Television Theory & Systems

Television Theory and Systems

Unit Value 1.0
(typically 60 hours for a full-time course)
This standard unit is primarily for use by the Technical Institutes when operating the following
Courses :
Diploma in Electronics and Communications Engineering (1501) Certificate in Electronics (1512
and 1521)
May 1997 Vocational Training Council, Hong Kong Preface
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Television Theory & Systems
1. Teaching staff should design the teaching/learning process to facilitate the achievement
of the principle objectives. 2. The sequence and content of the objectives should not be
taken to imply the teaching
order or method. 3. To gain a pass grade, students are expected to achieve all the learning
outcomes
expressed by the principal objectives.
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Summary of Aims To enable the student to acquire the basic knowledge of
television engineering with the insight into the design problems of TV signal transmission and its
related system.
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Special Notes
1. The theory of this subject is supplemented by practical exercises in the subject
”Sound & Video Equipment Practice” . 2. Lecturers are advised to introduce
demonstrations in class to reinforce students
concepts on various TV signals.
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Table of Contents
Section Topic Contents Learning Support Time (%)
A The Television System 15 B Principles of Television C Television Receiver 50 D TV Related
Systems 20 Laboratory Work 15
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Section Principal Objectives plus Indicative Content or Specific Objectives
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A. The Television System
1. Understands the practical television system of transmitting and receiving a
visual scene in motion by means of radio broadcasting. a) Explains the basic principles of
television system. b) Explains why vertical scanning is necessary in addition to the horizontal
line
scanning. c) Lists the UHF channels assigned to all television broadcasting stations for
transmission of their sound and video signal in Hong Kong. d) Explains the standard of
transmission for 525-line and 625-line television
systems:
* methods of scanning; * the number of scanning lines per frame period; * the frame and field
repetition rates;
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Television Theory & Systems
* the bandwidth of the channel assigned to television broadcasting
station; and * the methods of modulation for sound and vision carriers. e) Introduces
multi-system TV standards.
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B. Principles of Television
2. Understands the principles of monochrome television signal transmission
and reception. a) Describes the scanning process and scanning standards for monochrome
television systems. b) Draws a composite video signal waveform and explains the following
terms:
* the video signal, * the horizontal and vertical blanking pulses, * the equalizing pulses and
broad pulses, * the front and back porches, and * the black and white levels. c) Explains methods
of generating a vestigial side-band for a television
transmitter. d) Discusses the application of envelope detection to demodulate the vestigial
side-band television signal. e) Describes the use of the intercarrier-sound working for
reception of the
sound signal. f) Explains how amplitude modulation and frequency modulation may be
employed for the transmission and reception of sound signal in the monochrome television
system.
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C. Television Receiver
3. Understands fundamental requirements for reception of a television
signal. a) Describes, with the aid of a block diagram, the principle of operation of a RF tuner,
including an oscillator and mixer and explains how these two stages serve as the frequency
converter to heterodyne the UHF channel down to the intermediate frequencies of the receiver. b)
Describes the function of a stagger-tuned IF amplifier, each stage is
resonant at a slightly different frequency to broaden the overall response. c) Draws, with
indication of different wave traps used, the IF response curve
of an IF amplifier. d) Explains, with the aid of a circuit diagram, the operation of a video
detector
stage using a diode. e) Draws the circuit diagram of a video amplifier using combination
peaking circuit which combines the shunt and series methods and explains how the frequency
response may be flat from 50 Hz to 4.5 MHz. f) Sketches the diagram of a sync. separator stage
with reverse voltage at the
base-emitter using a transistor:
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Television Theory & Systems
* explains why reverse voltage is used; * states typical values of components; * sketches the
input and output waveshapes with polarities. g) Explains briefly why keyed AGC circuit is used
and states its advantage. h) Lists the requirements of picture tubes for producing screen. i)
Describes, with the aid of circuit diagrams, the principles of:
* horizontal scanning, * vertical scanning. j) Explains the functions of :
* damper; * high-voltage rectifier; * low-voltage power supply. k) Describes, with the aid of
block diagrams, the principles of operations of:
* Sound IF amplifier; * AM and FM sound detectors; * audio amplifiers. l) Knows the basic
principles of Multi-sound system.
