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Edexcel IGCSE Physics - Unit 2 Worksheet QP

This document contains sample exam questions for a physics unit 2 exam. It includes multiple choice and written response questions covering topics like circuits, current, resistance, and static electricity. The questions would require understanding of concepts like how circuits work, the difference between direct and alternating current, and why a metal detector is able to detect buried metal objects. It provides context, diagrams, and asks students to explain, calculate, describe, or suggest answers drawing on their physics knowledge.

Uploaded by

Mayra Mudasser
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
278 views

Edexcel IGCSE Physics - Unit 2 Worksheet QP

This document contains sample exam questions for a physics unit 2 exam. It includes multiple choice and written response questions covering topics like circuits, current, resistance, and static electricity. The questions would require understanding of concepts like how circuits work, the difference between direct and alternating current, and why a metal detector is able to detect buried metal objects. It provides context, diagrams, and asks students to explain, calculate, describe, or suggest answers drawing on their physics knowledge.

Uploaded by

Mayra Mudasser
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 63

Name: _______________________________________________

o level physics unit 2

Date:

Time:

Total marks available:

Total marks achieved: ______

Page 1 of 63
Questions
Q1.The diagram shows a circuit containing a light emitting diode (LED) and a resistor.

(a) Add meters to the diagram to measure the voltage of the resistor and the current in the resistor.(3)

(b) (i) State the formula linking voltage, resistance and current. (1)
(ii) The current in the resistor is 7.3 mA. Voltage=current*resistance.
The voltage of the resistor is 0.92 V.
Calculate the resistance of the resistor. (3)

0.92=7.3x10^-3*resistance
resistance= 0.92/7.3x10^-3
resistance= 130 ohms

resistance = ........................................................... Ω
(Total for question = 7 marks)
Q2.A device called a metal detector can be used to find metal buried underground.

The metal detector has two circuits, each containing a coil of copper wire.

Diagram 1 shows the circuit for the transmitter coil.

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(a) Suggest why there is a magnetic field around the transmitter coil. (1)

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The cell supplies direct current (d.c.). The electronics in diagram 1 change the direct current into
alternating current (a.c.) in the coil.
(i) Describe the difference between direct current (d.c.) and alternating current (a.c.).
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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(ii) Alternating current is supplied to the transmitter coil.
Diagram 2 shows a gold ring in the soil below the metal detector.

Explain why there is an alternating current in the gold ring.


(3)
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.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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(c) Diagram 3 shows the circuit for the receiver coil.

As a result of the alternating current in the gold ring, there is an alternating current in the receiving coil.
Explain how an alternating current in the receiving coil causes a sound to be emitted from the
loudspeaker.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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(Total for question = 10 marks)
Q3.The circuit diagram shows a resistor connected in series with a cell and a switch.

There is an electric current in the circuit when the switch is closed.

Page 4 of 63
(a) Describe how another component could be added to the circuit to show that there is a current in
resistor X when the switch is closed.
(2)
An ammeter could be added in series with the other components. A filament lamp
.............................................................................................................................................
can be used too and if the bulb glows then there is current.
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The electric current in the circuit is a flow of charged particles.


Each charged particle has a charge of -1.6 × 10-19 C.
(i) Give the name of the charged particle.
(1)
electrons
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) When the switch is closed, the current in the cell is 160 mA.
Calculate the number of charged particles that pass through the cell in 25 s.
[charge transferred = current × time taken]
(4)

charge= 160*25
charge= 0.16*25
charge= 4
number of particles= 4/1.6*10^-19
=2.5*10^19
number of charged particles =.............................................

(iii) Resistor X in the circuit is replaced by resistor Y.


Resistor Y has a higher resistance than resistor X.
Explain how the number of charged particles passing through the cell each second changes when
resistor X is replaced by resistor Y.
(3)
Current would decrease but the voltage would remain the same thus fewer particles would flow.
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Q4.A cleaning product is applied to a car using a sponge pad.

The sponge pad is rubbed against the car to apply the cleaning product.

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(a) Some parts of the car are made of metal and other parts are made of plastic.
The metal parts of the car are earthed.
Explain why the pad becomes charged when rubbing the plastic parts, but not when rubbing the metal
parts.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The sponge pad is held near a metal post that is connected to the ground.
The sponge pad discharges with a small spark through the air to the metal post.
(i) The sponge pad stores 5.0 mJ of energy in its electrostatic store.
The voltage between the sponge pad and the metal post is 6000 V.
Calculate the charge transferred by the spark.
(3)

charge transferred = ........................................................... C


(ii) The small spark between the sponge pad and the metal post demonstrates that the sponge pad is
charged.
Describe a different experiment that could demonstrate that the sponge pad is charged.
You may draw a diagram to support your answer.
(2)

Page 6 of 63
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.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q5.This is a question about alpha particles.

