Teacher CHERRILYN ORDINARIO Grade Level Grade 8

Teaching Date April 1, 2024 Learning Science 8

Area
Teaching Time 40 minutes Quarter FOURTH

PAMANTASAN NG LUNSOD NG SAN PABLO

College of Teacher Education
Science Department

I. OBJECTIVES

The learners demonstrate understanding of…

A. Content 1. how cells divide to produce new cells

Standards 2. meiosis as one of the processes producing genetic variations of the
Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance

B. Performance Report on the importance of variation in plant and animal breeding

Standards

 S8LTIVd-16

Compare mitosis and meiosis, and their role in the cell-division cycle.

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

1. Describe the changes that occur during each stages of cell cycle.
2. Create a concept map showing the order of the phases of the cell
cycle.
3. Appreciate the important stages of cell cycle.

II. LEARNING Quarter 4 – Module 2:

CONTENT Cellular Reproduction

III. LEARNING
RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s
Science 8 Quarter 4 – Module 2 pp. 3-9
Guide pages
2. Learner’s
Materials
pages
3. Textbook
 pages
4. Additional
Materials
from
Learning
Resource
(LR) portal
 Laptop, Visual Aid, Google Images, Powerpoint Presentation, YouTube
Videos
 Interphase:
B. Other https://youtu.be/e6N9_RhD10Q?si=NpU4bLtdH5dKrOCF
Learning  Cell Division for Mitosis:
Resources https://youtu.be/5bq1To_RKEo?si=lYzw5qXWOGuLw52A

IV. Teacher’s Activity Students Activity

PROCEDURES 1. Prayer
Before we begin, let us all stand for a short In the name of the father
prayer. and of the son and of the
holy spirit…

Dear Lord you offer this day

All we do, think, and say
Give life to our mind
To learn lessons of all kind,
Help us to be obedient,
truthful and loving to all.
AMEN
2. Greeting
Good morning, ma’am Che!
Good morning, grade 8!
Students: It’s Science time!
What time is it? 2x
2x

3. Checking of attendance
Ms.monitor how many are absent for today?

None?

That’s great!

Now before we continue, let us recall our

guidelines when we are inside the classroom.

R- Raise your hand if you want to recite.

U- Unite and participate in class discussion.
L- Listen when someone is talking.
E- Engage yourself in class activities.
S- Share your ideas to the class.
 I want you to follow these guidelines for a Yes ma'am.
smooth flow of our discussions. Do you
understand?
Elicit: The activities in this section will evoke or draw out prior concepts or prior experiences from
the students.

So, last time we talk about different

(Someone from the class
Gastrointestinal Disease…
will raise his/her hand to
answer.)
Can you cite the gastrointestinal diseases Possible answers are:
that your group reported ms. (student’s
 Colitis
A. Reviewing name)?
previous lesson  Anal Fissure
or presenting  Anal Fistula
the new lesson  Constipation
 Irritable Bowel
Syndrome
 Perianal Disease

Very good!

Engage: The activities in this section will stimulates their thinking and help them access and
connect prior knowledge as a jumpstart to the present lesson.

Let us unlock some terms that we are going

to encounter as we discuss our lesson for
today.

Activity No.1 “In the midst of the crowd!”

Direction: Students will search and encircle

the words that are possibly related to the
topic.

I need 8 students to search the words.

A N A P H A S E S M A N A P H A S E S M
B. Establishing a B A C T E R I A E E B A C T E R I A E E
purpose for the M N R Z F G G S R T M N R Z F G G S R T
lesson E I F Z C V A B B A
E I F Z C V A B B A
I M D A V H X J C P I M D A V H X J C P
O A S D P A G E E H O A S D P A G E E H
S L C O W F D O L A S L C O W F D O L A
I S L C V B N C L S I S L C V B N C L S
S E B H U M A N C E S E B H U M A N C E
T A M I T O S I S X T A M I T O S I S X

Very good, class! You found all the words

that are related to our topic!

C. Presenting Before we proceed to our next topic, let’s

examples/insta take a look at this picture.
nces of the
 So, what do you observe about the picture
class?  Ma’am it is about the
transformation of the
frog from the tadpole to
new lesson adult frog.

Very good observation!

As you know the picture is about the LIFE

CYCLE of a frog.

Frogs go through some interesting life cycle

transitions: from egg to larva (tadpole),
then finally, to an adult frog. Other
organisms, such as humans, plants, and
bacteria, also have life cycles. It is the
series or sequence of growth and
development.

