Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

7 Zest for Progress

Z Peal of artnership

MATHEMATICS
4 QUARTER – Module 8:
th

STATISTICS

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Name of School: ___________________________
Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 - Module 8: Title: Statistics
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Zorina F. Piňero
Editors: Haifa D. Ternida
Abdurauf J. Baldomero
Layout Artist: Francis Michael E. Francisco
Reviewers: EPS, Mathematics Vilma A. Brown, Ed. D.
Principal Salvador C. Bucoy, LMD
Management Team: SDS Roy C. Tuballa, EMD, JD, CESO VI
ASDS Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI
ASDS Norma T. Francisco, DM, CESE
EPS Mathematics Vilma A. Brown, Ed. D.
EPS LRMS Aida F. Coyme, Ed. D.

Printed in the Philippines

Department of Education – Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Office Address: Tiguma, Airport Road, Pagadian City
Telefax: (062) – 215 – 3751; 991 – 5975
E-mail Address: [email protected]

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Introductory Message
This Self – Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue
your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and
discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-step as you
discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell
you if you can proceed on completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or your
teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you
need to answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, notes to the Teacher are also provided to our
facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your
home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use
a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully
before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

What I Need to Know

This module was written as an aid in the basic statistics lesson of the fourth quarter of
Grade 7-Mathematics. The module follows a step-by-step approach to computational statistics
supported by examples and exercises. It covers the key concepts of statistical measures.
This module was designed to cater the academic needs of diverse learners in
achieving and improving the twin goals of mathematics in basic education levels which are
critical thinking and problem solving. The language used recognizes the vocabulary level of
grade 7 students. The lessons followed a developmentally sequenced teaching and learning
processes to meet the curriculum requirement.
After going through the module, you are expected to:
• Use appropriate statistical measures in analyzing and interpreting statistical data
(M7SP-IVj-1); and
• Draws conclusions from graphic and tabular data and measures of central
tendency and variability. (M7SP-IVj-2)

What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.
1. Which of the following refers to the branch of mathematics concerned with the techniques
by which information is collected, organized, analyzed and interpreted?
A. Geometry B. Algebra C. Statistics D. Trigonometry

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2. It is the average of sets of numbers ___.
A. Median B. Mean C. Mode D. Number
3. It is a graph which uses horizontal or vertical bars to represent information, making a direct
visual comparison of data ___.
A. Line graph B. Bar graph C. Circle graph D. Pictograph
4. Which measure of variability is considered most reliable?
A. Range C. Average deviation
B. Variance D. Standard Deviation
5. What is the median age of a group of employees whose ages are 36, 38, 28, 30, 26 and
25 years?
A. 25 B. 26 C. 29 D. 30

What’s In
Directions: Study the data below and answer the questions that follow.
The data shows the Math quiz scores of 20 grade 7 students.
5, 10, 9, 6, 6, 8, 8, 10, 7, 7, 5, 9, 6, 7, 7, 8, 8,7, 7, 6
1. What measure of central tendency is applicable to know what is the frequent score?
2. What measure of central tendency can be applied to get the general average of a student
quiz scores?
3. What measure of variability is used to find the difference between the highest and the
lowest values in a data set?
4. What is the median score of the data set?
5. What is the standard deviation of the set of data?

What’s New
Directions: Study the data set below and answer the question that follows.
The data below shows the math grades of two groups of students.
GROUP 1 GROUP 2
80, 81, 83, 83, 83, 83, 85, 86 70, 70, 80, 81, 81, 88, 95, 99
QUESTION: Solve for the standard deviation then tell which group performed better?

LESSON 1 Data

What is It
ANALYZING DATA
To analyze and interpret data, we often use the following statistical measures:
a. Measures of Central Tendency (Mean, Median, and Mode)
b. Measures of Variability (Range, Variance, and Standard Deviation)

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 STATISTICAL
DESCRIPTION
MEASURES
Mean is the average or the sum of numbers in a data set divided by the
Mean total number of values in the data set. Mean is the balance point of a
distribution.
Median is the number that falls in the middle position or the midpoint value
of a set of data where the values are arranged from smallest to largest or
Median
vice versa. If there are two middle values, find the mean of the two middle
values.
Mode Mode is simply the value that appears most frequently in the set of data.
Range Range is the difference between the largest value and the smallest value.
Variance is the mean squared deviation of the data set, meaning it is the
Variance
sum of the squared deviation of the mean divided by the total population.
Standard
Standard deviation is the square root of the variance.
Deviation

ANALYSIS OF DATA
Analysis of data is usually done after all information has been collected,
organized and presented as a frequency distribution and the measures of
central tendency (mean, median and mode) have been computed.