(a) Describe the nature of an alpha particle.


(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The diagram shows the path of an alpha particle as it passes close to a nucleus.

(i) Draw an arrow from point X to show the force on the alpha particle due to the nucleus.
Label this force Y.
(2)
(ii) Draw an arrow to show the force on the nucleus due to the alpha particle.
Label this force Z.
(2)
(iii) Explain how the path of the alpha particle shows whether the nucleus is positive, negative or
neutral.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) The alpha particle experiences a resultant force of 3.6 N and has a mass of 6.6 × 10 –27 kg.
Calculate the acceleration of the alpha particle.
(3)

acceleration = ........................................................... m/s 2


(Total for question = 11 marks)
Q6.Diagram 1 shows a simple loudspeaker.

The coil is connected to an alternating current (a.c.) supply.

(a) Describe how the loudspeaker produces sound.


(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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(b) Diagram 2 shows two loudspeakers connected in series with a variable resistor.
The variable resistor is set to 5.0 Ω.

(i) The total voltage across the two loudspeakers is 0.75 V and the current in the circuit is 0.15 A.
Show that the total power of the two loudspeakers is about 0.1 W.
[power = current × voltage]
(2)

(ii) A student varies the resistance of the variable resistor.


The table shows the power of the loudspeakers for different resistance values of the variable resistor.

Plot the student's results on the grid.


(3)

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(iii) Draw a curve of best fit.
(2)

(c) Diagram 3 shows the loudspeakers connected in series to a cell.


Diagram 4 shows the loudspeakers connected in parallel to the same cell.

Comment on how the total resistance of the loudspeakers in diagram 3 compares with the total resistance
of the loudspeakers in diagram 4.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................

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(Total for question = 15 marks)
Q7.The diagram shows an electric circuit containing component X and a lamp connected in series.

(a) (i) Add another component to the diagram to measure the voltage of component X.
(1)
(ii) Give the name of component X.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The graph shows how the resistance of component X changes with light intensity.

(i) Use the graph to determine the resistance of component X when the light intensity is 4.0 arbitrary
Page 11 of 63
units.
(2)
resistance = ........................................................... Ω

(ii) The current in the circuit is 0.0018 A.


Calculate the voltage across component X at a light intensity of 4.0 arbitrary units.
(3)

voltage = ........................................................... V

(iii) Explain what happens to the brightness of the lamp when component X is covered with a dark sheet
of paper.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 9 marks)
Q8.Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new answer with a cross and then mark
your new answer with a cross .

(a) Which of these astronomical objects is the largest? (1)


A a comet
B the Earth
C the Moon
D the Sun

(b) Which of these types of radiation is the most ionising?


(1)
A alpha
B beta
C gamma
D ultraviolet

(c) Which of these is the unit for resistance?


(1)
A ampere
B ohm
C volt

Page 12 of 63
D watt

(d) Which of these parts of the electromagnetic spectrum has the shortest wavelength? (1)
A infrared
B microwave
C ultraviolet
D x-ray
(e) Which of these temperatures is the same as 0 °C? (1)
A -273 K
B 3K
C 273 K
D 373 K
(Total for question = 5 marks)
Q9.This question is about an electric fan.

(a) A battery supplies a voltage of 12 V and a current of 0.25 A to the fan.


The fan is switched on for 12 seconds and the fan gains 25 J in its kinetic energy store.
Calculate the efficiency of this energy transfer.
(4)

efficiency = ........................................................... %

(b) The diagram shows part of the electric motor inside the fan.

(i) Explain why the coil starts to rotate when there is a current in the coil.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

Page 13 of 63
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Which side of the coil moves vertically upwards?
(1)
A WX
B XY
C YZ
D ZW
(Total for question = 9 marks)
Q10.A teacher uses this circuit to investigate how the current in a circuit changes with the temperature of
a room.

(a) (i) Calculate the voltage across the thermistor.


(2)

voltage = ........................................................... V
(ii) State the formula linking voltage, current and resistance.
(1)

(iii) Calculate the resistance of the thermistor.


(3)

resistance = ........................................................... Ω

(b) The graph shows how the resistance of the thermistor changes with temperature.

Page 14 of 63
(i) Describe the relationship between the temperature and the resistance of the thermistor.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain how the reading on the voltmeter changes when the temperature of the room decreases.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 11 marks)
Q11.The diagram shows part of a device used to demonstrate electrostatic charge.

