ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS Rg.

2019 - 2021

PREFACE

In this chapter, following the pattern of our study of translational motion, we

consider the causes of rotational, a subject called rational dynamics. We continue this

analysis and extend it to situations in which the axis of rotation may not be fixed in an

inertial reference frame. We also introduce angular momentum and show its importance

as a dynamical property of rotations.

This booklet consists of summarized text coupled with sufficient number of solved

examples of varying difficulties, which enables the students to develop problem solving

ability along with emphasis on physical concept.

The end–of–chapter problems are categorized into four section, namely Exercise–I

(objectives where only one of the option is correct), Exercise–II (objectives where more than

one option may be correct), Exercise–III (matrix matches and paragraph type questions),

Exercise–IV (subjective questions), to help the student assess his understanding of the concept

and further improvise on his problem solving skills. Solutions to all the questions in the booklet

are available and will be provided to the students (at the discretion of the professor). Every

possible attempt has been made to make the booklet flawless. Any suggestions for the

improvement of the booklet would be gratefully accepted and acknowledged.

(Dept. of Physics)

IIT –ian’s PACE

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IIT–JEE SYLLABUS

Rigid body, moment of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, moment of inertia of uniform
bodies with simple geometrical shapes; Angular momentum; Torque; Conservation of angular momentum;
Dynamics of rigid bodies with fixed axis of rotation; Rolling without slipping of rings, cylinders and
spheres; Equilibrium of rigid bodies; Collision of point masses with rigid bodies.

CONTENTS

SR. NO. TITLE PAGE


1. ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS THEORY 1 – 20

2. ILLUSTRATIONS 20 – 30

3. QUESTIONS TO PONDER 31 – 32

4. SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 33 – 36

5. EXERCISE # I 37 – 47

6. EXERCISE # II 48 – 51

7. EXERCISE # III 52 – 54

8. EXERCISE # IV 54 – 54

9. EXERCISE # V 55 – 64

10. WINDOW TO IIT-JEE 65 – 70

11. ANSWER KEY 71 – 74

ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS : Tentative Lecture Flow
(Board Syllabus & Booklet Discussion Included)
Lecture no.1 Moment of inertia (definition), Torque equation, derivation of M.I. of different
structures. Parallel & perpendicular axis theorems
Lecture no.2 K.E. of a rotating body, connected bodies, constraint relation, Rigid body theorem.
Lecture no.3 Concept of toppling, rolling direction of friction on a rolling body. Body rolling down
an incline, rolling on horizontal surface, rolling on an accelerating trunk.
Lecture no.4 Angular momentum, Calculation of L of a body about different points.
Lecture no.5 Conservation of L for two colliding bodies (Say between a point mass and a thin rod)
Lecture no.6 Instantaneous axis of rotation, solved examples
Lecture no.7 Miscellaneous solved examples

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THEORY
• Torque

Torque of a force about a point is defined as   r  F . In terms of magnitude, we defined torque
as the product of force and force arm. Force arm is the perpendicular distance from the axis to the
line of action of force.
  
Also,   r  F = rF sin  = F (r sin ) = force × force arm.
The direction of torque can be inferred from the nut and spanner imagery described below.
When you have to find the direction of torque, then you proceed like this. Imagine a nut kept at the
point about which the torque is to be found.

////////////////////////////////////////
T1
T1 T2 Nut
C C
Spanner

mg
Fig(a) Fig(b)

Say we have to find the torque about the point C due to T1 in fig. (a). Then we imagine a nut kept
at C as shown in fig. (b). It is clearly evident that T1 will rotate the spanner clockwise, hence torque
due to T1 about C is clockwise.
If it is torque due to T2 at C, then fig. (c) illustrates the imagery.
T2

Fig(c)

As is evident torque due to T2 is anti-clockwise.

Worked Example 1 : Magnitude and direction of torque
A ladder is balanced on a wall as shown. The normal forces N1, N2 forces of static friction f1, f2
and weight mg are acting as shown. The length of the ladder is l and it is kept at an inclination .
Find the torque
(i) About P (ii) About C
Soln.(i)For torque about P, Torque due to N1 and f1 is zero about P, as they pass through P.

f1
P
N1
C

mg
 Q
N2

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l  f1
mg = (mg  cos   clockwise (l/2) cos (l/2) cos
2  N1 
P
f 2  ( f 2 ) (l sin ) clockwise C

 N 2  ( N 2 ) (l cos ) anti-clockwise
mg
 Q
 mgl  f2 N2
 P =  cos   f 2 · l sin   N 2l cos  clockwise
 2 
(ii) For torque about C
Torque to mg about C is 0, as mg passes through C.
l N1
 N1  N 1 · sin  clockwise
2 l/2

1 l sin C
 f1  f 1 · 2 
cos  clockwise
2 l/2
mg
1 l sin
N 2  N 2 · cos  anti-clockwise 2
2 f2 N2
1
f 2  f 2 · sin  clcokwise.
2

 N1l sin  f1l sin  N 2l cos  f 2l cos  

net =     clockwise.
 2 2 2 2 

• Parallel Question 1
Find the torque about Q in the above question.

RIGID BODY :
Rigid body is defined as a system of particles in which distance between each pair of particles
remains constant (with respect to time) that means the shape and size do not change, during the
motion. Eg : Fan, Pen, Table, stone and so on.
Two blocks with a spring attached between them is not a rigid body.
For every pair of particles in a rigid body, there is no velocity of seperation or approach between
the particles. In the figure shown velocities of A and B with respect ground are VA and VB respectively.

A VA VAsin1
1
A
B
VAcos1
VB 2

B
VBsin2
VBcos2
If the above body is rigid
VA cos 1 = VB cos 2

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• Moment of Inertia
Consider a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis AB. The particle P of mass mi on the body
describes a circle of radius ri.

A


r P

mdv  dv 
The tangential force on the particle mi is Ft = = m 
dt  dt 

dv rd d
As v = r, =  Ft = mr = mr · 
dt dt dt
The radial force Fr = mw2r. The torque of the radial force is zero, as it passes through the axis,
whereas the torque of the tangential force
 = (f1) · (r) = (mr) (r) i = (miri2) 
Summing over, all the particles, the total torque of all the forces acting on all the particles of the
body is,
total = i = [miri2] · 
total = I
where I = miri2 I is called moment of inertia.

          
As,  total   ri    Fij  Fiext  =  ri   Fij    ( ri  Fi ext )

 ji   ji 
   
The first term contains such pairs as ( ( ri  Fij  rj  Fij )
 
From Newton’s, third law, Fij = – Fij .
      
 The bracketed term becomes ( ri  Fij  rj  Fij ) = ( ri  rj ) × Fij
  
Now ( ri  rj ) is parallel to Fij , hence the bracketed term and such terms become zero.
   
  total   ( ri  Fi ext ) = ext
  
But  total  I , was proved earlier  ext =  .

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Worked Example 2 : Calculation of moment of inertia and angular acceleration.

(a) 1 kg, 2 kg, 3 kg and 4 kg are fixed on the vertices of a square of length 1m. What is the inertia
about an axis through.
(i) A perpendicular to the plane of the square.
(ii) AB

2kg 3kg
B C

D
A
1kg 4kg

(b) A light rod of length 1 m is pivoted at its centre and two masses 5 kg and 2 kg are hung from the
ends as shown in figure. Find the initial angular acceleration of the rod assuming that it was horizontal
in the beginning.
0.5m 0.5m

2kg 5kg

Soln.(a) About A, (Axis is perpendicular to the square’s plane)

2kg 1m 3kg
B C
2m
1m P 1m

D
A 1m
1kg 4kg

   +m l
IA = mB · l2 + mC l 2
2
D
2

= (2 kg ) (1 m) + (3 kg)  2m  + 4 kg (1m)
2 2 2

= (2 + 6 + 4) kg · m2 = 12 kg · m2
IAB = mC · l2 + mD l2 = (3 kg ) (1 m)2 + 4 kg (1 m)2 = 7 kg · m2
As A and B lie on the axis itself, then contribution to the moment of inertia is nil.
(b) About the pivot,
Isystem = (2 kg) (0.5 m)2 + (5 kg) (0.5 m)2 2kg 1m 3kg
= (2 + 5) (0.25) kg m2 = 1.75 kg m2 B C
tpivot = (5 × 9.8 N) (0.5 m) – (2 × 9.8 N) (0.5 m) 2m
1m P 1m

D
A 1m
1kg 4kg

Axis
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= (5 – 2) (9.8) (0.5) N.m = 14.7 Nm clockwise.

 14.7 Nm
 = = 1.75 kg ·m 2 = 8.4 rad · s–2 clockwise.
I

• Parallel Question 2
(a) Find the moment of inertia about an axis through
//////////////////////////////

(i) P normal to the plane of the square.

(ii) BD
MR 2
(b) A cylindrical pulley has a moment of inertia and it is pulled by a force F as shown in figure.
2
What is the angular acceleration of the pulley?

• Moment of Inertia of Continuous Bodies

For a system of discrete particles, moment of inertia I = miri2 but for a system of continuous mass
(i) I =  r 2 dm
We illustrate for some bodies the above process.
(i) Moment of inertia of a rod for an axis passing through its CM.

dx
M,L x

Let us assume a rod of mass M and length L as shown. Consider an element dx at a distance x
from the axis. the mass of the element
M
dm =   · dx
L

M
dI = m2 dm = x2   · dx
L
 L
 
 2
M x2dx
I= 
L  L
 
 2

L L
The rod varies from on one side to on the other side, hence the limits.
2 2

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L
3 2
M  x 
 I=  
L  3  L
2

2 2
M  L     L  
=     
3L  2   2  

3 3
ML  L    L  
=     
3  2   2  

M  L3  ML2
= 3L  8  2 =
  12
(ii) Moment of Inertia of a Disc for an axis passing through its CM and normal to the plane of the disc.

M,R

r
dr

Consider a disc of mass M and radius R. We choose an elemental ring of radius r and thickness dr,
 M 
concentric with the disc. The elemental mass of the ring is dm =  2  (2rdr)
 R 

 M 
dI = r2 dm = r2  2  (2rdr)
 R 

2M 3
dI = r dr
R2
R
2M 3
I= 2
R
r
0
dr

The disc can be thought of as concentric rings set from r equal to 0 to R.

R
2M  r4  2M 4 2
 I= 2   = 2 · R = MR .
R 4 R 4 2
By choosing suitable elements, moments of inertia for other continuous bodies can be derived.
some of their results are given in the table below.

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Body Axis through cm

2
1. Ring Normal to Plane MR

2
2. Hollow Cylinder Along cylinder's MR
axis

3. Disc Normal to Plane MR

2

2
4. Solid Cylinder Along cylinder's MR
axis 2

5. Hollow sphere Along the diametrical 2 2

axis MR
3

6. Solid sphere Along the diametrical 2 2

axis MR
5

2
7. Rod Perpendicular to the rod ML
12

For getting the moments of inertia passing through other axes, we use the following two theorems.

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Theorem of Parallel Axes

(x1,y1)
(0,0) P
CM (x0, y0)

Consider a rigid body, spinning about an axis (z-axis) passing through its centre of mass. We
designate the CM as the origin (0, 0, 0)
I cm = mi (ri2) Icm = mi (xi2 + yi2)
As all the particles of the rigid body are spinning about the z-axis, the radial distance of the point
(xi, yi zi) from the axis is x i2  y i2 .
Now, if we shift the axis to a place parallel to the original axis. It means the origin has been
shifted to (x0, y0, z0)
For translation of axes,
xi' = x i - x0 and yi' = yi – y0 Now, IP = mi(xi2 + yi2)

= Smi(xi2 + yi2) + Sm(x02 + y02) – 2x0(mixi) – 2y0 (miyi)

Now S(mixi) = 0 and S(mivi) = 0 as CM is the origin.

Remember,
(m i x i )
0 = xcn = m i

( m i x j )
0 = ycm– =  IP = mi(xi2 + yi2) + m (x02 + y02)
m i
= Icm = + (x02 + y02) M
Now the distance between the CM axis and parallel axis in

d= x 02  y 02  IP = Icm + Md2
Y

Theorem of Perpendicular Axes (xi,yi)

This is true for laminar or flat bodies.
Ix = miyi2 X
As yi is the distance of mi from the z-axis)
Similarly, Iy = mixi2 Now, Iz = mi(xi2 + yi2)
(As the distance of the mi from the z-axis will be
ri = x i2  y i2  Iz = mixi2 + miyi2
I z = Iy + Ix I z = Ix + Iy
where x and y are axes lying on the laminar body and z-axis is perpendicular to the x and y axes.

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Worked Example 3 : Using parallel axes and perpendicular axes theorems.

Find the moment of inertia about the axis shown in the following situations.

(a) (b) Rod (M, L)

Disc (M,R)

(c)

MR 2
Soln.(a) Iz =
2
Using perpendicular axes theorem Disc (M, R)
I x + Iy = Iz
But Ix = Iy from symmetry,
MR 2
 2Iy = Iz =
2

MR 2 CM
Iy = P
4
Now,
The Iy is through CM of the disc, hence
IP = Icm + Md2
MR 2 5
Disc (M, R)
IP = + M(R)2  IP = MR2
4 4
(b) For the rod,
P CM
2
Icm = ML l/2
12
Rod (M, L)
IP = Icm + Md2
2
ML2 L ML2 ML2 (1  3)ML2
IP = +M   = + =
12 2 12 4 12

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ML2
 IP =
3
(c) About C1
IRing = MR2
IRod 1 = I C 2 + M(R)2
(As C2 is the centre of mass of rod 1 and the distance between the C1 and C2 : d = R).
2
ml 2  L
 IRod 2 = +m R  
12  2
Thus, Isystem = Iring + Irod 1+ Irod 2
2
 ml 2 2
 ml 2  L  
 M,R
= (MR)2 +  12  mR  +  12  m R  2  
     
C1

1 m
• Parallel Question 3 C2
Find the moment of inertia of the following situation l/2
C3
Rod(m,l) 2
m

Solid
sphere

• Angular Momentum and its Conservation

For a particle, angular momentum is defined as,
  
L i  ri  pi

   dL d  
L    ri  pi 
dt
=
dt
 ri  pi 

 
 d r1    d r1  
=   pi  +   ri   = v i  mv i  +  ri  Fi
 
 dt   dt 
 
As vi is parallel to mvi , the first term becomes 0.
 
dL     dL

dt
 
=  ri  Fi = ext  ext =
dt

 dL 
If  = 0  = 0 or L = constant.
dt
If the total external torque acting an a system is zero, its angular momentum remains constant or
conserved. This is known as the principle of conservation of angular momentum.
• For a moving particle
  
L  rp
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L = (Momentum) (Momentum arm)

To find direction of angular momentum, we can again use the 'nut and spanner' imagery as we used
in the case of torque. The only difference now is the momentum vector replaces the earlier force
vector.
• For a body having pure rotation, it can be proved that,
 
L  I
 
The L and  must be taken about the same axis.
• For a body having rotation cum translation, it can be proved.
       
L  L cm  ( r  p cm ) or L  I cm   ( r  mv cm )

Worked Example 4 : Different situations of angular momentum

(a) A body of mass m is dropped from the shoulder height by keeping the arm horizontal. The arm
length is l. What is the body's angular momentum about the shoulder after time t ?
(b) What is the angular momentum of a solid ball of mass 2 kg and radius 0.5 m, spinning at 3 rad/s?
(c) A football of mass 2 kg rolls away at a speed of 5 m/s. Its radius is 25 cm. What is its angular
momentum about P at the instant shown ?
5 m/s

25cm
10m
P
    
Soln.(a) L  r  p  r  mv
 L = (r) (mv) sin 
= (mv) (r sin ) = mvl
The velocity v of the dropped body after time t is
S l

 m

v = gt  L = (mgt) · l v
The 'nut and spanner' imaginary shows that the angular momentum of the body about the shoulder
in the given figure is clockwise.


mv

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(b) For a body having pure rotation,

L = I
2
Here, I = Mr2
5
2 2
L= Mr2 ·  = (2kg) (0.5 m)2 · (3 rad s–1)
5 5
2 –1
L = 0.6 mg m · s
(c) For a body having rotation cum translation,
   
L  L cm  r  Pcm

v 2 v r 5m/s
Lcm = I = I   = MR2 ·
R 5 R
P
10m

2MRv 2
= = (2 kg) (0.25 m) (5 ms–1)
5 5

 L cm = 1 kg m2 · s–1 clockwise.
 
r  p cm = Momentum × Momentum axis.
= (2 kg) (5 ms–1) × (0.25 m)

10kg ms–1
0.25m

r  p cm  = 2.5 kg m2 s–1 clockwise.


