DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Cabambangan, Villa de Bacolor 2001, Pampanga, Philippines AND ARCHITECTURE

Tel. No. (6345) 458 0021; Fax (6345) 458 0021 Local 211 DHVSU Main Campus, Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga E-
URL: http://dhvsu.edu.ph
Mail Address: [email protected]
PSD 323: Principles of Steel Design

Module 6: Shear Strength of Structural Members (ASD and LRFD)

I. Course Objectives:

1. The students will be able to familiarize the general consideration of code designs and
introduce the concept of analyzing and designing shear strength of structural members
particularly in beams.

2. Course Outline:
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The General and Average Shear Stress
6.3 NSCP 2015 Section 507: Design of Members for Shear
6.4 Sample Problems

II. Learning Content:

6.1 INTRODUCTION:
Long beams usually are governed by deflection of beams while medium length beams are usually
governed by flexural stress. On the other hand, short beams are usually governed by shear.There
are 2 types of shear acting on beams.: Transverse shear and Longitudinal Shear.

a. Transverse shear . There is a tendency of the left section of

the beam to slide upward with respect to the right section of
the beam. But this type of shear failure will not occur in steel
beams because web crippling will occur first before shear
occurs.

Figure 6.1
b. Longitudinal Shear. As the member bends, shear
stresses occur because of the changes in length of
its longitudinal fibers. For positive bending, the
lower fibers are streched and the upper fibers are
shortened, while somewhere in between there is
neutral axis where the fibers do not change in
length. Due to this deformations, there is a
tendency to slip on the fiber above or below it.
Maximum longitudinal shear usually occurs at the
neutral axis.
Figure 6.2

6.2 The General and Average Shear Stress

The applied loading on a beam results in a shear force V on the beam. Provided that the stresses
produced in the beam are within the elastic limit, the shear stress produced at a specific level in
the cross section of a member is given by the expression;
fv = VQ/Ib – (General Shear Stress)
where V = applied shear force on the section
Q = statical moment of the area, above the level considered, about the neutral
axis of the section
I = moment of inertia of the section
b = width of section at the level considered
 DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Cabambangan, Villa de Bacolor 2001, Pampanga, Philippines AND ARCHITECTURE
Tel. No. (6345) 458 0021; Fax (6345) 458 0021 Local 211 DHVSU Main Campus, Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga E-
URL: http://dhvsu.edu.ph
Mail Address: [email protected]

The plot of this expression over the height of a W-section is shown in Fig. 6.3. It shows the variation
in shear stresses across the cross section of an I-shaped member and the maximum shear stress
occurs at the neutral axis of the section. Most of the shear capacity of the section is provided by
the web of the W-section with only a small portion provided by the flanges.

It is customary in design to assume that the applied shear force is resisted by an area equal to the
product of the depth of the beam and the thickness of the web. This gives a uniform shear stress
over the depth of the beam of;

f v = V/Aw (Average Shear Stress)

where Aw = dtw

d = overall depth of the beam

tw = web thickness

Figure 6.3

6.3 NSCP 2015 SECTION 507: DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR SHEAR

𝑽𝒏
The design shear strength, 𝚽𝒗 𝑽𝒏 , and the allowable shear strength, , shall be determined as
𝛀𝒗
follows.

For all provisions in this section except Section 507.2.1 (1):

𝚽𝒗 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟎 𝐿𝑅𝐹𝐷; 𝛀𝒗 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟕 𝐴𝑆𝐷
507.2 Members with Unstiffened or Stiffened Webs

507.2.1 Nominal Shear Strength

This section applies to webs of singly or doubly symmetric members and channels subject to shear
in the plane of the web.

The nominal shear strength, 𝑽𝒏 , of unstiffened or stiffened webs, according to limits states of shear
yielding and shear buckling, is

𝑽𝒏 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝑭𝒚 𝑨𝒘 𝑪𝒗

1. For Webs of rolled I-shaped members

𝒉 𝑬
With 𝒕 ≤ 𝟐. 𝟐𝟒√
𝒘 𝑭 𝒚

𝚽𝒗 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟎 𝐿𝑅𝐹𝐷; 𝛀𝒗 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟎 𝐴𝑆𝐷 and 𝑪𝒗 = 𝟏. 𝟎

2. For webs of all other doubly symmetric shapes and singly symmetric shapes and channels, except
round HSS, the web shear coefficient, 𝑪𝒗 , is determined as follows:

𝒉 𝒗 𝒌 𝑬
a. For 𝒕 ≤ 𝟏. 𝟏𝟎 √ 𝑭𝒚
𝒘

𝑪𝒗 = 𝟏. 𝟎
 DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Cabambangan, Villa de Bacolor 2001, Pampanga, Philippines AND ARCHITECTURE
Tel. No. (6345) 458 0021; Fax (6345) 458 0021 Local 211 DHVSU Main Campus, Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga E-
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Mail Address: [email protected]