(a) Negatively charged water droplets fall into bucket A.


Describe how bucket A becomes negatively charged.
(2)
Page 15 of 63
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Explain why the negatively charged droplets spread out as they fall.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) (i) A droplet hits bucket A with a speed of 3.8 m/s.


Calculate the kinetic energy of the droplet when it hits bucket A.
[mass of droplet = 6.2 × 10–9 kg]
(3)

kinetic energy = ........................................................... J


(ii) The total charge stored in bucket A is –1.1 × 10–10 C.
This charge passes through the air between the buckets in 9.2 × 10 –3 s, causing a spark between
bucket A and bucket B.
Calculate the mean current between the buckets.
(3)

mean current = ........................................................... A


–10
(iii) The spark transfers a charge of –1.1 × 10 C.
The mean voltage between the buckets is 1.7 kV.
Calculate the energy transferred by the spark.
(3)

energy transferred = ........................................................... J


(Total for question = 13 marks)

Page 16 of 63
Q12.A student investigates how the current in a filament lamp varies with the voltage across it.
The student has this equipment
 filament lamp
 cell
 variable resistor
 ammeter
 voltmeter
 connecting wires

(a) Draw a circuit diagram that the student could use for this investigation.
(4)

(b) The table gives the student's results.

(i) Plot the results on the grid.


(1)
(ii) Draw the curve of best fit.
(1)

Page 17 of 63
(c) The filament of the lamp is made of metal.
The student suggests that a straight line on the graph is more appropriate than a curve because
current is directly proportional to voltage for a metal.
(i) Suggest how the student could improve their investigation to find out whether a straight line or
curve is more appropriate.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Explain why the student should not expect current to be proportional to voltage for this filament lamp.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 9 marks)
Q13.Diagram 1 shows a light-emitting diode (LED) and a resistor in series with a cell and an ammeter.

Page 18 of 63
(a) The voltage across the LED is 0.63 V.
Calculate the current in the circuit.
Give your answer in milliamps.
(4)

current = ........................................................... mA

(b) Diagram 2 shows a second LED and an extra resistor connected in parallel with the cell.

The resistor and the LED are the same as the components used in diagram 1.
The two resistors are identical and the two LEDs are identical.
Explain how the ammeter reading will change.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Page 19 of 63
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.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q14.The circuit diagram shows a 9.0 V battery connected in series with a 250 Ω resistor
and another resistor, X.

(a) Draw a voltmeter on the circuit diagram to measure the voltage of resistor X.
(2)
(b) The current in the circuit is 0.012 A.
Calculate the resistance of resistor X.
(4)

resistance = ........................................................... Ω
(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q15.The diagram shows a circuit containing a cell, two switches and two resistors, R1 and R2.

Page 20 of 63
(a) A light emitting diode (LED) is represented using the symbol

Draw a LED on the circuit diagram that will indicate when there is a current in resistor R 1 .
(2)
(b) Both switches in the circuit are now closed.
(i) Draw an ammeter on the circuit diagram that will measure the current in the cell.
(1)
(ii) The voltage across the cell is 4.5 V.
Explain how the voltage across R2 compares with the voltage across the cell.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) Switch 1 is now opened whilst switch 2 remains closed.


(i) State the formula linking energy transferred, charge and voltage.
(1)

(ii) The voltage across the cell stays constant at 4.5 V.


Calculate the charge transferred through the cell when the cell transfers 4.1 J of energy.
(3)

charge transferred ........................................................... C


(iii) A student investigates how the current in resistor R 2 varies with the voltage across it.
Describe how the circuit could be modified for the student to do this investigation.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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(Total for question = 12 marks)

Page 21 of 63
Q16.(a) State what is meant by the term electric current.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Diagram 1 shows an electric circuit used to test a fuse.

(i) Give a reason why an LED is included in the circuit.


(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Add another component to the circuit in diagram 1 to measure the current in the fuse.
(1)
(c) Diagram 2 shows a different electric circuit containing three different lamps.

(i) Calculate the current I1.


(1)
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I1 ........................................................... A
(ii) State the current I2.
(1)
I2 ........................................................... A
(iii) Explain which lamp is the brightest.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q17.A racing car uses an engine and an electric motor to power its wheels.

(a) The electric motor can only operate at maximum power for part of each lap of the race.
The electric motor has a maximum power output of 1.2 × 10 5 W.
The electric motor transfers 4.0 × 10 6 J of energy when it operates at maximum power.
Calculate the amount of time the electric motor can operate at maximum power.
(3)

time = ........................................................... s

(b) The diagram shows a simplified view of a direct current (d.c.) electric motor.

