sum combination T1 = 2p B axis 2KM / d 3
(M1 + M 2 )BH ~ ~ 2
1. B eq. - KM / d3 - 1
I1 + I 2 m 0 2M m0 M
In difference combination T2 = 2p 2. Baxis = Beq. Þ =
(M1 - M2 )BH 4p x 3 4p y 3
Therefore T2 > T1 (always time period in difference 2 1 x3 2 x
combination is more than the sum combination of 3
= 3
Þ = Þ y = 21/ 3
x y y 3 1
two magnets.
16 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
3. In east of wire magnetic field due to wire BW and
BEGINNER'S BOX-12
magnetic field due to earth BH are in opposite
direction so there is possible location of nutral point. 4. For solenoid B = µni
4p = µ 103 2
2p × 10–3 = µ

µ 2p ´ 10 -3
Now µ r = µ =
0 4 p ´ 10-7

µ r = 5 × 103
c = µ r – 1; c = 4999
2KM 5. Flux f = BA
5. BH = 3
d f = (µ HA)

F 2KM IJ 1/ 3
F 2 ´ 10 ´ 675
-7
. I
1/ 3 3.14 × 105 = µ 1600 × 0.2 × 10–4
d= G = G
HB K H H 5 ´ 10 JK -5 µ = 9.8 × 10–4

= 0.3 m. = 30 cm. µ 9.8 ´ 10-4

\ µr = µ =
0 4p ´ 10-7

µ r = 780.25
\ c = µ r – 1 = 779.25
6. BP > BQ 8. f = BA
4 × 10–4 = µ 1600 × 4 × 10–4

1
µ= ; µ = 0.625 × 10–3 Wb/Am
1600

Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 17
EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) Build Up Your Understanding
2. Bnet = B1 + B2 + B3 + B4 19. (B0)net = 0
= 4B (B1 = B2 = B3 = B4 = B) m0 I1 m0 I2 8A(CW)
I(ACW)
=
λ 0I m 0 10 2r1 2r2
4. B =
2οr
= 2p 1 bg Ä e O

= 2 × 10–7 × 10 = 2 × 10–6 T = 2mT 8 I

=
r ® r 0.1 0.08
direction of B Þ idl × r = k$ × $i = + $j
8 ´ 0.08
B0 I= = 6.4A,ACW
5. Bx = 0.1
3
æ x2 ö 2
24. B1 = B3 = 0 (Point lies on axis of wire)
ç1 + 2 ÷
è R ø µ 0i æ 90 ö i
B2 = ´ç ÷ 1 2
x= 2R è 360 ø 3
3R
Bx 1 B 8 µ 0i 90°
= Þ 0= B2 = Ä R
B0 8 B 1 8R
x
27. Apply B = µ 0ni
6. B µ N2 (for l = constant)
m 0I 2Br N
9. B= ÞI = n=
2r m0 l
According to the question,
I B1r1 1 1 1
I µ Br Þ 1 = = × = N/2 N
I2 B 2 r2 3 2 6 n' = =
l/2 l
10. B= B
Ä1
,B
e2 \ B remains same
N
λ I λ I 28. B = m0 I
B< 01 , 0 2 l
2οd 2οd
5m
=
λ0
(I – I )
b gb g
B' = m 0 2N 2I = 4B
2οd 1 2 l
λ0 N
= (5 – 2.5) = m0/2p Ä 29. B = m0 .I
2ο(5 2) 2οR m
µ 0Ni
13. B= 1
2R = 4p´ 10-7 ´ 1000 ´
4p
µ 0i m0 i 10–4 (Wb/m2)
14. B= Þ d=
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

2pd 2pB
N
B0 30. B = m0 .I (given Rm = 10 cm)
Bx = 3/2
2οR m
15. æ x2 ö
ç1 + 2 ÷ æ nN ö÷
è R ø 31. B = λ 0 çççè L ø÷÷ i nN = total turns
Qx=R
3/2 B µ D°
B0 B0 B æ1ö
\ Bx = = Þ x =ç ÷ 32. B = m0ni
(1 + 1)3 / 2 (2)3 / 2 B0 è 2 ø
B 2 n2 i 2 n1
< ; n2 = , i = 2i1
λ 0 NIR 2 B1 n1i1 2 2
18. Bx =
2(r2 ∗ R 2 )3 2
=
bn / 2gb2i g = 1
1 i
R2 n1i1
If r >> R then 2 <<< 1 (negligible)
r B2 = B1 = B
λ 0 NIR 2 λ 0 NIR2 1
% 2(r2 )3 2 ,
Bx – %
2r 3 Þ Bx µ 3
r
18 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
33. B = m0ni
qB
45. f=
B2 n i 100 ´ (i 3) 2pm
= 2 2 =
B1 n1 i1 200 ´ i mv
46. r= (v, B ® same)
qB
1
B2 = × 6·28 × 10–2 = 1·05 × 10–2 Wb/m2 m
6
rµ
q
P
34. r= Þ P = qBr
qB rA m A q B æ 24a.m.u. öæ 2e ö 24
= ´
rB mB q A = çè 22a.m.u. ÷ç ÷=
øè e ø 11
Pµq (B, r ® same)
50. rp : rd : ra
pP q P 1 e 1
< < = =
p q 2 2e 2 m
rµ
qB q
36. f=
2οm
1 2 4
q : : = 1: 2 : 2
fµ 1 1 2
m
37. F = qnB ÞFµq (v, B ® same) 54. Use RHPR to find direction magnetic force.

mv r r
38. r= y ÄBwire éë v ^ B wire ùû
qB
Fm
mb = me ma = 4mr I v
x
O
qb = qe qa = 2qe +Q
1
rb < ra , Q C µ (\ Cb > Ca ) OR
r r r r
Fm ® (v ´ B)
2mqVacc. r
39. r=
qB Fm ® (iˆ ´ - k)
ˆ = +ˆj = y - axis

According to the question (current carrying wire produces cross field

therefore -k̂ is taken in vector product)
rµ m r
Fm ® +ˆj = +y - axis
r1 m1 r r
=
r2 m2 61. Fm = BiLeff L ^ Be j
r12 m1 Leff = 62 + 8 2 = 10
= Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

r22 m 2
Fm = 10 × 3 × 10 × 10–2
mv sin π v sin π = 3N
42. r< =
qB (q / m)B
63. R
1 3 ´10 1
5 fQ
= ´ ´ = 5 × 10–3 m = 0.5 cm
10 8
0.3 2
43. Kinetic energy of charge particle is always constant, fP
if it enters perpendicular in uniform magnetic field.
fnet Þ (towards left)
2mE k like currents always attracts to each other
44. r=
qB
λ 0 I1I2 4ο ´ 10,7 ´10 ´10
r µ m (q, B, Ek. ® same) 64. f= = = 2 × 10–4N
2οd 2ο´10 ´10,2
or m µ r2
(Like currents ® Attraction)
m1 æç r1 ö÷
2

<ç ÷
m2 çè r2 ø÷÷
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 19
r r r
65. e
Fm = I L ´ B j 1 MB H
87. f= µ BH
r r r 2p I
|Fm|= BIL , where L ^ B
BH µ f2
5
= 5 × 10 × = 2.5N
100
B H2 F f I F 10 I
=G J =G J
2
2 2
=4
66. When direct current flows in spring any two adjecent
turns having the current in same direction so there is
B H1 Hf K H 5 K
1

attractive magnetic force between them hence spring

contracts. B H2 = 4 B H1 Þ B H = 4 × 0.3 = 1.2 G
2

m 0I DB = 1.2 – 0.3 = 0.9

70. B = –––– (1)
2R
M = I (pR2) –––– (2) 88. Tµ
1
Þ
B H2 FT I
= G J 1
2
,
divide eqn. (2) by (1) BH B H1 HT K 2

M I (pR 2 )2R
= 1 60
B m 0I T1 = = = 1.5 sec
3 f1 40
2pBR
M =
m0
72. I = ef B H2 FG 15. IJ 2
FG 3 IJ 2

m 0 ew 4οrB 0 B H1
=
H 2.5 K =
H 5K
74. B0 = Þw=
4 pr λ 0e
9
λ 0 ef Þ B H2 = . ´ 10 -5 T
´ 01
78. B= 25
2r
89. BC = BH tan30°
r r
79. MPBÞt=0 1
= 0.34 × 10–4 ×
83. W90° = MB (1 – cos 90°) 3
= MB (1 – 0) = MB BC = 1.96 × 10 T –5

W60° = MB (1 – cos 60°)

1
1 MB 119. Curie law cm µ
= MB (1 – ) = T
2 2
120. A diamagnetic material in a magnetic field moves
W90° = n W60°
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

from stronger to the weaker part of the field.

