CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION through punishment of criminal

offenders.
Prepared and Compiled by: Honey Angelu M.
 The term is derived from the Latin word
Mirafuentes, RCrim
"POENA" which means pain or suffering
Correctional - the supervision of persons and "POENALIS" which means
arrested for, convicted of, or sentenced for punishment. Penology is otherwise
criminal offenses to rectify (correct) their known as Penal Science. It is actually a
behavior. division of criminology that deals with
prison management and the treatment
Administration – the act of performance of of offenders, and concerned itself with
supervision and management. the philosophy and practice of society
Corrections is the fourth component of the in its effort to repress criminal activities.
criminal justice system. It is the branch of  Penology has stood in the past and, for
administration of criminal justice charged with the most part, still stands for the policy
the responsibility for the custody, supervision of inflicting punishment on the
and rehabilitation of convicted offenders. It also offender as a consequence of his
deals with punishment, treatment and wrongdoing.
incarceration of offenders.
THREE DIVISIONS OF CRIMINOLOGY
Note: the correction pillar will only enter the (S-E-P)
criminal justice system if the judgment of the
accused is conviction 1. SOCIOLOGY OF LAW – deals with
Penology - branch of criminology understanding the nature of
criminal law and its procedure of
corrections - pillar of CJS administration
2. ETIOLOGY OF CRIMES/ CRIMINAL
Corrections vs Penology
ETIOLOGY – concerned with
Corrections – that branch of administration of determining causes and factors of
criminal justice charged with the responsibility crime occurrence
for the custody, supervision and rehabilitation 3. PENOLOGY / PENAL SCIENCE –
of convicted offenders. deals with management and
administration of inmates.
Penology - a branch of criminology which deals
PENAL MANAGEMENT - Refers to the
with the treatment, management and
manner or practice of managing or
administration of inmates (PDL)
controlling places of confinement as in
poena - pain or suffering jails or prisons.

poenalis - punishment CORRECTION

logia - study of  A branch of the Criminal Justice System
concerned with the custody,
PENOLOGY supervision and rehabilitation of
 The study of punishment for crime or of criminal offenders.
criminal offenders. It includes the study  It is that field of criminal justice
of control and prevention of crime administration which utilizes the body
 of knowledge and practices of the CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION - The study
government and the society in general and practice of a systematic management of
involving the processes of handling jails or prisons and other institutions concerned
individuals who have been convicted of with the custody, treatment, and rehabilitation
offenses for purposes of crime of criminal offenders.
prevention and control.
INSTITUTIONAL NON-INSTITUTIONAL
 It is the study of jail/prison
CORRECTIONS CORRECTIONS
management and administration as well
The reformation and The reformation and
as the rehabilitation and reformation of
rehabilitation of rehabilitation of
criminals. criminal offenders criminal offenders
 It is a generic term that includes all are held INSIDE a are provided in the
government agencies, facilities, correctional community/
programs, procedures, personnel, and institution or penal OUTSIDE a
techniques concerned with the establishment. correctional
investigation, intake, custody, institution
confinement, supervision, or treatment BJMP, DSWD, BuCor, Parole, Probation,
of alleged offenders. Jails and Prisons and Executive
Clemencies
Institutional vs Non-Institutional
PENOLOGY VS CORRECTIONS
Institutional – refer to the institutionalized form
PENOLOGY CORRECTIONS of rehabilitation, such as prisons and jails
1. Study of 2. Application
punishment of penalty  Offenders will be treated, rehabilitated
3. Division of 4. Branch of the inside the correctional facility
criminology Philippine (BJMP/BuCor)
Criminal
Justice Non-institutional – also called as "community-
System based corrections" refer to the alternative
5. study of 6. concerned forms of corrections done outside of the
punishment with the institutions for corrections
for crime or custody,
 service of sentence in the community,
of criminal supervision
offenders and outside of correctional facility
rehabilitation  Time When Corrections enter into the
of criminal picture in the administration of CJS
offenders.  correctional institutions enter into the
picture, as a rule, when the conviction
of the accused has become final and
CORRECTION AS A PROCESS - Refers to the
executory.
reorientation of the criminal offender to
 That is, when the judicial process has
prevent him or her from repeating his deviant
been completed and the court issues
or delinquent actions without the necessity of
MITTIMUS ORDER for the enforcement
taking punitive actions but rather the
of its decision.
introduction of individual measures of
 Although, Correctional Institutions, Jails
reformation.
in particular, may receive an accused
 for custody or detention only, in which General Deterrence - applies to other potential
case the court issues a COMMITMENT offenders/Felon (would-be offender/ society)
ORDER
 people deter from committing crime
Mittimus Order – a warrant issued by the court simply from observing the punishment
bearing its seal and the signature of the judge  given to someone who has been
directing the jail or prison authorities to receive punished for a certain crime the first
the convicted offender for service time
 deters public from committing crime3.
of sentence.
3.Isolation - convicted offenders are separated
 Offender is convicted
from society to prevent them from committing
Commitment Order – a written order of a court another crime
or authority consigning a person to jail or prison
 at the same time, imprisonment
for detention.
protects law-abiding citizens from the
 Accused is not convicted. Only jailed for harm criminals may inflict on them
detention.
4. Reformation - this involves the use of
 Applicable to those who cannot post
punitive and disciplinary measures such as
bail
solitary confinement to modify or reform
Purposes/Objectives of Modern criminal behavior whose conduct and
deportment is not totally responding to
Corrections rehabilitation programs
1. Retribution - imprisonment is supposed to be 5. Rehabilitation - based on the premise that
the payment of the offender to the victim or the through correctional intervention, such as
victim's family for the crime he committed educational and vocational training and
against him or them psychotherapeutic programs, an offender may
2. Deterrence - imprisonment is supposed to be changed.
discourage convicted offenders from 6. Reintegration - the effort of correction to
committing crimes again because of their change criminal behavior should result in a
experience in the prison or jail situation and ability on the part of the penitent
 at the same time, imprisonment is offender to return to society in some productive
supposed to discourage and meaningful capacity in a free community

Forms of Deterrence Justification for Penalties

Specific Deterrence - applies to the individual 1. Prevention - the state punishes the criminal
who committed an offense to prevent or suppress the danger to the State
and to the public arising from the criminal acts
 applied to someone who already of the offender
committed an offense/ unlawful act.
 someone who has been 2. Self Defense - the State punishes the criminal
punished/penalized as a measure of self-defense to protect society
 punishment has an impact to the from the threat and wrong inflicted by the
specific offender criminal
3. Reformation - the State punishes the criminal 4. Personal - penalty must be imposed only to
to help him be reformed or be rehabilitated. the person who actually committed the crime
with no substitutes (i.e. A cannot answer for Bs
4. Exemplarity - the State punishes the criminal
crime)
to serve as an example to others and discourage
others from committing crimes (general 5. Equal - penalty must be applied to all who
deterrence) committed the offense

5. Justice - the State punishes the criminal as an HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON CORRECTIONS

act of retributive justice, a vindication of
13TH CENTURY-SECURING SANCTUARY
absolute right and moral law violated by the
criminal  In the 13th Century, a criminal could
avoid punishment by claiming refuge in
Juridical Conditions of Penalty
a church for a period of 40 days at the
1. Judicial and Legal - penalty must be imposed end of which time, he has compelled to
by the proper authority and by virtue of a leave the realm by a road or path
judgment as prescribed by law assigned to him.

 Bill of Attainder – a legislative act which BENEFIT OF THE CLERGY – the 13th Century, a
inflicts punishment without trial. Its compromise between the church and the king,
essence is the substitution of a wherein any member of the clergy brought to
legislative act for a judicial trial in the king's court shall be claimed from the
determination of guilt. jurisdiction by the bishop or chaplain
 Ex Post Facto Law – an act which when representing him and placed under the
committed was not a crime and cannot authority ecclesiastical court.
be made so by statute without violating
 Members of the clergy takes penitent
the constitutional inhibitions
criminals into custody
(prospectivity) as to ex post facto law.
- To put it simply, the law cannot It was provided for the clergies in Europe during
criminalize an act done before passing the 12th Century by giving them exemption for
of the law and which was innocent criminal punishment
when done (not yet criminalized)
- only the court that is mandated to give 1468 (ENGLAND) - Torture as a form of
judgment based on the punishment became prevalent.