 L = 3.5 kg m2 s–1 clockwise

• Parallel Question 4
A particle of mass m is projected with a speed u at an angle  with the horizontal. Find the angular
momentum of the particle about the point of projection when the particle is at the highest point.
Angular Impulse
Angular impulse of a torque in a given time is defined as

 t t
dL
Lf
   
J   dt   dt =  dL  J  L f  L i  L
0 0
dt Li

Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy of a rigid body rotating about a given axis is
1 1 1 1
K =   m i v i2   m i (ri ) 2  m i ri 2 2  I2
 
2  2 2 2
This is known as the rotational kinetic energy.

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Power delivered and work done by a torque.

dW dK d 1 2 d
P= = =  I  = I · = (I) · 
dt dt dt  2  dt
 
 P =  ·
f
    
Also, dW =  ·dt =  · d  W =   · d
0

• General strategy for solving problems in Dynamics.

Dynamics

Translation Pure Rotation Rotation Cum

Translation

Rolling

Problem of translation have been dealt with under Newton's law. Other than that the problem
could be of pure 'rotation' or rotation cum translation'.

Pure Rotation
Strategy for dealing with problems of Pure Rotation
1. Find the axis and determine the moment of inertia of the body about this axis.
2. Label all the forces acting on the F.B.D. of the system, at their points of application.
3. Label the angular acceleration ().
4. Find the torques due to the forces about the axis taking the ones along  as positive and vice-
versa.
5. Use  = I

Worked Example 5 : Determining  in Pure - rotation

Find the angular acceleration  of the pulley shown in the figure. The pulley has a moment of inertia
I and radius r. The mass of the block is m. A string is would round the pulley and is attached to the
block.
//////////////////////////////

I
r

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Soln. For the block m, which is undergoing translation.

m a

mg

mg – T = ma ..........(1)
For the pulley, which undergoes pure rotation,

R
P


Moment of inertia = I
=T·R
As  = I T · R = I .............(2)
Acceleration of point 'P' = R as its is on the periphery of the pulley. But aP = acceleration of
block as they are interconnected by a unstretchable string.
Thus a = R
Equation (1) becomes mg – T = m(R)
I
From (2) T =
R
I
Thus mg – = mR
R
mgR
mgR = mR2 · + I or  =
(mR 2  1)
• Parallel Question 5
A stick of mass m and length l is falling on the ground. The end of the stick on the ground does not
slip. What is the angular acceleration of the stick in the position shown ?

(m,l)

////////////////////////////////////////

• Rotation cum translation

1. For rotation cum translation, the axis is the centre of mass.
2. Use the steps of translation and pure rotation separately.
3. Use constraint equation, if any.

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Worked Example 6 : Acceleration of a falling spool

Thread would around cylinder of mass M and radius R. It is allowed to fall as shown. Find its
acceleration.

////////////////////////////////////////

Thread

R (M,R)
Solid
Cylinder

Soln. The spool undergoes translation as well as rotation.

mg

For translation,
Mg – T = Ma .........(1)
For rotation, About C T

MR 2
IC = 
2 R

=T·R
As  = I
Mg
MR 2
T·R= · ...........(2)
2 G
////////////////////////////////////////
Constraint equation

a PC  R 
 
a CP  R  P C
R
  
a CG  a CP  a PG

a PG  0 (As point P and G are two points on an inextensible thread).
 
 a CG  a CP  R 
or a = R ...........(3)
Use (3) in (2)
 MR  a Ma
T=   =
 2  R 2
Put this in (1),

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Ma
Mg – = Ma
2
3Ma 2g
Mg = a= .
2 3
• Parallel Question 6
A rod of length l and mass m is thrown up with an initial speed u and an angular speed 0. What is
the angular speed of the rod at its highest point ?

• Rolling
Rolling is a special phenomenon and it can be understood from two perspectives. Firstly, it can be
seen as a special combination of rotation and translation. Secondly, it can be seen as pure rotation
about its point of contact.
Rolling as a special case of Rotation cum Translation.

R C v
R F
B
G

Assume a G(ground) frame of reference at rest.

Let a disc of radius R rotate with  and translate with speed v as shown
  
• v FG  v FC  v CG

vCG= v

vFC=R

vFG

 vFG = R 2  v 2 = v 2  2 · R 2

vTC = R

VCG = v
vTC
  
• v TG  v TC  v CG

v TG  ( v  R )
vFG
  
• v RG  v RC  v CG
vFC=R

v RG  2 R 2  R 2
vCG = v

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  
v BG  v BC  v CG
v BG  ( v – R ) vFC= R vCG= v

If it is assumed that the wheel is touching the ground, B-bottom most point or the point of contact
of the wheel with ground.
When a wheel is rolling,
vBG = 0  v – R = 0
or v = R
or vcm = R
Since the point of contact does not move w.r.t. the ground, the friction is static (f).
0  f  µN
The magnitude and direction of f are self adjusting according to the requirements of the equation of
motion.
Worked Example 7 : Rolling = Rotation + Translation + (Vcm = R)
A disc of mass M and radius R is pulled by a force F horizontally applied at its centre. Find the
acceleration and force of friction acting on the disc.

Disc
(M,R)
F

/////////////////////////////////////////

Soln. (f is arbitrarily assumed to be backwards).

For translation,
F – f = Ma .......(1)
For Rotation about C, a
f · R = I

 MR 2  
f · R =  2   F
  R
Now, v = R  a = R for rolling, f

MR 2  a 
Hence, f · R = · 
2 R

Ma 3Ma  2F 
F– = Ma F= a=  
2 2  3M 

M M  2F  F
and f = (a) =    backwards.
2 2  3M  3
f (2R) = M
F – f = Ma f = R – Ma
4F Ma
f=R– ;f=
5 4
Ma 5Ma F
F– = Ma F= =
4 4 5
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• Parallel Question 7
Find force of friction and acceleration if the force is applied on the rolling disc as shown.
F

Disc (M,R)
R
/////////////////////////////////////////

• Rolling can be seen as Pure rotation

Consider the toppling of a box of length h and regular polygonal cross-section of side l.

C D C

B A C D
D B

A B A

Assume the box to be moving ahead uniformly, so time period of rotation is constant = T. Every
point on the box rotates about the point on the ground (axis). Every vertex acts as an axis for time
T
.
4
l 2

l
l 2

l


Similarly, if a box of length h and hexagonal cross-section (regular hexagon) is toppling, then ,

Here, every point on the box rotates about the point on the ground (axis). Every vertex acts as an
T
axis for time.
6

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(2R)

R

P
Toppling of a box, which has a cross-section as an infinite regular polygon (circle), will be as
follows
T
The point of contact remains as the axis of rotation for a time or infinitesimal time. We call this

as instantaneous axis of rotation.
Here, Vcm = R or acm = R
and since the point of contact does not move relative to the ground, the friction is static. Hence,
0  f  µN
The direction of f is self - adjusting according to the requirements of the equation of motion.

Worked Example 8 : Rolling as pure Rotation

Find the acceleration and friction in the following situation.
Rolling Ring (M, R)

Rolling Ring (M, R)

Soln. We draw F.B.D. as

Mg
f

N
a

For horizontal translation,

F – f = Ma

Mg
f
P

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Rolling is pure rotation about P.

I P = IC + Md2 + MR2 + MR2 = 2MR2
Torque about P, P = F(2R).
The torques due to f, Mg and N are 0 about P, as all of them either pass through P or their line of
action passes through P.
Now, P = IP ·  F · (R) = (2MR2) · 
F
=
MR
For rolling,
 F  F
acm = R =   R  acm =
 MR  M
From (1)
F – f = Ma
F
F – f = M    f = 0.
M
In this situation, friction acting at the base is 0.

• Parallel Question 8
In a similar situation, what is acceleration and friction ? Rolling Ring (M, R).

C
F

Rolling Ring (M, R)

ILLUSTRATIONS
Illustration 1. Figure shows a small wheel fixed coaxially on a bigger one of double the radius. The
system rotates about the common axis. The strings supporting A and B doe not slip on the
wheels. If x and y be the distances travelled by A and B in the same time interval, then

A
B

(a) x = 2y (b) x = y (c) y = 2x (d) None of these

Solution .(a) Since A and B are attached by non-stretchable strips to points P and Q respectively, they will
have the same velocity as P and Q respectively.

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2r

r P Q


A
B
vP =  · r whereas vQ = (2r)
Thus, vQ = 2vP
dy 2dx
or vB = 2vA ; =  dy = 2dx or y = 2x.
dt dt
 (c) is correct.

Illustraion 2. One end of a uniform rod of mass m and length L is clamped. The rod lies on a smooth
horizontal surface and rotates on it about the clamped end at a uniform angular velocity . The
force exerted by the clamped on the rod has a horizontal component
1
(a) m2L (b) zero (c) mg (d) m2L
2

Solution .(d) As the rod is rotating with uniform angular speed , its CM will have a centripetal acceleration
L 
=  ·   . In the horizontal plane,
2
2 m,L
CM
 2 L
Fex = Macm  Fex = m   · 
 2
Here the force exerted by the clam on the rod is the only external force that can given a horizontal
component.
 (d) is correct.

Illustraion 3. A circular disc A of radius r is made from an iron plate of thickness t and another circular
t
disc B of radius 4R is made from an iron plate thickness . The relation between the moments of
4
inertia IA and IB is
(a) IA > IB (b) IA = IB
(c) IA < IB (d) depends on the actual values of t and r

Solution .(c) IDisc = MR2

1
Let  be the density of iron, then IA = () [r2 · t](r2) as radius of plate A is r and thickness is t
2

 ·  · r 4 ·t
 IA =
2

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1  2 t t
Now, IB = ()  (4r ) ·  (4r)2 as radius of plate B is 4r and thickness is .
2  4 4
 IB = 64 IA I A < IB
 (c) is correct.

Illustraion 4. Equal torques act on the discs A and B of the previous problem, initially both being at rest.
At a later instant, the linear speeds of a point on the rim of A and another point on the rim of B are
vA and vB respectively. We have
(a) vA > vB (b) vA = vB
(c) vA < vB (d) the relation depends on the actual magnitude of the torques.
Solution .(a) Equal torque acts on both the discs, hence
 = IA · A = IB · B
A IB
B = I A = 64
After sometime,
A = At and B = Bt
As the relevant points are on the rim of A and B.
vAA · r and vB = B · (4r)

vA  A  r 1  A  1  At 
Now, =   =   =  
vB   B  4r 4  B  4  Bt 

vA 1   A  64
 vB =   = = 16
4  B  4
Thus vA = 16vB
or vA > vB
 (a) is correct.

Illustraion 5. A body having its centre of mass at the origin has three of its particles at (a, 0, 0), (0, a, 0),
(0, 0, a). The moments of inertia of the body about the x and y axes are 0.20 kg · m2 each. The
moment of inertia about the z-axis is
(a) 0.20 kg-m2 (b) 0.40 kg-m2
(c) 0.20 2 kg-m2 (d) cannot be deduced with this information

Solution . (d) Here we cannot apply, Iz = Iz + Iy, as this equation is only valid for laminar bodies or bodies
where masses lie on a single plane.
Here each of the three particles are lying on the three axes at a distance 'a' from the origin, hence
we cannot apply the perpendicular axis theorem.
Further, if we assume, M1, M2 and M3 to be the three masses lying at (a, 0, 0), (0, a, 0) and (0, 0, a),
then
Ix = (M2 + M3) a2
Iy = (M1 + M3) a2
In the above equations Iz = Iy = 0.2 kg m2

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I2 (M1 + M2)a2 cannot be solved as, we have, I2, M1, M2, M3 and a as unknowns for the above 3
equations.  (d) is correct.

Illustraion 6. A cubical block of mass M and edge a slides down a rough inclined plane of inclination 
with a uniform velocity. The torque of the normal force on the block about its centre has a magnitude
1
(a) zero (b) Mga (c) Mga sin 
Mga sin (d)
2
Solution . (d) As the block slides down a rough inclined plane with uniform velocity, it means Mg sin  =
µN. Net torque about C is 0. Torque of Mg about C is zero, as Mg passes through C. Torque due
to N anticlockwise is balanced by torque due to µN clockwise.

µN
C
a
2
N Mg
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////

a a
Torque due to µN = (µN)   = (Mg sin ) .
 2 2

Mga sin 
Hence, the torque of the normal force on the block about its centre has a magnitude = .
2
 (d) is correct.

Illustraion 7. A thin circular ring of mass M and radius r is rotating about its axis with an angular speed
. Two particles having mass m each are now attached at diametrically opposite points.
The angular speed of the ring will become
M M ( M  2m) ( M  2m)
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Mm M  2m M  2m M

Solution .(b) The initial moment of inertia of the circular ring (I0) = Mr2. Hence, initial angular momentum
L0 = I0 ·  = Mr2 · 
When two particles of mass m are attached at diametrically opposite points, then the moment of
inertia becomes I = (M + 2m)r2
If the new angular speed of the system = . By conservation of angular momentum

I0 r 2 · 
I0 = I' ' = = 2 = .
I (M  2m)r M  2m
 (b) is correct.

Illustraion 8. The centre of a wheel rolling on a plane surface moves with a speed v. A particle on the rim
of the wheel at the same level as the centre will be moving at speed
(a) zero (b) v 2v (c) (d) 2v
Solution .(c) P is a point at the same level as the centre. The rolling wheel has a vcm = v, where v =  · r

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 C vcm P
vP  v2  v2  v 2 

Alternatively, when a wheel is rolling, it is having a pure rotation about the 'point of contact' which
acts as the instantaneous axis of rotation. So,
Distance OP = r2  r2  r 2

r P
r

O 
vcm v

r v

v 2

 
vP =  r 2 But v = r
hence, vP = v 2  (c) is correct.

Illustraion 9. A solid sphere, a hollow sphere and a disc, all having same mass and radius, are placed at
the top of a smooth incline and released. Least time will be taken in reaching the bottom by
(a) the solid sphere (b) the hollow sphere
(c) the disc (d) all will take same time

Solution . (d) As the inclined place is smooth, no friction acts at the base. About C, the torque of Mg and
N is 0. The body will not rotate, it simply slides down, with acceleration g sin. Since the moment
of inertia does not come into picture, all bodies whether they are solid sphere, hollow sphere or
disc, will take the same time to reach the ground.

a
C
N


/////////////////////////////////////////

 (d) is correct.

Illustraion 10. A solid sphere, a hollow sphere and a disc, all having same mass and radius, are placed at
the top of an incline and released. The friction coefficients between the objects and the incline are
same and not sufficient to allow pure rolling. Least time will be taken in reaching the bottom by
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a
µN C


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

(a) the solid sphere (b) the hollow sphere

(c) the disc (d) all will take same time
Solution .(d) : As the body does not undergo pure rolling, it means friction acting is kinetic friction = µN.
Normal to the inclined plane, the body is in equilibrium, hence
N = Mg cos 
Along the inclined plane,
Mg sin  – µN = Ma  Ma = mg sin  – µ Mg cos 
or a = g sin  – µg cos 
As moment of inertia, does not feature in the acceleration equation, all bodies whether they are
solid sphere, hollow sphere or disc will have the same acceleration. They will take the same time
to reach the bottom.
 (d) is correct.

Illustraion 11.In the previous question, the smallest kinetic energy at the bottom of the incline will be
achieved by
(a) the solid sphere (b) the hollow sphere
(c) the disc (d) all will achieve same kinetic energy

Solution .(b) 'a' is same for all bodies. Their v on reaching the bottom will be same, as v2 = 2as.
1
Translational KE = mv2. As m is same for all bodies their (KE)trans is same.
2
Now, for rotation,
=I· About C,
[µMg cos ]R
(µN) R = I  [µM cos ] R = I ·   = t = ·t
I
2
1 1  µMg cos  · R · t  µMg cos  · R · t 2
(KE)rotational = I2 = I   =
2 2  I  2I

1
(KE)Rot  (t is same for all bodies, as seen in the previous question).
I

2 2
Among the bodies, the greatest moment of inertia is possessed by the hollow sphere  MR  .
3 

2 MR 2
ISolid sphere = MR2 IDisc =
5 2
Hence hollow sphere will have the least (K.E.)rot, and therefore the least total kinetic energy.
 (b) is correct.
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Illustration 12 : Two thin discs each of mass 4.0 kg and radius 0.4 m are attached as shown in figure to
form rigid body. What is the rotational inertia of this body about an axis perpendicular to
the plane of disc B and passing through its centre ?

