FORM 1

UNIT 1: NATURE OF RELIGION

What is religion?

Religion is what people believe in and practice.

EXAMPLES OF WORLD RELIGIONS

Religion Founder Place of worship Sacred Book Followers

Christianity Jesus Christ Church Holy Bible Christians

Islam Prophet Mosque Quran/Koran Moslems/Muslims

Muhammad

Hinduism No founder Mandir/Temple Vedas Hindus

Buddhism Siddartha Gautama Temple Pali - canon Buddhists

Sikhism Guru Nanak Gurdwara Guru Granth Sahib Sikhs

Judaism Abraham Synagogue Torah Jews

Bahai Faith Bahaullah Baha’i Temples Kitab-i-Aqdas Baha’is

African No Founder Hills / shrines No Holy book Batswana

Traditional
Religion in
Botswana

1
Confucianism Confucius No specific place Si Shu Confucians

Jainism Mahavira Jain Temple Jaina Sutras Part 1 Jains

&2

Shinto No founder Shrines Jinno Shotoki Shintoists

Zoroastrianism Zoroaster Temple of fire Avesta Zoroastrians

Taoism Lao-Tze Homes Tao – te- Ching Taoists

2
CLASSIFICATION OF WORLD RELIGIONS

World Religions can be classified into two main types which are theistic and non – theistic.

Theistic – They are religions whose followers believe in God or gods.

Non – Theistic – They are religions whose followers do not believe in God or gods but accept the existence of a super - natural power or being.

EXAMPLES OF THEISTIC AND NON – THEISTIC RELIGIONS

Theistic

- African Traditional Religion

- Judaism

- Christianity

- Islam

- Baha’i Faith

- Sikhism

- Zoroastrianism

- Hinduism

- Shinto

Non theistic

- Buddhism

3
- Jainism

- Taoism

Theistic Religions can be divided into Mono – theistic and poly-theistic.

Mono – theistic – is religions which believe in one God whereas Poly – theistic are those that believe in many gods.

EXAMPLES OF MONO - THEISTIC AND POLY – THEISTIC RELIGIONS

Mono Theistic Poly theistic

- Judaism - Hinduism

- Christianity - Shinto

- Islam - African Traditional Religion

- Baha’i Faith

- Sikhism

- Zoroastrianism

EVIDENCE OF EXISTENCE OF RELIGION IN THE COMMUNITY

It can be shown through the following;

A). Places of worship e.g. Churches, Mosques Gurdwara

B). Religious leaders e.g. Pastors, prophets, Traditional doctors, Imams.

C). Religious objects e.g. Holy objects such as prayer beads, cross, ditaola, statues of gods and goddesses, lonaka, ZCC badge.

4
D). Religious clothing includes: items such as robes, clerical collars, headgear worn by Christians, yarmulke/ skull cap, turban worn by Sikh
men.

E). Religious books e.g. Bibles, Quran, guru Granth Sahib.

F). Behaviour and actions of followers e.g. Praying, festivals e.g. Christmas, Dikgafela. Baptism, confirmation.

- Types of food e.g. Moslems eat Halaal food and Jews eat kosher food.

- Behaviour e.g. showing respect, tolerance, love for one another. Helping the poor with food clothes, shelter and praying for the sick.

THE BENEFITS OF BEING A RELIGIOUS PERSON IN THE COMMUNITY

1. Getting moral and spiritual support from members of your religion. E.g. during sad times, as grief, loneness they offer counseling and
encouragement to carry on.

2. Friendship – members meet fore worship or and prayer meetings. When they meet with other of their faith, they are able to share their
beliefs and establish friendships.

3. Material support – Most religious groups provide food, clothes and shelter to the poor as individuals or organizations.

4. Spiritual growth – As people share beliefs with others, their understanding deepen, they grow spiritually and their faith strengthens.
Religions help people to understand their purpose in life.

5. Discovering one’s talents – Creative and artistic skills can be improved through music, choirs and prayer at church. Some of the best
musicians in the world started out as choir members.

6. Life changing – One can learn to behave in an acceptable manner e.g. some can stop stealing, lying, doing drugs and become a
trustworthy and productive member of society.

7. Unity in the community - Social gatherings allow members of a religion to share their faith and do things together promoting the spirit
of brotherhood and sisterhood.

5
PLACES WHERE WORLD RELIGIONS STARTED/ ORIGINATED

RELIGION WHERE IT STARTED/ PLACE OF

ORIGIN

Christianity Jerusalem – Israel

Judaism Israel

Islam Mecca – Saudi –Arabia

African Traditional Religion In Botswana Botswana

Hinduism India

Sikhism Punjab region – India

Buddhism Nepal – India

Jainism India

Baha’i Faith Iran

Zoroastrianism Iran

Shinto Japan

Confucianism China

Taoism China

NB. Draw the world map showing places where different religions originated.

6
THE IMPORTANCE OF PLACES OF ORIGIN TO FOLLOWERS

- They are places some of the founders were born, lived or died. For example Muhammad was born, lived and died in Mecca.

- They are important historical sites from which people can learn about their religion.

- They are sources of identity and pride for the followers of the religions.

- Followers believe these places have the power to heal the body and mind.

- Followers visit these places to strengthen their faith and get blessings.

- Followers believe that some of the places of origin were the first places created by the Supreme Beings.

- They are the spiritual centres or capitals of religions.

WAYS IN WHICH PEOPLE ARE EXPOSED TO WORLD RELIGIONS

- Interacting with other people from different religions at school and within the community.

- Travelling to and living in countries where people follow different religions.

- Learning about different religions in institutions such as schools, colleges and universities.

- Charitable works that different religions carryout in different communities.

- Watching televisions, listening to the radio, reading magazines and newspapers as well as books on religions.

- Taking part in religious ceremonies and festivals conducted by different religious institutions in their communities.

- Browsing the internet for information about world religions.

- Listening to other people who go around preaching and converting others to their religion.

7
DIMENSIONS OF RELIGION

Dimensions of Religion are features or elements that make up religion.

There are seven dimensions of religion namely;

1. Material
2. Social
3. Ethical
4. Doctrinal
5. Mythical
6. Ritual
7. Experiential

1. RITUAL DIMENSION

Ritual dimension involves the practices or step by step actions that are always done in the same order and way.

The ritual dimension of religion includes;

- Worship
- Praying
- Rites such as birth, puberty, marriage and death
- Regular gatherings of followers
- Receiving Holy Communion
- Sacrifices

EXAMPLES OF RITUALS IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

CHRISTIANITY

8
- Baptism – followers are baptised in water to show repentance in the Christian faith. Some churches baptise babies and children, others
baptise adults only.

- Worship – Most Christians worship on Sundays. The Church service includes; singing, reading of the Bible, prayer and preaching. It may
also include receiving of Holy Communion.

ISLAM

- Worship – Muslims pray five times a day. They fast during the month of Ramadan.

- Hajj – This is a journey that followers take to Mecca at least once in their lives.

AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION

- Sacrifice – It involves killing of an animal such as cow, goat to make the ancestors happy.