prescribed law TYPES OF HEINOUS/INHUMANE PUNISHMENT

2. Definite - penalty must be specific and exact 1. STONING TO DEATH / LAPIDATION – it

is a form of execution wherein the
Ex. RP (20 y & 1 d to 40 y) condemned person is pelted with
stones.
3. Commensurate - penalty must be
2. CRUCIFIXION – a person convicted to
proportional to the gravity or seriousness of the
death was nailed on the cross with both
crime committed
hands and feet to add ignominy (more
- light, grave, less grave shame or disgrace) to his agony and
humiliation. He was crowned with the
specter of spines of vines in his head.
 Then the Roman pears were thrusts to proposed that all executions must be
his flesh body and died of asphyxiation. uniform and painless.
 The crucifixion of Christ. 7. BEHEADING – medieval form of
3. BURNING AT STAKE – a form of execution it is the action or an act of
execution wherein the convict is tied in cutting off a person's head, especially as
pole and then set on fire alive. a form of execution. This is usually
4. PILLORY – Bouvier's dictionary defines ordered by a King and intended for
pillory as a wooden machine, in which Royals or those who belong to
the neck of the doomed culprit is prominent families.
inserted thereof and usually executed in 8. DECAPITATION - the total separation of
public as a means of punishing the head from the body. This is usually
offenders in Europe and Colonial intended for laymen and for ordinary
America. individuals who committed a crime
 Pillory is a wooden frame with three (3) against the state.
curved holes in it (two for the left and 9. GAS CHAMBER – Invented after World
right wrists and the middle curved hole War I by a medical Corp's Officer of the
is for the neck) and mounted on the US Army as an alternative to electric
post upon a platform. The condemned chair. In medical term, the convict will
man is left to die at the mercy of die from HYPOXIA which means death
unfriendly weather. Other similar form due to the cutting-off of oxygen in the
with holes for the offender's feet is brain.
called a STOCK.  This was used by the Hitler
5. FLAGELLATION – an X-designed log was administration during the Jewish
cross-joined and declined at 65 degrees genocide.
backward. The hooded doomed-man 4. IMPALEMENT – (IMPALING) a form
was tied on the cross-x with both hands of capital punishment, is the
spread upward while the feet were penetration of an organism by an
spread apart. The con-man is bear object such as a stake, pole, spear
naked except in the skimpy short pants. or hook, by complete (or partial)
 The whipping rod is made of stripped perforation of the body, often the
hard leather with brass button in laid central body mass. Killing by
across and embedded at the tips. At the piercing the body with a spear or
given signal, six men will whip 30 lashes sharp pole.
each alternately and will continue,
16TH CENTURY – transportation of criminals in
except upon the intercession of the
England, was authorized. At the end of the 16th
victim or the State. This intervention of
C, Russia and other European Countries
the aggrieved party to stop is
followed this system. It partially relieved
tantamount to pardon and the man
overcrowding of prisons. Transportation was
shall be released to freedom.
abandoned in 1835.
6. GUILLOTINE – a device for cutting-off
people's head developed in 1972 by Dr.
Joseph Ignacio Guillotin, a member of
the French National Assembly, he
PIRACY ACT OF 1717 - was an act of the Revolution. It was the most feared prison during
parliament of Great Britain that established a 7 Joseph Stalin on 1934 to 1947.
years’ penal transportation to North America as
 Concentration camp/ correctional
a possible punishment for those convicted of
facility
lesser felonies
PENOLOGICAL THEORIES
17TH C TO LATE 18TH C - Death Penalty became
prevalent as a form of punishment. The first attempt to explain crime was
made by the Athenian philosopher,
GAOLS – (Jails) pretrial detention facilities
Aristotle. In his book "Nicomachean
operated by English Sheriff.
Ethics", he discusses corrective justice, thus
GALLEYS – long, low, narrow, single decked "punishment is a means of restoring the
ships propelled by sails, usually rowed by balance between pleasure and pain".
criminals. A type of ship used for transportation
 His book explains the characteristics of
of criminals in the 16th century.
a virtuous person and suggests that
HULKS – decrepit transport, former warships individuals can develop moral character
used to house prisoners in the 18th and 19th over time through habitual action and
century. These were abandoned warships practice
converted into prisons as means of relieving
THE EMERGENCE OF SECULAR LAW
congestion of prisoners. They were also called
"floating hells". 4th A.D. – Secular Laws were advocated by
Christian philosophers who recognizes the
GULAGS
need for justice. Some of the proponents
 the term Gulag of Igorot mountain tribe these laws were St. Augustine and St.
according to the linguist, refers to a Thomas Aquinas.
wooden-fence where convicted felons
LAWS WERE DISTINGUISHED:
were imprisoned by the elders.
 At the height of the Banawe Rice- 1. External Law (Lex Externa) 2 2. Lex
Terraces construction, the tribe's Divina (Divine Law) – the idea that there
chieftain considers it a crime for any are moral principles that are based on
able-bodied male who refuses to work the will of God or a higher power. For
at the terraces, if found guilty of such example, the Ten Commandments in
idleness, he will be sent to the Gulag. the Bible are considered divine law
because they are believed to be based
GULAG OF GERMANY – this is the infamous
on the will of God.
Gulag prison of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn in
Germany, where thousands of Jews house were 3. Natural Law (Lex Naturalis) - a theory in
man-slaughtered during the reign of Adolph ethics and philosophy that says that human
Hitler. beings possess intrinsic values that govern
their reasoning and behavior. Natural law
 Slaughter house
maintains that these rules of right and
GULAG OF RUSSIA – this is synonymous for wrong are inherent in people and are not
corrective labor camp, a penal institution created by society or court judges.
established in 1918 after the Russian
4. Human Law (Lex Humana) – man is pains in advance of action and regulates
guided by simple moral truth – to do good his conduct by the result of his
and to avoid evil. Thus, rules underlying calculations.
human laws must derive from a moral
Mnemonic: FRED
system – a sort of ‘natural law’. Declares
Aquinas, human beings must draw from the Basis of criminal liability – absolute human free
precepts of the natural law answers to will
problems which emerge when they live
together in society. Where human law Purpose of punishment – retribution
conforms to the law of reasons or natural Effect: Deterrence
law, it conforms to the law of God
2. THE NEO-CLASSICAL SCHOOL – this
 All these laws are intended for the approach to penology arose at the time
common good, but the Human law of the French Revolution and the period
only become valid if it does not immediately thereafter. It maintained
conflict with the other two laws. that while the classical doctrine is
THE JUDEAN-CHRISTIAN THEORY correct in general, it should be modified
in certain details. Since children and
 Following the Secular Theory of lunatics cannot calculate the
punishment was the Judean or Christian differences of pleasures from pain,
Theory, which was at its fullest they should not be regarded as
development during the death of Christ criminals, hence they should be free
in 30 A.D. This theory of expiation from punishment. The reaction to crime
(reparation of guilt) believes that under this school is no longer punitive.
punishment has a redemptive purpose
of repelling sin advocated by the devil Effect: mitigating and exempting circumstances
atonement. RESULT OF THE NEO-CLASSICAL THEORY
THE PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF PENOLOGY  Exempting circumstances admitted
1. THE CLASSICAL/JURISTIC SCHOOL – this  Reduction of punishment for partial
school lays stress on the crime and not freedom of the will = only partial
on the person or criminal offender. In responsibility
this approach, punishment which is  Punishment was mitigated for lack of
retributive and punitive is standardized full responsibility It represented the
and proportioned to the gravity and reaction against the severity of the
nature of the offense. It assumes that classical theory of equal punishment
every individual has free will and knows irrespective of circumstances
the penal law. Moreover, it postulates 3. THE POSITIVIST/ITALIAN SCHOOL – this
that man is a rational and calculating school views crime as a social
being who acts with reference to phenomenon and attaches importance
feelings of pleasure and pain. Thus, it to the criminal offenders. To this effect,
maintains the "doctrine of psychological a criminal is a like a sick man who needs
hedonism" or "free will". That the not to be punished but treated. The
individual calculates pleasures and concept of guilt must be substituted
with that of “social behavior”; the
 incurable criminal is to be treated and 1. BABYLONIAN AND SUMERIAN CODES
the correctional institution is to
CODE OF KING HAMMURABI (HAMMURABIC
constitute a criminology hospital.
CODE) – Babylon, about 1990 BC, credited as
 It is the school that denied
the oldest code prescribing savage punishment,
individual responsibility and
but in fact, Sumerian codes (Code of King Ur-
reflected non-punitive reactions to
Nammu) were nearly one hundred years older.
crime and criminality. It adheres
that crimes, as any other act, is a  This law applied the doctrine of Lex
natural phenomenon. Criminals are Talionis (Law of Retaliation)
considered as sick individuals who  believed in the philosophy of Tit for
need to be treated by treatment Tat
programs rather than punitive
actions against them. 2. ROMAN AND GREEK CODES
 treats criminals as sick individuals a. JUSTINIAN CODE – 6th C A.D., Emperor
 purpose of punishment is treatment Justinian of Rome wrote his code of law. An
and rehabilitation effort to match a desirable amount of
REDRESS (COMPENSATION) OF A WRONG punishment to all possible crimes. However, the
ACT law did not survive due to the fall of the Roman
Empire but left a foundation of Western legal
RETALIATION (PERSONAL VENGEANCE) – the codes.
earliest remedy for a wrong act to any one (in
the primitive society). The concept of personal  This law outlined specific
revenge by the victim's family or tribe against punishment for specific crimes
the family or tribe of the offender, hence "blood  THE TWELVE TABLES (XII TABULAE),
feuds" was accepted in the early primitive (451-450 BC) - represented the earliest
societies. codification of Roman law incorporated
into the Justinian Code. It is the
 Lex Taliones foundation of all public and private law
of the Romans until the time of
FINES AND PUNISHMENT – Customs has
Justinian. It is also a collection of legal
exerted effort and great force among primitive
principles engraved on metal tablets
societies. The acceptance of vengeance in the
and set up on the forum.
form of payment (cattle, food, personal
services, etc.) became accepted as dictated by b. GREEK CODE OF DRACO – in Greece, the
tribal traditions. As tribal leaders, elders and Code of Draco, a harsh code that provides the
later kings came into power, they begun to same punishment for both citizens and the
exert their authority on the negotiations. slaves as it incorporates primitive concepts
Wrongdoers could choose to stay away from (Vengeance, Blood Feuds).
the proceedings (Trial by ordeal) but if they
refuse to abide by the law imposed, they will be  The Greeks were the first society to
declared to be an outlaw. allow any citizen to prosecute the
offender in the name of the injured
 Restitution party.
EARLY CODES Result: equal punishment for all citizens
 4. THE BURGUNDIAN CODE (500 A.D) – returned to his purchaser and the slave shall be
specified punishment according to the freed to fill his own land.
social class of offenders, dividing them
4.) When a man, after gaining his freedom,
into: nobles, middle class and lower
again becomes lazy and improvident he shall be
class and specifying the value of the life
rearrested and thrown into the deepest forest
of each person according to social
to keep him from associating with his own
status.
people.
Effect: restitution
5.) Theft and reaping plants grown and
EARLY CODES (PHILIPPINE SETTING) cultivated by others shall be severely punished
and the person found guilty shall have his
Mostly tribal traditions, customs and
fingers cut.
practices influenced laws during the Pre-Spanish
Philippines. There were also laws that were 6.) Marriage to as many as three women may
written which include: be permitted in the beginning in order to
increase the population. Afterwards only those
THE CODE OF KALANTIAO (promulgated in
who can support many wives and children may
1433) – this was credited with allegedly creating
be permitted more than one wife.
the first legal code in the Philippines and it is
known as the most extensive and severe law 7.) Poor persons shall not have more than two
that prescribes harsh punishment in Aklan and children. Children of the poor in excess of two
Panay Islands. in number, shall be killed or thrown to swift
river.
 This code listed 18 orders for the proper
punishment of certain moral and social 8.) The authorities shall arrest a man who
transgressions. Depending on the dishonors a woman, runs away and does not
gravity of the offense, punishment marry her.
ranged from a light fine to being cut to
9.) If the man is not found, the illegitimate child
pieces and thrown to crocodiles.
shall be killed and they shall both be buried in
THE MARAGTAS CODE (Bala-od Maragtas by one grave.
Datu Surnakwel of llo-ilo) - The Maragtas Code
10.) Parents shall no longer take of their
is proof of the advanced civilization of the
children who beget illegitimate children.
Bisayans. Morals were high, industry was
encouraged. This Code of Maragtas was The Spanish Civil Code became effective in the
promulgated in 1212. The code listed 10 rules Philippines on December 7, 1889, the
as follows: "Conquistadores" and the "Kodigo Penal” (The
Revised Penal Code today, 1930) was
1.) Great penalty shall be imposed on laziness.
introduced by the Spaniards promulgated by
Land shall be cultivated and planted.
the King of Spain. Basically, these laws adopted
2.) A lazy person shall be arrested and sold as a the Roman Law principles (Coquia, Principles of
slave to work in the fields. Roman Law, 1996).