METHODS / TIPS IN ANALYZING, INTERPRETING AND PRESENTING DATA

1. Develop a list of questions to keep you focused on the task.
2. Organize, summarize and manipulate data.
3. Format should maximize clarity and impact.
4. Label, refer to and explain all data in text.
5. Signal analysis and interpretation to the reader.

In this lesson we will be looking for the MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE, RANGE and
STANDARD DEVIATION and we will describe the distribution using numbers.

MEASURE OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

SITUATION 1
A sales manager in a consumer electronic company is planning to promote one of his
two top salesmen to a supervisory position. To help determine who has a better performance,
the sales manager made a table and compared their sales profile over the last 7 months.
MONTH January February March April May June July TOTAL
Salesman A 9 11 7 7 5 39 6 84
Salesman B 10 12 12 10 11 12 12 79

ANALYSIS
STATISTICAL
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
MEASURES
If we compute the mean of both salesmen, we will have,
𝟗+𝟏𝟏+𝟕+𝟕+𝟓+𝟑𝟗+𝟔 𝟖𝟒
̅=
SALESMAN A: 𝒙 = = 𝟏𝟐
Mean 𝟕 𝟕
𝟏𝟎+𝟏𝟐+𝟏𝟐+𝟏𝟎+𝟏𝟏+𝟏𝟐+𝟏𝟐 𝟕𝟗
̅=
SALESMAN B: 𝒙 = = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟐𝟖 𝒐𝒓 𝟏𝟏
𝟕 𝟕

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 As we can see, Salesman A still has an edge with an average sale of
12 computers per month, while salesman B only has an average of 11
computers per month.
However, based on the given table, Salesman B seems to be a better
salesman in terms of consistent performance because he sold 12
Mode
computers more frequently which can be seen in their modes.
SALESMAN A: 𝒙 ̂=𝟕 SALESMAN B: 𝒙 ̂ = 𝟏𝟐
If we find the median of both salesmen, we will have,
Median SALESMAN A: 5, 6, 7, 7, 9, 11, 39 so the median is 7
SALESMAN B: 10, 10, 11, 12, 12, 12, 12 so the median is 12
If we summarize the three measures of central tendency, we will have,
Mean Median Mode
Summary
Salesman A 12 7 7
Salesman B 11 12 12
We can conclude that Salesman B will be promoted although his mean
is less than that of salesman A. Salesman A has a mean of 12 only
Conclusion
because of his very high output for the month of June which is 39. On
the other hand, salesman B consistently sold 11 or 12 computers.

What’s More
Directions: Represent the following data in a table and answer the following questions.
DATA: List of students’ score/s in the last test.
Amy-90, Bill-95, Jay-100, Lisa-100 and Mary-80
1. What is the Range in the data? 4. What is the highest frequency score?
2. How many score/s below 100? 5. What is the less spread in the data?
3. What is the most frequent score/s?

What I Have Learned

Directions: Read the problem carefully and answer the question that follows.

SITUATION MEMBERS WAGES

Editorial-in-Chief 20,000
The editorial department of Supervising Editor 18,500
the publishing house consists of 8 Assistant to the Editor 17,500
members whose wages (in pesos) Editorial Assistant II 14,500
are given in the table. Editorial Assistant I 14,000
Artist 12,000
Encoder II 10,000
Encoder I 9,000

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QUESTION
1. Which of the three measures of central tendency is the most appropriate tool to describe
the wages in the publishing house? (Show complete solutions)

What’s In
Directions: Study the graph and answer the questions that follow.
1. How would you describe the shape of the distribution,
skewed left or skewed right?
2. Mark the approximate location of the mean and median.
3. Which inequality symbol (˃, ˂, or ≈) will make the statement
correct in relation to the graph? Mean _____ Median
4. Which is the “best” measure of central tendency (mean or
median) to be used in describing the graph?

What’s New
Directions: Study the graph and answer the questions that follow.
A classroom of students each tossed a coin 16 times and recorded how many times
their coin landed on heads. The results for the class are shown below.
1. Approximately what is the mean?

2. Approximately what is the median?

3. What would happen to the mean if

several students reported getting 16
heads?

LESSON 2 STATISTICS

What is It
STATISTICS
Statistic is a form of mathematical analysis that uses qualified models, representations
and plan for a given set of experimental data.
In this lesson we will be looking for the MEAN, MEDIAN, MODE, RANGE and
STANDARD DEVIATION and we will describe the distribution using graphs.

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Skewed Right (Positively Skewed) - The mode is in the peak of
distribution (left of center), median is in the center of distribution,
mean is in the right tail of distribution.

Skewed Left (Negatively Skewed) – The mode is in the peak of

distribution (right of center), median is in the center of distribution,
mean is in the left tail of distribution.