- Libations – Spilling of food or traditional beer on the ground believing that they are giving the ancestors.

HINDUISM

- Birth rites – writing of the Hindu sacred symbol AUM with honey on a newborn baby’s tongue.

- Puberty – The sacred thread ceremony for boys who have reached puberty.

SIKHISM

- Worship – Followers take off their shoes before entering the Gurdwara. They also share the Langar meal after every service.

- Marriage – The bride and groom walk in a clockwise direction around the Guru Granth sahib.

BUDDHISM

- Death rites – Monks chant verses to a person who is about to die and the body of the dead person is burnt.

9
- Meditation – Followers often meditate.

IMPORTANCE OF THE RITUAL DIMENSION

Rituals are important in a religion because they;

- Strengthen followers’ faith by reminding them what is important in their religion.

- Give each religion a unique identity.

- Emphasise the teachings and laws of the religion.

- Are expressions of the beliefs of the followers?

- Bring followers together and give them a religious identity.

2. MATERIAL DIMENSION

This is the physical features and objects of a religion. These includes: sacred marks such as mountains, rivers, trees and caves, buildings used as
places of worship, holy books and religious artefacts.

EXAMPLES OF MATERIAL IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

CHRISTIANITY

- Churches

- The Bible

- The cross and crucifix

HINDUISM

- The river Ganges

10
- The Mandir (Temple)

- The Vedas

- Statues of gods and goddesses

AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION

- Mountains, caves

- Shrines

- Whisk, drums

- Divining bones

- lonaka

IMPORTANCE OF MATERIAL DIMENSION

The material dimension is important because it;

- Teaches people about their religion.

- Strengthens the faith of followers.

- Gives followers identity through symbols and objects.

- Help explain certain things in the religion.

- Shapes people’s values and behavior

11
 3. SOCIAL DIMENSION

This is how religion provides care and support to the followers to meet their social needs.

EXAMPLES OF SOCIAL DIMENSION IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

CHRISTIANITY

- Christians come together to worship in churches.

- Celebrate special ceremonies and festivals such as Christmas and Easter together.

- Groups carry out charity work to help the poor, the sick and the needy in the society.

ISLAM

- A community of Muslims called Ummah meets in a Mosque to worship and celebrate special festivals such as Eid – ul – Fitr and Eid -ul –
Adha.

- Muslims have a duty to give to the poor and needy. This called is Zakat.

SIKHISM

- Khalsa is a group of Sikhs who have been initiated into the brotherhood and sisterhood of pure Sikhs. They meet in the Gurdwara during
worship where they share a special meal called the Langar after the service.

IMPORTANCE OF THE SOCIAL DIMENSION

The importance of social dimension includes:

- It brings people together to celebrate their faith.

- It gives followers a sense of belonging.

12
- It strengthens relationships among people.

- It gives followers sense of identity.

- Followers care and support each other in times of need.

4. ETHICAL DIMENSION

It involves codes of conduct about right and wrong behaviour. This includes laws on food, dress, marriage and interpersonal relationships.

EXAMPLES OF ETHICAL DIMENSION IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

ISLAM

- According to the Sharia Law Muslims are not supposed to eat pork and they eat halaal meat only.

- Gabbling, stealing and drinking of alcohol is not allowed.

AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION

- Taboos are rules of what followers should not do. For example, it is a taboo to eat your totem.

- Proverbs also teach people about right and wrong. For example, it is right to share no matter how little you have. ( Bana ba motho ba
kgaogana tlhogo ya ntsi)

CHRISTIANITY

- Christians are expected to follow the Ten Commandments. For example, honour your mother and father, do not kill, do not steal and adultery
is also not allowed.

- They also follow the teachings of Jesus when He said that they should love their neighbours as they love themselves and treat others as they
would like to be treated.

13
IMPORTANCE OF ETHICAL DIMESION

The ethical dimension is important because;

- It guides the followers on what to do and not to do.

- It promotes peace and harmony in society.

- It creates good relationships among people.

- It encourages good behaviour and discourages bad behaviour.

- It guides the followers’ relationship with the Supreme Being.

5. DOCTRINAL DIMENSION

This refers to the beliefs and teachings of a religion. These doctrines may be written in Holy Books or passed on from one person to another
by word of mouth.

EXAMPLES OF DOCTRINES IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

CHRISTIANITY

- Trinity – Christians believe God is in three ways, the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit

- They also belief and teach that there is life after death, when people die they either go to Heaven or Hell.

AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION

- They believe in ancestors – Followers pray to them that they can take their messages to God. (Modimo).

- They also believe in the oneness of God who is the creator of everything.

14
BAHAI FAITH

- They believe and teach that there is only one God.

- Baha’is believe that all people are equal before God.

ISLAM

- They believe that Allah is the only true God and Muhammad is the last prophet.

- They also believe in judgment and life after death. Followers believe that the dead will rise and all people will stand before Allah for
judgment. The good ones will go to paradise and the bad to hell.

IMPORTANCE OF DOCTRINAL DIMENSION

Doctrines are important because;

- They help people to know and understand their faith.

- They encourage people to remain strong in their faith.

- They help outsiders to understand the religion.

- They form the basis of the religion.

6. MYTHICAL DIMENSION

This involves the stories that try to explain things beyond human understanding. They explain why certain things are the way they.

15
EXAMPLES OF MYTHS IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

CHRISTIANITY

- God created the universe and everything in it, including the human beings in six days and rested on the seven day. The first people were
Adam and Eve.

AFRICAN TRADITIONAL RELIGION IN BOTSWANA

- God sent the chameleon to tell people that they will live forever and not die. Before the chameleon delivered the message, god sent the lizard
with a different message that people will die. The lizard arrived first and delivered the second message and when the chameleon arrived it
was too late.

SIKHISM

- In the beginning the earth had nothing and was formless. Waheguru the Supreme Being created human beings and all the creatures.

IMPORTANCE OF MYTHICAL DIMENSION

The mythical dimension of religion is important because the stories;

- Help explain why things are the way they are in the world.

- Guide people on how to behave and live happily.

- Explain the purpose of some religious rituals.

- Help people understand their religion.

- Inspire followers

- Explain how life and death began, and what happens after death

16
 7. EXPERIENTIAL DIMENSION

This involves the emotions that followers feel within themselves. These include; feelings of devotion, the presence or being one with god or
gods, visions, dreams, revelations and enlightenment.

EXAMPLES OF EXPERIENCES IN DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

CHRISTIANITY

- Some followers have strong feelings and claim to feel the presence of God. For example, Paul experienced the presence of God on his way to
Damascus (Acts 9:1-11) Afterwards he became an apostle and started preaching.

ISLAM

- Prophet Muhammad while praying on mount Hira, he saw a vision of angel Jibrail. The angel told him he was Allah’s messenger. He started
preaching telling people to worship one God who is Allah not idols.

SIKHISM

- Guru Nanak is said to have disappeared for three days while bathing in the river. When he came back, he told people that he stood before
God and that god sent him to preach about worshipping true God. After the experience, he started preaching to people.