Solution : Moment of inertia of each disc A and B about A

the axis through their centre of mass and
perpendicular to the plane will be
IAA = IBB = (1/2)Mr2 B

Now moment of inertia of disc A about an axis through B by theorem of parallel axes will
be
IBB = IAA + M(2r)2 = (9/2)Mr2
Mr 2 2 Mr 2
I BB   M  2r    5Mr 2
2 2
i.e. I = 5Mr2 = 5  4  (0.4)2 = 3.2 kg-m2.

Illustration 13 : Find the moment of inertia of a square plate about a diagonal and show that it is equal to
the rotational inertia about a median line.

Solution : By symmetry ID1 = ID2 =ID (say). The M2

D2 D1
two diagonals of a square intersect at
right angles, so using theorem of
perpendicular axis O M1
Iz = 2ID
But for a square a = b = L
(L2  L2 ) ML2
So, Iz = M 
12 6
1
 ID = IZ = ML2/12
2
Again by symmetry IM1 = IM2 = IM (say).
Now as the two medians also intersect at right angles, by theorem of perpendicular axis
Iz = 2IM = 2ID ao IM = ID

Illustration 14 : A particle describes uniform circular motion find the torque on it about the centre of the
circle.
  
Solution :    r  F , where F = net force.
 
In uniform circular motion r and F are
colinear (but oppositely directed)
 
 r F  0

Illustration 15 : A uniform cube of side a and mass m rests on a rough horizontal table. A horizontal force
F is applied normal to one of the faces at a point that is directly above the centre of the
face, at a height (3a/4) above the base. What is the minimum value of F for which the cube
begins to tip about an edge ?

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Solution: As shown in fig. the cube will tilt about the edge through O if R
torque of F exceeds the torque of mg (torque of R about O is
F
zero)
3a/4
(a/2)
3 a
F  a > mg
4 2 O
2 2 Mg
Or F > (mg) i.e., Fmin = mg
3 3

Illustration 16 : A cylinder of mass M and radius R is resting on a horizontal platform (which is parallel to
the x-y plane) with its axis fixed along the y-axis and free to rotate about its axis. The
platform is given a motion in the x direction given by x = A cost. If there is no slipping,
what is the maximum torque acting on the cylinder during its motion.

Solution : We know that in rotational motion

 = I
but as tangential acceleration aT = R
1
and Icylinder = MR2
2
y x
1  a  1
so  =  MR 2  T   MRa T . . . (i) x
2  R  2
Now as the cylinder is moving without
slipping with the platform so, for it also
x = A cost
dx
or v = = -A  sin t
dt
dv
or aT = = - A2cost . . . (ii)
dt
Substituting aT from equation (ii) in (i), we get
1
= MRA2cost . . .(iii)
2
Now [ cost]max = 1
1
So ||max = MRA2.
2
Considering a rigid body rotating about a fixed axis YYand Y
a particle A of mass m rotating in a circle of radius r. at
Two forces are acting on the particle, one the radial force ar
dv
m2r and the other, tangential force m
dt
The torque due to the radial force m2r about YY is zero
dv
and that due to the tangential force is mr = mr2 Y
dt

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Summing over all the particles, the total torque acting on the body
net =  miri2  I where I =  miri2
i i

The torque equation is normally applied about the centre of mass. However there is yet another point
about which we can apply the torque equation and this is the point through which the axis of rotation
passes.

Illustration 17 : A uniform disc of radius R and mass M is free to M

rotate about a fixed axis perpendicular to its plane R

and passing through its centre. A string is

wrapped over its rim and a block of mass m is
attached to the free end of the string as shown in
the figure. The block is released from rest. If string m
does not slip on the rim then find the acceleration
of the block. Neglect the mass of the string.

Solution: Since string does not slip on the disc hence tangential acceleration of the point on the
rim which is in contact with the string is equal to the acceleration of the block. Let angular
acceleration of the disc about axis be  , hence acceleration of the block a = R
F.B.D. of the Block F.B.D. of the Disc.
T

T mg
mg
 mg - T = mR, Torque on the disc is  = Tension + mg
as a =  R . . . (1)  I = TR as mg = 0
Where I = M.I. of the disc about the axis.
Eliminating T from (1) and (2),
 T = I/R . . . (2)
2
mg 2mg MR
=  , as I =
 I  2m  MR 2
 mR  
 R
2mg
Hence a=
2m  M
Illustration 18: A particle of mass m is moving with constant velocity v parallel to x axis in x-y plane as
shown in figure. Calculate its angular momentum with respect to origin at any time t.

Solution : At any time t coordinates of the particle will y

be m v

x = vt, y = b, z = 0
and velocity components will b r
vx = v, vy = 0, v z = 0
 the particle is moving parallel to x-axis x

î ĵ k̂
  
we know L  r  p = m vt b 0
v 0 0

i.e. L  m k̂ vt  0  vb
= - mvb k̂
Thus angular momentum has magnitude mvb and is directed along negative
z-axis.

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Angular momentum gives a rough idea of the angular motion of the body but a
translating body could have angular momentum as explained in the above illustration.

Illustration 19: A particle of mass m is projected with velocity v at an angle  with the horizontal. Find its
angular momentum about the point of projection when it is at the highest point of its
trajectory.

Solution : At the highest point it has only horizontal velocity y

vx = v cos
Length of the perpendicular to the horizontal
velocity from ‘O’ is the maximum height, where H
x
v 2 sin 2  O
Hmax =  Angular momentum
2g
mv 3 sin 2  cos 
L=
2g
Illustration 20 : A sphere rolls without slipping on a rough surface with centre of mass has constant speed
v0. If mass of the sphere is m and its radius be R, then find the angular momentum of the
sphere about the point of contact.
   
Solution : Since LP  L cm  r  p cm
   v0
 Icm   R  m v cm
Since sphere is in pure rolling motion hence  P
= v 0/R
2 v 7
Lp = MR 2 0  Mv 0R  Mv 0R
5 R 5

Illustration 21 : A block of mass M is moving with a velocity v1 on a frictionless surface as shown in the
figure. It passes over to a cylinder of radius R and moment of inertia I which has a fixed
axis and is initially at rest. When it first makes contact with the cylinder, it slips on the
cylinder, but the friction is large enough so that slipping ceases before it loses contact
with the cylinder. Finally, it goes to the dotted position with velocity v2. Compute v2 in
terms of v1, M, I and R.
v1
M M v2

O R

Solution: When the mass M makes first contact with the cylinder , angular momentum of the
system (block + cylinder) about O is L1 = Mv 1 R + 0
it loses contact with the cylinder with velocity v2
Let angular velocity acquired by the cylinder is .
Since finally slipping ceases, hence relative velocity of the point of contact must be zero.
 v 2 = R . . . (2)

Therefore final angular momentum of the system about ‘O’ is

Iv
L2 = Mv2R + I = Mv 2 R + 2 . . . (3) using (2)
R
From COAM
Iv Mv 1R2
Mv 1R = Mv2R + 2  v2 =
R MR 2  I
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o
Illustration 22: A 10 m long ladder rests against a vertical wall and makes an angle of 60 with the
horizontal floor. If it starts to slip, then find the position of its instantaneous axis of
rotation.
Solution : Consider the ends A and B of the ladder. Velocity of O
A
end A is vertically downward and velocity of end B is
along the horizontal floor. As perpendiculars to the
velocities meet at the point of rotation. Therefore axis
of rotation will pass through this point and will be
perpendicular to the plane of ABC. Taking C as origin
co-ordinates of the point O are 10 cos60o m and 60o
C B
10sin60o m. Hence radius vector of the point O w.r.t.

point C is R  5 î  5 3 ĵ where î and ĵ are the unit
vectors along horizontal and vertical.
Illustration 23: Determine the kinetic energy of a ring of mass m and radius R moving with a velocity v.
Solution: For a system of particles kinetic energy k =  v 2dm
If dm be the mass of a particle d
m d C 
dm = (Rd) = m P
2 R 2 
Velocity of the particle P
V = 2v cos = 2 v sin (/2) O

 Kinetic energy of the system is

2
m mv 2   
k =  2v sin(  / 2)2 d =  sin 2  d  = mv 2.
0 2   0  2  2
Illustration 24 : A uniform disc of mass m and radius R is rolling
without slipping up a rough incline plane which
0
makes an angle 30 with the horizontal. If the
coefficient of static and kinetic friction are each
`equal to  and the only force acting on the disc are 
gravitational and frictional, then find the direction
and magnitude of the frictional force acting on it.
Solution : Since disc does not slip hence frictional force F.B.D. of the disc.
is static and static friction can have any value N
between 0 and N. Component of mg parallel
to the plane is mgsin which is opposite to the
direction of motion of the centre of the disc, 
and hence speed of the centre of mass mgsin
decreases. For pure rolling the relation vc.m.= mgcos
 mg
R must be obeyed. Therefore must
decreases. Only frictional force can provide a
torque about the centre.

Torque due to friction must be opposite to the  . Therefore frictional force will act up the
plane.Now, for translational motion
mg sin - f = mac.m. . . . .(i)
For rotational motion
fR = I , where I = M.I. of the disc about centre.
a fR2
= I cm, as a = R  ac.m. = . . . (ii)
R I
mg sin 
From (i) and (ii) we get,  = Putting the value of  and I we get
mR 2
1
I
 = mg/6

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QUESTIONS TO PONDER

Q.1 Should there be any matter at the center of gravity of an object?

Q.2 The torque exerted by a force about some axis depends on the choice of axis. How can the condition,
 z,ext = 0, be satisfied for any choice of axis?
Q.3 What is the path of a particle in a rigid object rotating about a fixed axis?

Q.4 If a rigid object has only translational motion (for example, the body of a car traveling in a straight line on
a flat road), are there any points within the object that always have the same velocity as the center of
mass? If so, which ones?

Q.5 If a rigid object has only rotational motion about a fixed axis are there any points within the object that
always have the same velocity as the center of mass? If so which ones?

Q.6 If a rigid object moves with both transition and rotation about an axis with a fixed orientation (for
example, a rolling wheel), are there any points within the object that always have the same velocityas the
center of mass? If so, which ones?

Q.7 What is the direction of the angular velocity of a rigid object rotating about a fixed axis? What is the
direction of the linear velocity of a particle in a rigid object rotating about a fixed axis?

Q.8 A rigid object rotating about a fixed axis has nonzero angular velocity and angular accleration. Particle A
in the object is twice as far from the axis of rotation as particle B. What is the ratio of the following
quantities for A and B:
(a) the angular speeds
(b) the linear speeds
(c) the magnitudes of the angular accelerations
(d) the tangential components of the accelerations
(e) the radial components of the accelerations
(f) the magnitudes of the linear accelerations?

Q.9 Do the angular velocities of the hands of a wall clock point into the wall or out of the wall? At the instant
the clock is unplugged, do the angular accelerations of the hands point into the wall or out of the wall?

Q.10 A car is moving forward and slowing down. Is the direction of te angular velocity of the wheels toward
the driver’s left or right? What is the direction of the angular acceleration of the wheels?

Q.11 One side of a door (figure) is made of material with a larger mass density
than the other side. To minimize the moment of inertia about an axis of
rotation along the hinges, should the hinges be placed at the
heavier side or the lighter side? Explain.

Q.12 Consider three rods made of the same material and with the same length
and mass, but with different cross-sectional shapes (figure). Which of
the three has the largest moment of inertia about an axis through the
center of mass and along the rod’s long axis? Which
rod has the smallest moment of inertia about that axis?
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Q.13 Is it possible to find an axis of rotation (call the axis A) about which the moment of inertia for an object
is smaller than the moment of inertia about an axis through the center of mass and parallel to A?

Q.14 Suppose you are designing a cart for coasting down a hill. To maximize your coasting speed, should you
design the wheels so that their moments of inertia about their rotation axes are large or small, or does it
matter? Keeping the moment of inertia of the wheels fixed, will the cart’s speed be increased or decreased
by increasing the mass of the cart’s body? Assume that mechanical energy is conserved.

Q.15 If a particle is in uniform circular motion, is either the direction or the magnitude of the angular momentum
about the center of its motion constant? If the particle’s speed is changing as it travels in a circle, is either
the direction or the magnitude of the angular momentum constant?

Q.16 If the net torque exerted on a particle is in the same direction as the particle’s angular momentum, is there
a change in the direction of the particle’s angular momentum? Is there a change in the magnitude of the
particle’s angular momentum?

Q.17 Consider an isolated system of two particles a and b that interact with each
other such that Fab= –Fba hut the direction of the forces is perpendicular to
the line joining the particles, as shown in figure. What happens to this system
as time goes on? Is total linear momentum conserved? Is total angular
momentum conserved? Is such a system
possible? Explain.

Q.18 When a billiard ball rolls down a slope without sliding, what force is responsible for the torque that
causes the angular acceleration about an axis through the center of mass? What force is responsible for
the torque that causes the angular acceleration about an axis through the point of contact with the surface?

Q.19 Legend has it that a cat always lands on its feet. High-speed cameras have shown that when a cat begins
a fall with its feet up, its tail rotates rapidly and the cat’s body also rotates, so that it does, infact, land on
its feet. Explain the motion in terms of conservation of angular momentum. Include in your explanation a
comparison of the sense of the rotation of the cat’s body with that of its tail. How do you think a
bobtailed cat might do in a fall that begins with its feet up?

Q.20 A small satellite orbiting the earth has only one window for the astronaut, and the window is facing away
from the earth. Explain how the astronaut can rotate the satellite so he can view the earth and not use any
rocket fuel in the process.

Q.21 A spinning ice skater rapidly extends his arms. [Neglect friction during the time interval the arms are
extended]. Is his kinetic energy conserved? Is his potential energy conserved? Is his mechanical energy
conserved? Is his angular momentum conserved? If any of these quantities are not conserved, tell whether
they increase or decrease.

Q.22 A yo-yo with half the string wound on its axle is placed
on its edge on the floor, as shown in figure. Consider pulling gently on
the string in the three different directions indicated by Fa, Fb and Fc in
the figure. The force in each case is gentle enough so that the yo-yo
does not slide. In which case, if any, does string wind onto the yo-yo, and in which case, if any, does the
string wind off the yo-yo?

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Short Answer Questions

Q.1 A bucket is being lowered down into a well through a rope passing over a fixed pulley of radius 10 cm.
Assume that the rope does not slip on the pulley. Find the angular velocity and angular acceleration of
the pulley at an instant when the bucket is going down at a speed of 20 cm/s and has an acceleration
of 4.0 m/s2.
Q.2 A wheel rotates with a constant acceleration of 2.0 rad/s2. If the wheel starts from rest, how many
revolutions will it make in the first 10 seconds?

Q.3 The wheel of a motor, accelerated uniformly from rest, rotates through 2.5 radian during the first second.
Find the angle rotated during the next second.

Q.4 Starting from rest, a fan takes five seconds to attain the maximum speed of 400 rpm (revolution per minute).
Assuming constant acceleration, find the time taken by the fan in attaining half the maximum speed.

Q.5 The motor of an engine is rotating about its axis with an angular velocity of 100 rev/minute. It comes to
rest in 15 s, after being switched off. Assuming constant angular deceleration, calculate the number of
revolutions made by it before coming to rest.

Q.6 Four particles each of mass m are kept at the four corners of a square
of edge a. Find the moment of inertia of the system about a line
perpendicular to the plane of the square and passing through the centre
of the square.
Q.7 Two heavy particles having masses m 1 & m 2 are situated in a plane perpendicular to line AB at a
distance of r1 and r2 respectively.

(i) What is the moment of inertia of the system about axis AB ?

(ii) What is the moment of inertia of the system about an axis passing through m 1 and perpendicular to
the line joining m 1 and m 2 ?
(iii) What is the moment of inertia of the system about an axis passing through m 1 and m 2 ?

Q.8 Three particles, each of mass m, are situated at the vertices of an equilateral
triangle ABC of side L (figure). Find the moment of inertia of the system about
the line AX perpendicular to AB in the plane of ABC.

Q.9 Calculate the moment of inertia of a ring having mass M, radius R and having uniform mass distribution
about an axis passing through the centre of ring and perpendicular to the plane of ring ?

Q.10 Calculate the moment of inertia of a uniform rod of mass M and length  about an axis passing through
an end and perpendicular to the rod.
Q.11 Determine the moment of Inertia of a uniform disc having mass M, radius R about an axis passing
through centre & perpendicular to the plane of disc ?
Q.12 Find the moment of inertia of a uniform ring of mass M
and radius R about a diameter.