3.) When a slave becomes industrious and an  This law is sometimes called as "LEY
able worker, the purchase money shall be ENGICIAMIENTO CRIMINAL" (criminal
procedure act)
 THE PIONEERS CORRECTIONAL SYSTEM  Retribution
 Deterrence
1. WILLIAM PENN (1614-1718)
 He fought for religious freedom and
5. JEREMY BENTHAM (PHUF)
individual rights. He is the first leader to
 the greatest leader in the reform of
prescribe imprisonment as correctional
English Criminal law. He believes that
treatment for major offenders. He is
whatever punishment designed to
also responsible for the abolition of
negate whatever pleasure or gain the
death penalty and torture as a form of
criminal derives from crime, the crime
punishment.
rate would go down.
 Abolished death penalty and torture
 Design the Panoptican Prison
 Used imprisonment as treatment
(Cylindical Prison)
 Hedonism-people will seek pleasure
2. CHARLES MONTESIQUIEU (Charles
and avoid pain
Louis Secondat, Baron de la Brede et de
 Proposed the philosophy of
Montesiquieu) (1689-1755)
utilitarianism
 A French historian and philosopher who
 Advocated the imaginary
analyzed law as an expression of justice.
mathematical formula of felicific
He believed that harsh punishment
calculus
would undermine morality and that
 Bentham was the one who devise
appealing to moral sentiments as a
the ultimate PANOPTICAN PRISON -
better means of preventing crime.
a prison that consists of a large
 Promoted treatment for offender to circular building containing multi
prevent crime cells around the periphery. It was
3. VOLTAIRE (Francois Marie Arouet) never built.
(1694-1778)
 He was the most versatile of all Panopticon - to see everything or to
philosophers during this period. He observe.
believes that fear of shame was a
6. JOHN HOWARD (1726-1790)-(ASSS)
deterrent to crime. He fought the
 the sheriff of Bedsfordshire in 1773
legality-sanctioned practice of torture.
who devoted his life and fortune to
 Shaming offender will deter him to
prison reform. After his findings on
commit crime
English Prisons, he recommended the
 Torture should be legally sanctioned
following:
4. CESARE BONESA, MARCHESE DE
a. abolition of fee system by which
BECCARIA (F-RE-D)
jailers obtained money from
 He wrote an essay entitled "An Essay on
prisoners;
Crimes and Punishment" (dei delitti e
b. single cells for sleeping;
del pene) the most exiting essay on law
c. segregation of women;
during this century. It presented the
d. segregation of youth provision of
humanistic goal of law.
sanitation facilities
"let the punishment fit the crime"  he is known as the Father of prison
reform in the world, great prison
 Freewill
 reformer a philanthropist and the first  Mark System is the concept in which
English prison reformer GCTA was derived from.
7. ELAM LYNDS
 warden of the Auburn and later of Sing 2. MANUEL MONTESIMOS
Sing (which he built), was one of the  The Director of Prisons in Valencia Spain
most influential persons in the (1835) who divided the number of
development of early prison discipline prisoners into companies and
in America. He is described as having appointed certain prisoners as petty
been a strict disciplinarian who believe officers in charge, which allowed good
that all convicts were cowards who behavior to prepare the convict for
could not be reformed until their spirit gradual release.
was broken. To this end he devised a  Mayor Concept in the Philippine setting
system of brutal punishments and
degrading procedures, many of which 3. DOMETS OF FRANCE / FREDERICK
remained as accepted practice until AUGUST DEMETS
very recent times  established an agricultural colony for
8. JEAN JACQUES VILLAIN delinquent boys in 1839 providing
 Father of Penitentiary Science - housefathers as in charge of these boys.
pioneered classification to separate The boys were housed in cottages with
women and children from hardened house fathers as in charge. The system
criminals. was based on re-education rather than
9. JAMES V. BENNETT force. When discharge the boys were
 Director of Federal Bureau of Prisons, place under the supervision of a patron.
wrote about closing of Alcatraz Prison,  Agricultural Colony
Built the Federal Correctional Institution 4. SIR EVELYN RUGGLES BRISE
in Seagoville Texas.  The Director of the English Prison who
10. ELIZABETH FRY opened the Borstal Institution for
 An English reformer sometimes referred young offenders. The Borstal Institution
to as the "angel of prisons" because of is considered as the best reform
her driving force behind new legislation institution for young offenders today.
to treat prisoners humanely. Borstal Reformatory is the first juvenile
reformatory in England. The Borstal
THE REFORMATORY MOVEMENT
Institution of England is today
1. ALEXANDER MACONOCHIE considered as the best reform
 He is the Superintendent of the penal institution for young offenders.
colony at Norfolk Island in Australia
NEW YORK HOUSE OF REFUGE – the first
(1840) who introduced the "Mark
juvenile reformatory in USA.
System". A system in which a prisoner
is required to earn a number of marks 5. WALTER CROFTON – He is the
based on proper department, labor and Director of the Irish Prison in 1854
study in order to entitle him for a ticket who introduced the Irish system
for leave or conditional release which is that was modified from the
similar to parole. Mocanochie's mark systern.
 Father of parole (in Australlia)  Progressive mark system
 Irish System period of recognizing human dignity. It is
 Father of parole in Ireland the movement of reformation, the period of
introduction of certain reforms in the
4 STAGES OF IRISH SYSTEM
correctional field by certain person,
1. The first stage of the Irish system was gradually changing the old positive
solitary confinement for nine months at a philosophy of punishment to a more
certain prison humane treatment of prisoners with
innovational programs.
II. The second stage was an assignment to
the public works at Spike Island. The Events: (ACA-IPPC-ER-CIW)
prisoner worked his promotion through a
1. The National Prison Association, now
series of the grades, according to a mark
American Correctional Association (ACA),
system
was organized and its first annual Congress
III. In the third stage the prisoner without was held in Cincinati, Ohio.
custodial supervision and was expose to
2. The first International Prison Congress
ordinary temptations of freedom.
(IPC) was held in London. Representative of
IV. The final stage was the release on the government of the United States and
supervision under conditions equivalent to European countries attended it. As a result
present day parole. of this congress, the International Penal and
Penitentiary Commission, an inter-
6. ZEBULON BROCKWAY governmental organization was established
 The Director of the Elmira in 1875 with headquarters at The Hague.
Reformatory in New York
(1876) who introduced certain 3. The Elmira Reformatory, which was
innovational programs like the considered as the forerunner of modern
following: penology, was opened in Elmira, New York
 training school type compulsory in 1876. The figures of Elmira were a
education of prisoners training school type of institutional
 casework methods extensive program, social casework in the institution,
use of parole and extensive of parole.
 indeterminate sentence 4. The first separate institutions for women
The ELMIRA REFORMATORY (THE HILL) is were established in Indiana and Massachusetts.
considered as the forerunner of modern (CIW/Correctional Institution for Women)
penology because it had all the elements of THE TWO RIVAL PRISON SYSTEM IN THE
a modem system. Extensively used Non- HISTORY OF CORRECTION
Institutional Corrections. A new institutional
program for boys from 16 to 30 years of A. AUBURN PRISON SYSTEM – the prison
age. system called the "Congregate
System" / GROUP SYSTEM The prisoners
 ESTABLISHED ON 1876 are confined in their own cells during
GOLDEN AGE OF PENOLOGY -1870 to 1880 the night and congregate work in
shops during the day. Complete silence
The Age of Enlightenment/Age of Reason – was enforced.
18th century is a century of change. It is the
HARD WOOD SHOPS - place where prisoners do Philadelphia. It was converted into a state
their labor prison and became the first American
Penitentiary.
B. PENNSYLVANIA PRISON SYSTEM (S-S-S)
– the prisons system called "Solitary 4. ERGASTALUM – it is an ancient
System" / SILENT SYSTEM / SEPARATE prison wherein prisoners are attached to
SYSTEM. Prisoners are confined in workbenches and are forced to do hard
single cells day and night where they labor in the period of their imprisonment.
lived, they slept, and they ate and
 a dungeon on a large Roman farm in
receive religious instructions. Complete
which slave laborers were confined
Silence was also enforced. They are
5. MAISON DE FORCE (1627) – a house of
required to read the Bible.
correction in Ghent, Belgium which
In 1934, the League of Nations adopted separate adult from juveniles and
the "Standard Minimum Rules for the women from men, an innovation to
Treatment of Prisoners ", drafted by the prison system during the 1600s.
IPCC. The League requested all established by Jean Jaques Villian
governments to give the greatest possible (Father of Penitentiary Science)
publicity to the Rules; to take the necessary 6. SING-SING PRISON – the third prison
measures in order that they might be built by New York State. It is a
observed; and to submit regular reports maximum security prison. The tortures
regarding their application and regarding or methods of reformation inflicted
the prison reforms achieved in the were:
respective countries.  Floggings
 denial of reading materials
EARLY PRISONS
 solitary confinement.
1. MAMERTINE PRISON / CARCERE  shower bath was a gadget so
MAMERTINO – the only early Roman constructed as to drop a volume of
place of confinement which is built water on the head of a locked
under the main sewer of Rome in 64 naked offender. The force of icy
B.C cold water hitting the head of the
 Other places of confinement in the offender caused so much pain and
history of confinement include extreme shock that prisoners
FORTRESSES, CASTLES, and TOWN immediately sank into coma due to
GATES that were strongly built the shock and hypothermia or
purposely against roving bands of sudden drop in body temperature.
raiders. 7. ALCATRAZ (THE ROCK)-1850 – the
prison is located on an island in San
2. BRIDEWELL WORKHOUSE (1557) – Francisco Bay. It was built for the
The most popular workhouse in London military in the 1850's and used by them,
which was built for the employment and as a fort and a prison until 1933 when it
housing of English prisoners. Named after passed to the Department of Justice
St. Bridget Well thru the recommendation of Dir. John
3. WALNUT STREET JAIL – originally Edgar Hoover and became a civil prison
constructed as a detention jail in
 until it was closed in 1963 thru the January 17, 1958, brothers John, Clarence, and
writings of James Bennet Alfred Anglin robbed the Bank of Columbia in
 The hardest prison in history where Columbia, Alabama. All received 35-year
number 1 public enemies are sentences, which they served at Florida State
imprisoned like Al Capone. Prison, Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary, and
then Atlanta Penitentiary. After repeated
FAMOUS ESCAPEES OF ALCATRAZ (1962)
attempts to escape from the Atlanta facility,
1. Frank Morris, Clarence and John Anglin John and Clarence were transferred to Alcatraz.
(brothers) – Late on the night of June 11
Allen West – person who attempted to escape
or early morning of June 12, the three
the Alcatraz prison but did not succeed.
men tucked papier-mâché heads
resembling their own likenesses into OLIN GUY BLACKWELL – last warden of the
their beds, broke out of the main prison Alcatraz prison.
building via ventilation ducts and an
8. DEVIL'S ISLAND - French penal colony
unused utility corridor, and departed
from 1852 to 1959 where political
the island aboard an improvised
prisoners are exiled.
inflatable raft to an uncertain fate.
9. ROBBEN ISLAND – A prison complex
Frank Morris - born September 1, 1926) was located at the coast of Capetown, South
born in Washington, D.C., he was orphaned at Africa which serve as a refugee camp
age 11, he spent the rest of his childhood in for people afflicted with leper before
foster homes. He was convicted of his first converted into a prison.
criminal offense at 13, and by his late teens had 10. PORT ARTHUR – located in Tasmania,
been arrested for crimes ranging from narcotics Australia, is a penal colony which is the
possession to armed robbery. He spent most of destination for the hardest English
his early years in jail serving lunch to prisoners. prisoner during the middle of the 19th
Later, he was arrested for grand larceny in century.
Miami Beach, car theft, and armed robbery. 11. NEW GATE PRISON – not a real prison
Morris reportedly ranked in the top 2% of the but an abandoned copper mine of
general population in intelligence, as measured Simsbury Connecticut. Inmates are
by IQ testing (133).He served time in Florida and confined underground (Black hole of
Georgia, then escaped from the Louisiana State horrors).
Penitentiary while serving 10 years for bank
EARLY PRISONS IN THE PHILIPPINES
robbery. He was recaptured a year later while
committing a burglary and sent to Alcatraz on During the Pre-Spanish period, prison
January 20, 1960, as inmate number AZ1441. system in the Philippines was tribal in nature.
Village chieftains administered it. It was
John and Clarence Anglin - Clarence was first
historically traced from the early written laws.
caught breaking into a service station when he
was 14 years old. The brothers began robbing FIRST BILIBID PRISON – established in 1847
banks and other establishments as a team in pursuant to Section 1708 of the Revised
the early 1950s, usually targeting businesses Administrative Code and formally opened by
that were closed, to ensure that no one got Royal Decree in 1865, it was constructed and
injured. They claimed that they used a weapon became the central place of confinement for
only once, during a bank heist – a toy gun. On
Filipino Prisoners by virtue of the Royal decree safekeeping of all Insular Prisoners
of the Spanish crown. confined therein or committed to the
custody of the Bureau.
In 1936, the City of Manila exchanges its
Muntinlupa property with the Bureau of Prisons BP 28 – law that change the name penal colony
originally intended as a site for boys' training to penal farm
school. Today, the old Bilibid Prison is now
KEY POSITIONS
being used as the MANILA CITY JAIL, famous as
the "MAY HALIQUE ESTATE". The BuCor shall be headed by a Director (Rank
Undersecretary) who shall be assisted by three
ORIGIN OF THE WORD PRISON
(3) Deputy Directors (Rank-Asst. Director): one
the word prison was derived from the Greco- (1) for administration, one (1) for security and
Roman word PRESIDIO "PRE" means BEFORE operations and one (1) for reformation, all of
and SIDIO means INSIDE. It is synonymous to a whom shall be appointed by the President
fenced-cave or dungeon. upon the recommendation of the Secretary of
the DOJ: Provided, That the Director and the
THE PHILIPPINE PRISON SYSTEM
Deputy Directors of the BuCor shall serve a tour
The Philippine prison system is patterned after of duty not to exceed six (6) years from the date
the Federal Bureau of Prisons of the United of appointment:
States. It is a bureau within the Department of
MINIMUM QUALIFICATION FOR CORRECTION
Justice.
OFFICERS
BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
1) A citizen of the Republic of the Philippines;
Bureau of Prisons was created under the
2) A person of good moral character;
Reorganization Act of 1905 (Act No. 1407
dated November 1, 1905) as an agency under 3) Must have passed the
the Department of Commerce and Police. psychiatric/psychological, drug and physical test
for the purpose of determining his/her physical
Bureau of Prisons was renamed Bureau of
and mental health;
Corrections under Executive Order 292
(Administrative Code) passed during the Cory 4) Must possess a baccalaureate degree from a
Aquino Administration. It states that the head recognized learning institution;
of the Bureau of Corrections is the Director of
5) Must possess the appropriate civil service
Prisons who is appointed by the President of
eligibility;
the Philippines with the confirmation of the
Commission of Appointments. 6) Must not have been dishonorably discharged
or dismissed for cause from previous
RA 10575 – Also known as The "Act
employment;
Strengthening the Bureau of Corrections and
Providing Funds Therefore" Also Known as 7) Must not have been convicted by final
“BuCor Law of 2013" judgment of an offense or crime involving moral
turpitude; and
 The Bureau of Corrections has general
supervision and control of all seven (7) 8) Must be at least one meter and sixty-two
national / insular prisons or centimeters (1.62) m. in height for male, and
penitentiaries. It is charged with the
one meter and fifty-seven centimeters (1.57) m.  In 1936, the City of Manila exchanged
for female: its Muntinlupa property with that of the
Bureau of Prison lot, the Muntinlupa
9) That a new applicant must not be less than
property was intended as a site for Boys
twenty-one (21) or not more than forty (40)
Training School, but because it was too
years of age.
far, the City preferred the site of the
THE SEVEN OPERATING CORRECTIONAL Old Bilibid Prison, the present site of
FACILITIES IN THE PHILIPPINES Manila City Jail (BJMP).
b. NEW BILIBID PRISON, Muntinlupa City
Prior to the establishment of Bilibid Prison, (Approximately 552 hectares)
prisoners were confined in jails under the
 this is where the Bureau of
jurisdiction of Commandancias where law
Corrections Central Office. The
enforcement units were stationed.
New Bilibid Prison has a
Commandancias were established in practically
capacity of 3,000 Prisoners.
every province of the country.
Within the complex are the
1. BILIBID PRISONS three (3) security camps
a. OLD BILIBID PRISON (CARCEL Y administered by a Penal
PRESIDIO CORRECTIONAL) Superintendent and assisted by
 the main insular penitentiary as Asst. Superintendent in each
during the Spanish regime. This Camp.
was constructed in 1847 and The New Bilibid Prison has a capacity of 3,000
was formally inaugurated in Prisoners.
1865 by virtue of the Royal
Decree of the Spanish Crown. THE THREE (3) SECURITY CAMPS
This is located at Azcaraga St.
a. MAXIMUM SECURITY COMPOUND
(now Recto Ave.) then famous
(Main Building) – for prisoners whose
"May Haligue Estate" at nearby
sentences are 20 years and above, life
Central Market at Oroquieta St..
termers or those under capital
This was constructed in radical
punishment, those with pending cases,
spokes-of-a-wheel form with a
those under disciplinary punishment,
tower in the center spoke for
those whose cases are on appeal, those
easy command and control.
under detention, and those that do not
COMPOSED OF 2 COMPOUNDS: fall under medium and minimum
security status.
1. CARCEL – 600 INMATE CAPACITY
 wears tangerine shirt
2. PRESIDIO – 527 INMATE CAPACITY
 not allowed to do furlough
Commonwealth Act No. 67 was enacted,  This type of institution is characterized
appropriating one million (P1,000.000.00) pesos by thick all enclosures, 18 to 25 feet
for the construction of a new national prison in high. On top of the wall are catwalks
the southern suburb of Muntinlupa, Rizal in along which the guards patrol at night.
1935. The old prison was transformed into a At corners and strategic places are
receiving center and a storage facility for farm tower posts manned by heavily armed
produce from the colonies guards.
 Half-way Houses – non-confining residential
b. MEDIUM SECURITY COMPOUND (also facilities for adjudicated adults or juvenile or
known as Camp S Sampaguita) – for those subject to proceedings. They are
prisoners whose sentences are below alternative to containment for person not
20 years (computed from the minimum suited for probation that need period for re-
sentences per classification adjustment to the community after
interpretation) and those classified for imprisonment.
colony assignment.
Types of Half Way House
 This type of institution is usually
enclosed by two layers of wire fence. 1. Halfway Out – pre-release facility
The inner fence is 12 to 14 feet high used to orient the prisoner before
with curb and the outer fence is 8 to 12 release for adjustment purposes in
feet high. The two fences are from 18 to coping in the outside world.
20 feet apart. Usually the top portion of a. Pre-release – place for parole
the fence is provided with barbed wire. eligible
b. Parolees – granted parole but needs
c. MINIMUM SECURITY COMPOUND (also assistance in coping outside.
referred to as Camp Bukang Liwayway) 2. Halfway In – consisting of prisoners
– an open camp with less restrictions who are halfway in prison includes:
and regimentation. a. Probation Violators
 This is for prisoners who are 65 years b. Parole Violators
old and above, medically certified as
2.SAN RAMON PRISON AND PENAL FARM
invalids and for those prisoners who
(Zamboanga del Sur) – founded by Capt. Ramon
have six months or less to serve before
Blanco, a member of the Spanish Royal Army
they are released from prison.
and named the prison facility after his patron
 This is also known as the half-way
saint. This was initially intended for the
house
confinement of political prisoners during
 The lethal injection chamber is also
Spanish era. It was closed during the Spanish-
located in this camp
American War and was reopened during the
 This type of institution is usually
American occupation. It has three facilities
without a fence, and if there is one, its
(maximum, medium, minimum). The penal farm
purpose is to keep away the civilian
was designed to promote agro-industrial
population from entering the institution
activities.
rather than preventing escapes.
 The New Bilibid Prison specializes in the  On August 21, 1869, the San Ramon
industrial type of vocational training. It Prison and Penal Farm in Zamboanga
operates a furniture shop, shoe City was established to confine Muslim
repairing shop, blacksmith and tinsmith rebels and recalcitrant political
shop, auto mechanics and automobile prisoners opposed to the Spanish rule.
body building shop, tailoring, The facility, which faced the Jolo sea
electronics, watch-repairing carpentry, had Spanish-inspired dormitories and
and rattan furniture shop. It is also was originally set on a 1,414-hectare
engaged in track gardening, poultry, sprawling estate.
piggery and animal husbandry.
Land area: Currently approximately 1,546 Sta. Lucia: 9,685 hectares
hectares
Montible: with 8,000 hectares
Principal product: Copra, rice, coffee, etc.
Inagawan: 13,000 hectares.
Year established: 1869-1870
 All these colonies are administered by a
 2nd oldest prison after OBP Penal Supervisor It administers the
 San Ramon has an average population Tagumpay Settlement, which is
of 1,200 prisoners approximately 1, 000 hectares, with six
hectares homestead lots distributed to
3.IWAHIG PRISON AND PENAL FARM (Luhit,
inmates who desired to live in the
Puerto Princesa, Palawan) –
settlement after service of sentence.
the Americans established in 1904  One of the best open institutions in the
the LUHIT PENAL SETTLEMENT (now world.
Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm) on a
Date established: Nov. 16, 1905
vast reservation of 28,072 hectares.
It would reach a total land area of By virtue of: Reorganization Act of 1407 Land
40,000 hectares in the late 1950s. area: Approximately 36, 000 hectares - 41,007
Located on the westernmost part of (1912)
the archipelago far from the main
Principal product: rice, corn, copra and other
town to confine incorrigibles with
forest product
little hope of rehabilitation, the
area was expanded to 41,007  Largest penal colony
hectares by virtue of Executive  Prison without walls
Order No. 67 issued by Governor  The most open prison facility
Newton Gilbert on October 15,  The best and the finest prison
1912.
4. CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN
ENVISIONED BY: Gov. Luke E. Wright (Mandaluyong City) - The only female institution
ORDERED BY: Gov. Forbes in the Philippines since 1934, a female
Superintendent was assigned to supervise the
 Envisioned as an institution for prison facility.
incorrigible criminals, however, the first
contingent of prisoners to be confined  LOCATED AT WELFARE VILLE
revolted against the authorities. MANDALUYONG CITY
 On November1, 1905 under the Year established: 1931
Reorganization Act 1407, the policy was
changed, instead of putting hardened By virtue of: Act 3579 which was passed on Nov.
criminals, well behaved and obedient 27, 1929
inmates were sent to the colony Vocational activities: Dress making, beauty
 The farm is predominantly designed for culture, handicrafts
agro-industrial activities. Within its area
are four (4) sub-colonies: (CIMS) Capacity: 200