BUDDHISM

- Siddhartha Gautama experienced enlightenment while meditating under the Bodhi tree. He said he understood the about suffering and how to
overcome it. After this experience, he preached to people and they followed him.

IMPORTANCE OF THE EXPERIENTIAL DIMENSION

The importance of experiential dimension includes;

- It helps people to know and understand their religion better.

17
- It can help an individual to improve his or her life.

- It can strengthen followers’ faith and beliefs.

- Followers can use their experiences to covert more people to their religion.

THE ROLE OF RELIGION ON THE SOCIETY

Religion and personal identity

Personal identity is the features or characteristics that make an individual unique or different from others. Examples of features that make an
individual unique include his or her physical appearance, names, interests, abilities, personal values, beliefs and character.

Religion is a source of personal identity. This means gives followers features or characteristics that are part of the individual’s identity.

HOW RELIGION PROVIDES PERSONAL IDENTITY

- The religion a person belongs is part of his or her personal identity. For example a person can identify himself or herself as a Christian, a
Muslim or a Hindu.

- Personal values are part of personal identity because every person has his or her own set of values. Religion influences the personal values of
individual followers.

 For example a Muslim’s personal identity includes values such as generosity and kindness. These values are based on zakat (giving to
the poor) one of the five of Islam.

 Christian values include honesty, kindness and respect these are based on the teachings of Jesus Christ and the Bible.

- The role an individual plays in his or her religion is part of his or her personal identity. For example

 In Christianity an individual may identify himself or herself as a pastor or priest.

 Buddhists as monks or nuns

18
  In African Traditional Religion some individuals can identify themselves as traditional doctors, healers and diviners.

 In Islam an individual can identify himself or herself as follows: Granthi, a Guru or a disciple.

HOW RELIGION PROVIDES SOCIAL IDENTITY

Social identity is when people identify themselves as members of a particular social group and behave according to the rules and expectations of
that group.

Below are some ways in which religion helps to create social identity:

- Followers identify themselves as a group and value being members of that religious group. For example groups of followers identify
themselves as Christians, Muslims or Buddhists.

- Some religions have dress code for followers. The dress code is unique to followers of the religion and identifies them as members of that
particular religion. For example Sikh men wear a turban. Muslim women wear clothes that cover the whole body except the face or eyes and
the hands.

- Different religions have different beliefs and teachings, ethical codes, rituals, ceremonies and festivals. These religious differences influence
how followers see themselves compared to followers of other religions. For example:

 Some religions have laws about food that followers should not eat e.g. Muslims eat halaal food. They are not supposed to eat pork.

 Jews should eat kosher food only.

 Hindus follow the laws of Manu

THE ROLE OF RELIGION ON THE CONCERNS OF THE SOCIETY

Societies today have many concerns; social, political and economic concerns about the way people live and behave.

Social concerns

19
Society has over period of time undergone many changes: some good and some bad. Some of the social problems and issues we face to today
are;

- declining moral standards,

- disregard for the environment,

- HIV/AIDS,

- Substance abuse,

- teenage pregnancy and abortion

- crime and vandalism

- Dysfunctional families

Political concerns

Some of the decisions the World’s politicians have made have been very disruptive to citizens creating a lot of problems in the society. They
have created poor government policies. They have also promoted wars based on dishonest accusations, and have allowed the abuse of human
Rights.

Economic concerns

Every country has a system of trade and industry. This system is called a country’s economy. Decisions made by the government concerning the
economy can affect citizens either positively or negatively. Many governments fail to empower their citizens economically. The gap between the
rich and the poor keeps getting wider. Some include;

- Unemployment and poverty

- Poor economic development

20
Examples of the concerns of the society include:

SOCIAL ECONOMIC POLITICAL

- Crime and vandalism - Unemployment and - Corruption

poverty
- Substance abuse - Abuse of Human Rights
- Over population
- HIV /AIDS - War
- Economic Development
- High rate of divorce and (gap between the rich and - Terrorism
co-habitation the poor)
- Disregard for the - Disregard for
environment environment
- Immoral behaviour - (Global warming,
Pollution)

POSITIVE ROLE OF RELIGION ON SOCIAL CONCERNS

- Religions teach moral values such as honesty, kindness and caring that help people to live peacefully together

- The codes of conduct encourage moral behaviour for example people are encouraged to abstain from sex until marriage. They should not
steal, lie, kill and should treat others with respect.

- One way of preventing the spread of HIV is by being faithful to one partner. Most religions allow their followers to marry only one wife or
husband.

21
- Religions offer counselling and support to people infected and affected with HIV/AIDS. Some give basic needs such as food, clothing and
love.

- Religion influences family values, principles and decisions which can help to prevent divorce illegitimate children, child abuse domestic
violence and abortion.

- Religious beliefs provide answers to crisis such as accidents, diseases, death and other struggles.

NEGATIVE ROLE OF RELIGION ON SOCIAL CONCERNS

- Some religious leaders are not good role models of moral values and codes of conduct of their religions. For example, they misuse church
funds, have illicit love affairs, abuse drugs and alcohol and are not kind towards others.

- Some religions do not allow their followers to use condoms. If a follower is HIV positive, his or her partner may also be infected.

- There are some religions which allow men to marry more than one wife. If one of his wives is HIV positive, they may all become infected
with the virus.

- Some religious groups do not allow divorce because marriage is a union blessed by God. As a result some people end up living in abusive
marriages.

POSITIVE ROLE OF RELIGION ON ECONOMIC CONCERNS

- Religions encourage the spirit of giving among people. People with money are encouraged to help the poor and the needy.

- Some religions have charity organisations whose main aim is to help the poor and needy.

- Some religions run schools that help educate young people so that they can get jobs in future.

- Some have organisations that employ people in the community, For example, nursery schools, orphanages and HIV /AIDS counselling
centres.

22
- Religious business leaders align their corporate values (trust, respect, hard work) to their religious principles. This greatly influences the
work culture, improving performance and boosting productivity.

- Some religions contribute to economic development by providing education and health services.

- Some religions allow followers to use any type of contraceptive to limit their family sizes this helps to avoid over population.

NEGATIVEROLE OF RELIGION ON ECONOMIC CONCERNS

- Some religions practice polygamy as a result, some families may have many children. These families can end up being poor because they do
not have enough money a large family.

- Some religions do not encourage people to work. These people dedicate their lives to God and only live through what they are given by
members of the society. This becomes a burden to society.

- Some religions do not contribute to the economic development of the wider community. For example they do not have charity organisations,
schools or medical services. The money followers contribute is spent on religious activities that benefit the religion only.

- Some religions discourage followers from using effective birth control methods such as contraceptive pills and condoms. This results in
families having many children leading to over population.

POSITIVE ROLE OF RELIGION ON POLITICAL CONCERNS

- Some religions speak out in support of the rights of people. Religions teach that people are created equal and encourage that everyone should
be treated fairly and with dignity.

- Some encourage their members to actively take part in politics.

- In many countries religious groups are consulted when important laws are to be passed such as when writing a new constitution for a
country.

- In some countries religion is a source of government authority and law, for example in Islamic countries like Iran, Iraq and Saudi Arabia.