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Q.13 Two uniform identical rods each of mass M and length  are joined to
form a cross as shown in figure. Find the moment of inertia of the
cross about a bisector as shown dotted in the figure.

Q.14 In the figure shown find momentum of inertia of a plate having mass M, length  and width b about axis
1,2,3 and 4. Assume that C is centre and mass is uniformly distributed

4 2
1

C
3 b

Q.15 Find the moment of inertia of a solid cylinder of mass M and radius R about a line parallel to the axis
of the cylinder and on the surface of the cylinder.

Q.16 A uniform disc of radius R has a round disc of radius R/3 cut as shown in
Fig. .The mass of the remaining (shaded) portion of the disc equals M.
Find the moment of inertia of such a disc relative to the axis passing
through geometrical centre of original disc and perpendicular to the plane
of the disc.

Q.17 Determine the point of application of force, when forces of 20 N & 30 N

are acting on the rod as shown in figure.

Q.18 A wheel of radius r and moment of inertia  about its axis is

fixed at the top of an inclined plane of inclination  as shown in
figure. A string is wrapped round the wheel and its free end
supports a block of mass M which can slide on the plane.
Initially, the wheel is rotating at a speed  in a direction such
that the block slides up the plane. How far will the block move
before stopping ?
////////////////////////////

Q.19 The pulley shown in figure has a moment of inertia  about its axis and 
R
its radius is R. Find the magnitude of the acceleration of the two blocks.
Assume that the string is light and does not slip on the pulley. m
M

Q.20 A uniform rod of mass m and length  can rotate in vertical plane about a smooth horizontal axis hinged
at point H.
(i) Find angular acceleration  of the rod just after it is released
from initial horizontal position from rest ?
(ii) Calculate the acceleration (tangential and radial) of point A at this moment.

Q.21 A uniform rod of mass m and length  can rotate in vertical plane about
a smooth horizontal axis hinged at point H. Find force exerted by the
hinge just after the rod is released from rest, from an initial horizontal
position ?

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Q.22 Two small kids weighing 10 kg and 15 kg are trying to balance a seesaw
of total length 5.0 m, with the fulcrum at the centre. If one of the kids is
sitting at an end, where should the other sit ?

Q.23 A uniform ladder of mass 10 kg leans against a smooth vertical wall making an angle of 53° with it. The
other ends rests on a rough horizontal floor. Find the normal force and the friction force that the floor
exerts on the ladder.

Q.24 The ladder shown in figure has negligible mass and rests on a frictionless
floor. The crossbar connected the two legs of the ladder at the middle.
The angle between the two legs is 60°. The fat person sitting on the
ladder has a mass of 80 kg. Find the constant forces exerted by the
floor on each leg and the tension in the crossbar.

Q.25 A stationary uniform rod of mass 'm' , length '' leans against a smooth
vertical wall making an angle with rough horizontal floor. Find the
normal force & frictional force that is exerted by the floor on the rod ?

Q.26 A uniform rod of mass m and length  is kept vertical with the lower end clamped. It is slightly pushed
to let it fall down under gravity. Find its angular speed when the rod is passing through its lowest
position. Neglect any friction at the clamp. What will be the linear speed of the free end at this instant?

Q.27 A particle is projected at time t = 0 from a point P with a speed v 0 at an angle of 45° to the horizontal.
Find the magnitude and the direction of the angular momentum of the particle about the point P at time
t = v 0/g.

Q.28 A particle of mass 'm' starts moving from point (o,d) with a
constant velocity u î . Find out its angular momentum about
origin at this moment what will be the answer at the later time?

Q.29 A particle of mass'm' is projected on horizontal ground with an initial

velocity of u making an angle with horizontal . Find out the angular
momentum at any time t of particle p about :
(i) y axis
(ii) z-axis

Q.30 Two small balls A and B, each of mass m, are attached rigidly to the ends of a light rod of length d. The
structure rotates about the perpendicular bisector of the rod at an angular speed . Calculate the
angular momentum of the individual balls and of the system about the axis of rotation.

Q.31 Two particles of mass m each are attached to a light rod of length d, one at its centre and the other at
a free end. The rod is fixed at the other end and is rotated in a plane at an angular speed . Calculate
the angular momentum of the particle at the end with respect to the particle at the centre.

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Q.32 A uniform circular disc of mass 200 g and radius 4.0 cm is rotated about one of its diameter at an
angular speed of 10 rad/s. Find the kinetic energy of the disc and its angular momentum about the axis
of rotation.

Q.33 A uniform rod of mass M and length a lies on a smooth horizontal plane. A particle of mass m moving
at a speed v perpendicular to the length of the rod strikes it at a distance a/4 from the centre and stops
after the collision. Find (a) the velocity of the centre of the rod and (b) the angular velocity of the rod
about its centre just after the collision.

Q.34 A uniform rod of mass m and length can rotate freely on a smooth
horizontal plane about a vertical axis hinged at point H. A point mass
having same mass m coming with an initial speed u perpendicular to
the rod, strkes the rod inelastically at its free end. Find out the angular
velocity of the rod just after collision ?

Q.35 A uniform sphere of mass 200 g rolls without slipping on a plane surface so that its centre moves at a
speed of 2.00 cm/s. Find its kinetic energy.

Q.36 A wheel of perimeter 220 cm rolls on a level road at a speed of 9 km/h. How many revolutions does the
wheel make per second ?


VA

Q.37 Find VB

VC

VD

Q.38 A cylinder is released from rest from the top of an incline of inclination  and length  . If the cylinder
rolls without slipping, what will be its speed when it reaches the bottom ?

Q.39 Figure shows two cylinders of radii r 1 and r2 having moments of inertia 1 and 2
about their respective axes. Initially, the cylinders rotate about their axes with
angular speed 1 and 2 as shown in the figure. The cylinders are moved closed
to touch each other keeping the axes parallel. The cylinders first slip over each
other at the contact but the slipping finally ceases due to the friction between
them. Find the angular speeds of the cylinders after the slipping ceases.

Q.40 A cylinder of mass m is suspended through two strings wrapped around

it as shown in figure. Find (a) the tension T in the string and (b) the
speed of the cylinder as it falls through a distance h.

Q.41 A force F acts tangentially at the highest point of a sphere of mass m kept on a rough
horizontal plane. If the sphere rolls without slipping, find the acceleration of the centre
of the sphere.

Q.42 A sphere of mass M and radius r shown in figure slips on a rough horizontal
plane. At some instant it has translational velocity v 0 and rotational velocity
v0
about the centre 2 r . Find the translational velocity after the sphere starts
pure rolling.

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EXERCISE # I

SINGLE CHOICE
Q.1 A point mass mA is connected to a point mass mB by a massless rod of
length l as shown in the figure. It is observed that the ratio of the moment
of inertia of the system about the two axes BB and AA, which is parallel to
I BB
each other and perpendicular to the rod is I =3. The distance of the
AA

centre of mass of the system from the mass A is

(A) (3/4) l (B) (2/3) l (C) (1/2) l (D) (1/4) l

Q.2 For the same total mass which of the following will have the largest moment of inertia about an axis
passing through its centre of mass and perpendicular to the plane of the body
(A) a disc of radius a (B) a ring of radius a
(C) a square lamina of side 2a (D) four rods forming a square of side 2a

Q.3 Find the moment of inertia of a plate cut in shape of a right angled triangle
of mass M, side AC = BC = a, about an axis perpendicular to
the plane of the plate and passing through the mid point of side AB
Ma 2 Ma 2 Ma 2 2Ma 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 6 3 3
Q.4 Two rods of equal mass m and length l lie along the x axis and y axis with their centres origin. What is the
moment of inertia of both about the line x=y :
ml 2 ml 2 ml 2 ml 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 4 12 6

Q.5 Moment of inertia of a rectangular plate about an axis passing through P and
perpendicular to the plate is I. Then moment of PQR about an axis perpendicular
to the plane of the plate:
(A) about P = I/2 (B) about R = I/2
(C) about P > I/2 (D) about R > I/2

Q.6 Let I1, I2 and I3 be the moment of inertia of a uniform square plate about
axes AOC, xDx' and yBy' respectively as shown in the figure. The
moments of inertia of the plate I1 : I2 : I3 are in the ratio.
1 1 12 12
(A) 1 : : (B) 1 : :
7 7 7 7
7 7
(C) 1 : : (D) 1 : 7 : 7
12 12

Q.7 A thin uniform rod of mass M and length L has its moment of inertia I1 about its perpendicular bisector.
The rod is bend in the form of a semicircular arc. Now its moment of inertia through the centre ofthe semi
circular arc and perpendicular to its plane is I2. The ratio of I1 : I2 will be _______
(A) < 1 (B) > 1 (C) = 1 (D) can’t be said

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Q.8 The moment of inertia of semicircular plate of radius R and mass M
about axis AA’ in its plane passing through its centre is
MR 2 MR 2 MR 2 MR 2
(A) (B) cos 2  (C) sin 2  (D)
2 4 2 4

Q.9 In the triangular sheet given PQ = QR = l. If M is the mass of the sheet.

What is the moment of inertial about PR
Ml 2 Ml 2 Ml 2 Ml 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
24 12 6 18

Q.10 Moment of inertia of a thin semicircular disc (mass = M & radius = R) about an axis through point O and
perpendicular to plane of disc, is given by :
1 1 1
(A) MR2 (B) MR2 (C) MR2 (D) MR2
4 2 8

Q.11 Moment of inertia of a semicircular ring of radius R and mass M ; about an axis passing through A and
perpendicular to the plane of the paper is
2 5
(A) MR2 (B) MR2 (C) MR2 (D) 2MR2
3 

Q.12 A square sheet of edge length L and uniform mass per unit area  is used to form a hollow cylinder. The
moment of inertia of this cylinder about the central axis is
2  L4  L4
(A) (B)
2 4 2
 L4
(C)  L2 (D)
3 2 2

Q.13 A square plate of mass M and edge L is shown in figure. The moment of inertia of
the plate about the axis in the plane of plate passing through one of its vertex
making an angle 15° from horizontal is.
ML2 11ML2 7 ML2
(A) (B) (C) (D) none
12 24 12

Q.14 A wire of mass M and length L is bent in the form of a circular ring. The moment of inertia of the ring about
its axis is
 1   1 
(A)  2  ML2 (B) (82)ML2 (C)  2  ML2 (D) (42)ML2
 8   4 

Q.15 The figure shows a uniform rod lying along the x-axis. The locus of all the points
lying on the xy-plane, about which the moment of inertia of the rod is same as that
about O is
(A) an ellipse (B) a circle (C) a parabola (D) a straight line

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Q.16 Consider the following statements
Assertion (A): The moment of inertia of a rigid body reduces to its minimum value as compared to any
other parallel axis when the axis of rotation passes through its centre of mass.
Reason (R): The weight of a rigid body always acts through its centre of mass in uniform gravitational
field.
Of these statements:
(A) both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
(C) A is true but R is false
(D) A is false but R is true

Question No. 17 to 20 (4 questions)

The figure shows an isosceles triangular plate of mass M and base L. The angle
at the apex is 90°. The apex lies at the origin and the base is parallel
to X–axis
Q.17 The moment of inertia of the plate about the z-axis is
ML2 ML2 ML2
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
12 24 6
Q.18 The moment of inertia of the plate about the x-axis is
ML2 ML2 ML2 ML2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 32 24 6
Q.19 The moment of inertia of the plate about its base parallel to the x-axis is
ML2 ML2 ML2
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
18 36 24
Q.20 The moment of inertia of the plate about the y-axis is
ML2 ML2 ML2
(A) (B) (C) (D) none of these
6 8 24

Q.21 A horizontal force F = mg/3 is applied on the upper surface of a uniform cube of mass ‘m’ and side ‘a’
which is resting on a rough horizontal surface having S = 1/2. The distance between lines of action of
‘mg’ and normal reaction ‘N’ is :
(A) a/2 (B) a/3 (C) a/4 (D) None

Q.22 A man can move on a horizontal plank supported symmetrically as shown.

The variation of normal reaction on support A with distance x of the
man from the end of the plank is best represented by -
( considering only the graph from A to B )

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q.23 A body weighs 6 gms when placed in one pan and 24 gms when placed on the other pan of a false
balance. If the beam is horizontal when both the pans are empty, the true weight of the body is :
(A) 13 gm (B) 12 gm (C) 15.5 gm (D) 15 gm

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Q.24 A weightless rod is acted on by upward parallel forces of 2N and 4N at ends A and B respectively. The
total length of the rod AB = 3m. To keep the rod in equilibrium a force of 6N should act in the following
manner:
(A) Downwards at any point between A and B.
(B) Downwards at mid point of AB.
(C) Downwards at a point C such that AC = 1m.
(D) Downwards at a point D such that BD = 1m.

Q.25 A 5 m long pole of 3 kg mass is placed against a smooth vertical wall as

shown in the figure. Under equilibrium condition, if the pole makes an angle
of 37° with the horizontal, the frictional force between the pole and horizontal
surface is
(A) 20 N (B) 30 N
(C) 20 N (D) 30 N

Q.26 Two uniform rods of equal length but different masses are rigidly joined to form
an L-shaped body, which is then pivoted as shown. If in equilibrium the body is
in the shown configuration, ratio M/m will be:
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 3

Q.27 A right triangular plate ABC of mass m is free to rotate in the vertical plane about
a fixed horizontal axis through A. It is supported by a string such that the side AB
is horizontal. The reaction at the support A is:
mg 2mg mg
(A) (B) (C) (D) mg
3 3 2

Q.28 In an experiment with a beam balance on unknown mass m is balanced by two known masses of 16 kg
and 4 kg as shown in figure.

The value of the unknown mass m is

(A) 10 kg (B) 6 kg (C) 8 kg (D) 12 kg

Q.29 A uniform cube of side ‘b’ and mass M rest on a rough horizontal table. A
horizontal force F is applied normal to one of the face at a point, at a height
3b/4 above the base. What should be the coefficient of friction () between
cube and table so that is will tip about an edge before it starts slipping?
2 1 3
(A)  > (B)  > (C)  > (D) none
3 3 2

Q.30 A homogeneous cubical brick lies motionless on a rough inclined surface.

The half of the brick which applies greater pressure on the plane is :
(A) left half (B) right half
(C) both applies equal pressure (D) the answer depend upon coefficient of friction

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Q.31 Find minimum height of obstacle so that the sphere can stay in equilibrium.
R R
(A) (B)
1  cos  1  sin 
(C) R (1– sin) (D) R (1 – cos)

Q.32 A hollow cone of radius R and height 2R is placed on an inclined plane of inclination . If  is increased
gradually, at what value of  the cone will topple. Assume sufficient friction is present to prevent slipping.
(A) tan–1 (2/3) (B) tan–1(3/2) (C) sin–1 (2/3) (D) cos–1(2/3)

Q.33 A smooth rod of length l is kept inside a trolley at an angle  as shown in the
figure. What should be the acceleration a of the trolley so that the rod remains in
equilibrium with respect to it?
(A) g tan (B) g cos (C) g sin (D) g cot

Q.34 A uniform ladder of length 5m is placed against the wall as shown in the figure. If
coefficient of friction  is the same for both the walls, what is the minimum value of 
for it not to slip?
1 1 1 1
(A)  = (B)  = (C)  = (D)  =
2 4 3 5

Q.35 A uniform cylinder rests on a cart as shown. The coefficient of static friction between the cylinder and the
cart is 0.5. If the cylinder is 4 cm in diameter and 10 cm in height, which of the following is the minimum
acceleration of the cart needed to cause the cylinder to tip over?
(A) 2 m/s2
(B) 4 m/s2
(C) 5 m/s2
(D) the cylinder would slide before it begins to tip over.

