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Lecture 1

The document discusses various construction materials used in building projects including aggregates, steel, cement, bitumen, concrete, asphalt, hollow blocks, lumber, glass, ceramics, rocks, and their properties. It also describes different types of materials testing carried out on construction materials to ensure quality and safety.

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21-06116
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8 views

Lecture 1

The document discusses various construction materials used in building projects including aggregates, steel, cement, bitumen, concrete, asphalt, hollow blocks, lumber, glass, ceramics, rocks, and their properties. It also describes different types of materials testing carried out on construction materials to ensure quality and safety.

Uploaded by

21-06116
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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27/02/2024

CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
It is defined as the materials, supplies, fixtures, or
equipment, any combination of such items, and any other
leased or purchased articles when the materials, supplies,
fixtures, equipment or articles are to be utilized or
consumed during construction or are to be incorporated
CONSTRUCTION into construction work pursuant to a bonafide written
construction contract.

MATERIALS AND TESTING

AGGREGATES
Construction aggregate is a broad category of
particulate material used in construction, including sand,
gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete and
geosynthetic aggregates.
27/02/2024

STEEL ROD / STEEL


Steel is a metal alloy of iron and carbon and often
other alloying material in its composition to make it stronger
and more fracture-resistant than iron.

CEMENT
Cement, in general, adhesive substances of all kinds,
but, in a narrower sense, the binding materials used in
building and civil engineering construction. Cements of this
kind are finely ground powders that, when mixed with
water, set to a hard mass.
27/02/2024

BITUMEN
A black viscous mixture of hydrocarbons obtained
naturally or as a residue from petroleum distillation. It is
used for road surfacing and roofing.

CONCRETE
Concrete is a composite material made of fine and
coarse aggregate (think gravel, crushed stone, recycled
concrete, and geosynthetic aggregates) bound together
by a liquid binder such as cement that hardens or cures
over time.
27/02/2024

ASPHALT
Asphalt is a mixture of aggregates, binder and filler,
used for constructing and maintaining roads, parking areas,
railway tracks, ports, airport runways, bicycle lanes,
sidewalks and also play- and sport areas.

HOLLOW BLOCKS / MASONRY


Masonry construction uses individual units (such as
bricks or hollow blocks) to build structures that are usually
bound together by some kind of mortar. The strongest and
most commonly used masonry unit now is a concrete
block, which may be reinforced with steel.
27/02/2024

LUMBER
Lumber is a wood product, sawn and shaped from
timbers of harvested trees. Lumber is assigned a grade
which establishes a measure of consistency in the final
products produced by mills.

GLASS
A durable but brittle material that is valued for its
optical properties such as its ability to refract, reflect and
transmit lights.
27/02/2024

CERAMICS
Ceramics are a broad category of hard inorganic
material manufactured using minerals. Modern ceramics is
usually used in countertops, sinks, tubs, bathrooms and
kitchen tiles.

ROCKS / STONE
Rocks are solid cumulative of minerals located in the
Earth’s lithosphere. Rocks are used in various purpose in
construction site such as dam ,railway ballast , building,
skyscraper building etc.
27/02/2024

FIVE MAJOR CATEGORIES OF FIVE MAJOR CATEGORIES OF


MATERIALS TESTING MATERIALS TESTING
MECHANICAL TESTING TESTING FOR THERMAL PROPERTIES
Also known as destructive testing, reveals the Testing for thermal properties is used to measure
properties of a material under dynamic or static force. materials’ ability to transfer heat since it differs with each
Designed to ensure that materials are suitable for their substance and may depend on structure, density, humidity,
intended applications. pressure and temperature.

FIVE MAJOR CATEGORIES OF FIVE MAJOR CATEGORIES OF


MATERIALS TESTING MATERIALS TESTING
TESTING FOR ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES TESTING FOR RESISTANCE TO CORROSION, RADIATION AND
• Materials are subjected to electrical stresses under a BIOLOGICAL DETERIORATION
variety of controlled conditions, including liquid Testing for breakdown or deterioration of materials
contaminants, dust and fog, dry air electrical arc, or high under exposure to a particular type of environment has
voltage dielectric breakdown conditions. greatly increased in recent years.
27/02/2024

FIVE MAJOR CATEGORIES OF TESTS CARRIED OUT ON DIFFERENT


MATERIALS TESTING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING BITUMEN
A testing and analysis technique to evaluate the a. Determining bitumen content
properties of a material, component, structure or system for b. Determining flash and fire point of bitumen
c. Determining penetration of bitumen
characteristic differences or welding defects and d. Determining softening point of bitumen
discontinuities without causing damage to the original part. e. Determining specific gravity of bitumen
f. Determining ductility of bitumen
g. Determining marshal stability of bitumen

TESTS CARRIED OUT ON DIFFERENT TESTS CARRIED OUT ON DIFFERENT


CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
CEMENT STEEL REINFORCEMENT
a. Fineness Test a. Tensile Strength Test
b. Soundness Test b. Bend Test
c. Consistency Test c. Re-bend Test
d. Shear Test
d. Setting Time e. Brinell Hardness Test
f. Impact Test
FRESH CONCRETE g. Torsion Test
a. Slump Test HARDENED CONCRETE
b. Compacting Factor Test a. Compression Strength Test
c. VeBe Test b. Flexural Strength Test
d. K-Slump Test c. Rebound Hammer Test
d. Ultrasonic Pulse velocity Test
27/02/2024

WHY IS CMT IMPORTANT?

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