23
- Most religions preach against war. For example Buddhism does not allow its followers to work as soldiers or in any war related business.

- Most religions condemn terrorism as wrong. They discourage their followers from using violence to achieve political goals.

NEGATIVEROLE OF RELIGION ON POLITICAL CONCERNS

- Some religions violate Human Rights. For example women are not treated equally to men. They are not allowed to preach or to become
leaders.

- Some religions feel it is not religious to take part in politics; they therefore discourage members to be actively involved in politics.

- Some religions fail to address issues of corruption because some powerful people in the religion are involved.

- Some religions accept the idea of just wars. These religions feel war is justified as long as they fight and defend their beliefs. As a result, lots
of lives have been lost in the name of religion.

- Some religious leaders encourage their followers to carry out terrorists act as a way of defending their religion.

24
 WORLD RELIGIONS IN BOTSWANA

There are many different world religions in Botswana. Most of these religions were brought to Botswana by missionaries and other settlers.
Some of the world religions found in Botswana are: Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Baha’i Faith, Buddhism and Sikhism.

THE ESTABLISHMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF WORLD RELIGIONS IN BOTSWANA

1. ISLAM
 Islam was brought to Botswana Muslim traders around 1882.
 The first Indian trader Bhana started trading in Moshupa and Molepolole and he settled in Moshupa.
 More Indian traders arrived in later years.
 Among them was a man called Banu who bought some shops from Bhana. He invited members of his extended family to come
and work for him.
 The presence of Muslim families in Moshupa and Molepolole led to the growth of Muslim communities in these areas.
 Other Muslim traders had settled in Ramotswa.
 Ramotswa became the centre where most Muslims met to carry out their religious activities(e.g. celebrate festivals such as Eid-ul-
Fitr and Eid-ul Adha)
 In 1967 an Islamic centre was built in Lobatse
 A mosque was built in Gaborone in 1980, and it became the cultural centre for all Muslims living in Botswana.
 Muslims now live in many villages and towns in Botswana. These include: Gaborone, Lobatse, Francistown, Selibe-Phikwe,
Maun, Mahalapye, Palapye, Mochudi, Molepolole, Moshupa, Thamaga, Kanye, Jwaneng and Serowe.

2. HINDUISM
 Hinduism was brought to Botswana by Hindu settlers from India around the 1890s.
 More Hindus came to Botswana after 1972, to trade and open businesses.
 When they settled in Botswana, they brought their religion with them and they met in their individual homes to hold prayer
services.
 In 1979 they formed and registered the Hindu society.

25
  The main aim of the society was to keep the Hindu tradition alive and enable the Hindus to carry out their religious activities.
 The society helped to build community halls in Gaborone, Francistown and Phikwe.
 Followers used to meet in these halls for prayer and services and other religious activities.
 They later built Hindu temples which are open to all people.
 Hindu followers are found in Gaborone, Phikwe, Francistown, Lobatse, Serowe, Palapye, Mahalapye, Kanye and Mochudi.

3. SIKHISM
 Sikhism was established in Botswana around 1974.
 It was brought by Sikh families who had come to settle in Botswana.
 The families used to meet in their homes for prayer services.
 In 1986, the Sikh council of Botswana was formed and registered.
 The aim of the council was to help the Sikhs to meet their religious needs and carry out their religious activities
 A Sikh temple (Gurdwara) was built in Gaborone in 1990.
 In Botswana, Sikhs are mostly found in Gaborone, Francistown, Phikwe, Lobatse, Mochudi and Molepolole.

4. BUDDHISM
 Buddhism was introduced in Botswana around 1974 by Buddhist families from India, Thailand, Germany, Italy and South Africa.
 These families came to trade and do business in Botswana.
 In 1990, they formed the Botswana Buddhist Society which was based on Buddhist principles and so that they could meet and
practise their religious activities.
 They also built a centre in Gaborone where they could meet for worship and meditation.
 They also met to celebrate their religious festivals.
 Buddhism is mostly found in Gaborone, Francistown, Lobatse and Kanye.

5. BAHAI FAITH
 A Canadian couple John and Audrey Robarts came to Botswana to introduce Baha’i Faith.
 Their primary goal was to bring the message of Bahaullah to Botswana.

26
  They settled in Mafikeng which was the capital of Bechuanaland by then, as their basis for teaching the faith.
 It was difficult for them to teach the blacks as it was during the era of apartheid.
 They managed to spread their religion when their black maid got sick and they took her to a black doctor.
 They took the opportunity to introduce the religion to Dr Molema, who later introduced the faith to a relative Mr Stanlake
Kukama.
 Mr Kukama was the first person to declare his beliefs and signed his acceptance card in Bechuanaland.
 The faith spread in Bechuanaland with the help of teachers from South Africa and other countries.
 Baha’i Faith is now widely distributed in Botswana and is found in more than 200 villages.
 Baha’i Centres are found in the following area: Gaborone, Tlokweng, Mahalapye, Palapye, and Francistown.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF WORLD RELIGIONS IN BOTSWANA

The followers of the different religions that have been discussed are mostly found in urban and semi-urban areas in Botswana. This is because:

 The area are densely populated and well developed

 The areas have tarred roads, electricity and running water
 They have industries where one can earn a living through employment opportunities that are available
 Transport is available in these areas as they are along the railway and main roads
 There are communication systems available e.g. telephones in these areas.
It is therefore clear that followers of these religions are found in urban areas while only a few are found in rural areas. However followers of
ATR in Botswana are found living throughout the country.

FACTORS THAT PROMOTED THE SPREAD OF WORLD RELIGIONS IN OTHER PARTS OF BOTSWANA

1. RELIGIOUS FREEDOM
In Botswana there is freedom of worship. People are free to practice their religion in any part of the country. The constitution of
Botswana says that every religious community may establish its own place of worship.
2. RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE

27
 Freedom of worship has helped people tolerate other people’s religions. Relations between different religions in Botswana are generally
good and members are friendly towards each other.
3. MIGRATION
There are people who have moved from their countries to Botswana for various reasons. These people brought their religion with them
which they started practicing and spreading around the country.

4. CONVERTING RELIGIONS
There is no law stopping religions from converting people to their religious faith in Botswana. Some world religions have been preaching
their doctrines to Batswana in order to convert them to their religions.
5. TRADE
When followers of the different religions established business in Botswana, they came with their families and as a result those families
practiced their religious beliefs as part of their daily lives. Some Batswana became interested and were converted to those religions and
they spread throughout the country.
6. LITERACY
Missionaries brought education to the people and built schools. As a result people were able to read and write and this influenced them to
join these religions. This helped these religions to become firmly established and spread in Botswana.