Central sub-colony: 14,700 hectares;

  first Women's Prison - opened in 7.DAVAO PRISON AND PENAL FARM (Tagum,
Indiana 1873. Based on the reformatory Davao del Norte)
model.
 The Davao Penal Colony was
5. LEYTE REGIONAL PRISON (Abuyog, S. Leyte) established on January 21, 1932, in
accordance, with Act No. 3732 and
Date established: Jan. 16, 1973 under
Proclamation No. 414, series of 1931.
Proclamation No. 1101
With two sub-colonies:
 It is a prison facility, which has a
1. Panabo sub-colony
receiving and process station.It
has three security facilities - 2.Kapalong sub-colony
maximum, medium, minimum
 Administer the Tanglaw Settlement for
Because of its terrain, prison
those inmates who desire to live within
agro-industrial activities could
the compound
not be fully developed.
 Youngest prison Land Area: 30,000 HECTARES
 Built during martial law under
First headed by: GEN. PAULINO SANTOS
the administration of Ferdinand
Marcos  RICHEST AND HIGHEST INCOME
 Fastest growing prison EARNER (this establishment can stand
on its own)
Max capacity – 500 prisoners
 BIGGEST BANANA AND ABACA
6. SABLAYAN PRISON AND PENAL FARM PLANTATION
(Sablayan, San Jose, Mindoro Occidental_
NON-OPERATIONAL PRISONS IN THE
With four sub-colonies within the prison PHILIPPINES
compound:
1. FORT BONIFACIO -
1. Central sub-colony
A committee report submitted to then
2. Pusog sub-colony President Carlos P. Garcia described Fort
Bonifacio, formerly known as Fort William
3. Pasugui sub-colony
McKinley, as a military reservation located in
4. Yapag sub-colony Taguig, which was established after the
Americans came to the Philippines. The prison
 This penal farm is intended for agro-
was originally used as a detention center for
industrial activities
offenders of US military laws and ordinances.
Land area: Approximately 16, 408.5 hectares
2. CORREGIDOR PRISON
by virtue of: Proclamation no. 72
In 1908 during the American regime, some 100
Date established: Sept. 26, 1954 prisoners were transferred from the Old Bilibid
Prison to Corregidor Island to work under
Principal product: Rice military authorities. This move was in
 NEAREST PENAL COLONY IN MANILA accordance with an order from the Department
of Instructions, which approved the transfer of
inmates so they could assist in maintenance and inhumane or barbaric forms of inflicting
other operations in the stockade. pain.

3. BONTOC PRISON CORPORAL PUNISHMENT – the infliction of

physical pain as a form of punishment.
The Philippine Legislature during the American
regime passed Act No. 1876 providing for the 3. SOCIAL DEGRADATION – putting the
establishment of a prison in Bontoc in Mountain offender into shame or humiliation.
Province. The prison was built for the prisoners 4. PILLORY – a wooden framework with
of the province and insular prisoners who were holes for the head and hands, in which
members of the non-Christian tribes of offenders were formerly imprisoned
Mountain Province and Nueva Vizcaya. and exposed to public abuse.
5. BANISHMENT OR
PUNISHMENT
EXILE/OSTRACISM/OUTLAWRY – the
It is the REDRESS (COMPENSATION) that sending or putting away of an offender
the state takes against an offending member of which was carried out either by
society that usually involve pain and suffering. prohibition against coming into a
specified territory such as an island to
 It is also the penalty imposed on an where the offender has been removed.
offender for a crime or wrongdoing.  Presently known as DESTIERRO
 The authoritative imposition of
something negative or unpleasant on a METHODS OF DEATH PENALTY EXECUTED IN
person in response to behavior deemed THE PHILIPPINES
wrong by law.
1. GARROTE – this became popular when
PENALTY AND THE MODERN PERIOD OF three (3) friar's priests, commonly
CORRECTION addressed as GOMBURZA, were
executed in 1872 by the Spanish
PENALTY is defined as the suffering inflicted by colonial rulers for exposing the
the state against an offending member for the venalities of the church.
transgression of law.  An iron collar attached upon a scaffold
ANCIENT FORMS OF PUNISHMENT formerly used in Spain and Portugal.
The convict is seated on the improvised
1. DEATH PENALTY / CAPITAL chair with both hands and feet tied.
PUNISHMENT – affected by burning, Then, the victim's neck is placed on the
beheading, hanging, breaking at the collar attached to it, finally, the iron
wheels, pillory and other forms of collar is slowly tightened by the screw
medieval executions. at the back chair by the executioner
DEATH CONVICT- This refers to an inmate in until the death convict is pronounced
which the death penalty/sentence imposed by dead.
the Regional Trial Court is affirmed by the  This method of execution was abolished
Supreme Court. in the Philippines by virtue of Act 451.