æ MB ö
MB = n ç \ n=2
è 2 ÷ø

85. BH = B cosq µ cosq (q1 = 30°, q2 = 45°)

B H1 cos 300 3 /2 3
< = =
B H2 cos 450
1/ 2 2
20 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

4. For undeflected motion f or electron b eam

I I
r r r r r 16. T = 2p , T' = 2p
v ^ E ^ B & Fe = -Fm Þ Fnet = 0 MB H M(BH - B)

r r Þ T' = 2T = 4s
If electric field switched off then (Fm)max [v ^ B] so
OR
charge will moves along circular path.
I
2mqVacc T = 2p
q 2Vacc MBH
5. R= Þ =
qB m B2 R2
1
Tµ
q 1 BH
µ 2 (B, Vacc ® same)
m R

6. Above curie temperature ferromagnetic material T1 BH 2

=
behaves as paramagnetic material. T2 BH1
8. Resultant magnetic force on current carrying loop
in uniform magnetic field is always zero.
2 (24 - 18) 6 1
r r r r = = =
|F1 + F2 + F3 + FQP |= 0 T2 24 24 2

r r r r T2 = 4 second
FQP =|- F1 + F2 + F3 |
17. Magnetic moment of the diamagnetic atom is zero.
r r r r
= (F3 - F1 )2 + F22 , where F3 > F1 and (F3 – F1) ^ 18. Here FAB = 0, FBC = F and
r r
F2 FNet = 0 (In uniform magnetic field net force on
r r r current carying loop is zero).
9. F = q(v ´ B) = -(2µC)[(2iˆ + 3j) ˆ ´ 106 = -8kˆ
ˆ ´ 2j]
r r r r r r r r r r r
FNet = FAB + FBC + FCA = 0 = 0 + F + FCA = 0 Þ FCA = -F
10. Net force on loop is zero.

E ,B
m 0 I m0 æ q ö m 0 qf
11. B= = =
2R 2R çè t ÷ø 2R v
19. Fe e Þ Speed decreases
Fm = 0
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

®
B1 20. A is feebly repelled Þ A is diamagnetic
12. ® , B 1 , B 2 are magnetic field due to
B2 B is feebly attracted Þ B is paramagnetic
C is strongly attracted Þ C is ferromagnetic
Dremains unaffected Þ D is non-magnetic
m0I r r
r r r
Here rt = M ´ B = 0 (Q M ­­ B)
semicircular arc B1 = B2 =
4R 21.
Also parallel currents attract each other.
æ m Iö m0I
BR = B12 + B22 = 2ç 0 ÷ = mv 2 mv
è 4R ø 2 2R 22. = qVB Þ R =
R qB
13. t = BINAsinq 1 v qB 2pmn
So n = = = ÞB=
= (5 × 10–2) (2) (2000) (1.5 × 10–4) (sin30°) T 2pR 2pm e
= 1.5 × 10–2 N.m 1 1
Kinetic energy K = mv 2 = m (2pRn)2 = 2p2mn2R2
2 2
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 21
28. Magnetic field due to a circular loop
mv 2 mv 2 2mK
23. = qvB Þ R = =
R qB qB m0 NI
B= Where N ® no. of loops
2r
q2
For same R and B, K µ q e
m I= = = ne
T 1/n
K' (2e ) m 2

= ´ = 1 Þ K' = 1 MeV m0 ne
1MeV ( 4m ) e2 B= (Here N =1 as e– makes only one loop)
2r
r q r r r 29. 'B' due to segment '1'
25. Acceleration of charged particle a = (E + v ´ B)
m
m0 I
B1 = [sin 90° + sin q] (– k̂ )
r q r 4 pR
Released from rest Þ a = E = a0 (west)
m 2
m0 I
B1 = (– k̂ ) = B3
r ma 0 4 pR
Þ E = (west) I 1 I
e B due to segment '2' 3
when it is projected towards north, acceleration due
m0 I
to magnetic force = 2a0 B2 = ( -ˆi)
4R
2ma0 r r r r
Therefore magnetic field = so 'B' at center Bc = B1 + B2 + B3
ev 0 (down)

Direction of magnetic field r -m 0 I æ 2kˆ ö -m 0 I

Þ BC = çè î + ÷ø = ˆ
( pˆi + 2k)
r r r 4R p 4 pR
Fm ® (v ´ B)

-ˆi ® (ˆj ´ - k)
ˆ

The direction of magnetic force is towards west, for

that the direction of magnetic field is vertically A
60°
downward ( -k̂ ) 30.
B
26. Let magnetic pole strength be m then
M = ml
In new situation r r r
t = M´B
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

æ 60° ö æ pö r
M' = (m) ç 2r sin ÷ where r ç ÷ = l |t|= MB sin q = NIAB sin q = 0.20 Nm
è 2 ø è3ø
mv 2mK
æ 2l öæ 1 ö 3ml 3M 31. R= =
M ' = 2m ç ÷ ç ÷ = = qB qB
è p øè 2 ø p p
Q Ra = Rp
27. Net magnetic field, B = B12 + B22
4ma k a 4m p K p
\ = 2 2
2 2
q2a B2 qp B
æ m0 I1 ö æ m0 I2 ö
= ç 2pd ÷ + ç 2pd ÷
è ø è ø 4mp k a m p (1MeV )
Þ =
4e2 e2
m0
= I12 + I22
2pd Þ Ka = 1MeV
22 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
FBC R
35. Since l = 2pR = n(2pr) Þ r =
32. n
B C
FAB FCD m 0i
For one turn B = and
i 2R
I L
m n2 i
A D For n turn B ' = m0ni Þ B ¢ = 0 = n2 B
2r 2R
L
36. t = MB sin 60° .....(1)
FAD
W = MB (1 – cos60°) .....(2)
FAB = ilB (Attractive)
From (1) and (2)
µ0I µ 0 iI
FAB = i(L). (¬) = (¬) t 3/2
æLö p = Þt= W 3
2p ç ÷ W 1/ 2
è2ø
eB
FBC (­) and FAD (¯) Þ cancels each other 37. f=
2pm
FCD = ilB (Repulsive)
1.76 ´ 1011 ´ 3.57 ´ 10-2
µ 0 iI f= Hz
µ0 I 2 ´ 3.14
FCD = i(L) (®) = (®)
æ 3L ö 3p
2p ç f = 109 Hz or 1 GHz
÷
è 2 ø
tanq
µ 0 iI µ 0 iI 2µ 0 iI 38. tanq1 =
Þ Fnet = – = cos a
p 3p 3p
OR
tan q tan q
Trick & tanq2 = =
cos(90 – a ) sin a

As sin2q + cos 2q = 1
So cot2q2 + cot2q1 = cot2q
I i
m0 Ii é 1 1 ù 39. Work = MB[cos q1 – cos q2]
Fnet = - (Attractive)
a 2 p êë a b úû Work = MB[cos 0 – cos 180°]
W = NiAB[1 – (–1)]
b
W ; 9.1 µJ
33. Magnetic susceptibility = c
m0i1i2
It is negative for diamagnetic materials only 40. F= = force per unit length
2pd
34. For points inside the wire

F1 =
( m 0 i ) i = m0 i 2 Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

µ 0 Ir = F2
B= (r £ R) 2pd 2pd
2pR 2
F1 [due to wire A]
For points outside the wire

µ0 I
B= (r ³ R)
2pr F2 [due to wire C]

according to the question m 0i2

Fnet = F12 + F22 =
2pd
m0 I(a / 2)
B 2 41. When current source is switched on, magnetic field
= 2pa =1:1 sets up between poles on electromagnet.
B' m0 I
2p(2a) Diamagnetic material, due to its tendency to move
from stronger to weaker field, is thus repelled out.
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 23
42. In northern hemisphere dip is +ve and in southern
m0Ni
hemisphere dip is –ve. 45. B=
2pr
ì µ 0 id
ïï 2pR 2 : d £ R
43. B=í B1 N1 r2 æ 200 öæ 20 ö
= = ÷ = 1:1
ï µ 0i : d>R B2 N2 r1 çè 100 ÷ç
øè 40 ø
ïî 2pd

B I1
46. R1 l 1 I 2 q1 l1
µ 0i = = =
R 2 l 2 I1 q2 B1
2pR q2
270°
Þ q1I1 = q2 I2
i q1=90°
B2
d=R d I2

qH 1
m 0 I1 q 1 ü
=
B1 = ïï
44. qa 2 4 p r
m 0 I1 q 1 ý Þ B1 = B2
B 2 = ï
mv 4 p r ïþ
r =
qB
B1 and B2 are in opposite directions, hence resultant
1 field at centre is zero.
For same momenta, r µ
q

rH q a 2
= =
ra q H 1
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65
24 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding

m 0I 3 x2
1. BP = (sinq1 + sinq2) 6. Fractional decrease f =
4 pa 2 R2

FG 3a IJ 2
+ a2 =
5a 3 x2 1
NP =
H4K 4 =
2 R2
Þ =
30

3a / 4 3 R
\ sinq1 = = x =
5a / 4 5
30
7. V1 = V2 Þ I1R1 = I2R2 (Both arcs in parallel)
FG 4a IJ 2
+ a2 =
5a 4a / 3 4
l1 l
LP =
H3K 3
\ sinq2 = =
5a / 3 5 I1θ
A
< I2θ 2
A
Þ I1l1 = I2 l2

m 0I FG 3 + 4 IJ 7 m 0I 9. Let the coordinate at which magnetic field is zero

\ BP =
4 pa H 5 5K =
20 pa Ä is given by (x, y)
\ B1 = B2 3I x (x, y)
2. y
µ 0 3I µ 0 I
= I
2px 2py
3y = x
B1
Resultant magnetic field 10.
B2
F m I IJ FG a IJ ,
= 2B sinq = 2 GH
0
2p r K H r K
BR µ0i
B= Bnet = B12 + B22
2R
a m 0 Ia B
where sinq = = = 8 2T and B1 = B2 = =4 2T
r pr 2 2
3. When wire 'B' remains
(4 2 ) + ( 4 2 )
2 2
\ BNet =
suspended in air then
fm= w' = 8T
2mE K m
fm = lg ..... (1) 15. r= , rµ
qB q
If direction of current is reversed in any one wire
then direction magnetic force/unit length is also 1 1
qµCµ \qµ
reversed so instantaneous acceleration of wire B r r
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

is
1amu 4amu 16amu
rH+ : rHe+ : r0++ = : :
fnet = fm + w' e e 2e
fnet = fm + lg =1:2:2
la = lg + lg [from (1)] Radius of H is smallest. So it will deflect maximum
+

but deflection of He+ and O++ is equal.