Explore: In this section, students will be given time to think, plan, investigate, and organize
collected information; or the performance of the planned/ prepared activities from the
student’s manual with data gathering with Guide Questions.
D. Discussing new
concepts and The teacher will present a video connected
practicing new to the topic and will be given time to answer
skills #1 some guide questions regarding to the video
they watched.
 Guide Questions:

1. What is Cell Cycle? 1. Cell Cycle is the sequence

2. The cell cycle have two major parts, what of the cell growth and
are those? division.
3. How many phase does the interphase 2. Interphase and Mitotic
have? What are those? Phase.
4. What will happen to the cell when it 3. Three phases. The G1
finished the first major part of the cell cycle? phase, S phase, and G2
5. What are the two events happens in the phase.
M phase? 4. It will proceed mitotic
E. Discussing new phase where the cell division
concepts and happens.
practicing new 5. The mitosis and
skills #2 Cytokinesis.

Explain: In this section, students will be involved in an analysis of their exploration. Their
understanding is clarified and modified because of reflective activities. Analysis of the
gathered data and results and be able to answer the Guide Questions leading to the focus
concept or topic for the day.
F. Developing
mastery (leads Today we will only focusing first on the
to Formative MITOSIS, but before that let’s define first
Assessment 3) what is DNA and Chromosome since they
are significant for our topic today.

DNA or Deoxyribonucleic Acid

 It is where our genetic material located.

The DNA contains our genes which is the

reason why we humans have our own
uniqueness from each other.

 The DNA is a helical structure consisting

of two strands
The two sides of the DNA is what we call
the DNA strands or the helix. While those
small structure in between the helix are
called spiral ladder.

 DNA is made up of four building blocks

called nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine
(T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).

The nucleotides Adenine is paired with

Thymine while Guanine is paired with
Cytocine, which they form a chemical bonds
called base pairs.

 Most DNA is found inside the nucleus of

a cell, where it forms the chromosomes.

Simply, the DNA contains our genes, while a

chromosome contains the DNA and then the
nucleus contains the chromosome, while the
Nucleus is situated inside specifically at the
center of the cell.

Do you understand class?

Okay…

Let’s move on the Chromosome first,

Chromosomes have 4 main parts.
Chromosomes are threadlike structures
made of protein and a single molecule of
DNA that serve to carry the genomic
information from cell to cell.

So, we have here the parts of the

chromosome.

Parts of the Chromosome

1. Chromatids – two identical halves of a
replicated chromosome.
2. Centromere – the attachment points of
the two chromatids or the center of the
chromosome.
3. Short arm – or p arm - upper arms of
the chromosome.
4. Q arm - lower arms of the chromosome
which is usually longer.

The number of chromosomes in a cell is a

characteristic of the species to which
it belongs.

As you can see on the tv, how many

chromosome does the roundworm, rice,
human, chimpanze, and dog have?

Now that we already know what is DNA and

Chromosome, let’s continue discussing the
cell cycle.

As you can see on the picture the cell cycle

undergoes different stages or phases.
Cell Cycle is the sequence of the cell
growth and division.

Interphase
Where the cell spends most of its time to
grows and replicate its chromosomes, and
prepares for cell division.

Interphase have three stages:

G1 Phase (First Gap)

 The first stage of interphase is called
the G1 phase (first gap) because, from
a microscopic aspect, little change is
visible.
 The cell grows and accumulates the
building blocks of chromosomal DNA
and the associated proteins as well as
sufficient energy reserves to complete
the task of replicating each chromosome
in the nucleus.

S Phase (Synthesis of DNA)

 The synthesis phase of interphase takes
the longest because of the complexity of
the genetic material being duplicated.

G2 Phase (Second Gap)

 In the G2 phase, the cell replenishes its
energy stores and synthesizes proteins
necessary for chromosome
manipulation.
 There may be additional cell growth
during G2.

After the interphase stage the cell will divide

and will replicate its self, which we call Cell
Division.

Cell Division

There are two types of cell division: mitosis

and meiosis.

1. Mitosis
It happens in our body cells.
It creates two daughter cells.

2. Meiosis
It happens in egg cells and sperm cells.
It creates four daughter cells.

Do you understand class?

Cell Division

 Cell division phase occurs every after

interphase.