FACTORS THAT HINDERED THE SPREAD OF WORLD RELIGINS IN BOTSWANA

1. EXISTENCE OF CHRISTIANITY
Christianity was already established and practised in Botswana. Most of Batswana were already Christians and therefore did not join these
other religions.
2. NON CONVERTING RELIGIONS
Some religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism do not convert people; therefore people did not get to know the religions.
3. CULTURAL BARRIER
Cultural things such as language, certain food types and codes of conduct on dressing used by some followers of the world religions were
different from what Batswana were used to.
4. CULTURAL BELIEFS AND PRACTICES

28
 People were already used to their traditional culture and beliefs. The new religions brought their own culture and beliefs which people
found difficult to understand and follow.
5. LACK OF AMMENITIES
Some of the religions could not reach people living in the most remote areas of Botswana due to bad roads and shortage of electricity and
other services.
WAYS OF IDENTIFYING WORLD RELIGIONS IN BOTSWANA

World religions can be identified in the following ways;

 RELIGIOUS CLOTHING/DRESS CODE

Members of different religions can be identified through the clothing worn by the followers.
 PLACES OF WORSHIP
Most religions have buildings or places where they meet for worship e.g. churches, temples, mosques etc.
 HOLY BOOKS
Some religions can be identified by their holy books.
 RELIGIOUS OBJECTS AND SYMBOLS
Different religions can be identified by the different objects and symbols they use.
 CEREMONIES AND FESTIVALS
The various religions in Botswana can be identified through the ceremonies and festivals they perform.

ADVANTAGES OF KNOWING AND UNDERSTANDING WORLD RELIGIONS IN BOTSWANA

Knowing and understanding world religions is important because:

 It encourages respect for different religious beliefs and practices.

 Encourage tolerance of different religious beliefs which promotes peace in society.
 Make people aware of the teachings and beliefs of different religions which helps them to interact better having knowledge of other
religions.
 Prevent misunderstanding and misconceptions about the teachings and beliefs of different religions which can lead to discrimination
against minority religions.
29
  Creates unity and peaceful co-existence between people of different religions.
 Promotes equal treatment of people and the development of shared moral values.
WHY BATSWANA CONVERT TO WORLD RELIGIONS PRACTISED IN BOTSWANA

Since the establishment of world religions some Batswana converted to these religions and left their own traditional religion. Some of the
reasons why they converted are:

 The religions satisfied their spiritual hunger (spiritual needs).

 They have seen the good work that has been done by the religions.
 They have been married to people in those religions.
 They live next to the place of worship where services are held.
 They have experienced difficult situations e.g. sickness and they got help from the religions.
 It’s a personal decision made by an individual.
 They have been persuaded by their friends or relatives.

30
 RELIGIOUS FOUNDERS

Religious founders are people who started a religion. Community religious leaders can inherit leadership, be appointed, promoted, and elected by
members to become leaders or active participation in the religion.

FOUNDERS OF DIFFERENT RELIGIONS

RELIGION FOUNDER
Christianity Jesus Christ
Islam Prophet Muhammad
Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama
Sikhism Guru Nanak
Baha’i Faith Baha’u’llah
Judaism Abraham

The following guidelines should be used when discussing the life of any founder of a religion:-

 His birth ( where and when the founder was born)

 Who were the parents and their social status (if known)
 How he lived
 His teachings
 His death and burial.

THE LIFES OF DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS FOUNDERS

1. Jesus Christ

-His birth was proclaimed by the early prophets as the messiah

-He was conceived of the Holy Spirit by the Virgin Mary who was engaged to Joseph

31
-His father Joseph was a carpenter

-The angel of the Lord told Joseph to marry Mary and name the child Jesus.

-Jesus was born during the reign of King Herod. He felt threatened by Jesus’ birth and ordered his soldiers to kill all young boys who are aged
between zero to two years.

-Mary and Joseph escaped with Jesus to Egypt

-At the age of twelve years, Jesus and his parents went to Jerusalem for the Passover meal. Jesus remained behind when his parents left. Later
they found him talking to religious leaders in a temple.

-At the age of thirty he was baptized by John the Baptist.

-He then went into the wilderness to pray. He fasted for forty days and forty nights.

-At the end of the fast he started preaching. He encouraged people to change their immoral behavior.

-He healed the sick, cast out demons, raised people from the dead.

-He taught people to love one another, be kind and forgiving.

-he chose twelve disciples to help him spread the gospel.

-He was accused by the chief priest and the elders in Jerusalem that he is misleading people by his teachings and calling himself the messiah.

-He was arrested and brought before Pontius Pilate to sentence him.

-Pilate wanted to free Jesus for he did not found him guilty of anything but the people shouted that he should be crucified.

-He was nailed in the cross.

-He woke up from the dead after three days.

32
-He then lived for forty days and ascended to heaven.

2. PROPHET MUHAMMAD

-He was born in Mecca in 570 CE

-He was an orphan

-He could not read nor write

-His father died before he was born; his mother died when he was six years old; was looked after by his grandfather and later his uncle.

-He later worked as a trader

-He worked for a rich lady called Khadijah whom he later married

- He was not comfortable about immoral acts in Mecca and so went out to meditate at Mount Hira.

-He received visions from Angel Jibril

-He started preaching and many people disliked him for he was criticizing their way of life

-He fled to Medina ii 622CE, and was able to get a congregation

-He defeated Mecca in 630CE and built the Ka’ba dedicated to worship Allah

-He died in 632CE at the age of 62 and was succeeded by Abu Bakar

3. BAHA’ULLAH

-He was born in 12 November 1867 in Tehran, Persia.

-his father was a wealthy government minister

33
-He married Asiyih Khanum in 1835 and had three children, two sons and one daughter.

-He dedicated his life to charity work and was nick-named “Father of the Poor”

-He was a member of the Bab movement and in 1850 they were arrested and some of his colleagues sentenced to death. He escaped death and
was taken to the “Black Pit”

-He received revelations while in prison

-He was then released from the “Black Pit” after four months and taken to other prisons

-While in prison, he wrote 100 books. The Baha’i holy book Kitab-i-Aqdas, was one of them.

4. SIDDHARTA GAUTAMA

-He was born in Lumbini in 563 BCE

-He is the son of Raja Shuddhodana, who was the ruler of the Kingdom of Kapilavastsu.

-His mother was Queen Maya who died a week after his birth and was raised by his aunt

-His birth was prophesied as a great ruler, but if he sees suffering he will then become a great religious leader.

-He was restricted from going out of the house for fear of seeing suffering because his father wanted him to be great ruler

-He married Princess Yasodhara at the age of sixteen and had one son named Rahula.

-At the age of twenty-nine, he escaped from the palace and saw four things which changed his life forever. These were: - A sick person, an old
man, a dead person and a holy man.