a = 2g ¯ or away from the fixed wire 'A'. 16. qnBsinq = mg
mg
µ i B =
5. B1 = B3 = 0 ( g ) 4 I3 qv sin q
4 pa
B2 = B4 = 0 mg
a Bmin = (q = 90° )
qv
µ 0i 2
\ BNet = B1 + B3 = ( g) I a P 17. Fnet = 0 may be when
2pa 1 r r
= -Fm |. Check by $i, $j, k$
|Fe ||
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 25
mv
18. r= (v,B ® same) 35. +y(j)
qB
B(k)
rA m A q B
= ´ +z(k) +x(i)
rB mB q A Fe(-i) v(-i) vi Fei Ei
(–) ve (+) ve
24 24 e
= ´ Fm(–j)
rB 22 2e
rB = 44 cm In the presence ofelectric field rest (+) ve ions moves
parallel and rest (–)ve ions moves antiparallel to the
22. t = MB sin 90° electric field due to Fe.
Now magnetic force on ions :-
= NIAB N B S
M (+) ve ions
F I b
3a 2
g a $
e j
Fm Þ + $i ´ k Þ – $j
=I GH 4 JKB2 N = 1

S N
23. t = MB sin90° (–) ve ions
= (NIA) (m0 ni) M B

$
26. c=
I e
Fm Þ – - $i ´ k Þ – $j j
H
Both ions deflect in –y direction.
I
3 × 10 = –4
36. q = 30°
4 ´ 104 ®y
B ®
v
I = 12 A/m
mv sin q
27. µ r = c + 1; µ r = 1 + 0.003 r= 30°
Bq 60°
µ r = 1.003 x

Mass 75 ´ 10-3 2pm

28. Volume = = = 10–5 T=
Density 7.5 ´ 103 Bq

Magnetic Moment 9 ´ 10 -7 Bq
I= = = 0.09 A/m2 38. f=
Volume 10 ´ 10-6 2p m
29. Energy loss in 1 hour
= Area × Volume × time × frequency 39. B1 ^ B 2
250 ´ 10 ´ 3600 ´ 50 m0 2 2 4p ´ 10-7
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

= = 1200 J × 50 (B 0 )net = I1 + I2 = 32 + 42
7500 -2
2R 2 ´ 2p ´ 10
= 60000 J
= 6 × 104 J = 5 × 10–5 T
31. A stretching force or a tension force
mv m 0ev
34. Distance L µ r µ 40. B=
qB 4p r 2
m
L µ m 0 ev
q
Þ r=
L1 : L2 : L3 : L4 4 pB

16amu 12amu 4amu 1amu

= : : : v
2e e 2e e r µ
= 8 : 12 : 2 : 1 B
so L2 is maximum for C+
26 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
r r 47. By right hand palm rule
41. t = NIABsin90° ( M^B )

A
30°
3l 2
N = 1, A = Lcos30° L
4
i

F 3 l2 I C B
t = (1)i GH 4 B JK Lsin30°

r
direction of Fm is inward
4t
l2 =
3 ib AC & outward for AB

Now
æ σ ö÷
1/ 2

l=2 ççç ÷
è 3iB ÷ø L
FCB = BI (sin 180°) = 0
2
F B = m I Þ I = 2Br I
42. V = IR, GH 2r m JK
0

0
BIL 3
FAC = Ä
F 2Br I r(2pr) FG R = rl = r (2pr) IJ 2
= G m J
H K A ,H A A K
0
r r r
FAB + FAC + FCB = 0

4Brpr 2 r r
= (B,r,A ® same) \ FAB = -FAC
m0A

V µ r2 r 3BIL
\ FAB = e
2
V1 FG r IJ
1
2
FG 2r IJ 2
4
V2 = Hr K2
=
HrK =
1 52. Diamagnetic materials Fm
moves from stronger B/2 (weak)
44. Bnet = µ 0ni magnetic field region to mg
weaker magnetic field B(strong)
4p ´ 10-7 ´ 5 ´ 400 ´ 8 region.
= = 8p × 10–3 T
80 ´ 10-2
2pm Þ Body of the frog behaves as diamagnetic.
45. Time period =
Bq
55. mp ¹ 0, mf ¹ 0 & md = 0
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\01 MEC & MAGNETISM.P65

5
vy = 4 × 10 m/s

M q
5 59. =
vx = 2 × 10 L 2m
–2
B = 8.35 × 10 m/s
Distance along x = pitch

æ 2 pm ö
= çè Bq ÷ø ´ v x

2p1.67 ´ 10 -27
= ´ 2 ´ 105
8.35 ´ 10-2 ´ 1.6 ´ 10-19
= 0.157 m
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 27
Solutions Electro Magnetic Induction
4. Magnetic flux :-
BEGINNER'S BOX-1
f = BA cos q
1.
= 0.2 × 0.1 × cos 0° = 0.02 Wb
5. Direction of area vector of loop will be perpendicular
to x – y plane.
r r $
$ $
A = 0.1 k , B = (4 i – k )
r r
Magnetic flux f = NBAcosq f = B . A = (4 $i – k$ ) . (0.1 k$ ) = – 0.1 Wb
= 100 × 0.2 × 5 × 10–4 × cos60°
6. Flux through disc
= 5 × 10 –3
weber.
2. Initially coil is placed in transverse field
ær >R ö
fi = NBA (q=0°) çè A* = pR 2 ÷ø
After rotation through 180°
ff = –NBA (q=180°)
f= BA* cosq , where B = m0nI, q = 0°
= BA*
Rate of change of magnetic flux through the coil
= (m0nI)pR2 = 29·6 × 10–6 wb
Df f f - f i
=
Dt Dt
BEGINNER'S BOX-2
- NBA - NBA
= 1. (i) Anticlockwise
2
= – NBA Wb/sec. (ii) Clockwise
(iii) A – Positive charge, B – Negative charge
(iv) Anticlockwise
A(q = 90°)
3. G C (v) Anticlockwise
(vi) No induced current
(q = 180°) H D (q = 0°)
B (vii) (a) Anticlockwise
A A
B (b) Anti clockwise in bigger loop & clockwise
F
in smaller loop
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\02 EMI.P65

E A (c) Anti clockwise in bigger loop & clockwise

A (q = 90°) in smaller loop

Face Flux (d) Anticlockwise in both loop & through con-

necting wire zero current
ABCD +Ba2 (out flux)
(viii) Anticlockwise
EFGH –Ba2 (in flux)
2. (i) (a) Anticlockwise (ACW), (b) Clockwise (CW)
Remaining Zero
(ii) N to L
Faces
(iii) Plate A – Positive charge, Plate B – Negative charge
fin = fout

fnet = 0
28 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
BEGINNER'S BOX-3 e 1 df 1 æ dB ö
6. i=
R
=
R dt
=
R
Aç
è dt ÷ø bQ f = BAg
1. Induced emf does not depend on nature of coil,
it means it doesn't depend on resistance
1
df df dx df = × 16 × 10–4 × 0.4 = 0.32A
2. e= = ´ = ´v 2 ´ 10 -3
dt dx dt dx S
7. second equation of motion F R­ ¯ a<g
e µ v FG for df = cons tan tIJ N
H dx K 1
s = ut + gt2
v1 = Relative velocity in opposite direction 2 ACW
=5+3 = 8m/s Metal loop
1
v2 = Relative velocity in same direction = 0+ × 9.8 × 1
2
= 5 – 3 = 2m/s
= 4.9 m
e2 v2 2
= Þ e2 = × 16 = 4 mV But acceleration due to induced current a < g
e1 v1 8

So that distance < 4.9 m

-df d
3. e= = – (5t2 – 4t +1) = – (10t – 4)
dt dt
Df 10 - 2 8
8. induced charge q = = =
R 2 2
= – (10 × .2 – 4) = – (2 – 4) = 2V
= 4.0 C

2 dB
9. E(2pR) = pR
f=constant dt
4. t
+K f=–Kt + C
f=
R dB
E= = 1 × 10–2 × 2 = 0.02 V/m
2 dt
df
A to B Þ = +K Þ e (–K) BEGINNER'S BOX-4
dt

df æ DI ö æ 2 - 1ö
B to C Þ = 0 Þe = 0 1. e = – L ç Dt ÷ = –5 çè = –1.0V
dt è ø 5 ÷ø
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\02 EMI.P65

df 2. (I2 = –2A, I1 = 2A , DI = I2 – I1)

C to D Þ = –K Þ e = +K
dt
DI æ -2 - 2 ö
e = –L = –2 çè = 8V
Dt 1 ÷ø
Df -D(NBA) -NA æ DB ö DB
5. e =– = = ç Dt ÷ =– N(pr2)
Dt Dt è ø Dt
dI dI
3. e = –L , if e = 0 then = 0
dt dt
FG 4 - 2IJ
= – 50 × 3.14 × (2×10–2)2 H 314
. K 2te–t + t2(–e–t) = 0

te–t (2 – t) = 0
2
= – 50 × 3.14 × 4 × 10–4 =– 0.04 V
314
. t = 2sec.
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 29

BEGINNER'S BOX-5

C
Kt +
Kt
L
+

I=–
I=

1. RC and , time constant

R
4.