Page 23 of 63
(i) State what is meant by the term direct current.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain the purpose of the brushes and the commutator in the d.c. motor.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) The electric motor in the racing car can also be used as a generator to charge a battery pack. It is
known as a motor generator unit (MGU).
The rotating wheels of the car cause the magnets in the MGU to spin near a coil of wire.
This induces a current in the coil when the coil is connected to the battery pack.
(i) Name the energy store of the battery pack that increases when the battery pack is being charged.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain why the kinetic energy store of the car must decrease when the MGU charges the battery
pack.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 11 marks)
Q18.The diagram shows some apparatus used to find the mass of an object.

The two pieces of metal foil act as a variable resistor.

When more mass is added, the elastic string stretches and the small piece of metal foil moves to the right.

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(a) (i) Draw the circuit diagram for this electrical circuit.
The variable resistor has been drawn for you.
(4)

(ii) Draw a voltmeter on the diagram to measure the voltage of the variable resistor.
(2)
(b) Explain how the voltage across the variable resistor changes if more mass is added to the end of the
elastic string.
(4)
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.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) The student extends the investigation by keeping the mass constant and replacing the cell with a
Page 25 of 63
variable power supply.
The student measures the current in the circuit for different voltages.
These are the results.

(i) State the independent variable in the student's investigation.


(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Plot the student's results on the grid.
(3)
(iii) Draw a line of best fit.
(1)

(Total for question = 15 marks)


Q19.The photograph shows a person using a roll of plastic wrapping to cover a plate of food.

The plastic wrapping sticks to the plate due to electrostatic charges.

Page 26 of 63
The passage explains why the plastic wrapping sticks to the plate.

Use words from the box to complete the passage.

Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

The person pulls a layer of plastic wrapping from the roll.

Forces between the layers of wrapping transfer particles called ..............................................................


from one layer to another layer.

The layer gaining these particles acquires a .............................................................. charge.

The layer losing these particles acquires a .............................................................. charge.

The negatively charged layer of wrapping repels .............................................................. in the plate,


leaving a positive charge in the plate where it touches the plastic wrapping.

The wrapping and plate .............................................................. due to them having opposite charges.
(Total for question = 5 marks)
Q20.The diagram shows a simplified view of part of an inkjet printer.

A negatively charged ink drop falls vertically between a pair of charged plates.

(a) The ink drop experiences a horizontal electrostatic force as it falls.

Explain the direction of the electrostatic force exerted on the ink drop by the charged plates.
Page 27 of 63
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) On the diagram, draw the path of the ink drop as it falls between the charged plates until it hits the
paper.
(2)

(c) (i) The ink drop experiences a horizontal force of 8.5 × 10 –7 N when it is between the charged plates.
The mass of the ink drop is 1.1 × 10 –10 kg.
Calculate the horizontal acceleration of the ink drop when it is between the charged plates.
(3)

acceleration = ........................................................... m/s 2


(ii) The ink drop has no initial horizontal velocity before it passes between the charged plates.
After passing between the charged plates, the horizontal velocity of the ink drop is 3.9 m/s.
Calculate the horizontal distance travelled by the ink drop as it passes between the charged plates.
Give your answer in mm.
(4)

distance = ........................................................... mm

(d) Explain how another ink drop could be deflected in the opposite direction by a greater distance using
the charged plates in
the inkjet printer.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 13 marks)

Page 28 of 63
Q21.Diagram 1 shows a machine used for demonstrating electrostatics.

(a) When the handle is turned, the dome becomes positively charged.
(i) In terms of electron movement, give a reason why the metal dome becomes positively charged.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) When the handle is turned for 15 s the dome gains 0.50 J of energy in its electrostatic store as it
becomes charged.
The voltage between the dome and the earth is 120 kV.
Calculate the mean charging current during this time.
(3)

mean charging current = ........................................................... A

(b) The metal dome is discharged.


A thin metal case is then placed on top of the metal dome, as shown in Diagram 2.

Page 29 of 63
(i) When the handle is turned, the thin metal case moves upwards away from the dome.
Explain why the thin metal case starts to move upwards.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain why the metal case reaches a maximum height above the metal dome.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 11 marks)
Q22.A student investigates how the current in a 60 Ω resistor varies with the voltage across the resistor.

(a) The student has access to this equipment


 12 V battery
 ammeter and voltmeter
 60 Ω resistor
 variable resistor
 switch
 connecting wires
Draw a circuit diagram to show how the student could connect this equipment to carry out the
investigation.
(4)

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(b) Describe a suitable method the student could use for this investigation.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) (i) Complete the current–voltage graph by drawing a line that shows the expected results of the
investigation.
(3)

(ii) The student repeats their investigation with a 120 Ω resistor.


