TH

NA
Department of Civil Engineering

B
DE
Project Planning and Management (CE 401)

AR
Fall 2023

M
KU
Course Teacher:
AL Uzzwal Kumar Deb Nath
Lecturer, Dept. of Civil Engineering
ZW

University of Asia Pacific

UZ
 Principles and Concepts of Managements

TH
Organization :

NA
➢ An organization (business, social, government,

B
religious etc.) is a collection of people with a

DE
common goal. MANAGEMENT
➢ The basic function of organization is to transform

AR
certain available inputs (manpower, money,

M
KU
materials, facilities, energy, information etc.) into
some form of desirable outputs (products and / or
AL
services) within a given environment (social, political,
ZW

legal, geographic etc.) through the utilization of

UZ

existing technology (software and hardware).

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 2

 Principles and Concepts of Managements (Contd.)

TH
NA
B
DE
AR
M
KU
AL
ZW
UZ

Fig: Basic function of organization

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 3

 Principles and Concepts of Managements (Contd.)

TH
NA
Organizational Goals:
➢ The attainment of Organizational Goals

B
DE
(sales, profit maximization, productivity,

AR
employee and customer satisfaction) in an

M
efficient and effective manner through

KU
planning, organizing, leading and controlling
AL
Organizational Resources (man, money,
ZW

material, machinery, method).

UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 4

 Principles and Concepts of Managements (Contd.)

TH
Management:

NA
➢ Management is the force that unifies human
as well as non human resources in the

B
DE
service of organizational goals.
➢ It is a process of getting results with and

AR
through people.

M
KU
➢ According to F.W.Taylor Fig: Management as a unifying force
(1856-1916) (known as the
AL
father of scientific management), “Management is an art of
ZW

knowing what is to be done and seeing that it is done in the

UZ

best possible manner.”

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 5

 Principles and Concepts of Managements (Contd.)

TH
Elements or Ingredients of Management Process:

NA
➢ Management is a process of Planning, Organizing, Activating,
Motivating and Controlling activities of others.

B
DE
1) Planning:
✓Deciding in advance what, when, how, who and by whom is to be

AR
done.

M
✓Activities: Forecasting, Setting Objectives, Scheduling, Budgeting,

KU
Policy Making
AL
2) Organizing:
ZW

✓Formulating a powerful system.

✓Activities: Structuring, Integrating, Developing personnel
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 6

 Principles and Concepts of Managements (Contd.)

TH
Elements or Ingredients of Management Process (Contd.):

NA
3) Activating:

B
✓Managing and Running an Organization.

DE
✓Activities: Assigning, Communicating, Coordinating

AR
4) Motivating:
✓Inducing People to be Productive in an Organization.

M
KU
✓Activities: Leading, Directing, Guiding
5) Controlling: AL
✓Results of an operation conform as closely as possible to established plan.
ZW

✓Activities: Establishing standards, Measuring Performance

UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 7

 Principles and Concepts of Managements (Contd.)

TH
NA
B
DE
AR
M
KU
AL
ZW
UZ

Fig: Dynamic Interaction of Management Sub-Processes

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 8

 Principles and Concepts of Managements (Contd.)

TH
Importance of Management:

NA
➢ Effective utilization of resources

B
DE
➢ Development of resources

AR
➢ Integrating various interest groups (various
pressure groups like, shareholder,

M
KU
employees, government etc. exists in an
organization and the management has to
AL
balance the pressure from various interest
ZW

groups)
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 9

 Principles and Concepts of Managements (Contd.)

TH
Importance of Management (Contd.):

NA
➢ Stability in the society (management

B
DE
changes and modifies their resources in
accordance with the changing environment

AR
of the society).

M
➢ Management improve the quality of life

KU
through the development of resources.
AL
➢ To incorporate Innovation, changes need to
ZW

be incorporated to keep the organization

UZ

alive and efficient.

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 10

 Principles and Concepts of Managements (Contd.)

TH
Management is a trinity of Art, Science and Profession:

NA
➢ Management is an Art as it is concerned with

B
DE
the application of knowledge and skills
(personal qualities like music, painting etc.) to

AR
achieve results.