Q.36 A uniform rod of mass m and length l hinged at its end is released from rest when it is in the horizontal
position. The normal reaction at the hinge when the rod becomes vertical is :
Mg 3Mg 5Mg
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2 Mg
2 2 2

Q.37 A rod is hinged at its centre and rotated by applying a constant torque starting from rest. The power
developed by the external torque as a function of time is :

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q.38 A pulley is hinged at the centre and a massless thread is wrapped around it. The thread is pulled with a
constant force F starting from rest. As the time increases,
(A) its angular velocity increases, but force on hinge remains constant
(B) its angular velocity remains same, but force on hinge increases
(C) its angular velocity increases and force on hinge increases
(D) its angular velocity remains same and force on hinge is constant

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Q.39 The angular momentum of a flywheel having a moment of inertia of 0.4 kg m2 decreases from
30 to 20 kg m2/s in a period of 2 second . The average torque acting on the flywheel during this period is :
(A) 10 N . m (B) 2.5 N . m (C) 5 N . m (D) 1.5 N . m

Q.40 For the pivoted slender rod of length l as shown in figure, the angular velocity as the bar reaches the
vertical position after being released in the horizontal position is
g 24g
(A) (B)
l 19l

24g 4g
(C) (D)
7l l

Q.41 A uniform cylinder of mass m can rotate freely about its own axis which is horizontal. A particle of mass
mo hangs from the end of a light string wound round the cylinder which does not slip over it. When the
system is allowed to move, the acceleration of the descending mass will be
2mo g mo g 2m o g mo g
(A) m  2 m (B) m  m (C) m  m (D) 2 m  m
o o o o

Q.42 A uniform rod of length l, hinged at the lower end is free to rotate in the vertical plane . If the rod is held
vertically in the beginning and then released, the angular acceleration of the rod when it makes an angle of
45o with the horizontal (I = ml2/3)
3g 6g 2g 2g
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2l 2l l l

Q.43 A block of mass m is attached to a pulley disc of equal mass m, radius r

by means of a slack string as shown. The pulley is hinged about its centre
on a horizontal table and the block is projected with an initial velocity of
5 m/s. Its velocity when the string becomes taut will be
(A) 3 m/s (B) 2.5 m/s
(C) 5/3 m/s (D) 10/3 m/s

Q.44 A small bead of mass m moving with velocity v gets threaded on a stationary semicircular
ring of mass m and radius R kept on a horizontal table. The ring can freely rotate about its
centre. The bead comes to rest relative to the ring. What will be the final angular velocity
of the system?
(A) v/R (B) 2v/R
(C) v/2R (D) 3v/R

Q.45 A small object is attached to a light string which passes through a hollow tube. The tube is held by one
hand and the string by the other. The object is stet into rotation in a circle of radius r1. The string is then
pulled down, shortening the radius of the circle to r2. The ratio of the new kinetic energy to original kinetic
energy is
2 2
r1  r1   r2 
(A) r (B) 1 (C)   (D)  
2  r2   r1 

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Q.46 A particle of mass 0.5 kg is rotating in a circular path of radius 2m and centrepetal force on it is
9 Newtons. Its angular momentum (in J·sec) is:
(A) 1.5 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 18

Q. 47, 48,49
A rectangular rigid fixed block has a long horizontal edge. A solid homogenous cylinder of radius R is
placed horizontally at rest with its length parallel to edge such that axis of cylinder & edge of block are in
same vertical plane as shown in figure.

There is sufficient friction present at edge, so that a very small displacement causes cylinder to roll off
edge without slipping.

Q. 47. Angle  c through which cylinder before leaving contact with edge

1  2 1 4 1  4 1 2
(a) cos   (b) cos (c) cos   (d) cos
 3 9 7 5
Q.48 Speed of com of cylinder before leaving contact with edge
4 gR 5 gR 3 gR 2 gR
(a) (b) (c) (d)
7 7 7 5
Q.49. Ratio of translational to Rotational kinetic energies of cylinder when centre of mass is in horizontal line
with edge
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 6

Q.50 Two particles of mass m each are fixed at the opposite ends of a massless rod of length 5m which is
oriented vertically on a smooth horizontal surface and released. Find the displacement of the lower mass
on the ground when the rod makes an angle of 37° with the vertical.
(A) 1.5 m (B) 2 m (C) 2.5 m (D) 3.5 m

Q.51 A particle starts from the point (0m, 8m) and moves with uniform velocity of
3 i m/s. After 5 seconds, the angular velocity of the particle about the origin
will be :
8 3 24 8
(A) rad/s (B) rad/s (C) rad/s (D) rad/s
289 8 289 17

Q.52 Two points of a rigid body are moving as shown. The angular velocity of
the body is:
  2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2R R R 3R

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Q.53 There is rod of length l. The velocities of its two ends are v1 and v2 in opposite directions normal to the
rod. The distance of the instantaneous axis of rotation from v1 is:
v2 v1l
(A) zero (B) v  v l (C) v  v (D) l/2
1 2 1 2

Q.54 A disc of radius R is rolling purely on a flat horizontal surface, with a constant angular
velocity. The angle between the velocity and acceleration vectors of point P is
(A) zero (B) 45° (C) 135° (D) tan–1(1/2)
Q.55 to Q.56
A uniform disc of mass m & radius R is projected horizontally with velocity v0 on much horizontal
floor, so that it purely slides at time t  0 . At t  t 0 , it acquires pure rolling.
Q.55 Find velocity of centre of mass of that disc at to.
v0 2v0 3v0
(A) v0 (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4
Q.56. Assuming coefficient of friction to be  , calculate time
v0 v0 v0 2v0
(A) (B) (C) (D)
g 3g 2 g 3 g
Q.57 A ring of radius R rolls without sliding with a constant velocity. The radius of curvature of the path
followed by any particle of the ring at the highest point of its path will be
(A) R (B) 2R (C) 4R (D) None
Q.58 Two spheres are rolling with same velocity (for their C. M.) their ratio of kinetic energy is 2 : 1 & radius
ratio is 2 : 1, their mass ratio will be : (A) 2 : 1 (B) 4 : 1 (C) 8 : 1 (D) 2 2 : 1
Q.59 Two identical circular loops are moving with same kinetic energy one rolls & other slides. The ratio of
their speed is : (A) 2 : 3 (B) 2 : 2 (C) 2 :2 (D) 5 : 3
Q.60 A plank with a uniform sphere placed on it rests on a smooth horizontal plane. Plank is pulled to right by
a constant force F. If sphere does not slip over the plank. Which of the following is incorrect.
(A) Acceleration of the centre of sphere is less than that of the plank.
(B) Work done by friction acting on the sphere is equal to its total kinetic energy.
(C) Total kinetic energy of the system is equal to work done by the force F
(D) None of the above

Q.61 A time varying force F = 2t is applied on a spool rolling as shown in figure. The
angular momentum of the spool at time t about bottommost point is:
r 2t 2 (R  r) 2 2
(A) (B) t (C) (R + r)t2 (D) data is insufficient
R r

Q.62 A ring of mass m and radius R has three particles attached to the ring as
shown in the figure. The centre of the ring has a speed v0. The kinetic
energy of the system is: (Slipping is absent)
(A) 6 mv 20 (B) 12 mv 20
2 2
(C) 4 mv 0 (D) 8 mv 0

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Q.63 The linear speed of a uniform spherical shell after rolling down an inclined plane of vertical height h from
rest, is:
10gh 4gh 6gh
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2gh
7 5 5

Q.64 A solid uniform disk of mass m rolls without slipping down a fixed inclined plane with an acceleration a.
The frictional force on the disk due to surface of the plane is :
(A) 2 ma (B) 3/2 ma (C) ma (D) 1/2 ma

Q.65 A body kept on a smooth horizontal surface is pulled by a constant horizontal force applied at the top
point of the body. If the body rolls purely on the surface, its shape can be :
(A) thin pipe (B) uniform cylinder (C) uniform sphere (D) thin spherical shell

Q.66 A slender uniform rod of length  is balanced vertically at a point P on a horizontal surface having some
friction. If the top of the rod is displaced slightly to the right, the position of its centre of mass at the time
when the rod becomes horizontal :
(A) lies at some point to the right of P (B) lies at some point to the left of P
(C) must be /2 to the right of P (D) lies at P
Q.67 A solid sphere with a velocity (of centre of mass) v and angular velocity  is gently placed on a rough
horizontal surface. The frictional force on the sphere:
(A) must be forward (in direction of v) (B) must be backward (opposite to v)
(C) cannot be zero (D) none of the above
Q.68 A cylinder is pure rolling up an incline plane. It stops momentarily and then rolls back. The force of friction
(A) on the cyclinder is zero throughout the journey
(B) is directed opposite to the velocity of the centre of mass throughout the journey
(C) is directed up the plane throughout the journey
(D) is directed down the plane throughout the journey
Q.69 A uniform circular disc placed on a rough horizontal surface has initially a velocity v0 and an angular
velocity 0 as shown in the figure. The disc comes to rest after moving some distance in the direction of
v
motion. Then 0 is
r0
1 3
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D) 2
2 2
Q.70 On a solid sphere lying on a horizontal surface a force F is applied at a height of R/2 from the centre of
mass. The initial acceleration of a point at the top of the sphere is (there is no slipping at any point)
15F 15F 30 F F
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7M 14M 7M M
Q.71 A ball rolls down an inclined plane, figure. The ball is first released from
rest from P and then later from Q. Which of the following statement is/
are correct?
(i) The ball takes twice as much time to roll from Q to O as it does to roll
from P to O.
(ii) The acceleration of the ball at Q is twice as large as the acceleration
at P.
(iii) The ball has twice as much K.E. at O when rolling from Q as it does
when rolling from P.
(A) i, ii only (B) ii, iii only (C) i only (D) iii only

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Question No. 72 to 77 (6 questions)

In the following problems, indicate the correct direction of friction force acting on the cylinder, which is
pulled on a rough surface by a constant force F.

Q.72 A cylinder of mass M and radius R is pulled horizontally by a force F. The

friction force can be given by which of the following diagrams
(A) (B ) (C) (D) cannot be interpreted

Q.73 A cylinder is pulled horizontally by a force F acting at a point below the centre of
mass of the cylinder, as shown in figure. The friction force can be
given by which of the following diagrams
(A) (B ) (C) (D) cannot be interpreted
Q.74 A cylinder is pulled horizontally by a force F acting at a point above the centre of
mass of the cylinder, as shown in figure. The friction force can be
given by which of the following diagrams

(A) (B ) (C) (D) cannot be interpreted

Q.75 A cylinder is placed on a rough plank which in turn is placed on a smooth

surface. The plank is pulled with a constant force F. The friction force can
be given by which of the following diagrams
(A) (B) (C) (D) canot be interpreted

Q.76 A spool is pulled horizontally by a constant force F below the centre of mass.
The friction force can be given by which of the following diagrams

(A) (B ) (C) (D) cannot be interpreted

Q.77 A spool is pulled vertically by a constant force F (< Mg) as shown in figure
The friction force can be given by which of the following diagrams

(A) (B ) (C) (D) cannot be interpreted

Q.78 In the figure shown a ring A is initially rolling without sliding with a velocity v on the horizontal surface of
the body B (of same mass as A). All surfaces are smooth. B has no initial velocity. What will be the
maximum height reached by A on B.
3v 2 v2 v2 v2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4g 4g 2g 3g

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Q.79 Two equal masses each of mass M are joined by a massless rod of length L. Now an impulse MV is given
to the mass M making an angle of 30° with the length of the rod. The angular veloctiy of the rod just after
imparting the impulse is

v 2v
(A) (B)
L L
v
(C) (D) none of these
2L
Q.80 A thin uniform straight rod of mass 2 kg and length 1 m is free to rotate about its upper
end when at rest. It receives an impulsive blow of 10 Ns at its lowest point, normal to its
length as shown in figure. The kinetic energy of rod just after impact is
(A) 75 J (B) 100 J (C) 200 J (D) none

Q.81 A ball of mass m moving with velocity v, collide with the wall elastically as shown
in the figure. After impact the change in angular momentum about P is:
(A ) 2 mvd (B) 2 mvd cos (C) 2 mvd sin  (D) zero

Q.82 A uniform rod AB of length L and mass M is lying on a smooth table.

A small particle of mass m strike the rod with a velocity v0 at point
C at a distance x from the centre O. The particle comes to rest after
collision. The value of x, so that point A of the rod remains ststionary
just after collision is:
(A) L/3 (B) L/6 (C) L/4 (D) L/12

Q.83 Two particles of equal mass m at A and B are connected by a rigid light rod AB lying on a smooth
horizontal table. An impulse J is applied at A in the plane of the table and perpendicular at AB.
Then the velocity of particle at A is:
J J 2J
(A) (B) (C) (D) zero
2m m m

Q.84 A uniform rod of mass M has an impulse applied at right angles to one end. If the other end begins to
move with speed V, the magnitude of the impulse is
MV 2MV
(A) MV (B) (C) 2MV (D)
2 3

Q.85 A uniform rod AB of mass m and length l is at rest on a smooth horizontal surface. An impulse J is applied
l
to the end B, perpendicular to the rod in the horizontal direction. Speed of particle P at a distance from
6
πml
the centre towards A of the rod after time t = is
12J
J J J J
(A) 2 (B) (C) (D) 2
m 2m m m

Q.86 A uniform rod of mass M is hinged at its upper end. A particle of mass m moving

horizontally strikes the rod at its mid point elastically. If the particle comes to rest after
collision find the value of M/m =?
(A) 3/4 (B) 4/3 (C) 2/3 (D) none
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EXERCISE # II
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION MAY BE CORRECT

Q.1 ABCD is a square plate with centre O. The moments of inertia of the
plate about the perpendicular axis through O is I and about the axes 1,
2, 3 & 4 are I1, I2, I3 & I4 respectively. It follows that :
(A) I2 = I3 (B) I = I1 + I4
(C) I = I2 + I4 (D) I1 = I3
Q.2 A rod of weight w is supported by two parallel knife edges A and B and is in equilibrium in a horizontal
position. The knives are at a distance d from each other. The centre of mass of the rod is at a distance x
from A.
wx w (d  x )
(A) the normal reaction at A is (B) the normal reaction at A is
d d
wx w (d  x )
(C) the normal reaction at B is (D) the normal reaction at B is
d d

Q.3 A block with a square base measuring axa and height h, is placed on an inclined plane. The coefficient of
friction is  . The angle of inclination () of the plane is gradually increased. The block will
a a
(A) topple before sliding if   (B) topple before sliding if  
h h
a a
(C) slide before toppling if   (D) slide before toppling if  
h h
Q.4 A body is in equilibrium under the influence of a number of forces. Each force has a different line of action.
The minimum number of forces required is
(A) 2, if their lines of action pass through the centre of mass of the body.
(B) 3, if their lines of action are not parallel.
(C) 3, if their lines of action are parallel.
(D) 4, if their lines of action are parallel and all the forces have the same magnitude.
Q.5 If a person sitting on a rotating stool with his hands outstretched, suddenly lowers his hands, then his
(A) Kinetic energy will decrease (B) Moment of inertia will decrease
(C) Angular momentum will increase (D) Angular velocity will remain constant

Q.6 Four point masses are fastened to the corners of a frame of negligible
mass lying in the xy plane. Let w be the angular speed of rotation. Then
(A) rotational kinetic energy associated with a given angular speed
depends on the axis of rotation.
(B) rotational kinetic energy about y-axis is independent of m and its
value is M a22.
(C) rotational kinetic energy about z-axis depends on m and its value is (Ma2 + mb2)2.
(D) rotational kinetic energy about z-axis is independent of m and its value is Mb22.