Explain how a current–voltage graph for a 120 Ω resistor compares with the current–voltage graph
for the 60 Ω resistor.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

Page 31 of 63
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.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 14 marks)
Q23.The photograph shows a hair dryer plugged into the mains supply.

The hair dryer contains a fuse.

(a) State which wire in the hair dryer should be in series with the fuse.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The fuse is an electrical safety feature used in mains-operated domestic appliances.
State two other electrical safety features that can be used in mains-operated domestic appliances.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

2 ..........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) The hair dryer has a current of 9.6 A.


The mains supply voltage is 230 V.
(i) State the formula linking power, current and voltage.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the power of the hair dryer.


Give the unit.
(3)

Page 32 of 63
power = ........................................ unit ........................................
(iii) The hair dryer contains a coil of wire which is used to heat air passing through the hair dryer.
Explain why the coil of wire heats up when there is a current in it.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(d) Explain how a fuse protects a domestic appliance.


(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 13 marks)
Q24.A student is given a type of putty that conducts electricity.

He rolls the putty into cylinders of different cross-sectional area.

The photograph shows the cylinders.

The student investigates how the electrical resistance of the putty is affected by its cross-sectional area.

(a) The diagram shows the cross-sectional area of one of the cylinders of putty.

Page 33 of 63
(i) Use the diagram to determine the mean diameter of the cylinder of putty.
(2)

mean diameter = ........................................................... cm


(ii) Calculate the cross-sectional area of the cylinder of putty in cm2.
[area of a circle = π × radius2]
(2)

cross-sectional area = ........................................................... cm2

(b) The student connects a cylinder of putty to a battery.


He measures the voltage of the cylinder and the current in the circuit.
Complete the circuit diagram, adding suitable instruments to measure the voltage of the cylinder and
the current in the circuit.
(3)

(c) The student uses his voltage and current measurements to calculate the resistance of this cylinder.
He repeats this for other cylinders.
The table shows some of his results.

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(i) Calculate the resistance of the cylinder when the cross-sectional area of the cylinder is 24.6 cm2.
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
(2)
resistance = ........................................................... Ω
(ii) Plot a graph of resistance on the y-axis and cross-sectional area on the x-axis.
(3)
(iii) Draw the curve of best fit.
(1)

(d) The student extends his investigation by connecting two new identical cylinders to a battery.
The diagram shows the circuit he uses.

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He measures the voltage of each cylinder and the total current in the circuit.
Discuss how his measurements of voltage and current compare with the measurements when only
one of these cylinders is used.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 17 marks)
Q25.(a) (i) A student investigates how current varies with voltage for a metal filament lamp.
Draw a diagram of the circuit that a student could use for this investigation.
(4)

(ii) Describe a method the student could use for their investigation.
(4)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The student extends the investigation by recording additional data for the lamp.
This is her method.
For each voltage
 switch the current on for 45 seconds
 record the current and colour of the lamp
 calculate the power and the energy transferred by the lamp
The table shows the student's results.

(i) State the unit for current.


(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Calculate the missing value of energy for the voltage of 4.0 V.
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
(2)

energy = ........................................................... J
(iii) The colour of a star is related to its surface temperature.
The Sun is yellow.
Use the student's results to identify a colour for a star that is cooler than the Sun.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 12 marks)
Q26.A student investigates how the current in a filament lamp varies as the voltage across the lamp is
changed.

(a) Draw a circuit that the student could use for this investigation.
(4)

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(b) The student completes the investigation.
The graph shows their results.

(i) Draw a curve of best fit.


(1)
(ii) Use the graph to determine the resistance of the filament lamp when the voltage across the lamp
is 2.0 V.
(3)

resistance = ........................................................... Ω
(iii) Explain the change in the resistance of the filament lamp as the voltage across the lamp is
increased from 2.0 V.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 10 marks)
Q27.The diagram shows a circuit used to investigate the relationship between current and voltage for a
light-emitting diode (LED).

(a) Draw meters on the diagram to measure the voltage of the LED and the current in the LED.
(3)
(b) The table shows the results of the investigation.

(i) Plot the results on the grid.

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(3)
(ii) One of the results is anomalous.
On the graph, draw a circle around the anomalous result.
(1)
(iii) Draw a curve of best fit.
(1)

(iv) Give a reason why a line graph is the best way of showing these results.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(v) State the formula linking voltage, current and resistance.
(1)

(vi) Any current larger than 15 mA will permanently damage the LED.
The resistor in the circuit has a resistance of 270 Ω.
Use the results from the investigation to determine the maximum voltage of the power supply without
damaging the LED.
(4)

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maximum voltage = ........................................................... V
(Total for question = 14 marks)
Q28.The circuit diagram shows a motor, power supply, switch and variable resistor connected in series.