34
FOUNDER KEY VISION LEADERSHIP EFFECTS CHALLENGES FACTORS THAT
ROLES ABOUT THE QUALITIES OF THE HELPED
SOCIETY NEW SURVIVAL OF
RELIGION RELIGION
Baha’u’llah -agent of -people who -humble and -tension -persecution of his followers -a clear succession
social change live in peace fair between -he was imprisoned in the “black pit” plan
-leader of his -justice and -charismatic Baha’u’llah -Most people were Muslims in the -his writings
clan peace prevails leader and his society -translation of
-united people brother -was once exiled Baha’u’llah and
-all religions -he bought a house to use as a centre Baha’s writings
become one of pilgrimage but was taken by the -successors spread
-no prejudice Muslim community and never the religion
and returned it
discrimination -His younger brother challenged him
-people’s that he is not the Promised one”
relationships
guided by
moral values
Jesus Christ -miracle -honored and -led by example -people’s -opposed by Jewish religious leaders --the teachings of
worker worshipped -committed attitudes were and political authorities Jesus Christ
-reformer only ONE true leader changed -Confusion of whether Jesus is the -The commitment of
God -people said Messiah Jesus Followers
-loved their converted to - Tempted by the devil -The fulfillment of

35
 neighbors Christianity -People rejected his teachings Jesus Christ’s
compassionate prophecy about his
and does not death
discriminate
-loved and
cared for each
other
-honest and not
selfish
-forgive others
-reformer -No idol -honest leader -introduced -people did not believe his teachings -The establishment
-prophet worship -compassionate worship of -opposed by people in Mecca of the caliphate
-political and -morally good -fair one God -Christianity and Judaism were -Military conquest
Prophet military -treat others -determined -Islam already established -Collection and
Muhammad leader equally and leader became a recordings of
fairly political prophet
- power Muhammad’s
compassionate teachings
and honest
-prophet -people who -good planner -women had -existence of Islam and Hinduism -clear succession
-social understand that -committed the same -society based on caste system plan
reformer God is leader status as men -people rejected his teachings -the writings of the
everywhere - -was arrested and made to work as Gurus
Guru Nanak and could be slave -establishment of the
worshipped -spent 25 years preaching and preaching missions
anywhere neglected his family -the construction of
-religious temples
tolerance -Sikhs were
- prepared to fight for
compassionate their religion
people
-no

36
 discrimination
-people who
are morally
good
-enlightened -focused leader -established -the existence of Hinduism -the Sangha
-role model people -led by example the sangha -the existence of the caste system community spread
-social -people who -built -nearly died of starvation during the the religion
reformer understand the monasteries fast -written records of
Four Noble -left his wife and new child to search his teachings
Siddhartha Truths for truth -positive effects of
Gautama -people who Buddha’s teachings
follow the -The Emperor’s
Eightfold Path conversion
-peace and
harmony
prevails
-equal
treatment of all
-respect for all
-
compassionate
-no harming of
others
-agent of -courageous -worship of -idol worship -Abraham’s lineage
social change and fair idols declined -his wife was barren continued his
-leader of his -humble -circumcision -ill-treatment of strangers teachings
Abraham clan of boys -loyalty to the
started covenant
-religious leaders
continued his
teachings

37
RELIGIOUS SYMBOLS

WHAT IS A SYMBOL?

A symbol is a picture, sound, written word, image or object that represents or expresses an idea.

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR SYMBOLS

Areligious symbol is a picture, sound, written word, image or object that represent or expresses an idea of a religion whereas a secular symbol is
a picture, sound, written word, image or object that represents or expresses a non-religious idea.

RELIGION SYMBOL ORIGIN MEANING USE

CHRISTIANITY HOLY CROSS -Jesus Christ It is used for protection and healing.
was crucified Crucifix- A cross with the -It helps Christians to focus during prayer
on the cross figure of Jesus Christ on it, and meditation.
and - symbolizes the crucifixion of -Some Christians use it for identification.
crucifixion Jesus Christ and the sacrifices - They have it embroidered on the attire or
was a method he made for the salvation of wear it as pendants on chains, necklaces and
of death people. rosaries
penalty.
FISH The fish was . It symbolizes Jesus as a fisher It was used for identification.
used by early man. E.g. when two people met and one was not
Christians as - It also symbolizes baptism sure if the other person was a Christian,
a symbol to since fish live in water. he/she would draw a curved line on the
identify each ground. If the other person was a Christian,
other during h/she would draw another curved line to
the time complete the drawing and form an outline of
when they a fish.
were being - It can also be used as stickers on cars and
persecuted by decorations on clothes.
the Roman
government

38
ISLAM The crescent moon Starts were - It shows Allah’s -It is used as an emblem on the flag of most
and star used to guide unchanging purpose in Islamic countries.
people in the guiding those who submit - Used to identify Islamic buildings e.g.
desert while to him. Mosques.
the moon - Guide Muslims to the right
shone way of life.
enabling
them to see at
night while
travelling e.g.
Prophet
Muhammad.
Shahadah This is the - It represents Muslims -Muslims recite it everyday
declaration of acceptance thatAllah is -A dying person says it before death, if one
faith. It is onetrue God and is unable to say it thensomeonesays it on
extracted Muhammad is his prophet. his/her behalf.
from
Muhammad’s
teachings that
there is no
other God but
Allah and
Muhammad
is his prophet
HINDUISM AUM The sound -It was the first sound Brahman - It is uttered at the beginning of Hindu
Aum was created and represents ideas in prayers or mantras and during meditation to
heard at the threes e.g. the three main gods help Hindus focus.
beginning of ( Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva) - It can be worn as a pendant for necklaces,
creation for decoration and protection.
- It is written on posters that decorate Hindu
shrines and temples.
- It can be used in tattoos and body arts.

39
 The lotus flower It is traced - It shows that the souls of - It is used as a decorative symbol on
back to the human beings can rise and Hindu temples.
time of blossom like a lotus flower - It helps Hindus to focus during prayers
creation to a point of enlightenment. and meditation.
where it grew - It is a symbol of creation. - Can be used as a vegetable
out of - It represents purity and - Its stems can be dried and used as
Vishnu’s cleanliness. scented herbal tree.
navel and - It symbolises the
was used to awakening of the
create the rest spirituality of life.
of the - It represents the struggle of
universe life in its most basic form.
SWASTIKA It is traced -It indicates that Brahman has -It is a common feature during the festival of
back to the no beginning or end like the Diwali
times when shape of the Swastika. - It is used in Hindu homes as an ornament
people built - Represents the unchanging, or decoration.
their all directional and endless - Can be used for identification purposes e.g.
buildings in nature of the Supreme Spirit on Temples, altars, pictures etc.
the shape of -Represents good luck, good
the Swastika fortune or well being
for security
reasons
BAHAI FAITH The Nine Pointed Nine is the - It signifies God’s glory and - It is used for identification of Bahai
Star highest single honoured that he should be centres and Temples.
digit number adored. - It is used as a banner on the front of
and the - It shows that God guides Bahai Temples and houses of worship.
Arabic letters people to the right way of - Baha’is also engrave it on their
for Baha living. tombstones.
(glory) add - It symbolises completeness - Baha’i Temples are shaped like the nine
up to nine. and perfection pointed star.
Nine years
after the

40
 Baha
announced
the coming of
a chosen
messenger
Bahaullah
had the
revelation
that he was
the chosen
one while in
prison.
The Greatest Name Bahai’s - Baha means ‘light or glory’ - It is engraved on jewellery and
believed that it refers to Bahaulla tombstones.
the greatest because he was a supreme - It is also put on Baha’is homes and
name was being revealed by God. places where there are Baha’i activities.
unknown - It represents God as the
until Bab creator, comforter and
revealed it. protector.
The ring stone It was - The upper line represents -Can be engraved on personal rings
designed by the world of God, the
Abdul Baha, creator.
Bahaullah’ss - The middle line represents
on the world of prophets or
God’s manifestation.
- The bottom line represents
the world of man.
- The vertical line represents
the divine messengers
FROM God.
- The twin stars represent the
Bab and Bahaullah’s

