Scribd
Upload
20 views

Synchronous Generators

Hatt ban code

Uploaded by

SAGAR parihar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
20 views

Synchronous Generators

Hatt ban code

Uploaded by

SAGAR parihar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6
5.3.1 Introduction sty 1 generated in power hou: (BP a be potential chergy of mann, The SOuIve of energy which is converted into electrical 7 os ‘er, energy of high pressure steam, or gas. In an hydroelectric house. say in Bhakra Dam Cun over the river Sutlej. The parishes water head has been created by constructing a high- Brines located atthe base of the dam, on of water is utilized in running a number of water rer the turbines rotate, electricity capacity AC generators are coupled with these turbines. Me vencctions, stopped wp w « bi is generated in the AC generators which is brought out through ak a w0 places where elect i igher voltage and transmitted through long transmission lines to be fek icity is required The AC generators, also called the alternators, used for generation oF & ae ‘on a large scale are invariably three-phase AC generators. fb seneranon of voltage is based on the basic principle that when there is relative motion between a Honductor and a magnetic field, EMF is induced in the conductor. This is called the generating action. The same machine will work as a motor when electrical energy is the input and mechanical energy isthe output. 4 motor works on the basic principle that when a current carrying conductor is placed ing magnetic field, it experiences a fore A ‘hus, the electro-mechanical energy conversion that takes in an electrical machine is a reversible process. That is the same machine works as a generator vhen mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy and as a motor when electrical energy 1s coaverted into mechanical output : 5.3.2 Constructional Details of Synchronous Generator fina three phase synchronous generator, a set of coils are placed in slots inside a hollow cylindrical “asor, The coils are wound for different number of poles. Magnetic poles are formed on the rotor and tr muted by a prime mover, ¢., a turbine. The rotating poles produce a flux which cuts the stator Ataductons. Because of the cutting of fux by the coil sides, Le, conductors, EMF is induced in them, The poles forming the rotor are rotated ata constant speed, called the synchronous. spel! so Tat EMF ofconstant frequency is generated. Normally the electricity generated 1s for 30 cycles per second. The relationship between the rotor speed, .¢, synchronous speed, N, the number of poles, P and the frequency of induced EMF, fis given by 20f P (S11) _ SP Ithe poles for which the machine is made is 2, and the frequency of generated EMF to be 50 Hz, then the turbine speed must be | _ 12050 _ 5000 pm . N, = 1000 rpm and so on. __ fen . = 4, N,= 1500 rpm; for P = 6.N, “teed calculated he for P Fonmung the magnetic poles which are rotated by the turbine are of two Racy ee of t sed pole YP rotor construction where number of poles are made by passing fed bel _ one windings ‘of the pole cores. Where a large number of poles are required to be - s les are ms this pe of projected (othe peed of the turbines is comparatively lower than the speed hydroelectric generating ons. For example, the turbine speed in Bhakra Hydroclec- of ‘Seam turbines used in o— aed rpm, To generate electricity at 50 Hz, the number of magnetic 5.40 Basic Electrical Engineering poles required on the rotor is as many as 36. Projected type of poles are we es ded rors when a large rhumber of poles are to be fixed on the rotor. Such rotors are called salient-type rotors. When P= 36 ang the frequency of the induced EMF is to be 50 Hz, then the turbine speed, N, is _120x50 = 167 rpm 36 a In thermal power stations the turbine speed is usually maintained at 3000 rpm so that the number of rotor poles is only 2. 120% 50 _ 3000 rpm High-speed rotors are made cylindrical type, or non-projected type and are also called non-salient type. Thust fwo types of rotor construction are made, one is the salient-type rotor and the other is the non-salien?O¥Cylindrical-type rotors. The stator construction is the same in both the cases. Three-phase windings, displaced at 120° apart are made on the stator Se view of the two types of synchronous machines are shown in Fig. 5.36. The stator windings that are made on stator slots have not been shown in the figures. Direct current supply is provided to the field windings so that the poles are magnetized. Current to the rotating field windings is supplied through brush and slip-ring arrangement. The field winding current, I, produces the flux. The rotor carrying the field poles with their windings carrying current is rotated with the help of a prime mover, i.e., a turbine. Since the rotor is rotating, current from fixed supply terminals is to be provided to the rotor field windings through the brush and slip-ring arrangement. A, set of two brushes and slip rings are required to supply DC current to the field windings. Three- phase armature windings are made on the stator slots, and connections from these windings to the load can be taken directly. Thus, we have a three-phase winding placed on the stator slots) Field poles are formed on the rotor which are excited by supplying direct current using two sets of Brtish and slip rings. Rotor magnetic — A field axis Stator slots Stator sot Air gp Stator mv Field aa winding Shaft Shaft Field winding $ Stator | | a ©) Figure 5.36 Cross-sectional view of (a) Salient-pole-type synchronous machine; (b)

You might also like