(a) The switch is open and the motor is not moving.


State how much energy is in the kinetic energy store of the motor.
(1)
kinetic energy = ........................................................... J

(b) The switch is closed.


The motor takes 0.42 seconds to reach its maximum speed of rotation.
The mean current in the motor is 3.9 A.
The voltage across the motor is 7.1 V.
Show that the work done on the motor during the 0.42 seconds is about 12 J.
(2)

work done = ........................................................... J

(c) Complete the Sankey diagram for the electric motor during the 0.42 seconds by giving the missing
information.
(3)

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(d) Use the Sankey diagram to calculate the efficiency of the process of bringing the motor to its
maximum speed of rotation.
(3)

efficiency = ........................................................... %
(Total for question = 9 marks)
Q29.The photograph shows a mains-operated, decorative lamp, X.

Lamp X has seven identical bulbs that are connected in series.

(a) Give a disadvantage of connecting the bulbs in series.


(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Suggest an advantage of connecting the bulbs in series.


(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) Each bulb has a working resistance of 390 Ω.

The voltage across each bulb is 33 V.


(i) State the formula linking voltage, current and resistance.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the current in each bulb.


(3)

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current = ........................................................... A
(iii) Calculate the energy transferred to lamp X when it is used for 2.5 hours.
(4)

energy transferred = ........................................................... J

(d) Another decorative lamp, Y, uses five of the same 390 Ω bulbs connected in series.

Both lamps are mains operated.

Explain how the brightness of a single bulb in lamp Y compares to the brightness of a single bulb in
lamp X.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 13 marks)
Q30.The diagram shows a small computer in two difference cases, X and Y.

The electronic chip in the computer is hot when in use. Each case is designed to cool the computer chip.

Case X is made of white plastic and has a fan.

Case Y is made of black-painted aluminium metal and has no fan. There is a metal block that is in contact

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with the case and the chip.

(a) Explain the main method of heat transfer from the chip to the surroundings for case X.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Explain the main method of heat transfer from the chip to the surroundings for case Y.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) (i) State the formula linking power, current and voltage.(1)

(ii) The small computer operates at a voltage of 5.1 V with a current of 2.9 A.
Calculate the power of the small computer.
Give the unit.
(3)

power =................................................unit ..................................................


(Total for question = 10 marks)
Q31.(a) A student charges a plastic rod by rubbing it with a cloth.

The rod becomes negatively charged.


(i) Which statement explains how the rod becomes negatively charged?
(1)
A the rod gains positively charged electrons
B the rod loses positively charged electrons
C the rod gains negatively charged electrons
D the rod loses negatively charged electrons

(ii) Describe how the student could demonstrate that the rod is charged.
(2)
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.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The student has several other rods made from different kinds of plastic.
Some rods can be charged positively and some can be charged negatively.
Describe an experiment to show that different rods have different types of charge.
You may draw a diagram to help your answer.
(3)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 6 marks)
Q32.The SPS is a particle accelerator in Geneva.

The SPS can accelerate sulfur particles to speeds almost as fast as the speed of light.

(a) Neutral sulfur particles can become positively charged sulfur particles.
Describe the difference between a neutral sulfur particle and a positively charged sulfur particle.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Diagram 1 shows a section of the SPS.

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Positively charged sulfur particles are introduced at point P and accelerate to the right.
Explain why the positively charged sulfur particles accelerate.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) The sulfur particles enter a large tube and complete a circular orbit.
Diagram 2 shows a sulfur particle, travelling with velocity v, in the tube.

(i) A magnetic force acts on the positively charged sulfur particle.


This force makes the particle travel in a circle.
The force is labelled F.
Use the left-hand rule to determine the direction of the applied magnetic field.
(1)

(ii) The tube has a radius of 1.1 km and the sulfur particle has an orbital speed of 2.9 × 10 8 m/s.
Calculate the orbital period of the sulfur particle.
(3)

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orbital period = ........................................................... s
(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q33.The diagram shows part of a radio antenna.

The plastic tube protects the radio antenna from bad weather.

Dust particles carried by the wind rub against the plastic tube.

After some time, the dust particles cause the tube to become positively charged.

(a) State the property of plastic that allows it to become electrostatically charged.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Explain how the plastic tube becomes positively charged.


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(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) The plastic tube is attached to a metal mast.