* Lists the functions of the multi-sound system with terrestrial
television. * Lists the specification of NICAM used in Hong Kong. * Draws the UHF
frequency spectrum of a TV channel with addition
sound carrier. m) Describes, with the aid of a typical black and white TV block
diagram, the
function of each part for which the received signal is being handled.
4. Understands the principles of colour television transmission and
reception. a) Describes the three primary colours and the three complementary colours in
additive colour mixing. b) Defines hue, luminance, and saturation of colours. c) Describes,
with the aid of a block diagram, the principle of transmission of the red, green, and blue outputs
of a colour television camera to luminance and chrominance signals. d) Describes the
compatibility of colour TV broadcasting. e) Explains why (R-Y) and (B-Y) signals are
transmitted instead of (G-Y)
signal. f) Draws the waveforms of Y, (R-Y), and (B-Y) with respect to a Colour Bar
Test Pattern. g) Explains why the chrominance amplitude of (R-Y) and (B-Y) must be
reduced in the transmission by the weighting factors of 0.877 and 0.493 respectively. h) Explains
the principle of suppressed carrier amplitude modulation and identifies the difference of
waveform produced with respect to an ordinary amplitude modulation waveform. i) Explains the
modulation process of U and V signals with a sub-carrier in
PAL system. j) Draws the block diagram of a PAL transmission system. k) Draws the
waveforms of the U, V, Y, composite U and V, and the composite
video signal of a Colour Bar Test Pattern.
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Television Theory & Systems
l) Draws the vector diagrams of the colour signals for the NTSC line and the
Pal line in a PAL system. m) Explains, with sketches, the functions of a burst signal in a PAL
system. n) Draws the block diagram of NTSC transmission system. o) States the forms of
distortion peculiar to NTSC system and explains how the
PAL system is arranged to minimize these forms of distortion. p) Describes, with the aid of a
block diagram, the principle of operation of SECAM system for colour television transmission
and reception and states the merits of this system.
5. Understands fundamental requirements for reception of a colour
television signal. a) Draws a block diagram of the video and chrominance sections of a PAL
delay-line colour receiver and explains the phenomena:
* the sub-carrier notch filter in the Y channel is in circuit for
monochrome and for colour reception; * burst gating and blanking pulses are derived from
the line fly-back
pulses; * the colour killer inhibits the chrominance amplifier driving the delay-line decoder
unless the alternating burst is present in the transmission. b) Describes, with the aid of block
diagrams, the functions of ;
* colour automatic frequency control(AFC); * automatic chrominance control (ACC) bias. c)
Explains, with the aid of a circuit diagram, the function and the operation of
a synchronous demodulator. d) Explains in details, with the aid of block diagrams, the
function of:
* the crystal reference oscillator ; * a bistable controlling the (R-Y) alternate line phase inversion
system; * the output if the ident stage controlling the switching of the (R-Y)
alternate line phase inverter to keep it in synchronism with the switching at the transmission. e)
Describes, with the aid of a circuit diagram, the function and the operation
of the R, G, and B amplifiers.
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D. TV Related Systems
6. Describes, with simple block diagrams, the functions and operations of the
following TV related systems: a) Closed-circuit Television; b) Public Antenna System; and c)
Cable Television.
7. Appreciates the operation of a VHS video cassette recorder.
a) States the capabilities of a video recorder. b) Draws the loading format and identifies the
positions of the following
magnetic heads of a VHS video cassette recorder:
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Television Theory & Systems
* video heads; * audio rec/play and audio erase heads; * full erase head; and * control head. c)
Describes the relationship between tape speed, drum rotation speed and
relative speed of a VHS video cassette recorder. d) Draws the audio, video and control
signals pattern format on the tape of a
VHS recorder. e) Draws the frequency spectrum of audio and video signals recorded on the
tape of VHS.
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