Symmetrical Distribution – Mean, Median and Mode are all in

the same location in the distribution.

Outlier – when a data point is detached from the main cluster of

data

Frequency Distribution is a representation, either in a graphical or tabular format that

displays the number of observations within a given interval.

MEASURE OF VARIABILITY
A measure of variability is a summary statistic that represents the amount of dispersion
in a dataset. To find the measure of variability, find the value that will describe the spread of
the set of data or the distance of the data from the mean.
The Variability or dispersion of a variable is often important in practice. For instance,
packaged food producers want to put a consistent amount of product into each package. The
variability in a stock’s price is important in pricing stock options.
There are many measures of variability, let’s start with the simple one the Range.
Consider this sample of 6 observations: 60, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95.
Range = 95 – 60 = 35
The range is pretty easy to calculate and interpret but is not a great measure of
variability the range doesn’t tell us anything about the spread of the values between the
maximum and the minimum.
Another measure of variability is the standard
deviation. What does the Standard Deviation even tell us?
The Standard Deviation tells us how close the values in
the data set are to the Mean. For example, a small
standard deviation indicates a small amount of variability
for a given data set, in other words there will be a lot of
values that closer to the mean which makes the
distribution less spread out.
In contrast, a high standard deviation indicates a high
amount of variability for a given data set, in other words there
will be a lot more values that are farther from the mean which
makes the distribution more spread out.
We can conclude that the variance is the average squared distance from the mean. The
unit of the variance or the squared of the unit of the variable, so if we are taking measurement
in meters then the variance unit of measure is squared, to get back to the same unit of the
variable, we often take the square root of the variance.

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SITUATION 1
In an interview for a job the owner of the company tells you they have 17 employees
and the average salary is Php 50,000.00. The owner gives you a handout with the information
below and you examine it carefully.

Salaries (1000Php): 29, 31, 35,38,38,38,41,42,42,43,51,51,52,61,69,79,110

ANALYSIS
STATISTICAL
ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
MEASURES
If we compute the mean of the salaries, we will have,
Mean 𝟖𝟓𝟎,𝟎𝟎𝟎
̅=
𝒙 = 𝟓𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟕
Since the data is already arranged in increasing order and there are odd
Median
number of data, the median is 42, 000
Mode 38, 000 is the mode since it repeated three (3) times in the data set.
Graph The graph is right skewed.
1. What did you notice about the salaries?
- Most of the salaries fall around 30, 000 to 40, 000.
2. Is the owner telling the truth?
Guide
- Yes
Questions
3. What statistic would be more accurate than the mean in describing the
“average” employee’s salaries?
- Median

What I Can Do
Directions: Study the histogram and find indicated statistical measure.
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Range
e. Standard Deviation

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 Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter that corresponds to your answer.

1. If two or more measures appear the same number of times, then each value is ___.
a. Mean b. Median c. Mode d. Range
2. The measure of variation based on measuring how far each data value deviates or is
different from the mean is ___.
a. Range b. Standard Deviation c. Median d. Mean
3. The difference between the highest and lowest values in a set of data is ___
a. Range b. Mean c. Median d. Mode
4. The range, variance and standard deviation are ___
a. Measure of space c. measure of distance
b. Measure of variability d. Measure of central tendency
5. The middle number in an ordered set of data is ___
a. Mean b. Median c. Mode d. Range
6. A value that lies outside the given data set is ___
a. Right Skewed c. Outlier
b. Left Skewed d. Symmetric
7. Which of the following has a smaller spread of values?
a. b. c. d.

8. If the data is roughly symmetric, the best measure of the center is the ___ .
a. Mean b. Median c. Mode d. Range
9. Which distribution occurs when the mean, median, and mode are in the same location?
a. Right Skewed c. Outlier
b. Left Skewed d. Symmetric
10. It helps find the middle or the average of a data set.
a. measure of central tendency c. Measure of variability
b. Measure of spread d. Measure of shape