2. PHYSICAL TORTURE / CORPORAL CAUSE OF DEATH - Asphyxia or blockage of the

PUNISHMENT – affected by maiming, passage of oxygen
mutilation, whipping and other
 2. MUSKETRY / FIRING SQUAD – our is still alive, the lever shall be pulled
national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, died due to again until he is pronounced dead.
the alleged rebellion to the Spanish 6. LETHAL INJECTION/INTRAVENOUS
government, Drug Lord Lim Seng met POISONING – While the 1987
his death sentence by firing squad in Constitution abolished death sentence,
1973 at Fort Bonifacio during Martial however, Congress in 1996 passed RA
Law. 7659 as amended by RA 8177 that
3. BEHEADING/DECAPITATION – imposes death penalty for heinous
apprehended guerillas were beheaded crime by lethal injection.
by Samurai Sword at the Japanese  Developed in 1924 by an
Kempetei Garrison in 1943. anesthesiologist in Nevada.
 Derived from the Latin word "DE" Components of chemicals used in Lethal
meaning FROM, and "CAPUT" meaning Injection are:
a HEAD. Instead of using an axe, the
SODIUM THIOPENTAL (non-lethal dose) – a
method employed is by use of a sword
sleep inducing barbiturate commonly used in
and the practice is widespread in China
surgery to put the patient asleep.
and Muslim States.
4. HANGING – the famous tiger of PANCURONIUM BROMIDE (lethal dose) – a
Malaysia Yamashita died of hanging drug capable of paralyzing the muscles
from 13th footstep platform in 1946.
Mostly, the execution is conducted at POTASSIUM CHLORIDE – capable of stopping
dawn. The executioner will place a cloth heartbeat within seconds, this is commonly
over his head. Steel weights are used in Heart-by-pass operations.
strapped to the legs of the death LEO ECHEGARAY – 1st Filipino person who was
convict to ensure that he/she will die executed thru lethal injection
quickly. Then the rope will be placed
around the neck of the convict, and Six other People who died due to lethal
finally, the platform will be removed injection:

CAUSE OF DEATH - asphyxia 1. Eduardo Agbayani

2. Pablito Andan
5. ELECTRIC CHAIR/SILIA ELECTRICA – the 3. Alex Bartolome
Muntinlupa electric, which was 4. Dante Piandong
originally used way back 1926, is chair 5. Jesus Morallos
has claimed more than seventy (70) 6. Archie Bulan.
offenders convicted of capital offenses
since its installation four (4) decades CAUSE OF DEATH - Cardiac arrest / heart attack
ago. EARLY FORMS OF PRISON DISCIPLINE
 The convict is seated on a chair made of
electrical conducting materials with 1. HARD LABOR - also known as penal servitude
strap of electrodes on wrist, ankle and where inmates are given productive works.
head. Upon orders, the levers will be
2. DEPRIVATION - deprivation of everything
pulled-up and the fatal volts of
except the bare essentials of existence
alternating current passes the body
until the convict dies. If ever the convict
3. MONOTONY - giving the same food that is e. PRISION MAYOR - 6 yrs. and 1 day to 12
"off" diet, or requiring the prisoners to perform years
drab or boring daily routine. f. PRISION CORRECTIONAL - 6 months and
1 day to 6 years
4. UNIFORMITY - "we treat the prisoners alike".
g. ARRESTO MAYOR - 1 month and 1 day
" the fault of one is the fault of all".
to 6 months
5. MASS MOVEMENT - mass living in cell blocks, h. ARRESTO MENOR - 1 day to 30 days
mass eating, mass recreation, mass bathing. i. BOND TO KEEP THE PEACE -
discretionary on the part of the court.
6. DEGRADATION - uttering insulting words or
languages on the part of prison staff to the 2. PAROLE - a conditional release of
prisoners to degrade or break the confidence of prisoners after serving part of his/her
prisoners. sentence in prison for the purpose of
gradually re-introducing him/her to free life
7. CORPORAL PUNISHMENT - imposing brutal under the guidance and supervision of a
punishment or employing physical force to parole officer.
intimidate a delinquent inmate.
3. PROBATION – a disposition whereby a
8. ISOLATION OR SOLITARY CONFINEMENT/ defendant after conviction of an offense,
BARTOLINA - non-communication, limited the penalty of which does not exceed six-
news, " the lone wolf". years imprisonment, is released subject to
BJMP = 1 TO 7 DAYS the conditions imposed by the releasing
court and under the supervision of a
BUCOR = 1 MONTH TO 2 MONTHS probation officer.
UN RULES = 22 hours - 15 days 4. FINE – a pecuniary amount given as a
CONTEMPORARY FORMS OF PUNISHMENT compensation for a criminal act.

1. IMPRISONMENT / ISOLATION / 5. DESTIERRO - the penalty of banishing a

INCARCERATION / person from the place where he committed
COMMITMENT/INCAPACITATION - putting the a crime, prohibiting him to get near or enter
offender in prison for the purpose of protecting the 25-kilometer perimeter.
the public against criminal activities and at the PRISON
same time rehabilitating the prisoners by
requiring them to undergo institutional  A penitentiary, an institution for the
treatment programs. imprisonment (incarceration) of
persons convicted of major/ serious
DURATION OF PENALTIES crimes.
a. DEATH PENALTY - Capital punishment  A building, usually with cells, or other
b. LIFE IMPRISONMENT - life time places established for the purpose of
imprisonment for SPL taking safe custody or confinement of
c. RECLUSION PERPETUA - 20 yrs. and 1 criminals.
day up to 40 years  A place of confinement for those for
d. RECLUSION TEMPORAL - 12 yrs. and 1 those charged with or convicted of
day to 20 yrs. Imprisonment offenses against the laws of the land.
  a public building or other place for the Bureau of Customs or enforceable by
confinement of person, whether as a such agency, or violation if immigration
punishment imposed by the law or or election laws; or to one sentenced to
otherwise in the course of the serve two (2) or more prison sentences
administration of justice in the aggregate exceeding the period
of three (3) years. Whether or not he
As defined in the BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
has appealed. It shall include a person
OPERATING MANUAL, it also refers to a penal
committed to the Bureau by a court or
establishment under the control of the Bureau
competent authority for safekeeping or
of Corrections and shall include the New Bilibid
similar purpose. Unless otherwise
Prison, the Correctional Institution for Women,
indicated, “inmate” shall also refer to a
Leyte Regional Prison, and the Davao, San
“detainee”.
Ramon, Sablayan, and Iwahig Prison and Penal
Farms. Person Deprived of Liberty (PDL) – Refers
to a detainee, inmate, or prisoner, or other
WHO IS A PRISONER/INMATE?
person under confinement or custody in
 A prisoner is a person who is under the any other manner. However, in order to
custody of lawful authority. A person, prevent labeling, branding or shaming by
who by reason of his criminal sentence the use of these or other derogatory words,
or by a decision issued by a court, may the term "prisoner" has been replaced by
be deprived of his liberty or freedom. this new and neutral phrase.
 A prisoner is any person Nota Bene: this is accordance to the
detained/confined in jail or prison for Labeling Theory or the Social Reaction
the commission of a criminal offense or Theory by Erwin Lement (found SRT); Frank
convicted and serving in a penal Tannebaum (made earliest statement of
institution. latter-day labelling); Howard Becker
 A person committed to jail or prison by (Founder of Modern Labelling Theory);
a competent authority for any of the George Herbert Mead (one of the founders
following reasons: To serve a sentence of social interactionism) which states that
after conviction - Trial - Investigation people become criminals when significant
INMATE – either a prisoner or detainee members of society label them as such and
confined in jail. they accept those labels as a personal
identity.
 According to the Bureau of Corrections
Operating Manual – an inmate refers to GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS
a national prisoner or one sentenced by 1. DETENTION PRISONERS – those
the court to serve a maximum term of detained for investigation, preliminary
imprisonment of more than three (3) hearing, or awaiting trial. A detainee in
years or to a fine of more than one a lock up jail. They are prisoners under
thousand pesos (Php 1,000.00); or the jurisdiction of Courts.
regardless of the length of the sentence  ALSO KNOWN AS "DETAINEE" – person
imposed by the court, to one sentenced who is confined in prison pending
for violation of the Customs Law or preliminary investigation, trial or
other laws within the jurisdiction of the appeal; or upon legal process issued by
 the competent authority, a person Date of January 2, November 1,
accused before a court or competent Creation 1991 1905
authority who is temporarily confined in Powers Accepts Accepts
jail while undergoing investigation, detainees offenders
awaiting final judgment. and with above 3-
 12-18-36-24 Rule applies convicts years
with 3-years imprisonmen
1. Light Penalties – 12 hours imprisonme t
nt
2. Correctional Penalties – 18 hours Jurisdictio Controls all Supervised
3. Afflictive Penalties – 36 hours n city, all seven (7)
municipal insular
4. Drug Related Offense – 24 hours and district prisons in the
jails country
2. SENTENCED PRISONERS – offenders Agency C, BJMP Director
who are committed to the jail or prison Head (Director General
in order to serve their sentence after Rank) (USec)
final conviction by a competent court. Local Warden Superintende
They are prisoners under the Head nt
jurisdiction of penal institutions. Personnel Jail Officers Correction
3. PRISONERS WHO ARE ON Officers
SAFEKEEPING – includes non-criminal Uniform Yellow Max –
offenders who are detained in order to of Inmates tangerine
protect the community against their Med – blue
harmful behavior. Ex. Mentally Min - brown
deranged individuals, insane person.

SAFEKEEPING – the temporary custody of a CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCED

person for his own protection, safety, or PRISONERS
care; and/or his security from harm, injury 1. INSULAR OR NATIONAL PRISONERS
or danger for the liability he has committed. (3y1d-L)
JAIL vs PRISON - Those sentenced to suffer a term of
sentence of 3 years and 1 day to life
CATEGOR JAIL PRISON imprisonment.
Y - Those sentenced to suffer a term of
Purpose Accept Accept imprisonment cited above but appealed
inmates inmates who the judgment and unable to file a bond
who committed for their temporary liberty.
committed major
2. PROVINCIAL PRISONERS (6m1d-3y)
minor offense
- Those persons sentenced to suffer a
offense
term of imprisonment from 6 months
Agency BJMP BUCOR
Departme DILG DOJ and 1 day to 3 years or a fine not more
nt than 1,000 pesos, or both; or
Law R.A. 6975 ACT 1407 - Those detained therein waiting for
R.A. 9263 E.O. 292 preliminary investigation of their cases
R.A. 10575 cognizable by the RTC.
Nota Bene: the Maximum-Security Prison (NBP
Main Building), they wear orange
PROVINCIAL JAIL (1910) - under the office of
color of uniform.
the Governor. Where the imposable penalty
 Prisoners includes those sentenced
for the crime committed is more than six
to serve sentence 20 years or more,
months but not more than 3 years and the
or those whose sentenced are
offense was committed within the
under the review of the Supreme
municipality, the offender must serve his or
Court, and offenders who are
her sentence in the provincial jail. Where
criminally insane having severe
the penalty imposed exceeds three years,
personality or emotional disorders
the offender shall serve his or her sentence
that make them dangerous to
in the penal institutions of the Bureau of
fellow offenders or staff members.
Corrections.