𝒌𝒗 𝑬 𝒉 𝒌 𝑬
b. For 𝟏. 𝟏𝟎 √ < 𝒕 ≤ 𝟏. 𝟑𝟕√ 𝑭𝒗
𝑭𝒚 𝒘 𝒚

𝒌 𝑬
𝟏. 𝟏𝟎 √ 𝒗
𝑭𝒚
𝑪𝒗 =
𝒉
𝒕𝒘

𝒉 𝒌 𝑬
c. For
𝒕𝒘
> 𝟏. 𝟑𝟕√ 𝑭𝒗
𝒚

𝟏. 𝟓𝟏𝑬𝒌𝒗
𝑪𝒗 =
𝒉 𝟐
( ) 𝑭𝒚
𝒕𝒘

Where
𝑨𝒘 = 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑒𝑏 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝒅𝒕𝒘 𝑚𝑚2

The web plate buckling coefficient, 𝒌𝒗 is determined as follows:

𝒉
a. For unstiffened webs with
𝒕𝒘
< 𝟐𝟔𝟎, 𝒌𝒗 = 𝟓 except for the stem of tee shapes where 𝒌𝒗 = 𝟏. 𝟐

b. For stiffened webs,

𝟓
𝒌𝒗 = 𝟓 +
𝒂 𝟐
( )
𝒉

𝒂 𝒂 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝟐
= 𝟓 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 > 𝟑. 𝟎 𝑜𝑟 > ( )
𝒉 𝒉 𝒉
𝒕𝒘

6.4 Sample Problems

1. Shear Stress
A W18 x 50 beam, with a yield stress of 345 MPa, is simply supported over a span of 5 meters. The
beam supports a uniformly distributed load of 12 kN/m that includes the self-weight of the beam.
The beam is laterally braced at the supports and at the third points of the span. Determine the
maximum shear stress and the average shear stress in the beam.
 DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Cabambangan, Villa de Bacolor 2001, Pampanga, Philippines AND ARCHITECTURE
Tel. No. (6345) 458 0021; Fax (6345) 458 0021 Local 211 DHVSU Main Campus, Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga E-
URL: http://dhvsu.edu.ph
Mail Address: [email protected]

2. Web Yielding

Shear Capacity
A W18 x 50 beam, with a yield stress of 345MPa, is simply supported over a span of 6 meters. The
beam supports a uniformly distributed dead load of wD = 20 kN/m, that includes the self-weight of
the beam, and a uniformly distributed live load of wL = 27 kN/m. The beam is laterally braced at the
supports and at the third points of the span. Determine if the beam is adequate for shear.

Properties:
 DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Cabambangan, Villa de Bacolor 2001, Pampanga, Philippines AND ARCHITECTURE
Tel. No. (6345) 458 0021; Fax (6345) 458 0021 Local 211 DHVSU Main Campus, Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga E-
URL: http://dhvsu.edu.ph
Mail Address: [email protected]

3. Inelastic Buckling:

A BW 450 x 55 beam, with a yield stress of 414 MPa, is simply supported over a span of 8 meters. The
beam supports a uniformly distributed dead load of w D = 20.2 kN/m, that includes the self-weight of
the beam, and a uniformly distributed live load of w L = 43.5 kN/m. It also carries two equal deadloads
of 150 kN position at third points of beam. Adequate lateral support is provided to the beam.
Determine if the beam is satisfactory for shear.

Properties of BW 450 x 55
A = 7010 mm2
H = 600 mm
tw = 10 mm
tf = 12 mm
 DON HONORIO VENTURA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Cabambangan, Villa de Bacolor 2001, Pampanga, Philippines AND ARCHITECTURE
Tel. No. (6345) 458 0021; Fax (6345) 458 0021 Local 211 DHVSU Main Campus, Villa de Bacolor, Pampanga E-
URL: http://dhvsu.edu.ph
Mail Address: [email protected]

4. Elastic Buckling:
A welded plate girder has a depth of 1612.5 mm, bf = 400, tf = 31.25 and tw = 16 mm with a yield
stress of 276 MPa. It carries a factored uniform deadload load of 62.18 kN/m and two concentrated
service dead loads of 357 kN at third points of the beam. The simply supported beam is 15 m.
Adequate lateral support is provided to the beam. Determine if the beam is adequate for shear.

IV. REFERENCES

1. Steel Structures Design and Behaviour by Charles G. Salmon & John E. Johnson
2. Structural Steel Design 5th Ed. By Jack C. McCormac & Stephen F. Csernak

3. National Structural Code of the Philippines (Chapter 5: Steel Structures) 2015 (Buildings, Towers
& other Vertical Structures).
4. American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) specifications.