C
–
+K
t 1
is angular frequency at resonance in a.c.
I=

LC

FG l = L = 10 = 2 secIJ
0 to 1,
dI
= +K Þ e = – LK = – a
2. I = I0 (1 – e–t/l) H R 5 K
dt
E
= (1 – e–t/l) = 1(1 – e–2/2) = (1 – e–1)
dI R
1 to 2, = –K Þ e = + LK = + a
dt
L 8 ´ 10 -3
3. l= = = 2ms
dI R 4
2 to 3 = +K Þ e = – LK = – a
dt dI E -t/l dI E 5
5. = (e ), at t=0 = = = 0.25 A/sec.
dt L dt L 20
e
+a FQ l = L = 5 ´ 10 -3 I
.001
0
6. GH R 18 = JK
3.6
t
–a
dI 5 0.001 ´ 18 ö
=
E -t/l
(e ) = e - æç ÷
-3 -3
dt L 5 ´ 10 è 5 ´ 10 ø
5. L = m0n2Al
= 103 (e–3.6) = 1000 × .0273 = 27.3 A/sec.
L µ l ( Q n & A Constant) L
7. I = I0/2 so t = T = 0.693
R
L2 l2 æ 2l ö
= Þ L = çè l ÷ø 2 = 4H 0.7 ´ 8.4 ´ 10 -3
L1 l1 2 = ; 1m sec
6

6. L = m0n2Al = µ 0n2VÞ L µ V L 1 L l FG IJ LMQ l = L , Q = CVOP

When all linear dimensions are increased by a
8.
CVR
=
CV
× R =
Q H K N R Q
factor 3, they will become four times time
Þ = (current)–1
charge
h
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\02 EMI.P65

b
l +
9. open ckt.
–
L ' V ' (4l ) (4b) (4h)
= = = 64 Þ L' = 64L
L V lbh
At switch on t = 0, L Þ open circuit
Increased by factor 63
Þ i3 = 0
7. f = LI
E 10 10
= 2 × 5.8 = 11.6 Wb current i1 = i2 = = = =3.3
R1 + R 2 1+ 2 3

i1 = i2 = 3.3 A, i3 = 0
30 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
(iii) Magnetic field will be downward perpendicular to
BEGINNER'S BOX-6 the plane paper ( Ä )

e2 1 (iv) Q to P
æ dI1 ö
1. i2 = R Þ i2 = R M çè ÷ø
2 2 dt (v) N will be at LP

(vi) X ® N pole] Y ® S pole

dI1 i R 0.4 ´ 5
Þ = 2 2 = = 4 A/s
dt M 0.5 (vii) X ® S pole] Y ® N pole

(f ) 9.0 ´ 10
-5 B2l 2 v . ´ 015
015 . ´ 0.5 ´ 0.5 ´ 2
2. (f2)T=MI1 Þ M = 2 T = =3 × 10–5 H 2. Fext = =
R 3
I1 3.0

= 3.75 × 10–3 N
MdI1 d
3. e2 = – = –M (I sinwt) = – MI0w coswt
dt dt 0
B2 l 2 v 0.25 ´ 9 ´ 10 -4 ´ 1 ´ 10 -2
3. Fext = =
4. e0 = MI0w (From above question) R loop 1 ´ 10 -3

= MI0(2pf)
= 2.25 × 10–3 N
= 1.5 × 1 × 2p × 50 = 150pV
4. According to Wheatstone bridge resistance of the
5. M µ N1 N2 (In question N1N2 = constant) circuit is 3W and resistance of the loop is 1W

m 0 N1N2 A So Rnet =1+3=4W

6. M=
l
Bvl iR net
-7 -3 induced current i = R Þv=
4p ´ 10 ´ 2000 ´ 12
. ´ 10 ´ 300 net Bl
=
0.3

= 96 p × 10–5 1 ´ 10
-3
´4
= = 2 × 10–2 m/s Clockwise (CW)
2 ´ 10 ´ 10 -2
FQ dI = I - I I
DI
em= –M 1 =–96p × 10–5×
(-4)
GG dI = -2 - 2 JJ
2 1

Dt 0.25
GH = -4 JK 5. Distance travelled by the loop in t =2s

= (1cm/sec) × 2 sec = 2cm

= 4.8 × 10–2 V So that flux of the loop is increasing

x2in e = Bvl = 0.6 × 1 × 10–2 × 5 × 10–2

7. Use trick : M µ
xout
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\02 EMI.P65

= 3 × 10–4 V

8. (i) (a) ACW, (b) Zero, (c) CW At t = 10s loop will be completely inside in the
magnetic field B
(ii) (a) ACW, (b) Zero, (c) CW (seen from right side)
f = contant Þ e = 0 (No emi)
(iii) (a) L to N, (b) Zero, (c) N to L

B2l 2 v
BEGINNER'S BOX-7 6. Fext = Þ Fext µ v straight line
R
1. (i) No flux cutting Þ No EMI
B2l 2 v 2
(ii) Magnetic field will be upward perpendicular to the Pmech = Þ Pm µ v2 parabola
R
plane paper ( )
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 31
7. Use effective length
BEGINNER'S BOX-8
8.
1. e ® max Þ f ® min = 0, When magnetic field is
parallel to plane of coil.
2. e0 = NBAw = 60 × .5 × 20 × 10 × 10–4 × 2 × p
1800
× = 113 V
60

BEGINNER'S BOX-9

1. To reduce eddy current

Pout 11 ´ 90
2. Efficiency = ´ 100 = ´ 100 = 90%
º Pin 220 ´ 5

3. Working of transformer is based on mutual induc-

tion
4. Application of eddy current
(i) Induction furnace,
Intentaneous induced emf in square metal loop is:-
(ii) Electric Brakes
enet = e1 – e2

m 0I
= av(B1 – B2), where B1 = & B2
2px

m 0I
=
2p(x + a )

using the values of B1 and B2

enet =
m 0Iva 1
-
LM
1 OP
2p x x + a N Q
m 0Iva 2
enet =
b
2p x x + a g (always non zero)
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\02 EMI.P65
32 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) Build Up Your Understanding
2. f = BA cos 0° = BA = 0.01 × 103 = 10 Wb 21. f1 = NBA f2 = –NBA
Df = –2NBA
DB æ 4 - 1ö
4. e=A = 2ç = 3 volt
Dt è 2 ÷ø df æ -2NBA ö 2NBA
e= - = -ç
è ÷ø = (Only magnitude)
dt t t
Df 5.5 ´ 10-4 - 5 ´ 10 -4
7. q= = = 5 × 10–6 C
R 10 2 ´ 200 ´ 0.8 ´ 70 ´ 10-4
=
0.1
Df NBA
8. q= Þq =
R R = 22.4 volt
25. Magnetic energy
qR 32 ´ 10-6 ´ 200
B= = = 0.566T
NA 100 ´ p (6 ´ 10-3 )2 1
UB = LI2 µ I2 Þ I µ UB
2
Df (A 2 – A1 )
9. e= = –B
Dt Dt I2 U2 1 1 I1
I1 = U1
=
4
=
2
Þ I2 =
2
2l
(2pr = 4l Þ r = )
p t is equal to Half life period therefore :
A1 = Asquare = (22 × 10–2)2 L 10
t = 0·693 = 0·693 × = 3·5 sec.
2 R 2
æ 2 ´ 22 ö
A2 = Acircular = 3·14 × ç ´ 10-2 ÷
è 3 × 14 ø L
26. l= = 4 sec. L = m0n2Al Þ L µ l
R
e = –6·6 mV
rl
Df R= ÞRµl
A
10. e= (1Wb = 108 Mexwell)
Dt
,
+3 –8
12 ´ 10 ´ 10
= = 0·6 mV
0×2

Df 2NBA Þ Þ
11. q= =
R R

2NBA
12. e= L 1L 2 L R1R2 R
t Lp = = , Rp = =
L1 + L 2 4 R1 + R2 4
1000 ´ (0.4 ´ 10 -4 ) ´ (500 ´ 10-4 ) ´ 2
= = 0.04V
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\02 EMI.P65

0.1 L/4 L
= = 4 sec.
R/4 R
15. Speed of beam is constant so current is also constant.
Due to this no current induced. 28. Nf = LI
( Q v = constant Þ I = constant Þ f = constant Nf 100 ´ 5 ´ 10 -5
L= = = 2.5 × 10–3 H
I 2
df
Þ = 0 Þ e = 0)
dt 1 2 1
U= LI = (2.5 × 10–3) (2)2=5 × 10–3 J
16. Current in wire is constant so flux is also constant I 2 2
= const Þ B = const Þ f = constant Þ NO EMI
OR
Df U = (ftotal)I/2
20. q= \ q µ (Dt)°
R
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 33
m 0 N 2 pr 2 LDI e
29. L = = m0n2lpr2 µ lr2 41. e= - Þ L= -
l Dt (DI Dt)

l 8
L' = m0n2 p (2r)2 = 2L Þ two times L= - = -0.2H
2 (2 / 0.05)
Þ inductance increases by 100%. = 0.2 H (only positive value)
æ R
- t ö
31. I = I0 ç 1 - e L LdI dt
÷ 42. e= Þ L=e
è ø dt dI

9I0 æ - tö
5
1 12 60
= I0 ç 1 - e 5 ÷ Þ e–t = L= ´ = 15 H
10 è ø 10 48 1
After taking log both the sides 1 2 E
44. U= LI , where I0 =
t = loge10 = 2.3 sec. 2 R
46. Self inductance of solenoid
DI (1.5) - (1)
33. e=L = 60 × 10–6 × m 0 N2 A
Dt 0.1 L = Þ L µ N2
–6
= 300 × 10 V l
L 40
e 300 ´ 10-6 47. l= = = 5 second
i= = = 0.5 Amp. R 8
R 600 ´ 10-6
LdI e 5
48. e = Þ L = =
dt (dI / dt) (1/10-3 )
34. At t = 0 = 5 × 10–3 = 5mH
49. Current becomes half of its peak value in half life
time
V 10 10 5
I= R = = = A L 300 ´ 10 -3
6 + 8 14 7
net
T = × 0·693 = × 0.693
R 2
35. In parallel combination
= 0.1 sec.
1 1 1 1 50. i= i0 (1 – e–t/l)
= + +
L L1 L2 L3
5V
i0 = = 1 amp.
1 1 1 3 5W
= + + = = 1H
3 3 3 3
L 10
l= = = 2 sec.
L R 5
36. l= = 2 × 10–3 sec
R at t = 2 sec.
L i = 1(1 – e–2/2)
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\02 EMI.P65

= 0.5 × 10–3 sec.

