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Formdfgvdfddula Chart

The document contains formulas for attenuation/amplification, signal to noise ratio, Nyquist bit rate, Shannon capacity, and definitions of latency components including propagation time, transmission time, queuing time, and processing delay.

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nanka09
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16 views

Formdfgvdfddula Chart

The document contains formulas for attenuation/amplification, signal to noise ratio, Nyquist bit rate, Shannon capacity, and definitions of latency components including propagation time, transmission time, queuing time, and processing delay.

Uploaded by

nanka09
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formula chart ( Chapter 3 )

Attenuation / Amplification

dB=10Log10 (P2/P1)
P1 and P2 Power of the signal in Watt at Points 1
and 2
dB=20Log10 (V2/V1)
P1 and P2 Power of the signal in Voltage at Points 1
and 2

Signal to Noise Ratio


SNR= Average Signal Power/ Average Noise Power
Note : Power in Watt
SNR dB= 10Log10(SNR)

SNRVoltage = Signal Voltage / Noise Voltage

Compiled by - AG
IMPORTANT
SNR Pow =( SNRVoltage)2

NYQUIST BIT RATE ( for noiseless channel)


BitRate= 2 x bandwidth x log 2 L
- L = no. of Levels per signal
SHANNON CAPACITY ( for noisy channel)
Capacity = bandwidth x log2( 1+ SNR)
Note : SNR not SNRdB
Throughput

Latency (Delay)
The latency or delay defines how long it takes for an entire message to completely
arrive at the destination from the time the first bit is sent out from the source.

Compiled by - AG
We can say that latency is made of four components: propagation time,
transmission time, queuing time and processing delay.

Latency = propagation time + transmission time + queuing


time + processing delay

Propagation Time
Propagation time measures the time required for a bit to travel from the source
to the destination. The propagation time is calculated by dividing the distance by
the propagation speed.

Propagation time = Distance / Propagation speed

Transmission Time
In data communications we don't send just 1 bit, we send a message. The first bit
may take a time equal to the propagation time to reach its destination; the last bit
also may take the same amount of time. However, there is a time between the
first bit leaving the sender and the last bit arriving at the receiver. The first bit
leaves earlier and arrives earlier; the last bit leaves later and arrives later. The
time required for transmission of a message depends on the size of the message
and the bandwidth of the channel.

Transmission Time = ( Message size) / Bandwidth

Compiled by - AG

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