This would cause the metal mast to become positively charged.
Explain why there is a wire connecting the metal mast to the Earth.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(d) The plastic tube gains a charge of 4.3 mC.


The energy stored on the tube is 3.7 J.
Calculate the voltage between the plastic tube and the metal mast.
(3)

voltage = ........................................................... V

(e) An engineer is working on the radio antenna.


Describe the hazard to the engineer if there is no earth wire.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(Total for question = 11 marks)

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Q34.A student investigates how the current in a filament lamp changes when the voltage across the lamp
is varied.
(a) Draw a circuit diagram the student could use in their investigation.
(4)

(b) The graph shows the student's results.

(i) Describe the relationship between current and voltage shown on the graph.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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(ii) State the formula linking resistance, voltage and current.
(1)

(iii) Use the graph to determine the resistance of the filament lamp when the voltage across the lamp
is 7.2 V.
(3)

resistance = ........................................................... Ω
(Total for question = 10 marks)
Q35.A family has a television set.

(a) The television set has a low power mode called standby.
When on standby, the power rating of the television set is 0.27 W.
Calculate the energy transferred to the television set on standby in 12 hours.
(3)

energy transferred = ........................................................... J

(b) In normal use, the current in the television set is 0.31 A.


(i) Explain how a fuse works to protect the television set if there is a fault.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Explain why a 13 A fuse is not an appropriate choice of fuse to use in the plug of this television set.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

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.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 8 marks)
Q36.The diagram shows the inside of an oscilloscope.

Electrons leave the electron supply and accelerate towards the screen.

The stream of electrons hits the screen.

(a) The grid is connected to the positive terminal of a high voltage power supply.
(i) Explain, in terms of the movement of particles, how the grid has become positively charged.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) State the formula linking kinetic energy, mass and speed.
(1)

(iii) Calculate the speed of an electron when it has 1.3 × 10 −15 J of kinetic energy.
The mass of an electron is 9.1 × 10−31 kg.
(3)

speed = ........................................................... m/s

(b) The stream of electrons spreads out as it travels towards the screen.
Explain why the electrons in the stream move apart from each other.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
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.............................................................................................................................................

(c) The oscilloscope can cause the electrons to move in a circle.


This produces a circular pattern on the screen.

(i) Use the scale to determine the radius of the circle.


(1)
radius = ........................................................... cm
(ii) The time taken for the electrons to complete one orbit of the circle is 24 ms.
Calculate the orbital speed of the electrons.
Use the formula

(3)

orbital speed = ........................................................... m/s


(Total for question = 12 marks)
Q37.Mobile phone charger X contains a transformer and is used to charge the phone's battery.

Diagram 1 shows the information on charger X.

(a) (i) The power of the charger can be calculated using the formula

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power = current × voltage

Calculate the output power of charger X.


(2)

output power = ........................................................... W

(ii) Calculate the input current to charger X.

Assume that charger X is 100% efficient.


(3)

input current = ........................................................... A

(b) Charger X transfers a charge of 10 500 C to the mobile phone battery.

(i) State the formula linking charge, current and time.


(1)

(ii) Calculate the time in minutes to transfer a charge of 10 500 C to the battery.
(3)

time = ........................................................... minutes

(iii) Charger Y can also be used to charge the mobile phone battery.

Diagram 2 shows the information label for charger Y.

Explain how the time taken to transfer the same amount of charge to the mobile phone battery will be
affected when charger Y is used instead of charger X.
(2)

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.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) Both chargers contain step-down transformers.

Explain how a step-down transformer works.

You may include a diagram to support your answer.


(4)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 15 marks)
Q38.An ultrasonic distance-measuring device can be used to measure the length of a room.

The device emits a pulse of sound with a frequency of 40 kHz.

The device also emits a bright beam of red visible light.

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(a) Explain what is meant by a frequency of 40 kHz.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) A sound wave from the device travels at 345 m / s.


(i) State the formula linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
(1)

(ii) Calculate the wavelength of the sound wave.


(3)

wavelength = ........................................................... m
(iii) The device emits a sound wave.
The sound wave travels to the wall, reflects back to the device and is received by the device.
The distance from the device to the wall is 2.35 m.
Calculate the time between the sound wave being emitted and received by the device.
(4)

time = ........................................................... s

(c) Suggest why the device emits visible light.


(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(d) Sound waves and light waves can have different frequencies and wavelengths.
Describe three other differences between sound waves and light waves.
You may draw diagrams to support your answer.
(3)

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.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 14 marks)
Q39.A tumble dryer is a household device that dries clothes.

The clothes rotate in a heated cylinder.

Clothes often stick together when they are dry because they become electrostatically charged.