R + 90 i = (1 – e–1)
(2 × 10–3) R = (0.5 × 10–3)(R + 90) 52. In both cases (a) & (b) M is constant
R = 30W L = 2 × 10–3 × 30 = 60 mH
dI1
37. Magnetic energy For (a) e2 = M
dt
1 1 1
UB = LI2 = (LI)I [ Q f = LI] = fI e2 2 ´ 10 –3
2 2 2
M= = = 4 × 10–4 H
(dI1 dt) 5
38. Self inductance of toroid is given by

m 0 N2 A m 0 N 2 pr 2 m 0 N2 r 2 dI2
For (b) e1=M =4 × 10–4 × 2 = 8 × 10–4 V
L= = = 2R dt
2 pR m 2p R m m
34 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
N 2 B1 A 2 73. Using KVL
53. M= I1
Bvl/4

Bvl
P Bvl Bvl
Q VP+ - Bvl + = VQ
æ 2 2 m0 I ö l 2 Bvl/4 4 4
= (1) ç p L ÷
è ø I Bvl
VP – VQ =
2
2 2 m 0 l2
= VP – VQ is positive so VP > VQ
pL

l2 75. Effective length of the loop = 2R

Mµ
L perpendicular component of velocity to effective
length vsinq
df dI df 2 ´ 10-2
61. f=MI Þ =M ÞM= = =2H r r
dt dt dI 0.01 e = B( l ´ v)

64. M = K L1L 2 here (K = 1) e = B2R v sin q

76. For rotating conducting rod emf accross its end is
so M = L1L 2
1
VS N S 1 1 e= Bwl2
66. = = ´ VP 2
VP NP 20 Þ VS = 20

1
2500 So eOP = Bw(4l)2 = 8Bwl2
VS = volt 2
20
67. Transfarmer cannot works on dc supply. 1
\ eOQ = Bw(2l)2 = 2Bwl2
df d 2
68. e=– = – (10t2 – 50t + 250) = –(20t–50)
dt dt ePQ = 6Bwl2
Put t = 3 sec
77. An emf will induce in that close loop in such a way
e = –(20 × 3 – 50) = –10V that it opposes the motion of rod.
m 0 N1N 2 A 79. Df = 0 (due to motion inside a uniform magnetic
69. M=
l field)

1 \e=0
70. eox = Bwl2
2 87. e0 = NBAw
91. Induced electric field in this loop
1
eoy = Bwl2
2 dB
E(2pR) = pR2 (r = R, on the surface)
dt
1 1
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\02 EMI.P65

exy = Bwl2 – Bwl2 = 0

2 2 R dB
E= = 2 × 10–2 × 0.2 = 4 × 10–3 v/m
2 dt
1 1
71. e= Bwl2 = B (2pf)l2
2 2 Force applied by this electric field
F = qE = 2 × 4 × 10–3 = 8 × 10–3 N
1
= (6.28 × 10–3) (2 × 3.14 × 50)(1)2=1 V
2
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 35

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

1. M = K L1L 2 df
9. i= dt = 100t = 200 = 0.5A
Here K = 1, L1 = 2mH
R 400 400
L2 = 8mH Þ M = 16 = 4mH
dI
10. Voltage across inductor V =L
Vs N s , df dt
2. = =4
Vp N p dt
Df
Ep = Vp = 4V (for ideal T) 11. q= Þ Df = qR
R
æN ö æ 1500 ö = area under the curve
Vs = Vp ç s ÷ = 4 ç ÷ = 120V
è Np ø è 50 ø
4 ´ 0.1
= × 10 = 2 weber
2
Pout
3. h= ´ 100 , where P = V I
Pin in P P
VS I S VS (6)
13. h = V I Þ 0.9 = Þ VS = 450V
P P 3 ´ 103
æ 100 ö
=ç ÷ ´ 100 = 90%
è 220 ´ 0.5 ø 3000
As VPIP = 3000 so IP = A = 15A
200
æ 1ö 1 x
4. f = BA cosq = ç ÷ [p (0.2)2] cos60° = (0.2)2 ×
è pø 2
x–a/2 1 2
= 0.02 Wb 14. emf Induced in side (1) I
5. Q Total flux f = LI V
a
e1 = B1Vl
f 4 ´ 10-3 ´ 500 emf Induced is side (2)
\L= = = 1H x + a/2
I 2 e2 = B2Vl
6. Induced emf will not remain constant in circular and emf in the frame = B1Vl – B2Vl
elliptical loops. e = Vl [B1 – B2]

* when one dimention of loop in magnetic field is

1
Þ e µ B1 - B 2 Since B µ
changed, then, e = constant (like square, rectangular r
loop)
é ù
* when both two dimentions of loop in magnetic ê 1 1 ú
So e µ ê -
field is changed, then, e ¹ constant (like circular, a aú
êx - x+ ú
triangular loop) êë 2 2 úû
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\02 EMI.P65

df d[(B)pr2 ] æ dr ö
7. e= = = 2prB ç ÷
dt dt è dt ø é ù
Þ eµê 1 1
- ú
= (2p)(2 × 10–2)(2× 10–3)(0.04) êë ( 2x - a ) ( 2x + a ) úû
= 3.2 pµV
15. First current develops in direction of abcd but when
df æ dr ö electron moves away, then magnetic field inside loop
8. f = (B)(pr2) Þ e = = (B)(2pr) ç ÷ decreases & current will change its direction.
dt è dt ø
16. Flux linked with each turn = 4 × 10–3 Wb
= (0.025)(2p)(2 × 10–2)(10–3) = pµV \ Total flux linked = 1000[4 × 10–3] Wb = 4 Wb
ftotal = L i = 4 Þ L = 1H
36 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
17. For Loop 1
1 2
df æ dB ö 20. Magnetic potential energy = LI
2 æ dB ö 2
eind =- = -A ç ÷ cos 0° = -pr ç dt ÷
dt è dt ø è ø
For Loop 2, eind = 0 as no flux linkage -3 1
Þ 25 ´ 10 = L(60 ´ 10 -3 )2
2
éæ Df ö 1 ù
18. q = êç ÷ × ú Dt Þ L = 13.89 H
ë è Dt ø R û
21. Given
é Di ù 1 N = 800, A = 0.05 m2, B = 5 × 10–5 T
q = êm0 nNpr 2 ú Dt
ë Dtû R Dt = 0.15 s
é æ 4 öù 1 ( ff - fi ) (0 - NBA)
q = ê4 p ´ 10-7 ´ 2 ´ 104 ´ 100 ´ p ´ (10 -2 )2 ´ ç ´ 0.05
ë
÷ú
è .05 ø û 10p
2
As e = – =-
Dt Dt
q = 32 µC
19. Just after switch closed then
800 ´ 5 ´ 10 –5 ´ 5 ´ 10 -2
= = 0.02 V
0.1
R
E R 22. Eddy current effect is not used in electric heater
R 2
B wl2 0.1 (10 ) ( 0.5 )
23. E = = = 0.125 V
Here E = 18V, R = 9W 2 2
18
I = E/R = = 2A
9

EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding

2. By using kirchhoff law 6. Induced charge does not depend on time

Ldi L1 L 2
VA – 3 × 2 – + 10 = VB 7.
dt L1 + L 2 = 2.4 and L1 + L2 = 10

di L1L2 = 2.4 × 10 Þ L1L2 = 24

= 1 amp/s
dt
(L1 – L2) = (L1 + L 2 )2 - 4L1 L 2
VA – 6 – 1 + 10 = VB
VA – VB = –3V = (10)2 - 4 ´ 24 = 100 - 96
3. At t ® ¥ sec
I1 = I0(1 – e–2(¥)) = I0 (1 – 0) = I0 L1 – L2 = 4 = 2H
At t = 1 sec
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\02 EMI.P65

æ e2 - 1 ö 11. Bvl Bvl enet = Bvl + Bvl = 2Bvl

I2 = I0 (1 – e–2(1)) = I0 ç 2 ÷
è e ø

-3
10 ´ 100
I1 e2 E –tR/L 100 - 100 ´10-3 1
= 2 13. I = I0e –t/l
= e = e = e–1 =
I2 e -1 R 100 e