Q.7 A block of mass m moves on a horizontal rough surface with initial velocity v. The height of the centre of
mass of the block is h from the surface. Consider a point A on the surface.
(A) angular momentum about A is mvh initially
(B) the velocity of the block decreases as time passes.
(C) torque of the forces acting on block is zero about A
(D) angular mometum is not conserved about A.
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Q.8 A paritcle falls freely near the surface of the earth. Consider a fixed point O (not vertically below the
particle) on the ground.
(A) Angular momentum of the particle about O is increasing .
(B) Torque of the gravitational force on the particle about O is decreasing.
(C) The moment of inertia of the particle about O is decreasing .
(D) The angular velocity of the particle about O is increasing.
Q.9 A man spinning in free space changes the shape of his body, eg. by spreading his arms or curling up. By
doing this, he can change his
(A) moment of inertia (B) angular momentum (C) angular velocity (D) rotational kinetic energy
Q.10 A ring rolls without slipping on the ground. Its centre C moves with a constant speed u. P is any point on
the ring. The speed of P with respect to the ground is .
(A) 0  2u
(B)  = u, if CP is horizontal
(C)  = u, if CP makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal and P is below the horizontal level of C.
(D)  = 2u , if CP is horizontal
Q.11 A yo-yo is resting on a perfectly rough horizontal table. Forces F1, F2 and F3
are applied separately as shown. The correct statement is
(A) when F3 is applied the centre of mass will move to the right.
(B) when F2 is applied the centre of mass will move to the left.
(C) when F1 is applied the centre of mass will move to the right.
(D) when F2 is applied the centre of mass will move to the right.
Q.12 A disc of circumference s is at rest at a point A on a horizontal surface when
a constant horizontal force begins to act on its centre. Between A and B
there is sufficient friction to prevent slipping, and the surface is smooth to
the right of B. AB = s. The disc moves from A to B in time T. To the right
of B,
(A) the angular acceleration of the disc will disappear, linear acceleration will remain unchanged
(B) linear acceleration of the disc will increase (C) the disc will make one rotation in time T/2
(D) the disc will cover a distance greater than s in further time T.
Q.13 A plank with a uniform sphere placed on it, rests on a smooth horizontal
plane. Plank is pulled to right by a constant force F. If the sphere does
not slip over the plank.
(A) acceleration of centre of sphere is less than that of the plank
(B) acceleration of centre of sphere is greater than the plank because
friction acts rightward on the sphere
(C) acceleration of the centre of sphere may be towards left.
(D) acceleration of the centre of sphere relative to plank may be greater than that of the plank relative to
floor.
Q.14 A hollow sphere of radius R and mass m is fully filled with water of mass m. It is rolled down a horizontal
plane such that its centre of mass moves with a velocity v. If it purely rolls
5 4
(A) K inetic energy of the sphere is mv2 (B) Kinetic energy of the sphere is mv2
6 5
8
(C) Angular momentum of the sphere about a fixed point on ground is mvR
3
14
(D) Angular momentum of the sphere about a fixed point on ground is mvR
5

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Q.15 In the figure shown, the plank is being pulled to the right with a constant speed v. If the cylinder does not
slip then:
(A) the speed of the centre of mass of the cylinder is 2v.
(B) the speed of the centre of mass of the cylinder is zero.
(C) the angular velocity of the cylinder is v/R.
(D) the angular velocity of the cylinder is zero.

Q.16 If a cylinder is rolling down the incline with sliding.

(A) after some time it may start pure rolling (B) after sometime it will start pure rolling
(C) it may be possible that it will never start pure rolling (D) none of these
Q.17 Which of the following statements are correct.
(A) friction acting on a cylinder without sliding on an inclined surface is always upward along the incline
irrespective of any external force acting on it.
(B) friction acting on a cylinder without sliding on an inclined surface is may be upward may be downwards
depending on the external force acting on it.
(C) friction acting on a cylinder rolling without sliding may be zero depending on the external force acting
on it.
(D) nothing can be said exactly about it as it depends on the friction coefficient on inclined plane.
Question No. 18 to 20 (3 questions)
A cylinder and a ring of same mass M and radius R are placed on the top of a rough inclined plane of
inclination . Both are released simultaneously from the same height h.
Q.18 Choose the correct statement(s) related to the motion of each body
(A) The friction force acting on each body opposes the motion of its centre of mass
(B) The friction force provides the necessary torque to rotate the body about its centre of mass
(C) Without friction none of the two bodies can roll
(D) The friction force ensures that the point of contact must remain stationary
Q.19 Identify the correct statement(s)
(A) The friction force acting on the cylinder may be more than that acting on the ring
(B) The friction force acting on the ring may be more than that acting on the cylinder
(C) If the friction is sufficient to roll the cylinder then the ring will also roll
(D) If the friction is sufficient to roll the ring then the cylinder will also roll
Q.20 When these bodies roll down to the foot of the inclined plane, then
(A) the mechanical energy of each body is conserved
gh
(B) the velocity of centre of mass of the cylinder is 2
3
(C) the velocity of centre of mass of the ring is gh

(D) the velocity of centre of mas of each body is 2gh

Question No. 21 to 24 (4 questions)
A ring of mass M and radius R sliding with a velocity v0 suddenly enters
into rough surface where the coefficient of friction is , as shown in figure.
Q.21 Choose the correct statement(s)
(A) As the ring enters on the rough surface, the limiting friction force acts on it
(B) The direction of friction is opposite to the direction of motion
(C) The friction force accelerates the ring in the clockwise sense about its centre of mass
(D) As the ring enters on the rough surface it starts rolling

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Q.22 Choose the correct statement(s)
(A) The momentum of the ring is conserved
(B) The angular momentum of the ring is conserved about its centre of mass
(C) The angular momentum of the ring conserved about any point on the horizontal surface
(D) The mechanical energy of the ring is conserved
Q.23 Choose the correct statement(s)
(A) The ring starts its rolling motion when the centre of mas stationary
(B) The ring starts rolling motion when the point of contact becomes stationary
v0 v
(C) The time after which the ring starts rolling is (D) The rolling velocity is 0
2g 2
Q.24 Choose the correct alternative(s) 3v 02
(A) The linear distance moved by the centre of mass before the ring starts rolling is
8g
3 2 mv 02
(B) The net work done by friction force is – mv 0 (C) The loss is kinetic energy of the ring is
8 4
mv 02
(D) The gain in rotational kinetic energy is +
8
Q.25 Consider a sphere of mass ‘m’ radius ‘R’ doing pure rolling motion on a rough

surface having velocity v 0 as shown in the Figure. It makes an elastic impact
with the smooth wall and moves back and starts pure rolling after some time again.
(A) Change in angular momentum about ‘O’ in the entire motion equals 2mv0R
in magnitude.
(B) Moment of impulse provided by the wall during impact about O equals 2mv0R in magnitude.
3 3
(C) Final velocity of ball will be v0 (D) Final velocity of ball will be – v0 .
7 7

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EXERCISE # III
Comprehension Type
PASSAGE1
Angular velocity is defined as the rate of change of angular displacement.
The angular velocity is a measure of the degree of rotation of body. For a rigid body  is constant.
All angular variables (such as angular displacement, angular velocity and angular acceleration) are
directed along the axis of rotation and perpendicular to plane. Rotating rigid object has two
acceleration, one centripetal and other tangential both accelerations being normal to each other.
1. A disc of radius R rolls on a horizontal ground with linear acceleration “a” and angular acceleration
 as shown in figure. The magnitude of acceleration of point P at an instant, when its linear velocity
is v and angular velocity is  , will be.
2 ar P Let OP  r
(a) a  r   ( r2 ) 2 (b) v, a
R RO

(c) r 2 a 2  r 2 4 (d) r 
2. A disc is rotating clockwise at 20 radian/sec. Its centre has velocity 30 m/s in the forward direction.
It has radius of 20 m. The
(a) velocity of topmost point is 430 m/s in forward direction.
(b) velocity of lowermost point is 370 m/s in backward direction.
(c) velocity of topmost point is 400 m/s (forward).
(d) velocity of lower most point is 50 m/s (forward).
3. The topmost and bottom most points have velocities V1 and V2 in the same direction. The radius of
sphere is R.
Then the correct options are
P v1
Q
R /2
O
R
v2
V1  V2
(a) Angular velocity of sphere about cm is  = clockwise.
2R
3v  v 2
(b) The Linear velocity at point P is Vp  1 .
4
 3
(c) The Linear velocity at point Q is VP  R ˆj
2
 v  v2 
(d) Velocity of centre of mass is  1 .
 2 

PASSAGE2
Two blocks of mass m1 =10 kg and m2 = 5 kg connected to each other by a massless inextensible
string of length 0.3 m are placed along a diameter of turn table. The coefficient of friction between
the table and m1 is 0.5 while there is no friction between m2 and the table. The table is rotating with
an angular velocity 10 radian/sec about a vertical axis passing through its centre O. The masses are
placed along a diameter of the table on either side of the centre O such that the mass m1 is at a
distance of 0.124 m from O. The masses are observed to be at rest with rest with respect to an
observer on the turn table.
1. Calculate the frictional force on m1:
(a) 128 N (b) 88 N (c) 36 N (d) 24 N
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2. What should be the minimum angular speed of the turn table, so that the masses will slip from this
position :
(a) 11.67 radian/sec (b) 9.67 radian/sec
(c) 10 radian/sec (d) 7.67 radian/sec
3. How should be masses be placed with the string remaining constant, so that there is no frictional
force acting on the mass m1 (find distance of m1 from centre)
(a) 0.1 m (b) 0.2 m (c) 0.3 m (d) 0.4 m

PASSAGE3
The combined effect of translation of centre of mass and rotation about an axis through the centre of mass
are equivalent to pure rotation with the same angular speed about an axis through the point of contact of
rolling body.

To illustrate the above result , let us represent the instantaneous velocities acting at Q 2 v cm
various points on the cylinder when it is rolling. Let vcm be the speed of centre of mass
as observed by an observed fixed with respect to surface. Then the instantaneous C
v cm
vcm
angular speed of the cylinder about an axis passing through P is given by . The P
R
velocity of a point at Q is therefore given by .2 R  2vcm at that instant.
The point P is instantaneously at rest. So from the point of view of the pure rotation about P , the situation is
shown in figure below. The rolling of a cylinder as a combination of the centre of mass and rotation of
centre of mass about its axis is shown in the figure.
Q v cm v cm   R
Q 2 v cm
Q

v cm C
C v cm
P
P v cm
  R   v cm P
Pure translatio n
Pure rotation Combined motion
1. A solid disc rolls clockwise without slipping over a horizontal path with a constant speed v. Then the
magnitude of the velocities of topmost , leftmost and bottommost points with respect to standing
observer are respectively.
(a) v , v and v (b) 2v , 2v and zero
(c) 2v , v and zero (d) 2v , 2v and 2v
2. A disc is rolling (without slipping ) on a horizontal surface. C is its centre and Q and P are two points
equidistant from C, Q is above the centre and P is below the centre. Let vp , vQ and vC be the
magnitudes of velocities of points P ,Q and C respectively , then :
1
(a) vQ > vC > vP (b) vQ < vC < vP (c) vQ =vP , vC = vP (d) vQ < vC > Vp
2
3. A cylinder is pulled by a force F acting at a point above the centre of mass of the cylinder as
shown in figure. The direction of friction (f) acting on the cylinder on a rough surface will be
represented by :
F
C

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F
F F
C
C C

(a) f (b) f (c) f 0 (d) Cannot be interpreted

4. When a body rolls on the horizontal surface ,

(a) its point of contact does not slip with respect to the surface.
(b) its point of contact moves with speed and acceleration of the surface.
(c) the centre of mass moves along straight line
(d) the top most always move faster than the lowest point of contact.

EXERCISE # IV
COLUMN MATCHING QUESTIONS

1. A circular body of mass M and radius R, initially spinning about its centre of mass with 0 is gently
placed on a rough horizontal surface. The moment of inertia of body about its C.M is I cm  MK 2 . If
the coefficient of friction between the body and the surface is  then :
Column I Column II
(A) Translational work done by the friction (P)  ve
(B) Rotational work done by the friction (Q) + ve
(C) Larger the moment of inertia of body,
the time required for rolling motion (R) smaller
(D) Larger the moment of inertia of the
body, work done by the friction (S) greater

2. Suppose a force F is applied at the top most point of a rigid body of radius R and mass M.
Column I Column II
(A) Force of friction will be zero for (P) Solid sphere M
(B) Force of friction will be forward for (Q) Zero
(C) Force of friction will be backward for (R) Ring R
(D) If a = R  due to force itself,
then force of friction (S) No body

3. A rigid body of mass M and radius R rolling without slipping on the inclined plane, then the
magnitude of force of friction.

Column I Column II
(A) For ring (P) Mg sin  / 2.5
(B) For solid sphere (Q) Mg sin  / 3
(C) For solid cylinder (R) Mg sin  / 3.5
(D) For hollow sphere (S) Mg sin  / 2

4. A sphere is rolling without slipping with a velocity v on a horizontal surface

Column I Column II
(A) Velocity of lowest point (P) v 2
(B) Velocity at leftmost point (Q) Zero
(C) Velocity at highest point (R) v
(D) Velocity at centre (S) 2v
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EXERCISE # V
SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. Find the moment of inertia of a half-disc about an axis perpendicular to the plane and passing
through its centre of mass. Mass of this disc is M and radius is R.

2. The uniform rod AB of mass m is released from rest when  = 60º. Assuming that the friction
force between end A and the surface is large enough to prevent sliding, determine (for time just
after release)

(a) The angular acceleration of the rod

(b) The normal reaction and the friction force at A.
(c) The minimum value of  compatible with the described motion.

3. By pulling on the cord of a yo-yo just fast enough, a person manages to make the yo-yo spin
counterclockwise, while remaining at a constant height above the floor. Denoting the weight of
the yo-yo by W, the radius of the inner drum on which the cord is wound by r, and the radius of
gyration of the yo-yo by k, determine ;

(a) The tension in the cord (b) The angular acceleration of the yo-yo.

4. A rigid body is made of three identical thin rods each of length L fastened together in the form of
letter H. The body is free to rotate about a horizontal axis that passes through one of the legs of
the H. The body is allowed to fall from rest from a position in which the plane of H is horizontal.
What is the angular speed of the body, when the plane of H is vertical.

5. A solid cylinder of mass M = 1kg & radius R = 0.5m is pivoted at its centre & has three particles
of mass m = 0.1kg mounted at its perimeter as shown in the figure. The system is originally at
rest. Find the angular speed of the cylinder, when it has swung through 90 0 in anticlockwise
direction.

6. A rod of length R and mass M is free to rotate about a horizontal axis passing through hinge P as
in figure. First it is taken aside such that it becomes horizontal and then released. At the lowest
point the rod hits the block B of mass m and stops. Find the ratio of masses such that the block
B completes the circular track of radius R. Neglect any friction.

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7. The 6 kg carriage is supported as shown by two uniform disks, each having a mass of 4 kg and
a radius of 75 mm. Knowing that the carriage is initially at rest, determine the velocity of the
carriage 2.5 s after the 10 N force has been applied. Assume that the disks roll without sliding.

8. A bar of mass m is held as shown between 4 disks, each of mass m and radius r = 75 mm
Determine the acceleration of the bar immediately after it has been released from rest, knowing
that the normal forces exerted on the disks are sufficient to prevent any slipping and assuming
that ;

(a) m = 5 kg and m = 2 kg.

(b) The mass m of the disks is negligible.
(c) The mass m of the bar is negligible.

9. Determine the point of the rod AB of length 0.9 m at which the force P should be applied if the
acceleration of point B is to be zero. Knowing that the magnitude of P is 2.70 N, determine the
corresponding angular acceleration of the rod and the acceleration of the center of the rod. (
Mass of the rod is 1.5 kg. Force P is to be applied perpendicular to the rod and the rod is in
horizontal smooth plane ).

10. A uniform slender bar AB of mass m is suspended from two springs as shown. If spring 2 breaks,
determine at that instant ;

(a) The angular acceleration of the bar.

(b) The acceleration of point A.
(c) The acceleration of point B.

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11. A double pulley is attached to a slider block by a pin at B. The 2cm radius inner pulley is
rigidly attached to the 4cm radius outer pulley. Knowing that each of the two cords is pulled
at a constant speed of 12 cm/sec. as shown, determine :

(a) The instantaneous centre of rotation of double pulley

(b) The velocity of the slider block
(c) The length of cord wrapped or unwrapped on each pulley per second

12. The end B of rod AB which makes angle  with the floor is being pulled with a velocity v 0 as
shown. Taking the length of the rod as , calculate the following at the instant when  = 37º

(a) The velocity of end A (b) The angular velocity of rod

(c) Velocity of CM of the rod.

13. A rough plank of mass m is placed on a rough hollow cylinder of mass M. A constant force F
making an angle  with the horizontal (plank is also horizontal always) is applied to the plank.
Assuming no slipping any where. Find acceleration of the cylinder and friction force at A and B.

14. Two particles of masses 7 m and 3 m are fastened to the ends, A, B respectively of a weightless
rigid rod, 15 feet long, which is freely hinged at a point O, 5 feet from A. If the rod is just
disturbed from its position of unstable equilibrium. Find the velocity with which A will pass
through its position of stable equilibrium.

15. Two steel ball of equal diameter are connected by a rigid bar of negligible weight as shown &
are dropped in the horizontal position from height h above the heavy steel and brass base
plates. If the coefficient of restitution between the ball & steel base is 0.6 & that between the
other ball & the brass base is 0.4. Find the angular velocity of the bar immediately after
rebound. Assume the two impacts are simultaneous.
l=1m

h=0.1m

Steel Brass

16. A 500 g block P rests on a frictionless horizontal table at a distance of 400 mm from a fixed
pin O. The block is attached to pin O by an elastic cord of constant k = 100N/m and of
undeformed length 900 mm. If the block is set in motion perpendicularly, determine :

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(a) The speed in the beginning for which the distance from O to the block P
will reach the maximum value of 1.2 m,
(b) The speed when OP = 1.2 m
(c) The radius of curvature of the path of the block when OP = 1.2 m.