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Textbook for fourth year.
Julieta G. Bernabe, Cecile M. De Leon, Advance Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics
Emmanuael P. Abuzo, Integrated Mathematics Textbook for first year
References:
Assessment:
1. c 2.b 3. a 4. b 5. b 6. c 7. b 8.b 9. d 10.a
What I Can Do:
a. 4 b. 4 c. no mode d. 6 e. 2.3
What I Have Learned:
Mean, since it uses all the data and best represents the average wages.
115,500
𝑥ҧ = 8
= 14, 437.50
What’s More:
1. 20 2. 3 3. 100 4. 100 5. 80
LESSON 1 What’s New:
a. group 1 performed better, since its standard deviation is 1.80 which is less than the
standard deviation of group 2 which is 10.6. It only shows that the scores of group 1 is
closer to the mean than the group 2.
LESSON 2 What’s New:
1. Mean is 8 2. Median is 8 3. The Mean would increase
Lesson 2 What’s In: Lesson 1 What’s In:
1. skewed right 1. Mode 3. Range 5. 1.42
2. Mean 4. 7
2.
3. >
4. Median
What I Know:
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C
Answer Key
 I AM A FILIPINO
by Carlos P. Romulo
I am a Filipino – inheritor of a glorious past, hostage to the It is the mark of my manhood, the symbol of my dignity as
uncertain future. As such, I must prove equal to a two-fold a human being. Like the seeds that were once buried in the
task – the task of meeting my responsibility to the past, and tomb of Tutankhamen many thousands of years ago, it shall
the task of performing my obligation to the future. grow and flower and bear fruit again. It is the insigne of my
I am sprung from a hardy race – child many generations race, and my generation is but a stage in the unending
removed of ancient Malayan pioneers. Across the centuries, search of my people for freedom and happiness.
the memory comes rushing back to me: of brown-skinned I am a Filipino, child of the marriage of the East and the
men putting out to sea in ships that were as frail as their hearts West. The East, with its languor and mysticism, its passivity
were stout. Over the sea I see them come, borne upon the and endurance, was my mother, and my sire was the West
billowing wave and the whistling wind, carried upon the that came thundering across the seas with the Cross and
mighty swell of hope – hope in the free abundance of the new Sword and the Machine. I am of the East, an eager
land that was to be their home and their children’s forever. participant in its struggles for liberation from the imperialist
This is the land they sought and found. Every inch of shore yoke. But I know also that the East must awake from its
that their eyes first set upon, every hill and mountain that centuried sleep, shake off the lethargy that has bound its
beckoned to them with a green and purple invitation, every limbs, and start moving where destiny awaits.
mile of rolling plain that their view encompassed, every river For I, too, am of the West, and the vigorous peoples of the
and lake that promised a plentiful living and the fruitfulness West have destroyed forever the peace and quiet that once
of commerce, is a hollowed spot to me. were ours. I can no longer live, a being apart from those
By the strength of their hearts and hands, by every right of whose world now trembles to the roar of bomb and cannon
law, human and divine, this land and all the appurtenances shot. For no man and no nation is an island, but a part of the
thereof – the black and fertile soil, the seas and lakes and main, and there is no longer any East and West – only
rivers teeming with fish, the forests with their inexhaustible individuals and nations making those momentous choices
wealth in wild and timber, the mountains with their bowels that are the hinges upon which history revolves. At the
swollen with minerals – the whole of this rich and happy land vanguard of progress in this part of the world I stand – a
has been for centuries without number, the land of my forlorn figure in the eyes of some, but not one defeated and
fathers. This land I received in trust from them, and in trust lost. For through the thick, interlacing branches of habit and
will pass it to my children, and so on until the world is no custom above me I have seen the light of the sun, and I
more. know that it is good. I have seen the light of justice and
I am a Filipino. In my blood runs the immortal seed of heroes equality and freedom, my heart has been lifted by the vision
– seed that flowered down the centuries in deeds of courage of democracy, and I shall not rest until my land and my
and defiance. In my veins yet pulses the same hot blood that people shall have been blessed by these, beyond the power
sent Lapulapu to battle against the alien foe, that drove Diego of any man or nation to subvert or destroy.
Silang and Dagohoy into rebellion against the foreign I am a Filipino, and this is my inheritance. What pledge
oppressor. shall I give that I may prove worthy of my inheritance? I
That seed is immortal. It is the self-same seed that flowered shall give the pledge that has come ringing down the
in the heart of Jose Rizal that morning in Bagumbayan when corridors of the centuries, and it shall be compounded of the
a volley of shots put an end to all that was mortal of him and joyous cries of my Malayan forebears when first they saw
made his spirit deathless forever; the same that flowered in the contours of this land loom before their eyes, of the battle
the hearts of Bonifacio in Balintawak, of Gregorio del Pilar cries that have resounded in every field of combat from
at Tirad Pass, of Antonio Luna at Calumpit, that bloomed in Mactan to Tirad Pass, of the voices of my people when they
flowers of frustration in the sad heart of Emilio Aguinaldo at sing:
Palanan, and yet burst forth royally again in the proud heart “I am a Filipino born to freedom, and I shall not rest until
of Manuel L. Quezon when he stood at last on the threshold freedom shall have been added unto my inheritance—for
of ancient Malacanang Palace, in the symbolic act of myself and my children and my children’s children—
possession and racial vindication. The seed I bear within me forever.”
is an immortal seed.

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