4. P = VI

P 2200 watt
I= = = 0.1 amp
V 22000 volt

power loss = I2R = (0.1)2 (10) = 0.1watt

 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 37
Solutions Alternating Current

BEGINNER'S BOX-1 BEGINNER'S BOX-2

1. There are few reasons for it :
60
· A.C. attracts while D.C. repels. 1. Vrms = Þ R = 20W
2
· A.C. gives a huge and sudden shock.
· Frequency (50 to 60 Hz) shocks are injurious to
60 3
human body. Irms = = = 2.1A
2 ´ 20 2
2. For AC, I = I0 sinwt, the instantaneous value of heat
produced (per second) in a resistance R is, 2. E=100 sin(1000 t), XL=10 × 10–6 × 1000 =10–2W
H = I2R = I02sin2wt × R the average value of heat 100 p
I= sin (1000 t – )
produced during a cycle is : 10-2 2
T T

H av =
ò 0
H dt
=
ò 0
(I20 sin2 wt ´ R)dt
=
1 2
I0 R 3. E = 200 2 sin 100t
T T
2
ò 0
dt ò
0
dt XL = 2 × 100 = 200 W

é T 1 2 ù 200 2
êQ ò I20 sin2 wt dt =
2
I0 T ú Irms = = 1 Amp
ë 0
û 2 ´ 200

æ I ö
2
4. XC = 212 W
Þ H av = ç 0 ÷ R = I 2rms R .....(i)
è 2ø Irms = 1.03 A
However, in case of DC, HDC = I2 R...(ii) I0 = 1.46 A
Q I = Irms so from equation (i) and (ii) HDC = Hav If the frequency is doubled the capacitive
AC produces same heating effects as DC of value reactances is halved the consequently the current
I = Irms. This is also why AC instruments which are is doubled.
based on heating effect of current give rms value.
1
3. The average value of a.c. for a cycle is zero. So a 5. Z = XC =
60 ´ 2p ´ 60 ´ 10-6
d.c. ammeter will always read zero in a.c. circuit.
I0 Vrms 110
4. I = I0 sin wt = I0 sinwt Irms = = ´ 2p ´ 36 = 2.49 A
2 Z 104
p p´T T 1 6. (a) Opposition to current is constant with frequency then
wt = t= = =
4 4 ´ 2p 8 50 ´ 8 circuit will be resistive Circuit element – resistor.
= 2.5 × 10–3 s (b) In graph b oppose to current µ f
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\03 ALTERNATING CURRENT.P65

5. (a) i = 3.5 sin (628t + 30°) Zµf

V = 28 sin (628t – 30°) So circuit element inductor (XL= 2pf)

2p p X
w= 7. f= ; tan f = L
T 3 R

2p 2p XL
T= = = 0.01sec
w 628 = 3 , X L = 3R ...(i)
R
(b) phase difference f =(f1 – f2)
= 30° – (–30°) = 60° Z= R 2 + X 2L ; 10 = R 2 + X 2L
T 2V0
6. Average value for 0 to time = 3R2 + R2 = 100 ;
2 p
4R2 = 100
2 ´ 314
= = 200 V R = 5W and XL = 5 3 W,
3.14
38 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
p XL XC 1
8. f= tan f = 13. For circuit A tan f = ; tan f =
4 R R wCR

XL 1 1
1= XL = R = 314W = = =1
R 200 ´ 500 ´ 10-6 ´ 10 1

wL = 314 W 314 × L = 314 p

f=
L = 1H 4

12 p p
9. Resistance of coil R = = 3W for circuit B; f = for circuit C; f =
4 2 2
When connected to A.C. p
for circuit D; f = (Pure L – C circuit)
2
12
Impedence Z = = 5W
2.4 X L 200 ´ 5
for circuit E; tan f = = =1
Z2 = R2 + XL2 R 1000
25 = 9 + XL2 p
XL = 4W Þ wL = 4 f=
4
4 4
L= = = 0.08H BEGINNER'S BOX-3
w 50
V 50
10. Z= R2 + X L
2
1. I= = = 2.5A
Z 2 ´ 10 2
Z= 100 + (800 ´ 10-3 ´ 300)2 ; Z = 240.2W XL – XC = 10W
100W 100W
Potential drop at combination of L & C
= i(XL – XC) = 2.5 × 10 = 25 V
11.
2. The three current equations are, V = iRR,
240V, 50Hz
di L dV 1
V=L and = iC
Z = 1002 + 1002 = 100 2W dt dt C
V0 = 2VRMS = 2(240)V V0 V
so iR = sinwt , iL = – 0 coswt and iC = V0wC
(a) Maximum current R wL
coswt
V0 2(240)
I0 = = = 2.4amp
Z 100 2 1 1
3. (a) w = = = 50 rad/s
LC 5 ´ 80 ´ 10-6
XL Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\03 ALTERNATING CURRENT.P65
(b) tan f = =1 f = wt
R V 230
(b) Imax = = = 5.75 Amp.,
R 40
p 2p
f = 45° Þ = .t
4 T I0 = 2 (5.75) = 8.13 Amp.

T 1
Þ t= = 2.5 ´ 10-3 sec 4. w0 =
8 LC
12. Resistance of inductor R = 100W
phase difference at frequency of 1000 Hz = 45° R
5. cos f =
xL Z
tan f = =1
R Z= 2 R at half power freqeuncies
XL = R
XL = 100 Þ 2pfL = 100 R p
100 cos f = ;f=
2R 4
L= = 15.9 mH
2p ´ 1000
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 39
6. (a) Resonance frequency (b) P = VI cos f

1 1 200 1 1
fR = = = ´ ´ = 50Watt
2p LC 2p 0.12 ´ 480 ´ 10 -9 2 2 2
= 6.63 × 10 Hz 2
100 4
6. Wattless current = I sin f = ´ = 16Amp
5 5
1 L 1 0.12
(b) Q = = = 21.7
R C 23 480 ´ 10-9 220
7. (a) Irms = = 2.2Amp
100
BEGINNER'S BOX-4
(b) Net power consumed P = i2R = 2.2 × 2.2 × 100
1. P = VI cos f
= 484 Wattt
P 600 3
cos f = = = 8. V =V2 2
+V 2
VI 5 ´ 160 4 L R

2. (a) H = i2Rt V L
2
= V – VR2
2

V 25 5 VL2 = 1302 – 502 = (130 + 50) (130 – 50)

i= = = Amp
Z 2 ´5 2 = 180 × 80; VL = 120 V
2
æ 5 ö BEGINNER'S BOX-5
H= ç × 4 × 80 = 4000 J
è 2 ÷ø
1. Energy is shared equally between L and C
5 3
(b) Wattless current = I sin f = ´ =2.12 Amp
2 5 T 3T 5T
at t = , , .......
8 8 8
p
3. f=
3 T = 2p LC
X X
tan f = Þ = 3
R R p LC 3p LC 5p LC 7p LC
So t = ; ; ;
X = 3R 4 4 4 4

V 200 ´ 10 -6
Impedence Z of this circuit = = 1kW 2. (i) maximum I = Q0w =
I 2 ´ 10-3 ´ 5 ´ 10 -6
Z = X2 + R2 = 2Amp
106 = R2 + X2 Þ 106 = R2 + 3R2 (ii) Q = 200 µC
1 3 200 = 200 cos wt
R = ´ 10 = 500 W
2
wt = 0°; So current I = Q0w sin wt = 0
So = x = 3R ; X = 500 3 W (iii) Q = Q0 cos wt
(b) P = VI cos f
Q = 100 mC; Q0 = 200 µC
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\03 ALTERNATING CURRENT.P65

100 100 1
= ´ × × 10–3 = 2.5 watt 100 = 200 coswt
2 2 2
V 110 p dI
4. (a) Z = = = 22W wt = ; = Q0w2 cos wt
I 5 3 dt
p 200 ´ 10-6
(b) f = (Nature inductive) = = 104 A/s
3 2 ´ 2 ´ 10-3 ´ 5 ´ 10 -6
p 1
Power factor = cos f = cos = I0 I p
3 2 (iv) I = Þ 0 = I0 sinwt Þ wt =
5. (a) f = 60° 2 2 6
R
cos f = 3
Z So Q = Q0 cos wt = 200 × 10–6 ×
2
1 R
= Þ Z = 2R = 200W = 1.73 × 10–4C
2 Z
V æ 200 ö 1
I= =ç ÷ = Amp
Z è 2 ´ 200 ø 2
40 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) Build Up Your Understanding
1. Given that, 7. V = 120 sin (100p t) cos (100pt)
HAC = 3 HDC Q 2 sinq cosq = sin 2q
I2rms Rt = 3 (I2Rt) sin(2 ´ 100p t )
\ sin (100pt) cos (100pt) =
2
I2rms = 3I2 V = 60 sin (200p t)
Irms = 3I = 3 × 2 compare from
V = VO sin wt
Irms = 3.46 A
VO = 60 volt,
2. E = E0 cos wt
w = 200p
1 2pf = 200p
Given, E0 = 10V, t = sec., f = 50Hz
600 f = 100 Hz
1 2V0 2 2Vrms 2 2 ´ 220
E = 10 cos (2p × 50 × ) 8. Vavg = = = = 198V
600 p p 3.14
p
E = 10 cos r E= 5 3V 12. Peak voltage in primary V0 = 2 Vrms = 100 2
6
3. Q 2p (phase difference) º T(Time difference) Vs N2 Ns
= ´ Vp
T Vp N1 Þ Vs = N p
1 rad (PD) º (Time difference)
2p
Vs = 5 × 100 2 = 500 2V
p T p
So, (PD) º × (Time difference)
4 2p 4 15. XL = 2pfL
XL µ f (graph straight line)
T 1
= Þ time difference = s 1 1
8 50 ´ 8
XC = ; XC µ
or time difference = 2.5 ms. 2pfC C
4. I = 3 + 4 sin wt (graph rectangular hyperbola)
(i) square = 9 + 16 sin2wt + 24 sinwt
XL
1 16. tan f =
(ii) mean value = 9 + 16 × + 0 = 17 R
2
2p ´ 50 ´ 0.21
(iii) Root = tan f =
17 12
tan f » 5.5
(iv) Rms value = 17
Now tan 60° = 3 and 5.5 > 3
OR
I = a + b sin wt So, angle will be greater 60°.