17. A bar of length L and mass m has a frictionless pivot through its mid point. There is an additional
point mass 2m on the right end of the bar and an additional point mass m on the left end of the
bar. The bar is held in horizontal position by a vertical cord attached at L/4 from the left end as
shown in the Figure. The additional masses m & 2m remain fixed on the rod. The rod is initially
horizontal.

(a) Find the tension in the cord.

(b) Find the force that the pivot exerts on the bar.
(c) If the cord is cut, what is the angular acceleration of the bar immediately after the
cord is cut.
(d) When the bar has rotated through 900 and is vertical, what is the linear velocity of the
mass 2 m.

18. A uniform rod of length '  ' is kept as shown in the figure. H is a horizontal smooth surface and W
is a vertical smooth wall. The rod is released from this position. Find the angular acceleration of
the rod just after the release.

19. A uniform thin rod with a mass M = 0.60 kg and a length of 0.30 m stands on the edge of a
frictionless table, as shown in the figure. The rod is struck a horizontal impulsive blow, J = 6 N.s
at a point 0.20 m above the table top, driving the rod directly off the table. Determine the orientation
of the rod and the position of its C.M. 1 sec. after the blow is struck.

20. Sphere A of mass m and radius r rolls without slipping with a velocity 1 on a horizontal plane. It
hits squarely an identical sphere B which is at rest. Denoting by k the co-efficient of kinetic
friction between the sphere and the plane, neglecting friction between the spheres and assuming
perfectly elastic impact (e = 1), determine;

(a) The linear & angular velocity of each sphere immediately after the impact.
(b) The velocity of each sphere after it has started rolling uniformly.
(c) Discuss the special case when k = 0.

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21. A stationary free rod AB of mass m on a smooth horizontal plane is struck at end A by a
particle of the same mass moving on the same plane with velocity V0 perpendicular to the rod.
The coefficient of restitution is 0.5. Find the x and y coordinate of the end B as a function of
time taking the origin to be fixed at the initial position of the centre of the rod. Take the initial
position of the centre of rod as origin and positive y-axis along the rod and towards A and the
x-axis along the initial velocity of the particle.

22. A uniform plate of mass 'm' is suspended in each of the ways shown. For each case determine
immediately after the connection at B has been released ;

(i) (ii) (iii)

(a) The angular acceleration of the plate.
(b) The acceleration of its center of mass.

23. Find the moment of inertia about xaxis of uniform thin plate of density kg/m 2 as shown in
the Figure.

24. A uniform disc rolls without sliding on a horizontal surface. Find the ratio of total kinetic
energy of upper half part to the total kinetic energy of the disc.

25. A uniform block A of mass 25 kg and length 6m is hinged at C and is supported by a small
block B as shown in the Figure. A constant force 'F' of magnitude 400N is applied to block B
horizontally. What is the speed of B after it moves 1.5 m? The mass of block B is 2.5 kg & the
coefficient of friction for all contact surfaces is 0.3.
[ use  n (3/2)  0.41 and g = 10 ms2 ]

26. A drinking straw (A thin hollow cylindrical long tube) of mass 2m is placed on a table orthogonally
to the edge such that half of it extends beyond the table. A fly with mass m lands on the inner
end A of the straw and walks along the straw until it reaches the outer end B. It does not tip
even when another fly lands on the top of the first one. Find the largest mass that the second
fly can have. (Neglect the friction between straw and table).

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27. A semicircular disc of radius ‘r ‘ is released from rest from the position shown. If no slipping
occurs between the disc and the horizontal surface, determine the expression for the angular
velocity  reached by the disc when its kinetic energy is maximum.

28. Calculate the moment of inertia of a uniform rod of mass m and length  about an axis passing
through one end and making angle  = 45º with its length.

29. A ring rolls on a horizontal surface without sliding. The velocity of the centre is v. It encounters a
step of height 0.3 R where R is the radius of the ring. Calculate the angular velocity of the ring
just after the impact. Assume that the ring does not return back. (and there is sufficient friction
to avoid slipping) . Find the minimum value of ' v ' so that the ring ascends the step.

30. A uniform rod of length 2 a is placed horizontally on a fixed thin horizontal rail at right angles to
the rail and is released from rest. Initially the centre of the rod was at a distance a/3 from rail. If
the rod slips after it has turned through an angle  ( < 90º), find the coefficient of friction between
the rod and the rail.

31. A spherical ball of radius r and mass m collides with a fixed surface. Before impact, the centre of
the ball has a velocity v 0 directed normal to the fixed surface and an angular velocity 0 as shown.
Assuming the normal velocity is reversed with same magnitude, calculate the net velocity of
centre of mass and the angular velocity of the ball after impact. The co-efficient of friction between
the surfaces is .

32. A solid body starts rotating about a stationary axis with an angular acceleration  = at , where
a = 2.0 × 10–2 rad/s3. How soon after the beginning of rotation will the total acceleration vector of
an arbitrary point of the body form an angle  = 60º with its velocity vector..

33. A solid body rotates with deceleration about a stationary axis with an angular deceleration   
where  is its angular velocity. Find the mean angular velocity of the body averaged over the
whole time of rotation if at the initial moment of time its angular velocity was equal to 0.

34. A solid body rotates about a stationary axis so that its angular velocity depends on the rotation
angle  as  = 0 – a , where 0 and a are positive constants. At the moment t= 0 the angle 
= 0. Find the time dependence of
(a) the rotation angle; (b) the angular velocity.

35. A solid body starts rotating about a stationary axis with an angular acceleration   0 cos  ,
where 0 a constant vector and  is an angle of rotation from the initial position. Find the
angular velocity of the body as a function of the angle  . Draw the plot of this dependence.

36. A rotating disc (figure) moves in the positive direction of the x axis. Find the equation y (x)
describing the position of the instantaneous axis of rotation, if at the initial moment the axis C of
the disc was located at the point O after which it moved

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(a) with a constant velocity v, while the disc started rotating counter clockwise with a constant
angular acceleration  (the initial angular velocity is equal to zero);
(b) with a constant acceleration w ( and the zero initial velocity), while the disc rotates
counterclockwise with a constant angular velocity .

37. A cylinder rolls without slipping over a horizontal plane. The radius of the cylinder is equal to r.
Find the curvature radii of trajectories traced out by the points A and B Fig.

38. A disc A of mass m sliding over a smooth horizontal surface with velocity v experiences a perfectly
elastic collision with a smooth stationary wall at a point O (Fig. 1.48). The angle between the
motion direction of the disc and the normal of the wall is equal to  . Find:
(a) the points relative to which the angular momentum M of the disc remains constant in
this process;

(b) the magnitude of the increment of the vector of the disc's angular momentum relative to
the point O’ which is located in the plane of the disc's motion at the distance  from the
point O.

39. A small ball of mass m suspended from the ceiling at a point O by a thread of length  moves
along a horizontal circle with a constant angular velocity  . Relative to which points does the
angular momentum M of the ball remain constant? Find the magnitude of the increment of the
vector of the ball's angular momentum relative to the point O picked up during half a revolution.

40. A ball of mass m falls down without initial velocity from a height h over the Earth's surface. Find
the increment of the ball’s angular momentum vector picked up during the time of falling (relative
to the point O of the reference frame moving transitionally in a horizontal direction with a velocity
V). The ball starts fall from the point O. The air drag is to be neglected.

41. A thin uniform rod AB of mass m = 1.0 kg moves transitionally with acceleration w = 2.0 m/s 2
due to two antiparallel forces F 1 and F 2 (Fig.) . The distance between the points at which these
forces are applied is equal to a = 20 cm. Besides, it is known that F 2 = 5.0.N. Find the length of
the rod.

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42. A force F = Ai + Bj is applied to a point whose radius vector relative to the origin of coordinates
O is equal to r = ai + bj, where a, b &, A, B are constants, and i, j are the unit vectors of the x
and y axes. Find the moment N and the arm  of the force relative to the point O.

43. Three forces are applied to a square plate as shown in Fig.. Find the modulus, direction, and the
point of application of the resultant force, if this point is taken on the side BC.

B
F
P
F Fresultant
A C

D F 2

44. In the system shown in Fig. the masses of the bodies are known to be m 1 and m 2, the coefficient
of friction between the body m 1 and the horizontal plane is equal to k, and a pulley of mass m is
assumed to be a uniform disc. The thread does not slip over the pulley. At the moment t = 0 the
body m 2 starts descending. Assuming the mass of the thread and the friction in the axle of the
puller to be negligible, find the work performed by the friction forces acting on the body m 1 over
the first t seconds after the beginning of motion.

45. (i) A uniform ring of radius R is spinned to the angular velocity  and then carefully placed
on a horizontal surface such that the plane of the ring is horizontal. How long will the ring
be rotating on the surface it the friction coefficient is equal to k? The pressure exerted by
the ring on the surface can be regarded as uniform.
(ii) A uniform disc of radius R is spinned to the angular velocity  and then carefully placed
on a horizontal surface such that the plane of the disc is horizontal. How long will the
disc be rotating on the surface it the friction coefficient is equal to k? The pressure
exerted by the disc on the surface can be regarded as uniform.

46. A uniform cylinder of mass m = 8.0 kg and radius R = 1.3 cm starts descending at a moment
t = 0 due to gravity. Neglecting the mass of the thread, find:
(a) the tension of each thread and the angular acceleration of the cylinder;
(b) the time dependence of the instantaneous power developed by the gravitational force.

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47. A spool with a thread wound on it is placed on an inclined smooth plane set at an angle  = 30°
to the horizontal. The free end of the thread is attached to the wall as shown in Fig. The mass of
the spool is m = 200 g, its moment of inertia relative to its own axis I = 0.45 g.m 2, the radius of
the wound thread layer r = 3.0 cm. Find the acceleration of the spool axis.

48. A uniform solid cylinder of mass m rests on two horizontal planks. A thread is wound on the
cylinder. The hanging end of the thread is pulled vertically down with a constant force F.

Find the maximum magnitude of the force F which still does not bring about any sliding of the
cylinder, if the coefficient of friction between the cylinder and the planks is equal to k. What is
the acceleration wmax of the axis of the cylinder rolling down the inclined plane.

49. In the arrangement shown in Fig a weight A possesses mass m.a. a pulley B possesses mass
M. Also known are the moment of inertia  of the pulley relative to its axis and the radii of the
pulley R and 2R. The mass of the threads is negligible. Find the acceleration of the weight A
after the system is set free.

50. A uniform solid cylinder A of mass m 1 can freely rotate about horizontal axis fixed to a mount B
of mass m 2 . A constant horizontal force F is applied to the end K of a light thread tightly wound
on the cylinder. The friction between the mount and the supporting horizontal plane is assumed
to be absent. Find:

(a) the acceleration of the point K ;

(b) the kinetic energy of this system t seconds after the beginning of motion.

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51. Determine the kinetic energy of a tractor crawler belt of mass m if the tractor moves with velocity
v.

52. A uniform cube with edge a rests on a horizontal plane whose friction coefficient equals k. The
cube is set in motion with an initial velocity, travels some distance over the plane and comes to
a stand still. Explain the disappearance of the angular momentum of the cube relative to the axis
lying in the plane at right angles to the cube's motion direction. Find the distance between the
resultants of gravitational forces and the reaction forces exerted by the supporting plane.

53. A thin uniform square plate with side  and mass M can rotate freely about a stationary vertical
axis coinciding with one of its sides. A small ball of mass m flying with velocity v at right angles
to the plate strikes elastically the centre of it. Find:
(a) the velocity of the ball v' after the impact;
(b) the horizontal component of the resultant force which the axis will exert on the plate after the
impact.

54. A vertically oriented uniform rod of mass M and length  can rotate about its upper end. A
horizontally flying bullet of mass m strikes the lower end of the rod and gets stuck in it; as a
result, the
rod swings through an angle . Assuming that m << M, find:
(a) the velocity of the flying bullet;
(b) the momentum increment in the system "bullet-rod" during the impact; what causes the
change of that momentum;
(c) at what distance x: from the upper end of the rod the bullet must strike for the momentum of
the system "bullet-rod" to remain constant during the impact.

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WINDOW TO IIT JEE

OBJECTIVE TYPE
1. Let I be the moment of inertia of a uniform square plate about an axis AB that passes through its centre and
is parallel to two of its sides. CD is a line in the plane of the plate that passes through the centre of the plate
and makes an angle  with AB. The moment of inertia of the plate about the axis CD is then equal to :
(A) I (B) I sin2  (C) I cos2 (D) I cos2(/2) (JEE 98)

2. The torque r on a body about a given point is found to be equal to A × L where A is a constant vector and L is
the angular momentum of the body about that point. From this it follows that:
(A) (dL)/dt is perpendicular to L at all instants of time.
(B) the component of L in the direction of A does not change with time.
(C) the magnitude of L does not change with time.
(D) L does not change with time. (JEE 98)

3. A cubical block of side a moving with velocity V on a horizontal

smooth plane as shown. It hits a ridge at point O. The angular speed
of the block after it hits O is:
(A) 3V/4a (B) 3V/2a
(C) √3V/√2a (D) zero (JEE 99)

4. A disc of mass M and radius R is rolling with angular speed  on a horizontal

plane as shown. The magnitude of angular momentum of the disc about the
origin O is:
(A) (1/2) Mr2 (B) Mr2
(C) (3/2) Mr2 (D) 2 Mr2 (JEE 99)

5. A cubical block of side L rests on a rough horizontal surface with coefficient of

friction μ. A horizontal force F is applied on the block as shown. If the
coefficient of friction is sufficiently high so that the block does not slide before
toppling, the minimum force required to topple the block is

(A) Infinitesimal (B) mg/4 (C) mg/2 (D) mg(1-μ) (JEE 2000 Scr)

6. A thin wire of length L and uniform linear mass density p is bent into a
circular loop with centre at O as shown.
The moment of inertia of the loop about the axis XX’ is
(JEE 2000 Scr)
3 2
(A) (pL )/(8π ) (B) (pL )/(16π2 )
3

(C) (5pL3)/(16π2 ) (D) (3pL3)/(8π2 )

7. An equilateral triangle ABC formed from a uniform wire has two small
identical beads initially located at A. The triangle is set rotating about the
vertical axis AO. Then the beads are released from rest simultaneously and
allowed to slide down; One along AB and the other along AC as shown.
Neglecting frictional effects, the quantities that are conserved as beads slides
down are

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(a) Angular velocity and total energy (kinetic and potential).

