Basics of switching converters

Smitch

· -
I +

b ·
+
>
-

Vo RL R2
Us
I
I>
-

---

VoCHM

I
Us

T IT
closed
open

t
-
O I
+T
-
D t

period
T

. time

D-Duty Ratio

Vo :
I ↑ W(πdE = V

to t
Di
to to
top
=
=
 Buck converter

We

·
- -

---m i
↓

It eB
+
-

b
>
-

·
is
Vo
ex -

I T -

Switch closed Switch open

Va Vo
E VS-Vo
-
=
=

Termie
-

-us
d wi
-3

of
t I 7) t

Us

- no
-

-
I
I# (
& Current
Examin inductor voltage

Properties
-

current periodic
in Inductor

it +
T)
((t =

inductor voltage
is 200 &
averag
2)
Average
current
capacitor

3) Pont
Pin =

Pin Port + P Cronvideal)

:
losses
 Assumptions
-
:

State
Steady
1 .

continuous
.
2 Inductor
current always

infinitely large
. Output voltages is
is
-
3 Cap .

Constant

ideal
4 All components
an .

Aanalysis
--
:

current
inductor voltage
.

Examing
Switch closed

e =
Vs-vo =
di L

-
die
-

dt
I
-Vo
>
-

Current increases linearly

-
DT-ON
② Die
Vs-V
: - =
-
(1 DST
-
- Off
Dy L

EUSD
A
In closed :
Vo
Di
 Switch open
-

On = O =
L di
dt

2 open 24 D)
-
-

T
=

on
to +
C in
closed (2) open toff
= O

Po = USD
E

O ·
C +
L a

I
- -

#e
Vs-Vo

DT

-
Vo &
↑

i
a ~

i -I
L

L
.I
L
man E

-IR +
d 1 -

- ---
I t = O
- - ↑
Lin
- -
--
Es
-
-
1
- +
I
- -

--

I / - -

continuous operation
Inductanc required
-
For
-
-

I = IR
-

t I In -
sin
Lirzin
2
V
I

-
O

t([HDST) = 0
 m

-min = O
-- Frequency
↳ f) = R
~
T L
min
-

L
min =

↳
25 % Imin
q

Eductor cent Lak pleak.

[EoJST
Vo DVs
sin
:
:

2 :
D
Output Ripple voltage
>
- Initial assumption was
infinitely large
capacitor
-

Ic =
IR
in =
i-IR
in

·
a

I
 insi
Exc
sa : =

8t

-Vo :
Ein A =
CAV
:

T 84

(
VolD)
-

+
Al =

e
① Vo :

#D) 2

S2/
A Vo c
=
&
-
=
E
Vo 8LCf

series
Capacitance with
equivalent -
-
-
-

resistance (ES)
-

-
~

* Vo
+ DV- F
A Vo C I
e . FR
E

-
-
-

I se a
C

A Vo I DVo ESR
-
-
,

Wa
- equivalent
Benies
desistance

Buek anverter with two

current)
(low voltage high
MosFETs
ynchron
S
.

- rectificati

-&
-
 Bost Green

than input
larger
-

- output voltage
- sam assumptions & Properties
as
before

inducter
current &
voltage .

>
-
Analyze in

on is

-33
t
- I
2

↓
-

>
-
i
L
f
I ↓ in
t

I
Q#
V Vo
· - -

I -

Switch closed
O

-ourI motier
-

↓ in ic =

i = Vs =

L die

sin-v e

(in) closed =
VBT
Switch open
v = S To
Vo-I T

#O
-E
t
t
tic
-

Vs
-. -

U = Vs - Vo =

di -

indopen : (1
↳ -D)

CALLS Loved (sinSopen = 0

Us
Vo =
(1 D)
-

inductor current
Avenage
:

- -
--

Pin =
Po
2

Po :

Y =
Voo

Pin =
is E
12
-

=
Us In
R

En =

DFR
in in
sin

ale
a

I
Imax
- - -

↑ -X
n

In
Irvin
↓
- - -
......

DT t --
X-DT
f>
- t
- - - -

Imax In AiL
-3
: +
D
2

Imin :
I, sie

=
L-
z
gp-vsi
Im in
= 0

P
inductance
Lain =
Minimum

required tar
current
Continuous

operation

output voltage ple

-

·
in
d
I

-
- I -
-
I
-
DT CAV
IAQI =
= O
 Avo #
- I
RCF
V

Converten
Bunk- Bookt

smaller
he larger
or

Output
>
- can

is
-

--
I H-

-it
I
- -

B
-

!
t ↳
T
t
↓ Vo

Vs in un

L
-

Switch closed
revere
based
- Diode

Vs L di
④= =

↳ if
closed :
Switch open
-

V = Vo :
↳ din
d

(Ain
open
:

VoD
 [x[Scosed +) s ic]
open
: O

-
-

V -
=
V
S
A
②

(I -

D)

Bootst anverter
D > -
0 5

DC05 Buck Converter

On in I may

N a

=
I

I-
Vs ↓
-

I -

X i

I
L --
-

&

~
I
min 1 t
(
-
> -
E

Vo . . . .

inductor current
Average
Pin = Pout

VsEs
vol
=
R
2

Vs END = o
R

I =
(1 -
D) R
-
Did

Pretrie
trax : In +
I

Imin : In -

I I
B
L -

Ds R zL
 O
Imin =

Livin =

I
Ripple
-
-

i
C

Tsas
Vo/R - -
↑
Avo =
I
T RCF
O

AVo
,
ESR =
ALW : Ermax We
.

Cuk conventers
- -

- Li ic
-
,
+

I -
Va
,

-
L
2

bin t zer
-

H
#
>
-

ine
-

I
↑
i

-I -

Vo : -Vs (f)
Li C
.
) closed & [c
open
.
Switch closed
-
-

Farlize
jan
I
L c

i
-i
-

I ↑
2[a )
,
closed
= -

Fre
open
Lia open = I2 ,

current is Zero
capacitor
Average

I4 (ID)T 0
Ice DT
+ =
- ,

Vs IL
Power

,
in =

=
-
Power

VoIrz
out

-
Vo : -Vs (Ex)
Output sippl

* AD f
Ripple

arc
= En dct
,

= [e
Ove
of
=

sir ,
sire ,

Gmin =

ise ↳, min
:

"
 Forward Gurenter

review :
Transformer

Ni N2 i
2
>
-

M
Ni

-&
-

,
>
+
-
~
④
#
i
⑳

I = Nz
v
v

i
,
N
I ,
-

N2
-

- -

Practical model

·
-