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28 views

Handout 1 (4) 2

Uploaded by

julienschroeder2
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1

Response of Concrete in Uniaxial Compression


Eurocode 2 (EC2) model for analysis and design of structures:

Eurocode 2 (EC2) model for design of structures:

Handout #1, Reinforced Concrete, Winter 2024 Prof. Boyan Mihaylov, Université de Liège
2

Strength Classes for Concrete according to EC2 (EN 1992-1-1)

10

11

12

13

14

Handout #1, Reinforced Concrete, Winter 2024 Prof. Boyan Mihaylov, Université de Liège
3

• Effect of water-to-cement (W/C) ratio on concrete compressive strength

Concrete compressive strength, MPa 40

30 Cement CEM I
Tested at day 28th after casting
15

.35 .45 .65


W/C (by weight)

• Effect of time t

(This expression applies for standard conditions)

• Effect of moisture conditions


Prolonged moist curing significantly increases potential strength.

• Effect of temperature T
- Low T – slower strength gain but higher long-term strength
- However MUST NOT freeze
- Higher T – faster strength gain but lower long-term strength
- Precautions required in hot weather or with massive pours (i.e. ice chips used in mix)

Handout #1, Reinforced Concrete Structures, Winter 2023 Prof. Boyan Mihaylov, Université de Liège
4

Confined Concrete

1.5 Response under multi-axial stresses

Creep Coefficient - Simplified Expression


−0.118
1 𝐻 (𝑡 − 𝑡𝑖 )0.6
𝜙(𝑡, 𝑡𝑖 ) = 3.5𝑘𝑐 ( ) (1.58 − ) 𝑡𝑖
0.67 + 𝑓𝑐 /62 120 10 + (𝑡 − 𝑡𝑖 )0.6

Adapted from Collins, M.P., Mitchell, D., Prestressed Concrete Structures

Handout #1, Reinforced Concrete Structures, Winter 2023 Prof. Boyan Mihaylov, Université de Liège
5

Reinforcing Bars

Cross-sectional area, cm2

 Number of bars Surface Mass 


mm 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 cm2/cm kg/m mm
6 0.28 0.57 0.85 1.13 1.41 1.7 1.98 2.26 2.54 2.83 3.11 3.39 3.68 3.96 1.9 0.222 6
8 0.5 1.01 1.51 2.01 2.51 3.02 3.52 4.02 4.52 5.03 5.53 6.03 6.53 7.04 2.5 0.395 8
10 0.79 1.57 2.36 3.14 3.93 4.71 5.5 6.28 7.07 7.85 8.64 9.42 10.21 11 3.1 0.617 10
12 1.13 2.26 3.39 4.52 5.65 6.79 7.92 9.05 10.18 11.31 12.44 13.57 14.7 15.83 3.8 0.888 12
14 1.54 3.08 4.62 6.16 7.7 9.24 10.78 12.32 13.85 15.39 16.93 18.47 20.01 21.55 4.4 1.21 14
16 2.01 4.02 6.03 8.04 10.05 12.06 14.07 16.08 18.1 20.11 22.12 24.13 26.14 28.15 5 1.58 16
20 3.14 6.28 9.42 12.57 15.71 18.85 21.99 25.13 28.27 31.42 34.56 37.7 40.84 43.98 6.3 2.47 20
25 4.91 9.82 14.73 19.63 24.54 29.45 34.36 39.27 44.18 49.09 54 58.9 63.81 68.72 7.9 3.85 25
28 6.16 12.32 18.47 24.63 30.79 36.95 43.1 49.26 55.42 61.58 67.73 73.89 80.05 86.21 8.8 4.83 28
32 8.04 16.08 24.13 32.17 40.21 48.25 56.3 64.34 72.38 80.42 88.47 96.51 104.6 112.6 10.1 6.31 32
40 12.57 25.13 37.7 50.27 62.83 75.4 87.96 100.53 113.1 125.66 138.23 150.8 163.4 175.9 12.6 9.86 40

Handout #1, Reinforced Concrete Structures, Winter 2023 Prof. Boyan Mihaylov, Université de Liège
6

Reinforcement Classes (EN1992-1-1)

In Belgium:

BE 500 S – bars, cold-drawn,  = 10-40 mm – ductility class B


fyk = 500 MPa
uk = 5%
k = 1.08

DE 500 BS –bars or coiled rods or wire fabrics, cold-ribbed,  = 6-12 mm – ductility class A
fyk = 500 MPa
uk = 2.5%
k = 1.05

(also BE 500 TS – bars or coiled rods, hot-rolled and cold-drawn,  = 8-16 mm)

Handout #1, Reinforced Concrete Structures, Winter 2023 Prof. Boyan Mihaylov, Université de Liège
7

Steel and Concrete

Steel Concrete

Very strong in tension (fy≈500 MPa) Very weak in tension (fct≈2 MPa)

Slender shapes, buckle in compression Strong in compression (fc=20-100 MPa)

Standard shapes Mouldable in any shape

Corrodes Durable if well made

Susceptible to fire Fire resistant

Weighs 77 kN/m3 Weighs 24 kN/m3

Relatively expensive Relatively cheap

Stable excepts at T > 200 ⁰C Shrinks and creeps

Ductile Brittle

s ≈ 11.5x10-6 1/⁰C c ≈ 10.0x10-6 1/⁰C

→ Concrete and steel are highly complementary materials:

“The whole is greater than the sum of the parts!”

Handout #1, Reinforced Concrete Structures, Winter 2023 Prof. Boyan Mihaylov, Université de Liège

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