M
➢ Management is a Science as it has a

KU
systematized body of knowledge, concepts and
AL
principles (like the motion-studies, morale,
ZW
motivation, leadership).
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 11

 Principles and Concepts of Managements (Contd.)

TH
Management is a trinity of Art, Science and Profession (Contd.):

NA
➢ A profession is an occupation which is

B
DE
backed by a specialized knowledge and
training and entry to this occupation is

AR
restricted.

M
➢ Management is not a full fledged

KU
Profession because it does not fulfill all
AL
the characteristics of a full fledged
ZW
profession.
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 12

 Principles and Concepts of Managements (Contd.)

TH
Administration and Management :

NA
B
DE
AR
M
KU
AL
ZW
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 13

 Management in Civil Engineering

TH
NA
➢ If Civil Engineers are to regain their
leadership roles as directors of public

B
DE
works, educational changes are
necessary.

AR
M
➢ In the future, engineers must develop

KU
management skills and managers
AL
must be skilled in technical areas to
ZW
serve society adequately.
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 14

 Management in Civil Engineering (Contd.)

TH
NA
B
DE
AR
M
KU
AL
ZW
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 15

 Management in Civil Engineering (Contd.)

TH
NA
B
DE
AR
M
KU
AL
ZW
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 16

 Management in Civil Engineering (Contd.)

TH
Emerging Role of Management in Civil Engineering :

NA
➢ Large projects undertaken by large civil engineering firms and large public

B
enterprises require project managers who have considerable managerial

DE
skills as well as technical expertise.

AR
➢ The project manager in a large firm is often called upon to make client

M
presentations, write proposals, negotiate contracts and changes, hire staff,

KU
and select sub consultants.
➢ This requires civil engineers who serve as project Managers to have
AL
excellent communication skills, training in financial management, human
ZW

resources, and contract law, as well as other managerial skills.

UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 17

 Construction Management

TH
Construction:

NA
➢ “Creation, renovation, repair and

B
demolition of immobile structures

DE
and the alteration of natural

AR
topography of the ground”

M
➢ It’s a process of translating plans,

KU
specifications and resources into a
AL
physical facility to meet the specific
ZW
requirements of stakeholders within
schedule, cost and quality.
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 18

 Construction Management (Contd.)

TH
Typical sectors of Construction Industry:

NA
a) Buildings and Housing work

B
DE
b) Roads
c) Earth moving and site leveling works

AR
d) Canals and drainage work

M
KU
e) Dams
f) Industrial structures, railway works
AL
ZW
g) Power Plants
h) Water Treatment Plants
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 19

 Construction Management (Contd.)

TH
Participants and Their Roles:

NA
B
DE
AR
M
KU
AL
ZW
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 20

 Construction Management (Contd.)

TH
Problems Encountered in Construction Industry:

NA
A. Time overruns:

B
DE
➢Factors affecting time overruns are -
✓ Extent of resource mobilisation

AR
✓ Degree of mechanization planned

M
✓ Fund flow by client and contractor

KU
✓ Lack of clarity in project formulation/goals
AL
✓ Constant revision of goals during execution
ZW
✓ Natural and man made problems
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 21

 Construction Management (Contd.)

TH
Problems Encountered in Construction Industry (Contd.):

NA
B. Cost overruns:
➢Factors affecting cost overruns are -

B
DE
✓ Framing unrealistic estimates for tendering or not
updating already framed estimates prior to the event of

AR
tendering

M
✓ Setting unrealistic schedules not in harmony with

KU
resource mobilization
✓ Scope variation in post contract award stage
AL
✓ Owners obligation not fulfilled
ZW

✓ Lack of proper resource management

UZ

✓ Poor quality construction that need to be replaced

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 22

 Construction Management (Contd.)

TH
Problems Encountered in Construction Industry (Contd.):

NA
C. Deficiencies in quality of work:

B
DE
➢ Materials and workmanship are two important
parameters

AR
➢ Prior approval of sample materials and sample

M
workmanship are necessary for ensuring

KU
quality of work AL
➢ Role of supervisor and contractor are
ZW

significant to ensure in situ work

UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 23

 Construction Management (Contd.)