1. MITOSIS

Mitosis is divided into four stages namely:

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and
telophase. To remember the four stages of
Mitosis we can use the acronym P-M-A-T.

Let’s watch this video to understand further

what is Mitosis.

Prophase
 Longest phase of mitosis.
 The chromatin will slowly condenses
into well-define chromosome.
 The microtubules starts to forms outside
the nucleus.
  The two chromatids are still attached
at the centromere.
  The nuclear membrane breaks down.

Metaphase
 Chromosomes align at the equatorial
plane.
 Each spindle fiber from both
centrosomes connects to each
chromosome through its kinetochore.

Anaphase
 Spindle fibers begin to contract and
become shorter. Continued contraction
causes the separation of the genetically
identical sister chromatids.
 Centromeres divide.
 The single chromatids move towards the
opposite poles.

Telophase
 The chromosomes are now at the
opposing poles of the spindle.
 The microtubules disappear.
 Two sets of chromosomes are
surrounded by new nuclear membranes,
completing the nuclear division process
known as karyokinesis.
 Cytoplasmic division called cytokinesis
occurs concurrently, splitting the cell
into two.

Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis is the final act of cell division.

1. Cleavage Cytokinesis
In a typical animal mitosis, a cleavage
furrow forms at the equatorial cortex after
anaphase. This furrow then advances
inwards to separate the two daughter cells.

2. Cell plate Cytokinesis

The cell plate continues to grow and gets
attached with the cell
membrane. This results to the formation of
two daughter cells.
Elaborate: This section will give students the opportunity to expand and solidify/ concretize their
understanding of the concept and/or apply it to a real-world situation.
G. Finding Activity: NAME ME!
practical
Direction: Name every stage in the cell
applications of
concepts and Cycle and Cell division.
skills in daily
living
G1 Phase G2 Phase
M phase S phase

H. Making
generalizations Metaphase Anaphase
and Prophase Telophase
abstractions
about the
lesson

Evaluation: This section will provide opportunities for concept check test items and answer key
which are aligned to the learning objectives – content and performance standards and
address misconceptions – if any.
I. Evaluating To check your understanding about the
learning lesson, try to answer this activity. Answer Key:
1. Centromere
Activity 5. Fill in the Blank
2. Nucleus
Directions: Complete the statement by
writing the appropriate word or phrase on 3. 46
the 4. Interphase
blank. Write your answers on a separate 5. S or Synthesis
sheet of paper. 6. Metaphase
1. The center part of the Chromosome. 7. Cytokenesis
2. Chromosomes are structures found in the 8. Centrioles
 cell’s __________ that contain a person’s 9. Cell Wall
genes. 10. Haploid
3. Every normal human somatic cell
contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, or a total
of
__________ chromosomes.
4. The cell undergoes a cycle that may be
divided into two stages, the __________
and
the cell division or mitotic phase.
5. The interphase is divided into three
phases namely: the gap one phase (G1),
the
__________ phase, and the gap two phase
(G2).
6. There are four distinct stages of mitosis
namely: prophase, __________, anaphase,
and telophase.
7. During mitosis, two things occur. These
are the nuclear division and the
cytoplasmic division called ____________.
8. Each spindle fiber from both
___________ connects to the kinetochore
of each chromosome.
9. In plant cells, _________ forms and
becomes a new cell wall dividing the
cytoplasm
into two parts.
10.The outcome of meiosis is the production
of four _________ (N) daughter cells.

Extend: This section gives situation that explains the topic in a new context or integrate it to
another discipline/ societal concern.
A. Additional To enhance the students understanding to the topic they will be instructed
activities for to do a research about the Significance of Meiosis.
application or
remediation
V. REMARKS
VI. REFLECTION
A. No. of
learners who
earned 80%
in the
evaluation
B. No. of
learners
who require
additional
activities for
remediation
C. Did the
remedial
lessons
work? No.
of learners
 who have
caught up
with the
lesson
D. No. of
learners
who
continue to
require
remediation
E. Which of
my teaching
strategies
worked
well? Why
did these
work?
F. What
difficulties
did I
encounter
which my
principal or
supervisor
can help me
solve?
G. What
innovation
or localized
materials
did I
use/discove
r which I
wish to
share with
other
teachers?
Assessment Tool
and Approach

Prepared by:

ORDINARIO, Cherrilyn
Student Intern

Checked by:

MELODY CALAMPIANO
Cooperating Teacher