b2 16 17. V 2 = VR2 + VC2 Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\03 ALTERNATING CURRENT.P65

\ I rms = a + 2
= 9+ = 9 + 8 = 17
2 2
(220)2 = (110)2 + VC2
6. i = i1 cos wt + i2 sin wt
Let i1 = asin f, and i2 = a cos f VC = 190 Volt.
than i = a sinf cos wt + a cos f cos wt 19. For DC. V = IR
i = a sin (f + wt)
[Q sin A cos B + sin B cos A = sin (A+B)] V 100
R= =
I 25
a
So Irms = R = 4W (Resistance of coil)
2
For AC. V = IZ
a= i12 + i22 (Q a = i12 + i22 ) Z=
V 100
= Z=5W
OR I 20
i = i1 cos wt + i2 sin wt Z2 = R2 + X2 r X2 = Z2 – R2
=5 –4
2 2

i12 + i 22 i12 + i 22 Reactance of coil X = 3W.

Imax = i12 + i 22 Þ I rms = =
2 2
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 41
V 40. Q XL = XC
24. I=
Z 1
Z = wL = 2p × 50 × 2 = 200p f= r XL = 2pfL
2p LC
V
I1 =
200p 1 L
on frequency 400 Hz XL = 2pL × =
2p LC C
Z = wL = 2p × 400 × 2
10-3
V I1 V 1600p XL = Þ XL = 10W.
I2 = ; I = × = 8 10 ´ 10-6
1600p 2 200p V
OR
I
I2 = 1 (lagging by 90° from V due to purely 1
8 At resonance, w =
inductive circuit) LC
OR w = 104 Rad/sec.
XL µ f, f becomes 8 times, so XL also becomes 8 \ XL = wL = 104 × 10–3 = 10 W
times, so current becomes 1/8 times and lagging 42. Impedance of series circuit
by 90° from V (pure inductive circuit) Z= R 2 + (X L - X C )2
\ If XL and XC are interchanged then there is no effect
on Z.
1
27. Use X c = 47. Power dissipation = VI cosf
wC
V R V2R
= V. . =
XL Z Z Z2
31. tan f =
R
Now Z= R 2 + (X L - X C )2
ì X L = wL Z = R (\ XL = XC)
ï = 2p ´ 50 ´ 0.4
40p ï
tan f = í V2 R V 2
100 ï = 40pW Power dissipations = =
ïîR = 100W R2 R

tan f = 0.4p , V0 10
V= = Þ R = 10W
f = tan–1 (0.4p) 2 2

XC 1 10 ´ 10
32. tan f = = Power dissipation = = 5 Watt.
R wRC 2 ´ 2 ´ 10
OR
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\03 ALTERNATING CURRENT.P65

1 1
= = At resonance
2p ´ 50 ´ 100 ´ 100 ´ 10 -6 p
10
I0 = =1
æ1ö 10
r f = tan ç ÷ –1

èpø
1
I rms =
dI d 2
33. VL = L =L (I sinwt)
dt dt 0
10 1
= I0wLcoswt = I0wLsin(wt + p/2) Pav = Vrms Irms = ´ = 5 Watt.
2 2
35. Use V2 = VR2 + VC2 48. At resonance, maximum power impart to circuit.
39. VL = I × XL 1 1
f= Þ 50 =
0.6 2p LC 2p 10 ´ C
I= r C = 10–6 F
2p ´ 60 ´ 10 -3
42 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
1 R
49. f= 65. Power factor cos f =
2p LC Z
For negligible power factor Þ R Low
L 5L Z high (L high)
Now L' = L + =
4 4 66. Wattless power = V I sinf ,
C 4C
C' = C – = ì 100
5 5 ïV = V
ï 2
1 1 100 100 p ï 100
f' = = Wattless power = ´ ´ sin íI = A
2p L ' C ' 5L 4C 2 2 6 ï 2
2p ´ ï p
4 5 ïf =
= 2.5 × 103 Watt î 6
1
f' = =f
2p LC R R
69. Power factor = cosf = =
Z R + X 2L
2
51. R Changed Þ Z Changed Þ I Changed
VL = I XL (Changed) 1100
cos f =
VC = I XC (Changed) 2
æ 22 7ö
VL and VC are changed by same amount (1100)2 + ç 2 ´ ´ 50 ´ ÷
è 7 2ø
So Voltage across LC combination (VL–VC )
remains same. 1100 1
= 2 2 ; cos f =
VL - VC 1 (1100) + (1100) 2
52. tan f = = = 45°
VR 1 Ldi q
76. =
VL > VC dt C
p d2q q
So current lags by L =
4 dt2 C
æ pö on comparing with F = kx
\ I = I0 cos ç wt - ÷
è 4ø 1
m~L&C~
k
53. Z= R 2 +X 2 [X = reactance]
L
if w­ than XC ¯, Z¯ So that mk =
So circuit contain resistance and capacitance C
54. VL = VC 78. Energy equally shared at time
\ XL = XC (Resonance condition) T 3T 5T
t= , , ....... at t = T /8 Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\03 ALTERNATING CURRENT.P65
V 100 8 8 8
i= = = 2A
R 50
1 2p LC p
VR = iR = 2 × 50 = 100 V t= = = LC
f ´8 8 4
V 2 = VR2 + ( VL - VC )
2
56.
1 1
79. f= =
59. Ploss = VI cosf 2p LC 2p 0.1 ´ 10 -6 ´ 0.25
Ploss 600
cos f = = 105
VI 5 ´ 160 = = 1007 Hz
99.29
cos f = 0.75
64. E = E0 sin wt 80. I = Qw sin wt

p p 60 ´ 10 -6 ´ 100
I = I0 sin (wt + ) Þ f= Imax = Qw = = 20A
2 2 3 ´ 10-4
cos f = 0 so P = 0
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 43

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

1 1 2 1 é 2
1. Use f= 7. LI = C ë V1 - V22 ùû
2p LC 2 2
R LI2 = C ( V12 - V22 )
2. PF =
C ( V12 - V22 )
Z
2
I =
Q Z= R 2 +(X L - X C )2 L
é C ( V12 - V22 ) ù
1/ 2

Z= (8) +(31 - 25) =10 W ,

2 2 I=ê ú
ë L û
8. In RL circuit
8
PF = = 0.8 XL
10 tan f =
R
4. Given e = E0 sin wt
3
i = I0 sin (wt – f) tan f =
3
So phase difference = f tanf = 1
power factor = cosf p p
tan f = tan f=
By formula 4 4
Average power (Pav) = Vrms Irms cosf V0
9. i0 = e = 200 2 sin(100t)
XC
E0 I0
= ´ cos f
2 2 i0 = V0wC ...(i)

V0 = 200 2 ; w = 100; C = 10–6F

E0 I0
= cos f i0 = 200 2 ´ 100 ´ 10 -6
2
i0 = 2 2 ´ 10-2 A

i0 2 2 ´ 10-2
6. V = 2
VR2 + ( VL - VC )
2
V i rms = =
VL–V C 2 2
2 × 10–2A = 20 mA
f
+ ( VL - VC )
2
V= VR2 1/ 2
VR æ V22 dt ö÷
T /2 T

V = VR2 VL = VC 10. Vrms

ç
=ç
ò
0
V12 dt +
T /2 ò ÷
è T ø
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\03 ALTERNATING CURRENT.P65

V = VR \ [VL – VC = 0] Here V1 = V0 and V2 = 0

given V = 220V 1/ 2 1/ 2
æ T 1ö æV ö
VR = 220V Vrms = ç V02 ´ ÷ =ç 0÷
è 2 Tø è 2 ø
V 220
i= i=
R 100 V0
Vrms =
22 2
i= i = 2.2A
10
11. XL = 20W at 50Hz
OR
Thus at 100Hz XL becomes = 40W
At resonance
Vapplied = VR Z = R2 + X 2L = 302 + 402 = 50W