TH
Problems Encountered in Construction Industry (Contd.):

NA
D. Lack of harmony:

B
➢Factors leading to disharmony are -

DE
✓ Contract administration is not fair in it

AR
dealings
✓ Decisions are not prompt

M
KU
✓ Harsh interpretation of contract conditions
which are one sided and unbalanced
AL
✓ Dispute resolution is time consuming
ZW

✓ Conflict between main and sub contractor

UZ

✓ Unworkable rates of items

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 24

 Construction Equipment and Plants

TH
➢ The term ‘plant’ refers to machinery, equipment and apparatus

NA
used for an industrial activity.

B
➢ Typically, in construction, ‘plant’ refers to heavy machinery and

DE
equipment used during construction works.

AR
➢ At the smaller scale, there may be some overlap between what is

M
considered plant, small plant, tools, small tools or equipment.

KU
➢ Very broadly, ‘tools’ might be considered to be instruments that are
AL
used by hand, whereas ‘equipment’ might refer to a set
ZW

of tools used for a single purpose.

UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 25

 Construction Equipment and Plants (Contd.)

TH
Necessity of Construction Equipment:

NA
➢ Demand for more urbanization and infra structure development
➢ Land value increasing, high rise buildings development increases

B
DE
➢ Besides human labor use of mechanized equipment is inevitable

AR
Factors:

M
➢ Size and complexity of projects

KU
➢ Shortage of skilled and trained manpower
➢ Improve quality of work
AL
➢ Economical
ZW

➢ Effect of climate and topography is not significant

UZ

➢ Supervision and control is easy

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 26
 Construction Equipment and Plants (Contd.)

TH
Options to Procure Equipment :

NA
➢ Purchase New Equipment

B
✓ Huge initial investment, depreciation, major repairs, finding spare parts.

DE
✓ Major drawbacks – uncertainty of utility after completion of project.

AR
✓ Storing, maintaining and moving from site to site is more expensive.
➢ Purchase Old (used equipment)

M
KU
✓ Less initial investment.
✓ However, residual life, operating costs and availability of spares is concern.
AL
➢ Hiring of Equipment
ZW

✓ Better if usage for a shorter period and no certainty of its usage on

UZ

completion of project.

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 27

 Construction Equipment and Plants (Contd.)

TH
Options to Procure Equipment (Contd.):

NA
Suitable option is to be selected based on:

B
DE
➢ Prospects of continued use during its life
➢ Feasibility of deploying operators on equipment during idle

AR
periods

M
➢ Scope for hiring to others during idle periods

KU
➢ New technology and innovations in construction leading to
AL
higher productivity
ZW
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 28

 Construction Equipment and Plants (Contd.)

TH
Factors to Consider for Construction Equipment Selection :

NA
B
➢ Suitability for the job with specific reference to climate

DE
and other operating conditions

AR
➢ Suitable size
➢ Spare parts should be available

M
KU
➢ Technical consideration (strength, rigidity, reliability,
maintainability)
AL
➢ Service after sales
ZW
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 29

 Construction Equipment and Plants (Contd.)

TH
Concept of Time for Equipment Use :

NA
Useful life

B
Period in years during which the equipment can be economically used

DE
based on previous experience

AR
Operating life
Period of time between manufacturing and scrapping equipment.

M
KU
Influenced by wear and tear, degree of care and maintenance, climatic
condition AL
Actual working life
ZW

Useful time minus transportation, installation and dismantling time, time

UZ

for maintenance and repair

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 30

 Construction Equipment and Plants (Contd.)

TH
Common Construction Equipment:

NA
Excavator

B
➢ Digging of trenches, holes, foundations

DE
➢ Material handling

AR
➢ Forestry work

M
➢ Demolition

KU
➢ General grading/landscaping
➢ Heavy lift, e.g. lifting and placing of pipes
AL
➢ River dredging
ZW

➢ Driving piles, in conjunction with a pile driver

UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 31

 Construction Equipment and Plants (Contd.)

TH
Common Construction Equipment (Contd.):

NA
Loader

B
➢ A loader is a heavy equipment machine

DE
used in construction to move aside or

AR
load materials such as asphalt,

M
demolition debris, dirt, snow, gravel, logs,

KU
raw minerals, recycled material, rock,
sand, woodchips, etc. into or onto
AL
another type of machinery (such as
ZW

a dump truck).
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 32

 Construction Equipment and Plants (Contd.)