3. CITY PRISONERS (1d-3y)

- Those sentenced to suffer a term of MEDIUM SECURITY PRISONERS
imprisonment from 1 day to 3 years or a
- Those who cannot be trusted in open
fine of not more than 1,000 pesos or
conditions and pose lesser danger than
both.
maximum-security prisoners in case
- Those detained therein whose cases are
they escape.
filed with the MTC.
- It consists of groups of prisoners who
- Those detained therein whose cases are
may be allowed to work outside the
cognizable by the RTC and under
fence or walls of the penal institution
Preliminary Investigation.
under guards or with escorts.
4. MUNICIPAL PRISONERS (1d-6m)
- They occupy the Medium Security
- Those confined in Municipal jails to
Prison (Camp Sampaguita) and they
serve an imprisonment from 1 day to 6
wear blue color of uniforms. Generally,
months.
they are employed as agricultural
- Those detained therein whose trials of
workers.
their cases are pending with the MTC.
- It includes prisoners whose minimum
CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONERS sentence is less than 20 years and life-
ACCORDING TO DEGREE OF SECURITY sentenced prisoners who served at least
10 years inside a maximum security
MAXIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS
prison.
- the group of prisoners whose escape
MINIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS
could be dangerous to the public or to
the security of the state. - The group of prisoners who can be
 It consists of constant reasonably trusted to serve sentence
troublemakers. Their movements under "open conditions".
are restricted and they are not  This group includes prisoners who
allowed to work outside the can be trusted to report to their
institution but rather assigned to work assignments without the
industrial shops within the prison presence of guards. They occupy
compound. They are confined at the Minimum Security Prison (Camp
 Bukang Liwayway) and wear brown during his transfer to the National
color uniforms. Prison.
2. CHECKING OF COMMITMENT PAPERS –
CLASSIFICATION OF INMATES AS TO
the receiving officer checks the
PRIVILEGES
commitment papers if they are in order.
1. 3RD CLASS – committed for three or That is, if they contain the signature of
more time as sentenced prisoner. the judge or the signature of the clerk
2. 2ND CLASS – newly arrived inmate, of court, and the seal of the court.
demoted from 1st class or promoted
3. IDENTIFICATION / BOOKING – the prisoner's
from 3rd class
identity is established through the picture and
fingerprint appearing in the commitment order.
This is to ensure that the person being
3. 1ST CLASS – known for character and committed is the same as the person being
credit for work while in detention or named in the commitment order.
one promoted from 2nd class
4. SEARCHING / SHAKEDOWN (PRUBS) – this
4. COLONIST – after one year after being step involves the frisking of the prisoner and
promoted from 1st class who served searching his personal things. Weapons and
with good conduct the 1/5 of his other items classified as contraband are
maximum sentence or served 7 years of confiscated and deposited to the property
his life sentence. custodian.

 Other properties are deposited with

PRIVILEGES OF A COLONIST
the trust fund officer under
1. Automatic commutation to 30 years of life recording and receipts.
imprisonment.
TYPES OF SEARCH (PRUBS)
2. Deduction of 5 days / month
PAT – patting of subjects clothing
3. Wear civilian clothes
RUB – patting of body over the clothing
4. Can live with his family including the groin, buttocks and breast
5. Subsidy from the Government STRIP – naked search
6. Transportation allowance BODY CAVITY SEARCH – expose body cavities
7. Use of prison facilities like anus and vagina to look for contrabands.

ADMISSION PROCEDURES IN PRISON 5. BRIEFING AND ORIENTATION - the prisoner

will be brief and oriented on the rules and
1. RECEIVING – the new prisoner is regulations of the prison before he will be
received at the RDC. assigned to the RDC or the quarantine unit.
 The new prisoner usually comes
from a provincial or city jail where 6. Issuance of Clothes and Equipment – from
he was immediately committed the receiving office, the new prisoner goes to
upon conviction by the court, and the supply room where he receives his prison
escorted by the escort platoon uniform, mosquito net and beddings.
7. Assignment to Quarters – after the prisoner 7. MEDICAL OFFICER – conducts physical
is issued his clothing's and beddings, he is sent examination and recommends medical
to the quarantine unit. The quarantine may be a treatment of prisoners.
unit of the prison or a section of the Reception
8. CUSTODIAL-CORRECTIONAL OFFICER –
Center.
recommends the transfer and type of
BUCOR'S DIRECTORATE FOR RECEPTION custody of inmates.
AND DIAGNOSTICS
THE QUARANTINE CELL OR UNIT
(FORMERLY RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC
This may be a unit of the prison or a section
CENTER) NBP
of the RDC where the prisoner is given
thorough physical examination including
blood test, x-rays, vaccinations and
This is a special unit of prison (Camp
immunity for 5 to 10 days.
Sampaguita) where new prisoners undergo
diagnostic examination, study and  This is for the purpose of insuring
observation for the purpose of determining that the prisoner is not suffering
the programs of treatment and training best from any contagious disease, which
suited to their needs FOR A TOTAL PERIOD might be transferred to the prison
OF 60 DAYS and the institution to which population.
they should be transferred.
THE NATIONAL CORRECTIONS
It is composed of the following staff CONSCIOUSNESS WEEK
members:
✓ Every last week of October By virtue of
1. PSYCHIATRIST - responsible in the Proclamation Number 551 signed on March
examination of the prisoner's mental 15, 1995, by former President Fidel V.
and emotional make-up. Ramos
2. PSYCHOLOGIST - responsible to conduct
study on the character and behavior of WHAT IS A JAIL?
the prisoners. - Jail is a place for locking-up of persons
3. SOCIOLOGIST – study the social case who are convicted of minor offenses or
situation of the individual prisoner. felonies who are to serve a short
4. EDUCATIONAL COUNSELOR – conducts sentence imposed upon them by a
orientation classes in order to change competent court, or for confinement of
inmates' attitude towards education and persons who are awaiting trial or
recommends educational program for the investigation of their cases.
prisoner. - a place of confinement for inmates
under investigation, awaiting or
5. VOCATIONAL COUNSELOR – to test the undergoing trial or serving sentence.
prisoner's special abilities, interest and skills - is a building or place of confinement of
and recommends for the vocational course arrested or sentenced persons. It is
best suited to the prisoner. usually made up of cells which are
made up of small rooms or enclosures
6. CHAPLAIN – encourage the prisoner to
where prisoners are actually kept or
participate in religious activities.
 confined (People vs. Caricaban, 13672- MISSION
CR, Sept. 9, 1965)
To enhance public safety by ensuring
ORIGIN OF THE WORD JAIL humane safekeeping and development of
Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL) in all
It is said to have been derived from the
district, city, and municipal jails for their
Spanish word JAULO/CAULA which means a
integration to society.
CAGE.
VISION
It is also said to have been derived from the
French word GAOL pronounced as "geole", A premier institution highly regarded by
a place for the arrested criminals. society for the secure and humane
treatment of Persons Deprived of Liberty
(PDL) by its competent and motivated
TYPES OF JAILS (LOW) corps.

1. LOCK-UP JAILS – is a security facility, OBJECTIVES OF THE BJMP:

common to police stations, used for
1. To improve the living conditions of the
temporary confinement of an individual
offenders in accordance with the accepted
held for investigation.
standards set by the United Nations.
2. ORDINARY JAILS – is the type of jail
commonly used to detain a convicted 2. To enhance rehabilitation and
criminal offender to serve sentence less reformation of offenders in preparation for
than three years. their eventual reintegration into the
3. Workhouses, Jail Farms or Camp – a mainstream of society upon their release.
facility that houses minimum custody
3. To professionalize jail services.
offenders who are serving short
sentences or those who are undergoing BJMP CORE VALUES PRO.T.E.C.S.
constructive work programs. It provides
full employment of prisoners, remedial PRO-Professionalism
services and constructive leisure time T-Teamwork
activities.
E-Efficiency/Competence
BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND
PENOLOGY (BJMP) C-Commitment

The BJMP exercises supervision and control S-Self-Discipline

over all cities and municipal jails throughout
the country. The enactment of Republic Act
no. 6975 created the BJMP and further POWERS, FUNCTIONS AND ORGANIZATION
amended by RA 9263 of the BFP and BJMP OF THE BJMP
Professionalization Act of 2004. It operates
A. Powers:
as a line bureau under the Department of
the Interior and Local Government (DILG). The Bureau shall exercise supervision and
control over all districts, city and municipal
J/DIR. CHARLES MONDEJAR – the first chief
jails to ensure a secured, clean, sanitary and
of the BJMP way back its establishment
adequately equipped jail for the custody
and safekeeping of city and municipal - COMPTROLLERSHIP
prisoners, any fugitive from justice or
- Research Plans and Programs Division
persons detained awaiting investigation or
trial and/or transfer to the National - Inspection and Investigation Division
Penitentiary, and any violent, mentally ill
person who endangers himself or the safety 3. Special Staff Groups – General Services
of others. Unit

B. Organization and Key Positions in the -REPAIRS AND MAINTENANCE

BJMP: - Health Services Unit

The BJMP, also referred to as the Jail - Chaplain Services Unit- SPIRITUAL
Bureau, was created pursuant to Section 60, SERVICES
R.A. no. 6975, and initially consisting of
uniformed officers and members of the Jail Community Services Unit - Finance Services
management and Penology service as Unit
constituted under P.D. No. 765. -Hearing Office
 The Bureau shall be headed by a 4. Personal Staff Groups
chief with the rank of Director, and
assisted by a Deputy Chief with the - Aide-de-Camp
Rank of Chief Superintendent.
- Intelligence Office
 The Central Office is the Command
and Staff HQ of the Jail Bureau - Public Information Office
composed of 3 Command Groups, 6
- Legal Office
Coordinating Staff Divisions, 6
Special Staff Groups and 6 Personal -Adjudication Office
Staff Groups namely:
- Internal Audit
1. Command Group
REGIONAL OFFICE:
- Chief, BJMP (Director Rank)
At the Regional Level, each Region shall
-Deputy C/BJMP (Admin and Operation) have a designated Regional Director for Jail
management and Penology. provincial
- Chief of Directorial Staff
PROVINCIAL LEVEL:
2. Coordinating Staff Groups
In the Provincial Level, there shall be
- Administrative Division
designated a Provincial Jail Administrator to
- Operations Division perform the same functions as the ARDs
province wide.
– Logistics Division
DISTRICT OFFICE:
- EQUIPMENT
In the District Level, where there are large
- Finance Management Division cities and municipalities, a district jail with
subordinate jails, headed by a District 5. EXECUTIVE LEADERSHIP - must be
warden may be established constantly demonstrated by the
administrative head. He must offer
CITY AND MUNICIPAL OFFICE:
leadership and motivation to his staff in
In the City and Municipal level, a city or his personal drive, knowledge and
municipal Warden shall head each jail. sincerity of purpose and must tie
together all programs or discipline in
FUNCTIONS OF A JAIL WARDEN OR PRISON cementing a meaningful administrative
SUPERINTENDENT course.

1. DECISION MAKING-is important in the RANK CLASSIFICATION OF THE BJMP (RA 9263)
prison setting. The warden limits his
role to considering policy matters and RANK POSITION APPOINTIN RECOMMENDING
major problems. He delegates with G AUTHORITY
confidence, to well-trained subordinate AUTHORITY
executives, sufficient authority for DIRECTO C,BJMP PRESIDENT DILG SEC.
management of daily operations in line R
with established policy. C/SUPT. DEPUTY PRESIDENT DILG SEC.
C, BJMP
2. CONTROL PRISON OPERATIONS AND
SR. SUPT. RD DILG C, BJMP
ACTIVITIES - It has always been
SECRETARY
important to insure that the program
SUPT. ASST. RD C, BJMP IMMEDIATE
and policy are carried out and avoid SUPERIOR
C/INSP. WARDEN
mismanagement by incompetent S/INSP. WARDEN
personnel or by individual or group of INSP. WARDEN
inmates getting into positions of power. JOI-SJO4 JAIL RD
The warden depends more on sound GUARDS
organizational planning, written manual
policies and procedures, and an
effective communications system than The BFP and the BJMP shall be respectively
controlling operations by constant headed by a Chief who shall be assisted by two
personnel inspection of all areas and (2) deputy chiefs, one (1) for administration
frequent contact with all personnel and and one (1) for operations, all of whom shall be
a large number of inmates. appointed by the President upon
3. PUBLIC RELATION – The warden today recommendation of the Secretary of the DILG
provides leadership to involve all from among the qualified officers with at least
personnel in a program aimed at the rank of senior superintendent in the service
gaining public understanding, goodwill (RA 9263 Sec. 3)
and community acceptance. NOTE: All uniformed personnel of the BJMP
4. PERSONNEL PROGRAM - It is the shall be trained in the National Jail Training
warden's responsibility to provide Institute under the Philippine Public Safety
leadership and assign responsibility for College (PPSC-NJTI)
recruitment, selection, training and
supervision of personnel. DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES
A. WARDEN The administrative groups take charge of all
administrative functions of the jail bureau.
Direction, Coordination, and Control of the Jail
1. PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT BRANCH
Responsible for the:
- Assignment of personnel
 Security, safety, discipline and well-
- Procedures of selection
being of inmates
- Preparation of personnel reports
The office of the warden may organize the - Individual record file
following units:

1. Intelligence and Investigation Team

2. RECORDS AND STATISTICS BRANCH
- It gathers, collates and submits
intelligence information to the office of - Keep and maintain booking sheets and
the condition. warden on matter arrest reports.
regarding the jail - Keep an orderly record of fingerprints
2. Jail Inspectorate Section and photographs
- Inspect jail facilities, personnel, - Present/ Prepare statistical data of
prisoners and submit reports to the inmates
warden.
3. PROPERTY AND SUPPLY BRANCH
3. Public Relation Office
- Maintain public relation to obtain the - Take charge of the safekeeping of
necessary and adequate public support. equipment and supplies and materials
needed for the operation of the jail.
B. ASSISTANT WARDEN
4. BUDGET AND FINANCE BRANCH
The office of the Assistant Warden undertakes
the development of a systematic process of - Take charge of all financial matters such
treatment. Chairman of the Classification Board as budgeting, financing, accounting, and
and Disciplinary Board. auditing.
Note: Once the inmate has undergone the 5. MESS SERVICE BRANCH
registration process; he/she will be temporarily
housed at the Inmate Classification and - Take charge of the preparation of the
Counseling Unit (ICCU) in jails where it is daily menu, prepares and cook the food
available. The inmate shall stay at the ICCU for a and serve it to inmates.
minimum period of thirty (30) days but not 6. GENERAL SERVICE BRANCH
exceeding sixty (60) days or until the
completion of the classification process. At the - Responsible for the maintenance and
ICCU, the newly committed inmate will undergo repair of jail facilities and equipment. It
assessment by the different health is also task with the cleanliness and
professionals. beautification of the jail compound.

ICCU-Equivalent of Reception and Diagnostic 7.MITTIMUS COMPUTING BRANCH

Center of BuCor - Tasked to receive court decisions and
C. ADMINISTRATIVE GROUPS compute the date of the full completion
of the service of sentence of inmates.
D. SECURITY GROUPS inmates upon confinement, treatment of sick
inmates and conduct medical and physical
- The security groups provide a system of sound
examinations and provide medicines or
custody, security and control of inmates and
recommends for the hospitalization of seriously
their movements and also responsible to
ill prisoners or inmates. It also conducts
enforce prison or jail discipline.
psychiatric and psychological examinations.
1. ESCORT PLATOON

2. WORK AND EDUCATION THERAPY SERVICES

a) ESCORT SECTION to escort inmate upon - It take charge of the job and educational
order of any judicial body; upon summon of a programs needed for rehabilitation of inmates
court; or transfer to other penal institutions. by providing them job incentives so they can
Ratio of 1:2 (one inmate: 2 jail officers) earn and provide support for their families
while in jail.
b) SUBPOENA SECTION receives and distribute
court summons, notices, subpoenas, etc. EDUCATION- CORNERSTONE of rehabilitation or
the most important program of rehabilitation
2. SECURITY PLATOON - a three (3) working
platoon shifts responsible for overall security of 3. SOCIO-CULTURAL SERVICES - It takes care of
the jail compound including gates, guard posts the social case work study of the individual
and towers. They are also responsible for the prisoners by making interviews, home visits,
admitting and releasing unit. referral to community resources, free legal
services, and liaison works for the inmates.
JAIL MANNING LEVEL
4. CHAPLAINCY SERVICES - It takes charge of
1. CUSTODIAL RATIO -1 personnel for every 7 the religious and moral uplifting of the inmates
inmates through religious services. This branch caters to
2. COURT ROOM RATIO- 2 personnel for every 1 all religious sects.
inmate 5. GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING SERVICES –
3. ESCORT RATIO - 1 personnel for every 1 Responsible for the individual and group
inmate plus one personnel for high risk inmate counseling activities to help inmates solve their
individual problems and to help them lead a
4. LONG DISTANCE TRAVEL - Minimum of 3 wholesome and constructive life.
personnel
BJMP MANUAL SECTION 30 PUNISHABLE ACTS
5. REFORMATION OFFICER RATIO -1 personnel
to 24 inmates 1. MINOR OFFENSES:

E. REHABILITATION PURPOSES GROUPS: a. Bartering and Vending

- This group provides services and assistance to b. Personal Services

prisoners and their families to enable them to c. Untidy Appearance
solve their individual needs and problems
arising from the prisoners' confinement. d. Littering

1. MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES BRANCH - e. Groundless complaints;

Provides medical and physical examinations of
f. Reporting complaints on behalf of other b. Keeping or concealing keys or locks
inmates;
c. Direct/indirect bribery
g. Late in headcount
d. Possession of contrabands
h. Waste of food.
e. Tattooing others or allowing him/her to be
2. LESS GRAVE OFFENSES: tattooed

a. Absence in prison labor f. Extortion

b. Failure to render assistance to an injured g. Punishing or inflicting injury or any harm

personnel or inmate and in putting out fires upon himself/herself or other inmates;
inside the jail;
h. Concealing or withholding information on
c. Improper behavior during religious, social and plans of attempted escapes;
other group functions;
i. Unruly conduct and flagrant disregard for
d. Profanity discipline and instructions;

e. Malingering J. Escaping, attempting or planning to escape

from the institution or from any guard;
g. Failure to give due respect to any BJMP
personnel; k. Helping, aiding or abetting others to escape;

f. Spreading rumors l. Fighting, causing any disturbance or

participating therein and/or agitating to cause
h. Forcing to render personal service to him/her
such disturbance or riot;
and/or to others;
m. Indecent, immoral or lascivious acts by
i. Exchanging uniforms and wearing
himself/herself or others and/or allowing
unauthorized uniforms
himself/herself to be the subject of such
j. Loitering indecent, immoral or lascivious acts;

k. Unauthorized use of telephone n. Willful disobedience to a lawful order issued

by any BJMP personnel;
I. Vandalism
o. Assaulting any BJMP personnel;
m. Withholding information
p. Damaging any government property or
n. lewd or pornographic literature and/or equipment;
photographs;
q. Participating in kangaroo court, an
o. absence in headcount unauthorized or irregular court conducted with
p. Failure to turn over any implement/article/s disregard for or perversion of legal procedures
issued after work detail. as a mock court by the inmates in a jail/prison;

3. GRAVE OFFENSES: r. Affiliating with any gang or faction whose

main purpose is to foment regionalism others;
a. Malicious lying or to segregate themselves from
s. Failing to inform the authorities concerned 1. 1st 2 year – 5 days per month
when afflicted with any communicable disease,
2. 3rd – 5th year – 8 days per month
such as tuberculosis, sexually-transmitted
diseases, etc.; 3. 6th – 10th year – 10 days per month
t. Engaging in gambling or any game of chance; 4. 11th – succeeding years – 15 days per month

Granted only by the director of BUCOR to a

convicted inmate & cannot be applied in BJMP
u. Committing any act which violates any law or
ordinance, in which case, he/she shall be Act No. 2489, otherwise known as the Industrial
prosecuted criminally in accordance with law;
and Good Time Law, provides that when a prisoner
has been classified as trusty or penal colonists,
v. Committing any act prejudicial to good order he is given an additional 5 days’ time allowance
and discipline. for every month of service. A prisoner serving
life sentence has his sentence automatically
- Any personnel, especially warden,
reduced to 30 years of imprisonment upon
found to be allowing and tolerating any
attaining the classification of trusty or penal
violation mentioned above will be
colonists
immediately relieved from his/her
designation without prejudice to his or The abovementioned privilege will not apply if,
her being administratively charged.
✓ When they are recidivists, or have been
convicted previously twice or more times of any
Section 26. DUTIES AND FUNCTIONS OF THE crime (habitual delinquents); and
DISCIPLINARY BOARD - The Board is tasked to ✓ When upon being summoned for the
investigate the facts of an alleged misconduct execution of their sentence they have failed to
referred to it. It shall hold sessions as often as surrender voluntarily (escapees.
necessary in a room, which may be provided for
the purpose. All cases referred to it shall be ✓ Convicted of Heinous Crimes (RA 7659)
heard and decided within forty-eight (48) hours
NEW GOOD CONDUCT TIME ALLOWANCE
from the date of receipt of the case.
(RA 10592)

1. 1st 2 years – 20 days / month

DISCIPLINARY PUNISHMENTS IN JAIL/PRISON
2. 3rd to 5th year – 23 days / month
1. Counsel and reprimand
3. 6th to 10th year – 25 days / month
2. Reduced Diet
4. 11th up – 30 days / month
3. Loss of Privileges
5. - 15 days / month for studying and mentoring
4. Loss of Good Conduct Time Allowance
May be granted by the Director of BJMP,
GOOD CONDUCT TIME ALLOWANCE
Director of BuCor and Provincial, City and
OLD GCTA LAW ART 97. RPC Municipal Jail Wardens and can now be granted
even to a detainee while undergoing trial.
3. SPECIAL TIME ALLOWANCE FOR LOYALTY 4. SPORTS AND RECREATIONAL PROGRAMS –
(STAL) The only leisure program that is conducted
during free time schedule.
ART. 98 – Deduction of 1/5 if the convict
voluntarily surrendered within 48 hours after 5.MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES - Medical
the declaration of passing of calamities or and health services includes: Mental and
conflagration or even man-made crisis physical examination

Art 158 – Evasion of Service of Sentence due to Diagnosis and treatment - Immunization -
failure to return within 48 hours after passing of Sanitary inspections - Participation in training
calamity or
6. COUNSELING AND CASEWORK
disorder. Surrendered after 48 hours shall also
PENAL SERVITUDE / PRISON LABOR
be charged with Art. 158 but must be given the
mitigating circumstance of voluntary surrender PENAL SERVITUDE - a punishment, which
consist of keeping an offender in confinement
5. Close Confinement
and compelling him to labor.
THE TREATMNENT PROGRAMS
 Also known as PRISON LABOR
A. The Institutionalized Treatment Programs  Penal servitude is being conducted
in HARD WOOD SHOPS
1. PRISON EDUCATION - the cornerstone of
rehabilitation. It is the process or result of Types:
formal training in school or classrooms intended
1. LEASE SYSTEM - The state turns the prisoners
to shape the mind and attitude of prisoners
over to a private lease. The latter feeds, clothes,
towards good living upon their release.
guards, and houses and disciplines the
prisoners. This system prevailed in the southern
states of the United States. These systems no
2. WORK PROGRAMS / LIVELIHOOD
longer exist. (Private Controlled with Less
PROGRAMS - these are programs conducive to
Government Supervision)
change behavior in morale by training prisoners
for a useful occupation. It is purposely to 2. CONTRACT SYSTEM - The state, under this
eliminate idleness on the part of prisoners, system, retains control of the prisoner and the
which may contribute to "Prison stupor", and it contractor merely engages with the state for
affects the incidence of Prison riot. the labor of the inmates, which is performed
within or near the prison. The contractor
a. INDUSTRIAL PROGRAMS products production
supplies the raw material and supervises the
concerned in goods or
work and pays the institution the stipulated
b. AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMS - concerned in amount for the services of the prisoners. This
crops and farm activities and programs system no longer exists too. (Government
Controlled with Private Paying Contractor)
3. RELIGIOUS SERVICES IN PRISON / SPIRITUAL
PROGRAMS- The purpose of this program is to 3. PRICE-PIECE SYSTEM - Under this system the
change the attitudes of inmates by inculcating contractor supplies the raw materials and pays
religious values or belief. the state a determined amount for the work
done on each article produced. The institution
retains control of the inmates including the
daily quantity of work required. This system has  AMNESTY released by the order of the
also been abolished. (Government Controlled President and Congress
prison with Private company partnership paying
b. Before an inmate is released, he/she shall be
per piece of work)
properly identified to ensure that he/she is the
4. PUBLIC ACCOUNT SYSTEM - In the Public same person received and will be released.
Account System, the state buys the raw His/her marks and fingerprints shall be verified
material, manufactures and sells the products with those taken when he/she was received.
and assumes all the risks of conducting a
Any changes or differences in his/her
manufacturing business. Today, prison- made
distinguishing marks and scars shall be
products cannot be sold in the open market.
investigated to ascertain his/her real identity in
(Full Government Control)
order to prevent the mistaken release of
5. STATE-USE SYSTEM - Under this system, the another person.
state conducts the manufacture of the article
C. No inmate shall be released on a mere verbal
but the use of the article is limited to state
order or an order relayed by telephone. The
owned institutions. The principle of the system
release of an inmate by reason of acquittal,
is that the state produces articles or
dismissal of case, payment of fines and/or
merchandise for its own consumption alone and
indemnity, of filing of bond, shall be effected
in the process, affords the prisoner
only upon receipt of the Release Order served
opportunities to train for a vocation.
by the court process server.
(Government Manufactures for its own
consumption)  The Court Order shall bear the full
name of the inmate, the crime he/she
6. PUBLIC WORKS AND WAYS SYSTEM - Prison
was charged with, the criminal case
labor is used in the construction and repair of
number and such other details that will
public buildings, roads, bridges, flood control,
enable the officer in charge to properly
reforestation, clearing land, preventing soil
identify the inmate to be released.
erosion, etc. The system does not involve the
 Upon proper verification from the court
application of prison labor to the production of
of the authenticity of the Order, an
consumption goods. (inmate in public works)
inmate shall be released promptly and
MODES AND GUIDELINES OF RELEASE without unreasonably delay.
 Under proper receipt, all money earned
The following modes and guidelines shall be
and other valuables held in trust when
observed when inmates are to be released from
first admitted, shall be returned to the
detention.
inmate upon release.
a. An inmate may be released through:  The released inmate shall be issued a
Certification of Discharge from jail by
 SERVICE OF SENTENCE- released by the Warden/Wardress or his/her
director authorized representative.
 ORDER OF THE COURT - thru probation
PREGNANT FEMALE INMATE
or acquittal
 PAROLE- by BPP Pregnant women must be given special
 PARDON President released by the considerations and if ever that the child was
order of the born, the said child will have to stay to his/her
mother for not more than 1 year (for BuCor) or S-Sound the alarm (control center)
1 month (for BJMP)
A- Ask for assistance of the nearest police
CAN AN INMATE GET MARRIED? station and medical team