(b) Total angular momentum and total energy.
(c) Angular momentum and moment of inertia about the axis of rotation.
(d) Total angular momentum and the moment of inertia about the axis of rotation.
(JEE 2000 Scr)
8. One quarter section is cut from a uniform circular disc of radius R. This section has a mass M. It is
made to rotate about a line perpendicular to is its plane and passing through the centre of the original
disc. Its moment of inertia about the axis of rotation is :
(a)1/2MR2 (b)1/4MR2 (c)1/8MR2 (d) √2MR2
(JEE 2001 Scr)

9. A circular platform is free to rotate in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis passing through its
centre. A tortoise is sitting at the edge of the platform. Now the platform is given an angular velocity
ω0. When the tortoise move along a chord of the platform with a constant velocity (with respect to
the platform), the angular velocity of the platform ωt) will vary with time t as: (JEE 2002 Scr)

10. Consider a body, shown in figure, consisting of two identical

balls, each of mass M connected by a light rigid rod. If an
impulse J = MV is imparted to the body at one of its ends, what
would be its angular velocity?
(a) V/L (b) 2V/L
(c) V/3L (d) V/4L

(JEE 2003 Scr)

11. A disc is rolling (without slipping) on a horizontal surface C is its centre

and Q and P are two points equidistant from C. Let VP and VQ and VC be
the magnitude of velocities of points P, Q and C respectively, then
(a) VQ > VC > VP (b) VQ < VC < VP
(c) VQ = VP, VC = 1/2 VP (d) VQ < VC > VP
(JEE 04 Scr)

12. A particle moves in a circular path with decreasing speed. Choose the correct statement
(a) Angular momentum remains constant
(b) Acceleration (a) is towards the centre
(c) Particle moves in a spiral path with decreasing radius
(d) The direction of angular momentum remains constant (JEE 05 Scr)
13. A block of mass m is at rest under the action of force F against a wall as shown in
figure. Which of the following statement is incorrect?
(a) f = mg [where f is the frictional force]
(b) F = N [where N is the normal force]
(c) F will not produce torque
(d) N will not produce torque (JEE 05 Scr)

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14. From a circular disc of radius R and mass 9M, a small disc of radius R/3 is removed
from the disc. The moment of inertia of the remaining disc about an axis
perpendicular to the plane of the disc and passing through O is:

(a) 4MR2 (b) 4/9 MR2

(c) 10 MR2 (d) 37/9 MR2 (JEE 05 Scr)

15. A solid sphere of mass M, radius R and having moment of inertia about an axis passing through the
centre of mass as I, is recast into a disc of thickness t, whose moment of inertia about an axis passing
through its edge and perpendicular to its plane remains I. Then, radius of the disc will be
(A) 2R/√15 (B) R√(2/15) (C) 4R/√15 (D) R/4 (JEE 06)

16. A solid cylinder of mass m and radius r is rolling on a rough inclined plane of inclination θ. The
coefficient of friction between the cylinder and incline is  . Then
(A) frictional force is always  mgcosθ
(B) friction is a dissipative force
(C) by decreasing θ, frictional force decreases
(D) friction opposes translation and supports rotation. (JEE 06)

17. A small object of uniform density rolls up a curved surface with an

initial velocity v. It reaches up to a maximum height of 3v2 / 4g with
respect to the initial position. The object is
(A) ring (B) solid sphere
(C) hollow sphere (D) disc (JEE 07 Paper 2)

18. A particle undergoes uniform circular motion. About which point on the plane of the circle, will the
angular momentum of the particle remain conserved? [JEE 2003]
(a) Centre of circle (b) On the circumference of the circle
(c) Inside the circle (d) Outside the circle

19. A solid sphere of radius R has moment of inertia I about its geometrical
axis. It is melted into a disc of radius r and thickness t. If’s moment of
inertia about the tangential axis (which is perpendicular to plane of the
disc), is also equal to I, then the value of r is equal to [JEE 2005]
2 2 3 3
(a) R (b) R (c) R (d) R
15 5 15 15

20. A small object of uniform density rolls up a curved surface with an initial velocity v. It reaches up to
3v 2
a maximum height of with respect to the initial position. The object is [ JEE 2007]
4g

(a) ring (b) solid sphere (c) hollow sphere (d) disc
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21. A block of base 10 cm  10 cm and height 15 cm is kept on an inclined plane. The coefficient of
friction between them is 3 . The inclination  of this inclined plane from the horizontal plane is
gradually increased from 00 . Then, [JEE 2009]
0
(a) at  = 30 , the block will start sliding down the plane
(b) the block will remain at rest on the plane up to certain  and then it will topple
(c) at  = 60 0 , the block will start sliding down the plane and continue to do so at higher angles
(d) at  = 60 0 , the block will start sliding down the plane and on further increasing  , it will topple
at certain 

22. A sphere is rolling without slipping on a fixed horizontal plane surface. In the figure, A is the point
of contact. B is the centre of the sphere and C is its topmost point. Then, [2009]

       
(a) VC  V A  2(VB  VC ) (b) VC  VB  VB  V A
      
(c) VC  V A  2 VB  VC (d) VC  V A  4 VB

23. If the resultant of all the external forces acting on a system of particles is zero, then from an inertial
frame one can surely say that
(A) linear momentum of the system does not change in time
(B) kinetic energy of the system does not change in time
(C) angular momentum of the system does not change in time
(D) potential energy of the system does not change in time [JEE 2009]

24. A thin ring of mass 2 kg and radius 0.5 m is rolling without slipping on a horizontal plane with
velocity 1 m/s. A small ball of mass 0.1 kg, moving with velocity 20 m/s in the opposite direction,
hits the ring at a height of 0.75 m and goes vertically up with velocity 10 m/s. Immediately after the
collision [2011]

(a) the ring has pure rotation about its stationary CM

(b) the ring comes to a complete stop
(c) friction between the ring and the ground is to the left
(d) there is no friction between the ring and the ground

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Passage Based Problem

Passage I

Two disc A and B are mounted coaxially on a vertical axle. The discs have moments of inertia I and 2I
respectively about the common axis. Disc A is imparted an initial angular velocity 2  using the entire
potential energy of a spring compressed by a distance x1 . Disc B is imparted an angular velocity  by a
spring having the same spring constant and compressed by a distance x2 . Both the discs rotate in the
clockwise direction.
[2007]

x1
25. The ratio is
x2
1 1
(a) 2 (b) (c) 2 (d)
2 2
26. When disc B is brought in contact with disc A, they acquire a common angular velocity in time t.
The average frictional torque on one disc by the other during this period is
2I  9I  9I  3I 
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3t 2t 4t 2t

27. The loss of kinetic energy during the above process is

I2 I 2 I2 I 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 3 4 6
Analytical & Descriptive Questions
28. A uniform circular disc has radius R and mass m. A particle, also of mass
m, is fixed at a point A on the edge of the disc as shown in the figure. The
disc can rotate freely about a fixed horizontal chord PQ that is at a
distance R/4 from the centre C of the disc. The line AC is perpendicular to
PQ. Initially the disc is held vertical with the point A at its highest
position. It is the then allowed to fall so that it starts rotating about PQ.
Find the linear speed of the particle as it reaches its lowest position.
(JEE 98)
29. Two heavy metallic plates are joined together at 90 to each other. A
o

laminar sheet of mass 30 Kg is hinged at the line AB joining the two

heavy metallic plates. The hinges are frictionless. The moment of
inertia of the laminar sheet about an axis parallel to AB and passing
through its centre of mass is 1.2 Kg m . Two rubber obstacles P and Q
2

are fixed, one on each metallic plate at a distance 0.5 m from the line
AB. This distance is chosen so that the reaction due to the hinges on
the laminar sheet is zero during the impact. Initially the laminar sheet
hits one of the obstacles with angular velocity 1 rad/s and turns back. If the impulse on the sheet due
to each obstacle is 6 N-s,
(a) Find the location of the centre of mass of the laminar sheet from AB.
(b) At what angular velocity does the laminar sheet come back after the first impact?
(c) After how many impacts, does the laminar sheet come to rest? (JEE 2001 Mains)
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30. A rod of length L and mass M is hinged at point O. A small bullet of mass m hits the rod as shown in
the figure. The bullet gets embedded in the rod. Find angular velocity of the system just after impact.
[2005]

31. A solid cylinder rolls without slipping on an inclined plane inclined at an angle  . Find the linear
acceleration of the cylinder. Mass of the cylinder is M. [2005]

32. Four solid spheres each of diameter 5 cm and mass 0.5 kg are placed with their centres at the
corners of a square of side 4 cm. The moment of inertia of the system about the diagonal of the
square is N 104 kg  m2 , then N is. [2011]

33. A boy is pushing a ring of mass 2 kg and radius 0.5 m with a stick as shown in the figure. The stick
applies a force of 2 N on the ring and rolls it without slipping with an acceleration of 0.3 m / s 2 .
The coefficient of friction between the ground and the ring is large enough that rolling always occurs
P
and the coefficient of friction between the stick and the ring is   . The value of P is. [2011]
 10 

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ANSWER KEY
Short Answer Questions
1. 2 rad/s; 40 rad/s2. 2. 16. 3. 7.5 rad. 4. t = 2.5 s. 5.12.5 revolutions. 6. 2ma2.

5 mL2
7. (i) m 1r12 + m 2r22 (ii) 1 = 0; 2 = m 2(r1 + r2)2. (iii)  = 1+ 2 = 0 + 0 8. 9. MR 2
4
M 2 MR 2 MR 2 M 2
10. 11. 12. . 13.
3 2 2 12

3 4
14. I 1 = Mb2 / 3 ; I 2 = M2 / 12 ;I 3 = Mb2 / 12; I 4 = M2 / 3 15. MR2. 16. R4
2 9

(  Mr 2 )2 (M  m)gR 3
17 70 cm from A is point of Application 18. 19. .
2M g sin    (M  m)R 2

3g mg
20. (i) = (ii) aCA = 2 r = 0 21. Nv = ; NH = 0 22. x = 1.7 m.
2 4
2
23. N2 = W = (10 kg) (9.8 m/s2) = 98 N.; f = N1 = W = 65 N.
3

2 2
24. N = (40 kg) (9.8 m/s2) = 392 N.; T = N = (392 N) × = 450 N.
3 3

N2  f mg cos  mgCot  mv 30
25. ;f = = 26. 6g  27. – k .
N1  mg 2 sin  2 2 2g

28. L = mu direction is always clockwise same. 29. (i) O (ii) – 1/2 u cos . gt 2

d d 1
30. L = 1/2 md2. 31. L = mvr = m   = md2
2
  2 4

1 2 1
32. K =  = (8.0 × 10–5 kg - m 2) (100 rad2/s2) = 4.0 × 10–3 J
2 2
L =  = (8.0 × 10–5 kg-m 2) (10 rad/s) = 8.0 × 10–4 kg-m 2/s = 8.0 × 10–4 J-s.

m 3mv 3u 25
33. V = v.;  = 34.   35. 5.6 × 10–5 J. 36. rev/s.
M Ma 4l 22

37. wrt. centre wrt. ground Result

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4 1 1 r2   2 2 r1 1 1 r2   2 2 r1
38. v = g sin  . 39. 1 = r2 and 2 = r 1.
3  2 r12  1 r22  2 r12  1 r22

4 gh 10 F 2 6
40. v = . 41. a = . 42. v(t) = × 3v 0 = v 0.
3 7m 7 7

EXERCISE # I (SINGLE CHOICE )

Q.1 D Q.2 D Q.3 B Q.4 C Q.5 C Q.6 D

Q.7 A Q.8 D Q.9 B Q.10 B Q.11 D Q.12 B
Q.13 B Q.14 C Q.15 B Q.16 B Q.17 C Q.18 A
Q.19 C Q.20 C Q.21 B Q.22 B Q.23 B Q.24 D
Q.25 A Q.26 D Q.27 B Q.28 C Q.29 A Q.30 A
Q.31 D Q.32 B Q.33 D Q.34 C Q.35 B Q.36 C
Q.37 B Q.38 A Q.39 C Q.40 C Q.41 A Q.42 A
Q.43 D Q.44 C Q.45 C Q.46 C Q.47 C Q.48 A
Q.49 D Q.50 A Q.51 C Q.52 B Q.53 C Q.54 B
Q.55 C Q.56 B Q.57 C Q.58 A Q.59 C Q.60 D
Q.61 C Q.62 A Q.63 C Q.64 D Q.65 A Q.66 A
Q.67 D Q.68 C Q.69 A Q.70 A Q.71 D Q.72 A
Q.73 A Q.74 D Q.75 B Q.76 A Q.77 A Q.78 B
Q.79 C Q.80 A Q.81 B Q.82 B Q.83 B Q.84 B
Q.85 D Q.86 A

EXERCISE # II ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTION MAY BE CORRECT

1. ABCD 2. BC 3. AD 4. ABCD 5. B 6. ABC 7. ABD
8. ACD 9. ACD 10. ACD 11. C 12. BCD 13. A 14. C
15. BC 16. AC 17. BC 18. ABCD 19. BD 20. ABC 21. ABC
22. C 23. BCD 24. ACD 25. ABD

EXERCISE # III COMPREHENSION TYPE

Passage- 1: 1A 2. AB 3. ABCD
Passage - 2: 1 C 2A 3. A
Passage -3: 1B 2A 3. D 4. A

EXERCISE # IV MATCH THE COLUMN

1. A - Q, B- P; C - S, D -S 2. A -R, B - P, C - S, D - Q
3. A - S, B-R, C -Q, D - P 4. A-Q, B-P, C-S, D-R

EXCERCISE -# V SUBJECTIVE
2
MR 2  4R  3g 13mg 3 3 3 3
1. cm = M   2. (a) (clockwise) (b) N = , f= 
16
 mg (c)
13
2  3  4L 16  

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9g
3. (a) T = w (b)  = rg/k2 (anticlockwise) 4. w= 5. w = 5 rad/s
4

M 25 5g
6. = 15 7. m/s  8. (a)  (b) g  (c) 0
m 9 9
9. (a) 300 mm from A (b)  = 4.00 rad/s2 (ccw) ; a = 1.800 m/s2 
 3   
10. (a) 3 g/L (cw) (b)  2 î  ĵ  g = 1.323 g  49.1º (c)  3 î  2 ˆj  g = 2.18 g  66.6º
   2 
11. (a) 1 cm to right of B (b) 4 cm/sec 
(c) outer pulley unwrapped 16 cm/sec, inner pulley unwrapped 8 cm/sec

4v 0 5v 0 v 2v 0
12. (a) (b) (c) v x = 0 , v y =
3 3  2 3

1
13. a = (Fcos )/(M + 2m ), f A = 0, f B = Ma 14. 380 g
19

15. 0.28 rad/sec. 16. (a) 4.5 m/s (b) 1.5 m/s (c) 3.75 cm

3g 6g L 3gL 3gcos
17. (a) T = 2mg (b) N = 6mg (c) (d) × = 18. =
5L 5L 2 10 2

19. (10,  4.75 m) w.r.t. initial position of lower end of the rod, 200/3 rad with upward
vertical.

21 51
20. (a) A = 1 clockwiseB = 0 B = 1 A = 0 (b) A = B = 
7 7
(c) same as part (a)

21.  = 9 V0/5L, Vcentre = 3V0/10, XB = V2t – (Lsin)/2, YB = – (Lcost)/2

1.2 g
22. (i) (a) (cw) (b)  0.3 ( î  2 ĵ) g
c
(ii) (a) 24 g/17 c (cw) (b) 12 g/17 
(iii) (a) 2.4 g/c (cw) (b) 0.5 g 

2a7 9   16
23. 24. 25. 323  18 26. 3m
21 18

g m 2 1 .7 v 2
27.  = 4 (9  16 ) r rad/sec. 28. 29.  = V = 0.3gR
6 2R min 1.7

5  0
30.  = 2 tan  31.  =  0 2  4 2  0 2 ;  = tan1 2  with normal,  = 0 
r

32. t 3
 4 / a  tan   7s 33. < > = 0 / 3 34.(a)  = (1 – e–at ) 0/ a ; (b)  = 0e–at

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 ROTATIONAL DYNAMICS Rg. 2019 - 2021

35. z =  2 β sin  and

0

36. (a) y = v 2 / x (Hyperbola) ; (b) y = 2w x /

(Parabola)

37. RA = 4r, RB = 2 2 r

38. (a) Relative to all points of the straight line drawn at right angles to the wall through
the point O; (b) | m| = 2mv  cos
Δ

2
 g  mg
39. Relative to the centre of the circle |M| = 2 1   2  ]
  

40. |m| = hmV 41.  = 2aF 2/mw = 1.0m

42. N = (aB – bA)k, where k is the unit vector of the z axis  = |aB –bA|/ A 2  B 2

43. F res = 2F. This force is parallel to the diagonal AC and is applied at the midpoint of the side BC.]

(m2  km1 ) km1g2 t 2 R 30 R

44. A=– 45. (i) k g (ii)
m  2 (m1  m 2 ) 4kg
46. (a) T = 1/6 mg = 13 N,  = 2/3 gR = 5.102 rad/s2; (b) P = 2/3 mg2t

47. w = g sin/(1 + I/mr2) = 1.6 m/s2 48. F max = 3kmg/(2 – 3k); wmax = 2kg/(2 – 3k)

49. w = 3g (M + 3m) / (M + 9m + I /R2)

F(3m1  2m 2 ) F 2 t 2 (3m1  2m2 )

50. (a) w = m (m  m ) ; (b) T = 51. T = mv 2
1 1 2 2m1 (m1  m2 )

8Mv 2
3m  4M
52.  x = 1/2 ka 53. (a) v’ = v; (b) F =  (1  4m ) 2
3m  4M
3m

 M  2g 
54. (a) v    sin   (b)  p = M 1/ 6g sin(/2); (c) x  2/3 
m 3 2

WINDOW TO IIT -JEE

1. A 2. ABC 3. A 4. C 5.C 6. D 7. B
8. A 9. C 10. A 11. A 12. D 13. D 14.A
15. A 16. CD 17. D 18. A 19. A 20. D 21. B
22. BC 23. A 24. AC 25. C 26.A 27. B
28. 5gR 29. . a. 1 =0.1 m (b) w’ = 1 rad/s

3mv 2
30. L 3m  M g sin 
31. 32. 9 33. 4
  3
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