TH
Common Construction Equipment (Contd.):

NA
Cranes
➢ A Crane is a type of machine that can be used both to lift and lower materials

B
DE
and to move them horizontally.
➢ It is mainly used for lifting heavy things and transporting them to other places.

AR
➢ It uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and

M
thus move loads beyond the normal capability of a man.

KU
➢ Cranes are commonly employed in the transport industry for the loading and
AL
unloading of freight, in the construction industry for the movement of
ZW

materials and in the manufacturing industry for the assembling of heavy

equipment.
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 33

 Construction Equipment and Plants (Contd.)

TH
Common Construction Equipment (Contd.):

NA
Cranes (Contd.)

B
DE
AR
M
KU
AL
ZW
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 34

 Construction Equipment and Plants (Contd.)

TH
Common Construction Equipment (Contd.):

NA
Concrete Mixer

B
➢ A Concrete Mixer is a device that homogeneously

DE
combines cement, aggregate and water to form

AR
concrete.
➢ A typical concrete mixer uses a revolving drum to

M
KU
mix the components.
➢ For smaller volume works portable concrete
AL
mixers are often used so that the concrete can be
ZW

made at the construction site, giving the workers

UZ

ample time to use the concrete before it hardens.

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 35

 Construction Equipment and Plants (Contd.)

TH
Common Construction Equipment (Contd.):

NA
Concrete Mixer Truck

B
DE
➢ Special concrete transport trucks (in–
transit mixers) are made to transport and

AR
mix concrete up to the construction site.

M
➢ The concrete mixing transport truck

KU
maintains the material's liquid state
AL
through agitation, or turning of the drum,
ZW

until delivery.
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 36

 Construction Equipment and Plants (Contd.)

TH
Common Construction Equipment (Contd.):

NA
Asphalt Paver

B
➢ A Paver (paver finisher, asphalt finisher,

DE
paving machine) is a piece of

AR
construction equipment used to lay

M
asphalt on roads, bridges, parking lots

KU
and other such places.
AL
➢ It lays the asphalt flat and providing
ZW

minor compaction before it is rolled by a

roller.
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 37

 Construction Equipment and Plants (Contd.)

TH
Common Construction Equipment (Contd.):

NA
Road Roller

B
➢ A Road Roller (sometimes called a roller-

DE
compactor, or just roller) is a compactor type

AR
engineering vehicle used to compact soil,

M
gravel, concrete, or asphalt in the

KU
construction of roads and foundations.
AL
➢ Road rollers use the weight of the vehicle to
ZW

compress the surface being rolled (static) or

use mechanical advantage (vibrating).
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 38

 References

TH
➢ http://www.authorstream.com/.

NA
➢ Lecture Notes of Dr. Md. Mazharul Hoque, BUET

B
➢ Learning Production Mgt with Vetri

DE
➢ https://elearningindustry.com/4-reasons-organization-needs-learning-

AR
culture
➢ https://peopledevelopmentmagazine.com/2017/02/17/culture-in-

M
engagement/

KU
➢ https://www.bl.uk/people/frederick-winslow-taylor
AL
➢ Prinona Das (2019) “The Importance Of Management In Business”.
➢ Laurence E. Lynn (1996) “Public Management As Art, Science, and
ZW

Profession (Public Administration and Public Policy)”

UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 39

 References (Contd.)

TH
➢ https://unacademy.com/lesson/nature-of-

NA
management/5S4J7BQW/?source=Course

B
➢ https://all-free-download.com/free-vector/different-professions.html

DE
➢ https://www.shutterstock.com/
➢ Lecture Notes of Dr. Rupak Mutsuddy, BUET

AR
➢ http://www.rgube.com/

M
➢ https://www.flatworldsolutions.com/

KU
➢ https://www.constrofacilitator.com/
AL
➢ https://en.wikipedia.org/
➢ Lecture Notes of Dr. Alaattin Kanoglu, IUT
ZW

➢ https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 40

 TH
NA
B
DE
AR
M
KU
AL
ZW
UZ

2024-01-05 Project Planning and Management (CE 401) 41