A student investigates how different materials charge electrostatically in a model tumble dryer.

The diagram shows the model tumble dryer.

This is the student's method.

 put four dry squares of the same material into the cylinder
 rotate the cylinder at constant speed for three minutes
 remove any squares that are stuck together
 measure the force needed to pull the squares apart
 repeat this for squares of different material

(a) (i) Name a device the student could use to measure a force.
(1)

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.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) State the independent and dependent variables in this investigation.
(2)
independent .............................................................................................................................................

dependent .............................................................................................................................................
(iii) State a control variable in this investigation.
(1)
.............................................................................................................................................

(b) Explain how the squares of material stick together.

Use ideas about electrostatic charge in your answer.


(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(c) The table shows some of the student's results.

Explain which type of graph is the most appropriate to present the results from this investigation.
(2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(d) (i) State the formula linking charge, current and time.
(1)

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(ii) When the squares of material are pulled apart there is a small spark.
There is a current of 4.3 × 10-6 A in the air for a time of 2.3 × 10-3 s.
Calculate the charge that is transferred.
(2)

charge = ........................................................... C
(Total for question = 12 marks)
Q40.This question is about voltage and current.

(a) The diagram shows two resistors connected to a battery.

Calculate the voltage across resistor R.


(4)

voltage = ........................................................... V

(b) The diagram shows the parts of an ammeter.


The pointer is connected to the coil so they can move together.

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(i) Explain what happens when there is a current in the coil.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Draw an arrow on the diagram to show the force acting on side CD of the coil when there is a current
in the coil.
(1)
(iii) Explain how the ammeter could be changed so that it could measure smaller currents.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 11 marks)
Q41.Diagram 1 shows a circuit built by a student.

(a) (i) State the formula linking voltage, current and resistance.
(1)
(ii) Calculate the voltage across the 17 Ω resistor.
(3)

voltage = ........................................................... V
(iii) State the voltage across the 6.2 Ω resistor.
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(1)
voltage = ........................................................... V
(iv) Calculate the current in the battery.
(2)

current = ........................................................... mA

(b) Diagram 2 shows a second circuit built by the student using the same battery and resistors.

Explain how the current in the battery will change now the resistors are connected in series.
You do not need to do any calculations in your answer.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 10 marks)
Q42.A student uses the circuit shown in diagram 1 to investigate how the current changes with voltage
for a filament lamp.

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(a) (i) Give the name of component Y. (1)

.............................................................................................................................................
(ii) Give a reason why component Y is included in the circuit. (1)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The graph shows some of the student's results.

(i) State the formula linking charge, current and time. (1)

(ii) Determine the current in the lamp when the voltage across the lamp is 10 V. (1)
current = ........................................................... A
(iii) Calculate the charge transferred through the lamp in 30 s when the voltage across the lamp is 10
V.
Give the unit.
(3)

charge = .................................... unit .......................


(iv) Calculate the time for the lamp to transfer 250 J of energy when the voltage across the lamp is 10
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V. (3)

time = ........................................................... s
(v) The student disconnects the cell and reconnects it with its terminals reversed.
Complete the graph to show how the current in the lamp varies with voltage across the lamp when
the cell is connected with its terminals reversed.
(2)
(c) The student replaces the filament lamp with a light emitting diode (LED) and replaces the cell with an
alternating current (a.c.) power supply, as shown in diagram 2.
The student also removes the ammeter and voltmeter from the circuit.

Explain why the LED flashes on and off in this circuit. (2)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................
(Total for question = 14 marks)
Q43.Diagram 1 shows a trolley seen from above.

A copper rod is attached to the front of the trolley.

The rod is connected to a voltmeter fixed to the trolley.

(a) Diagram 2 shows the path of the trolley, backwards and forwards through a very strong magnetic field
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directed into the page.
The shaded area shows the magnetic field.

(i) A voltage is induced in the copper rod as the trolley moves through the magnetic field.
Explain why the sign of the voltmeter reading changes as the trolley moves backwards and forwards.
(3)
.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(ii) Give a reason why the magnitude of the induced voltage might change. (1)

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

(b) The voltmeter is replaced by a resistor.


A charge of 1.4 × 10–4 C flows in the resistor during a time of 0.78 s.
(i) Calculate the mean current in the resistor. (3)

mean current = ........................................................... A

(ii) The thermal energy store of the resistor increases by 2.3 × 10 –6 J as energy is transferred to it
electrically.
Calculate the mean voltage across the resistor when a charge of 1.4 × 10 –4 C transfers this energy.
(3)

mean voltage = ........................................................... V


(Total for question = 10 marks)

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