41
 messenger from God
BUDDHISM Eight-spoked Early The wheel represents the It can be used for identification. For
wheel Buddhists continuous cycle of birth, life, example, it can be an emblem/decoration
represented death and re-birth. The eight and can be put on Buddhist Temples.
the Buddha’s spokes represent the Noble
teachings Eightfold Path Buddhists It is worn as a pendant for necklaces
with a should follow to reach
symbol of an enlightenment
eight-spoked
wheel

The lotus flower Followers - White lotus represents - Most parts of the lotus are eaten
believe that spiritual perfection and mental - Boiled dried seeds of the lotus ins syrup
Buddha could purity. make sweets
- The lotus can be cut thinly and boiled with
walk when he
-Pink lotus represents the great pork to make a nice soup.
was born. He - Drink can be made from the roots of the
took seven Buddha
lotus
steps and - Red lotus represent the - Larger leaves are used to steam food.
lotus flowers original natural and purity of - Different medicines can be made from the
opened up petals and stems of the lotus.
heart. It represents love.
where he
stepped to - Blue lotus represents victory
support his of the spirit over the senses and
soft feet. the wisdom or knowledge that
people should have.

The Bodhi tree The Buddha The Bodhi tree is a symbol of : The Bodhi tree is grown in Buddhi temples.
reached - Buddha’s presence Pilgrims often visit Bodhi trees around
enlightenmen

42
 t while sitting - Wisdom and peace Nepal.
under a big
fig tree in a
place called
Bodh Gaya in
India.
Followers
call this type
of tree the
Bodhi tree.

SIKHISM The Khanda Crest The Khanda The circle represents the unity - Used for steering the amrit used during the
Crest consists of mankind and the oneness of Khalsa initiation ceremony.
of four God.
weapons used - Used for identification, e.g. flags, Nishan
by Sikhs God has no beginning and no Sahib, embroidered on cloths that cover the
during the end. platform on which the Guru Granth Sahib is
time of Guru put.
It symbolizes the Khalsa and
Gorbind readiness to defend the
Singh to religion.
defend
themselves The double edged sword in the
and their center represents the two kinds
religion. of powers that influence a
person; the secular and the
spiritual.

The two curving swords called

kirpans, remind Sikhs that they

43
 should be prepared to defend
their religion.

The Ek Onkar It is based on it symbolizes the oneness of Identification, e.g. It is engraved in the walls
the Sikh God of the Gurdwara.
belief in one
God which Decorates the beginning of the Holy book,
was the Guru Granth Sahib.
emphasized
by Guru
Nanak and he
inscribed it to
show how he
adored God
The Nishan Sahib Sikhs believe The Khanda Crest on the flag The Nishan Sahib identifies the location of a
that the flag represents the beliefs and Gurdwara.
was brought values of the Sikh faith.
from the
kingdom of
God by Guru
Nanak

44
CHRISTIANITY IN BOTSWANA

WHY THE EARLY MISSIONARIESDECIDED TO SPREAD CHRISTIANITY IN BOTSWANA

1. They believed that through spreading Christianity in Botswana, Batswana will be saved.

2. They believed that as it is indicated in their holy book in Mathew 28:19 they should share the believes of their religion with others.

3. They thought Africans were uncivilized and without religion and converting them was a way of introducing a religion.

MISSIONERIES VIEWS/ PERCEPTIONS ABOUT AFRICANS AND THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF RELIGION

1. Missionaries saw Africans as inferior and they felt their culture was better that the African culture.

2. They saw Africans as heathens who had no belief in God.

3. They saw African customs as uncivilized and evil. For example, they referred to traditional doctors as witchdoctors.

THE STRATEGIES MISSIONARIES USED TO SPREAD CHRISTIANITY IN BOTSWANA

1. They created good relationships with Chiefs e.g. they became advisors to some Dikgosi.

- David Livingston converted Kgosi Sechele of Bakwena

2. They trained Batswana evangelists who helped them in spreading the word of God.

3. They built schools where Batswana were introduced to western education e.g. (Moeding College)

4. They built health facilities which converted Batswana to use western medicines.

5. They built Churches in major villages like Mochudi

6. They translated the Bible into Setswana which became easy for Batswana to understand the religion.

45
THE ROLE OF MEDIA IN SPREADING CHRISTIANITY IN BOTSWANA

1. There are radio programmes and television programmes broadcasted about Christianity e.g. Melodi ya kgalaletso (BTV) and O rudisa
moya wame (Radio Botswana)
2. There are video cassettes, D.V.Ds and C.Ds sold containing Christian sermons and music etc.
3. Advertisements are always made informing people about Christian meetings, crusades, testimonies etc.
4. Pamphlets, fliers, book such as the Bible teach people about this religion.

REASON WHY BATSWANA ACCEPTED CHRISTIANITY

1. The missionaries started by converting Batswana chiefs and it were easier for Batswana to follow since they had trust and respect in their
chiefs.
2. They provided Batswana with schools and hospitals and these attracted Batswana to the religion.
3. They translated the Bible in Setswana which was easily understood.
4. Christianity has some similarities with traditional religion (Believing in God) hence making them tolerant towards it.
5. They supported Batswana against their enemies and Batswana accepted their religion in return.

REASONS FOR EXPANSION AND DOMINANCE OF CHRISTIANITY IN BOTSWANA

Some of the reasons why Christianity expanded and is dominant in Botswana are:

1. Unlike other world religions, Christianity persuade new members to join the religion (converting religion)
2. Christianity was introduced to Botswana before other religions and converted many Batswana.
3. The British were by then ruling Batswana and therefore assisted the missionaries in converting Batswana to Christianity.

WAYS IN WHICH CHRISTIANITY INFLUENCED THE LIFESTYLES OF BATSWANA

Christianity influenced Batswana both socially, politically and economically

46
SOCIAL INFLUENCE

These are the influences that are seen in our communities and have been brought by Christianity:

They are:

1. Dikgosi no longer lead their people in traditional religious rituals ceremonies

2. New Christian laws have banned (stopped) customs since they are seen as immoral and unchristian
For example, bogadi, bogwera and bojale, also polygamy have been stopped

POLITICAL INFLUENCE
There are influences that concern the leadership or governance on the country.
These include:

1. Batswana are following a Christian calendar and are observing all the Christian holidays as public holidays
2. Batswana observe the Christian Sabbath day and most of them worship on that day.
3. Many government meetings and celebrations are started with a Christian prayer.
4. The religious Education syllabus in schools stresses on the teaching of Christianity

ECONOMIC INFLUENCE

1. Batswana were taught new skills when the missionaries introduced the religion and were able to get new jobs.
2. Batswana were also taught how to use ploughs other than hoes and were able to cultivate larger fields hence producing more crops.
3. The building of schools for Batswana by the missionaries made it possible for Batswana to read, write and get paid jobs.
4. Christians helped the poor, needy and orphaned children with basic needs
5. The tithes (10% of their earning) were used to run church activities and to take care of the under privileged Batswana

47
CHRISTIAN DENOMINATIONS IN BOTSWANA
There are three main Christian denominations in Botswana.
These are:

Mainline churches
Pentecostal churches
African independent churches (A.L.C.S)

MAINLINE CHURCHES

These include: Anglican Church

Dutch Reformed Church
Lutheran Church
Seventh Day Adventist (S.D.A)
United Congregation Church of Southern Africa
Roman Catholic Church

THE CHARACTERISTICS/ FEATURES OF THE MAINLINE CHURCHES

1. They were introduced by the missionaries and are still part of the original or parent churches that established them in Botswana
2. The structure of the church is determined by the parent church as far as leadership positions are concerned.
3. Mainline churches provide social facilities such as schools, hospitals etc.
4. They have printed (books) where they read and recite their prayers.