Vrms 200
VR Irms = = = 4A
so I = Z 50
R
44 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
12. In case-1 15. When capacitor is filled with mica then capacitance
XC C increases so XC decreases
L is removed tan f = In case (b) XC ¯ so voltage across capacitor
R
decreases. so Va > Vb
p XC 16.
tan = ...(i)
3 R Pure resistor Resistor & Inductor (Phasor diagram)
In case-2 circuit circuit
R
XL R L f
C is removed tan f = R
R XL
Z
p XL
tan = ...(ii)
3 R AC source Impedance = Z
By equation (i) and (ii)
P ' = V.I.cos f
XL XC
= Þ XL = XC (Condition of resonance) V2 éVù
R R P= P ' = V. ê ú .cos f
R ë Zû
R
Power factor =
Z V2 R
2
Þ V = PR P' = ·
Z = R at resonance, hence P.F = 1 Z Z
i0 v0 (From phasor diagram)
i rms = v rms =
p
13. f=
2 2 3 (PR)R
P' =
Z2
1 1 1 1
i rms = = v rms = = 2
2´ 2 2 2´ 2 2 æRö
P' = ç ÷ P
Average power (Pav) = VrmsIrms cosf è Zø
1 1 æpö 1 1
Þ ´ cos ç ÷ 17. XC = = = 58.8 W
2 2 è3ø wC 340 ´ 50 ´ 10 –6

1 XL = wL = 340 × 20 × 10–3 = 6.8 W

= ´ cos(60)
4
Z = R2 + (X C - X L )2
1 1 1
= ´ = =
4 2 8 402 + (58.8 - 6.8)2 = 4304 W

2
14. æ Vrms ö Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\03 ALTERNATING CURRENT.P65
P = i 2
R= ç R
rms è Z ÷ø

~ 2
æ 10 / 2 ö
= çç ÷÷ × 40 = 50 ´ 40 = 0.47 W
Brightness of the bulb µ I è 4304 ø 4304
• decreases when an iron rod is inserted in the coil
So best answer (nearest answer) will be (1)
as impedance of circuit increases. (Z­, I¯)
18. Input voltage, V(t) = V0sinwt
• increases when frequency of the AC source is
decreased as impedance of circuit decreases. dq dV
For capacitor, I(t) = =C = wCV0 cos wt
• Increases when number of turns in the coil is reduced dt dt
as impedance of circuit decreases. Þ Current I(t) leads voltage V (t) by 90°
• increases when a capacitance of reactance Also, Capacitor does not consume any energy over
XC = XL is included in the circuit as impedance of a full cycle.
decreases.
 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 45
19. For better tuning, Q-factor must be high.

wo L 1 æLö 1 L
\ Q=
R
= ç ÷ =
LC è R ø R C

R and C should be small and L should be high.

VL - VC 100 - 40 3
20. tan f = = = or f = 37°
VR 80 4

4
Power factor = cosf = cos 37° = or 0.8
5
21. Here
XL = wL = (314) (20 ´ 10–3) = 6.280

1 1
XC = = = 31.84W
wC 314 ´ 100 ´ 10-6

R = 50W

( XC - XL ) + R2
2
Z=

= ( 31.84 - 6.28 )2 + ( 50 ) = 56W

2

2 2
æ v rms ö æ 10 ö
Þ P =ç Z ÷ R =ç ÷ ´ 50 = 0.79watt
è ø è 2 ´ 56 ø

22. Changing polarity is termed as AC.

12 12
23. Z= = 60 W and R = = 30 W
0.2 0.4
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\03 ALTERNATING CURRENT.P65
46 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding
1. When 100 V DC applied,
V2
XL = 0 (because f=0) 4. For DC R= (because XL=0)
P
From V=IZ
10×10
V = I R (Q Z = R ) R= =5W
20
V 100 For AC Ploss = VI cos f
R= =
I 1
V R
R = 100W Ploss = V× ×
Z Z
When 100 V AC applied
V=IZ V 2 ×R
Ploss =
Z2
V 100
Z= =
I 0.5 V 2 R 10 ´ 10 ´ 5
Z2 = = =
50W
Ploss 10
Z = 200W
Now Z2 = R2 + X2L Now Z2 =R2 +X 2L
X2L = Z2 – R2
50=25+X 2L Þ X L =5 W
X L = 100 3 W
5 5
and XL = wL 2pfL = 5 Þ f = =
2p L 2p ´ 10 ´ 10 -3
So wL = 100 3 f = 80 Hz

R
100 3 100 3 5. Power factor cosf =
L= = Z
w 2pf
Z = min at resoanance in LCR circuit
100 3 1
L= Þ L = 0.55 H wL = so value of Z is equal in RL & RC circuit
2p ´ 50 wC
so cosumed power P1 = P2 < P3
L
2. t = (given) 6. According to current flow capacitor is discharging.
R
So Q is decreasing & I is increasing.
R
power factor cos f = T 3T Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\03 ALTERNATING CURRENT.P65
Z 7. Current is max at time t = , .....
4 4
R 1 1
cos f = 2 2 2 = = T 1 2p LC p
R +w L 2 2
w L 1 + w 2 t2 t= = = = LC
1+ 4 f´4 4 2
R2

3. Vi = V0 sinwt 1 1
8. f= =
p 2p LC 2p 10 ´ 10 ´ 0.25 ´ 10 -6
-3

Ii = I0 sin (wt – ) = – I0 coswt

2
1
instantaneous power (P) = ViIi = Hz
p ´ 10-4
P = –V0I0 sinwt coswt

V0 I0 c
P=– sin2wt (Q 2 sinqcosq = sin2q) Now l=
2 f

So angular frequency = 2w or l =3 × 108 × p × 10–4 = 9.42 × 104 m

 ALLEN Pre-Medical : Physics 47
9. XL = 2pfL = 70p ~ 220W OR
R = 220W At resonance
Vapplied = Vresistance
\ Z= R 2 + X L2 = 220 2
20
VR = volt
X 2
tanf = L = 1 \ f = 45°
R
Z = R = 10W
V 20 2
Wattless current = Irms. sinf = sinf = = 1.41
Z \I=
2 ´ 10 2

220 1 V = IRcoil = 1.41 × 4 = 5.6 volt C

= sin 45° = = 0.5 A
220 2 2 13. Tank circuit

10. Compare V = 20 cos 2000 t from Q VC = IXC

V = V0 cos wt
1 L
20 VC= 2 × 10–3
2p ×10 × 2 × 10 –6
3
V0 = 20, w = 2000, Vrms =
2
Solve it VC ; 0.16 V
Now Z2 = R2 + (XL –XC )2
Q Total resistance R = 6 + 4 = 10W
p
XL = wL = 2000 × 5mH 14. VC lags I by angle
2
XL = 10W

1 im
XC = = 106/2000 × 50 DVC = sin(wt - p / 2)
wC wC

XC = 10W
im
\ Z2 = (10)2 + (10–10)2 DVC = - cos wt
wC
V 20
Total amount I = = = 2A
Z 2 10 p
15. VL leads I by angle
2
Now reading of voltmeter
V=IZ
VL = i m wL sin(wt + p / 2)
here Z is the impedance of lower branch
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\03 ALTERNATING CURRENT.P65

V = I R 2 + (X L - X C )2 VL = i m wL cos wt

R = Resistance of lower branch 18. I = Qwsinwt

V = 1.4 × 4 Imax = Qw
V = 5.6 volt
1.5 ´ 10 -6 ´ 60
Imax = = 0.6A
15 ´ 10-3 ´ 1.5 ´ 10 -6
48 Pre-Medical : Physics ALLEN
Solutions Electromagnetic Waves

EXERCISE-I (Conceptual Questions) Build Up Your Understanding

3. Y(x, t) = 103 sinp(3 × 106x – 9 × 1014t)

2p 2p 2
Y(x, t) = 103 sin(3p × 106x – 9p × 1014t) 4. l= ;l= = ´ 10-6 = 666 nm
k 3p ´ 106 3
w 9 p ´ 1014
speed v = = = 3 × 108 m/s
k 3 p ´ 106

EXERCISE-II (Previous Year Questions) AIPMT/NEET

N
1. Ey = 2.5 cos[(2p × 106t) – p × 10–2x] 12. E0 = CB0
C
direction + X-axis E0
E rms =
2p 2p 2
wavelength l = = = 200 m
k p ´ 10-2
Þ E rms 2 = CB0
w 2p ´ 10 6

f= = = 106 Hz
2p 2p E rms 2 6´ 2
Þ B0 = = = 2.83 × 10–8 T
4. dirction of propagation + Z-axis C 3 ´ 108
r r r r
v ® E ´ B ; v ® kˆ
13. ˆ =E
V ˆ ´B
ˆ, ˆi = ˆj ´ kˆ
r r
So that E ® ˆi ; B ® ˆj
r \ B̂ = kˆ , +z direction
6. E = 40 cos (kz – 6 × 108t) î
1 1 3 ´ 108
w w 6 ´ 108 14. v = = =
c= ; k= = = 2m–1 1.44
k c 3 ´ 108 mÎ m r Îr m0 Î0
10. To generate electromagnetic waves we need
30
accelerating charge particle. = ´ 108 = 2.5 × 108 ms–1
12
e0 220 2
11. (i d )max = (i c )max = i0 = = =2.2A
Z 1002 + 1002

As we are asked amplitude of displacement current.

So, need not worry about charge on capacitor.
Z:\NODE02\B0B0-BA\TARGET\PHY\SOLUTIONS\MODULE_5\04 EMW.P65

EXERCISE-III (Analytical Questions) Master Your Understanding

11. Distance from earth = 1.5 × 1011
c c 3 ´ 108
2. f= ; l= = = 7.5 m
l f 40 ´ 106 U 3.9 ´ 1026
I= =
A ´ t 4 p ´ 1.5 ´ 1.5 ´ 1022
E0 E 750
4. V= ; B0 = 0 = = 2.5 µT = 1.38 × 103 w/m2
B0 v 3 ´ 108

in z direction