- Yes L-Lock all inmates in their respective cells

but it should Be held inside the jail V-Visitor out or kept in a secured area

- Request must be submitted to the A- All members of the custodial force must be
superintendent issued fire arms
- Expenses must be shouldered by the
R-Ready to plug-off escape routes
inmate
- Solemnized by the prison chaplain I-Issue Anti-riot equipment
- No media coverage
- No jail personnel sponsors and witness V-Visit the scene and engage

MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS ABOUT I- Initiate dispersal and use gas grenades with
INSTITUTIONAL CORRECTION permission of the officer in charge.

The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules T-Tactical teams as last resort
for the treatment of offenders prescribes that A-accounting of inmates and personnel
penal institution should not exceed 1,200
inmates. Smaller institutions should however S-save the injured
not be too small as to make operating cost too
expensive.
SALIENT POINTS ON RA 10575 "BUCOR LAW OF
✓ Super Security Facility - A small portion of any 2013"
prison population consists of incorrigibles,
recidivists, escape artists, and chronic
troublemakers. This category of prisoners CLASSIFICATION OF DORMITORY
should be confined in a unit or institution
separate from the general population. TYPE A DORMITORY - above 500 inmate
capacity and a lot area of more than 1.5
BUCOR'S TEAMS UNDER RIOT AND DISORDERS hectares
(PAR) TYPE B DORMITORY -101 to 500 inmate capacity
GROUP 1 - anti riot assault with shields, head and lot area of 1.5 hectares
gear, gas mask and baton to disperse the rioters TYPE C DORMITORY -1 to 100 inmate capacity
and leaders and lot area of 3,000 sq. m.
GROUP 2 - backup team with tear gas and gas CELL CAPACITY (1 Cell: 4.7 sq. meters per
grenades inmate: 10 maximum inmate per cell: 5
GROUP 3 - fire arms team, use firearms with Maximum Beds by 2 floors)
permission of the guard in charge 1. IDEAL HABITABLE FLOOR AREA PER INMATE =
BASIC POINTS ON DEALING WITH JAILBREAKS 4.7 square meters 2. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF
(SALVARI VITAS) INMATES PER CELL = 10
3. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF BUNKS BEDS = 5 COUNTING OF INMATES - Prisoners should be
units two level counted four times a day or oftener. During
change of shifts, guards on duty must be certain
KEY POSITIONS
that all prisoners are present and accounted for.
The BuCor shall be headed by a Director who In counting prisoners at night, the guard should
shall be assisted by three (3) Deputy Directors: "see flesh and hear voice" before recording
one (1) for administration, one (1) for security them as present.
and operations and one (1) for reformation, all
TERMINOLOGIES USED IN INSTITUTIONAL
of whom shall be appointed by the President
CORRECTION
upon the recommendation of the Secretary of
the DOJ who shall have a tenure of 6 years. BLUE-FLU - the practice of uniformed personnel
of taking sick leave EN MASSE to back-up their
BUCOR MANNING LEVEL
demands for improved working conditions,
1. 1:7 for three (3) shifts and salary increments, and other items on their
agenda.
2. reformation personnel-to-inmate ratio of
1:24 for one (1) shift. COMPETENT AUTHORITY - refers to the
Supreme Court, Court of Appeals, Regional Trial
3. reformation ratio is broken down into the Court, Metropolitan Trial Court, Municipal Trial
following: Court, Municipal Circuit Trial Court, Sandigan
a. MORAL AND SPIRITUAL PERSONNEL-TO- Bayan, Military Courts, House of
INMATE ratio is 1:240; (1 priest: 240 Representatives, Senate, Commission on
inmates) Elections, Bureau of Immigration and
b. EDUCATION AND TRAINING Deportation and Board of Pardons and Parole.
PERSONNEL-TO- INMATE ratio is 1:120; CARPETA - refers to the institutional record of
(1 teacher: 120 inmates) an inmate which consist of his
c. WORK AND LIVELIHOOD PERSONNEL- mittimus/commitment order, the prosecutor's
TO- INMATE ratio is 1:180; (1 vocational information and the decision of the trial court,
officer: 180 inmates) including the appellate court, if any.
d. PORTS AND RECREATION PERSONNEL-
TO- INMATE ratio is 1:225; (1 sports COMMITMENT - the entrusting for confinement
officer: 225 inmates) of an inmate to a jail by competent authority for
e. HEALTH AND WELFARE PERSONNEL-TO- investigation, trial and/or service of sentence.
Inmate ratio is 1:80; and (1 health
CLASSIFICATION - refers to the assigning or
officer: 80 inmates)
grouping of inmates according to their
f. BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION PERSONNEL-
sentence, gender, age, nationality, health,
TO- INMATE ratio is 1:150. (1 Behavior
criminal records, etc. a method by which
Mod Officer : 150 Inmates)
diagnosis, treatment, planning and execution of
BUCOR OFFICERS BASIC QUALIFICATION treatment programs are coordinated to an
individual.
All of the requirements asked by law is very
much the same as of the PNP, BFP and BJMP  It is the process of assigning inmates to
but only differs in mandatory AGE requirement types of custody or treatment programs
which is 21 to 40 years old for the BuCor. appropriate to their needs.
Also known as = DIVERSIFICATION ESCAPE - an act of getting out unlawfully from
confinement or custody by an inmate.
COMMITMENT ORDER - a written order of the
court or any other competent authority Evasion of service of sentence (Art. 157, RPC)
consigning an offender to a jail or prison for
confinement.
is derived from the Greek word ESCAPIO and
from the Latin word ESCAPIUM which means BY
CONTRABAND - any article, item, or thing CHANCE OR ACCIDENT.
prohibited by law and/or forbidden by jail rules.
EXPUNGEMENT - the process by which the
TYPES OF CONTRABAND record of crime conviction is destroyed or
sealed after expiration of statutory required
1. ILLEGAL CONTRABAND - prohibited by law
time.
2. NUISANCE CONTRABAND - prohibited only
FURLOUGH – authorization that permits inmate
by jail rules
to leave containment, for emergency family
COED INSTITUTION - or co-correctional crises, usually accompanied by correctional
institution which hold both male and female officer, Crises include "death bed".
offenders who interact and share the facility
RULES ON FURLOUGH
except for sleeping areas. They study, eat,
dance, work and engage in leisure activities  Not more than 30 km radius from the
within one campus. prison facility
 More than 30 km but you can return in
CONVICT BOGEY - society exaggerated fear of
daylight time
the convict and ex-convict which is usually far  Duration is for maximum of 3 hours
out of proportion to the real danger they only
present.  Cannot join the funeral procession
 Request at least 3 days before the date
DETERRENCE- a crime-control strategy that uses of visit
punishment to prevent others from committing  Approved by the trial court
similar crimes.  Inmates confined in maximum security
DIVERSIFICATION – administrative device of prison compounds are disqualified to
correctional institutions of providing varied and avail the privilege of furlough
flexible types of physical plants for more 1. HALFWAY OUT - prerelease facility used to
effective control of treatment programs of its orient the prisoner before release for
diversified population. adjustment purposes in coping in the outside.
DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION - a crime strategy a. PRE-RELEASE-place for parole eligible
that focuses on keeping the offenders in the
community rather than placing them in long- b. PAROLEES - granted parole but needs
term institution. assistance in coping outside.

DETERMINATE SENTENCE – a fixed period of 2. HALFWAY IN-consisting of prisoners who are

incarceration imposed on the offender by the half way in prison includes:
court
a. Probation Violators
b. Parole Violators PRISON RECORD – refers to information
containing an inmate's personal circumstances,
Note: half way house in NBP are joint project of
the offense he committed, the sentence
Asia Crime Prevention Foundation, Nagoya
imposed, the criminal case numbers in the trial
Japan West Club and UNAFEI, from the
appellate courts, the date he commenced
Japanese end, and the Asia Crime Prevention
service of his sentence, the date he was
Inc., DOJ, NAPOLCOM, Muntinlupa Lions Club,
received for confinement, the place of
and other NGO's on the side of the Philippines
confinement, the date of expiration of his
INDETERMINATE SENTENCE- sets minimum and sentence, the number of previous convictions, if
maximum period of incarceration. any, and his behavior and conduct while in
prison.
INSTRUMENT OF RESTRAINT- a device,
contrivance, tool, or instrument used to hold PROSELYTIZING-coercing an inmate to change
back, keep in, check, or control an inmate; e.g. and practice other religion
hand cuffs, leg irons
PRISONIZATION - process by which an inmate
JAILBREAK - the escape from jail by more than learns through socialization; the rules and
two (2) inmates by the use of force, threat, regulation of the penitentiary culture.
violence or deceit or by breaching security
REHABILITATION-a program of activity directed
barriers such as by scaling the perimeter fence,
to restore an inmate's self-respect thereby
by tunneling and/or by other similar means or
making him a law-abiding citizen after serving
by burning or destructing of the facility or a
his sentence. To change an offender's character,
portion of the facility with or without the aid of
attitude or behavior patterns so as to diminish
jail officer or any other person for convicted
his or her criminal propensities.
offender
RESTORATION – refers to a victim-oriented
MITTIMUS - a warrant issued by a court bearing
approach to crime that emphasizes restitution
its seal and the signature of the judge, directing
(compensation) for victims. This intervention
the jail or prison authorities to receive inmates
advocates restoring the victim and creating
for custody or service of sentence imposed
constructive roles for victims in the criminal
therein.
justice process, rather than focus on the
OPERATION GREYHOUND – a surprise and punishment of criminals.
unannounced invasion of a cell inside a prison
WEEK-END CONFINEMENT / DELAYED
facility conducted by uniformed personnel of
SENTENCE - offender is allowed to retain
the prison establishment to search for any type
current employment and permit sentences to
of contraband.
be served during weekends.
PENANCE – an ecclesiastical punishment
inflicted by an ecclesiastical court for some
spiritual offense.

PENITENTIARY - a prison, correctional

institution, or other place of confinement where
convicted felons are sent to serve out the term
of their sentence.