PENTECOSTAL CHURCHES

These includes: African Evangelical

Apostolic Faith Mission

48
 Assemblies of God
Bible Life Ministries
Deeper Life Ministries
Holiness Union Church of Botswana
Pentecostal Holiness Church in Botswana
Family of God

THE CHARACTERISTICS/ FEATURES OF THE PENTECOSTAL CHURCHES

- They are based on a story in the Bible (Acts 2:1-21

- Worship often involves followers speaking in “tongues”
- Followers usually pray aloud
- There is usually an altar call where the Pastor prays for followers before the service ends

THE AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CHURCHES

These includes: Bethlehem City of Christ Zion
Church of God Christ
Spiritual healing Church
Zion Christian Church
Nazareth Church in Botswana
THE CHARACTERISTICS/ FEATURES OF THE AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CHURCHES

1. They are founded in Africa by the Africans

2. They are self-financing (raise funds for themselves) and are self-governing (have no external governors)
3. Their believes, worship and practices includes aspects of the African traditional Religion and Christianity
4. Both men and women can get leadership positions in the churches
5. They believe prayer can heal the sick

49
WHY ARE THERE SO MANY CHRISTIAN DENOMINATIONS IN BOTSWANA

1. Christianity was the first religion to be introduced and many people converted to it.
2. The constitution of Botswana gives people freedom of worship as long as they meet the requirements of registering a church
3. Some Batswana returning from South Africa brought along the African independent churches
4. People who broke away from the mainline churches formed the African independent churches

THE IMPACT (EFFECTS) OF THE EXISTENCE OF MANY CHRISTIAN DENOMINATIONS IN BOTSWANA

1. People are free to choose from many denominations

2. Churches needs to work very hard so that they can convert many people

3. Some denominations perform rituals in open spaces and this causes soil erosion

4. The land which could be used for developments is being used to build many places of worship

5. Many denominations help in the formation of the church council that runs the welfare of the different denominations

6. Too many denominations can also cause the imbalance of the membership of different Denominations. Some denominations have many
people while others have fewer people

7. These many denominations have led to intolerance within the Christian religion. Some denominations feel they are much better than other
and this leads to conflicts

WAYS IN WHICH CHRISTIAN DENOMINATIONS ACTEDAS AGENTS OF CHANGE IN BOTSWANA SOCIETY

1. After the introduction of the Christian religion, many Batswana left their traditional religion and became Christians

2. The missionaries condemned the African culture and made Batswana to adopt the western culture. For, example, they made Batswana to
abandon initiation schools.

3. The missionaries also introduced the western education where Batswana were taught how to read and write.
50
4. Missionaries built clinics and Batswana use them instead of going to traditional doctors

6. Christianity also hasorganizations such as BOCAIP that encourages Batswana to change their behavior in the fight against HIV/ AIDS

51
AFRICAN INDEPENDENT CHURCHES (AIC’s)

Why do we have a lot of AIC’s Southern Africa?

1. The Africans started these African Independent Churches in order to include their culture which was rejected by the missionaries

2. They formed (AIC’s) in order to adapt both the African culture such as healing and Christian beliefs

3. They broke away from mainline churches. They felt this will encourage and promote their spiritual gifts such as faith healing and
prophesying.

4. Africans formed their churches which allow them to be leaders since the missionaries discriminated them from leadership

5. Some AIC’s began because leaders did not want to be controlledbychurch parent bodies

6. Some were formed because of the conflicts between leaders in the church over administrative matters

7. Some were formed because members did not agree over who will take over after the leader dies

8. Some were formed because of the misunderstanding of how the church funds/ money is used

9. Some were formed because people wanted to exercise their right to freedom of worship

THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AIC’s

 They were founded in Africa by African men and women

 They are led by founders of the churches
 They mix both African Traditional religion and Christian features
 Theybaptize through total immersion in water
 They have women in leadership positions
 Followers remove their shoes when entering the places of worship

52
THE CHRISTIAN AND A.T.R. traits in the A.I.C’s

A trait is a characteristic that is shown through behavior

The traits of Christianity and A.T.R are;

Christians traits in AIC’s ATR traits in AIC’s

The belief in the doctrine of trinity The use of traditional doctors and medicine for healing and divination

God the father, the son and the Holy Spirit as one God The use of water for healing and traditional medicine such as sewacho.
(Sewacho is ash made from certain tree barks burnt together with
newspapers).

The belief Jesus Christ is the son of God and saviour of people -Some followers of ATR practice polygamy

Faith healing: Jesus Christ is seen as the healer. Following the Observing farming rites such as the blessing of the seeds before
example of Jesus Christ planting and harvest rituals.

The belief in the Holy Spirit - The performing of birth, puberty, marriage and death rites

The people are baptized with water In the name of the father, son and The belief in ancestral spirit
The holy spirit

CHALLENGES FACED BY THE AICs

1. They are situation in poor rural areas therefore do not attract interest of the rich and educated people

2. They compete with other modern churches for members and do not attract a lot of people because of their mature

3. People normally join the modern churches in order to get modern medicines other than the A.I.Cs for faith healing

53
4. Some A.I.C’s leaders portray immoral behavior such as greed, dishonest and these makes people to fell that AICs are not genuine.

5. Some of the AIC’s are not well organized and have no proper leadership structures and this can easily make the church to break if the leader
dies

6. Some of the AIC’s still put more focus on the Old Testament and still practice some such as polygamy and wife inheritance which can spread
the HIV/ AIDS

THE ROLES PRAYED BY WOMEN IN THE AFRICAN ENDEPENDENT CHURCHES (AICs)

1. Some of the churches are fond by women e.g. St Apostolic faith church was started by Christian
2. Some women are pastors, bishop’s
3. Some women lead prayers during funerals and can even help with burial proceedings
4. Women can also settle disputes in the church
5. Some women are healers
6. Some can prophesy and advice people accordingly

WHY BOTSWANA CONVERT TO THE AIC’s

In order to get the healing services provided

The AICs combine the Setswana culture together with the Christian teaching and beliefs. Therefore it does force them to forget their culture

The AICs also allow women to become leaders and this attract a lot of women

Some people join AICs because of marriage

Some join the AICs because it is their personal choice

54