Week 1 & 2
Week 1 & 2
“Language grows by taking terms from various fields. Each field has a specialized vocabulary that communicates a variety of concepts
by means of technical language. This type of language is commonly used in research writing. For this quarter, you will try your hand at
developing your own research paper. To be able to write a good one, it is essential to provide clear definitions or explanations for
unfamiliar terms. Once you learn how to use dictionaries, thesaurus and other online sources, defining technical terms will be easy.”
LEARNING TASKS:
Activity 1: Parts of a Dictionary Entry
Direction: Determine the part of a dictionary entry by using the jumbled letters of the term and the provided meaning. You may also
use dictionary from online sources or mobile applications to accomplish this activity.
1. An TRENY WORD, listed alphabetically, shows how a word is spelled and how words of more than one
syllable is divided.
2. The CIAROPNOITNUN has symbols to show how to say the words.
3. A TRAP-OF-SCHEEP label gives the function or functions of a word.
4. LATERED FORMS, such as plurals, or the comparative forms are often given.
5. ULTIMPLE DEFINITIONS or meanings are numbered.
6. An ILLUSTIVERAT SENTENCE or phrase shows how a word is used.
7. An EMOTYLOGY, or word history, tells the origin of a word.
8. An ENTACC shows which syllables are said with special force.
9. Sometimes a MYSYNON STUDY shows shades of meaning.
10. A MOGRAPHHO is spelled the same as another word but has a different origin and meaning.
English 10
2nd Week of 4th Quarter
Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________ Section: _______________________
What is Research?
Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and
interpretation of that data/information, in accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic
disciplines.
Research is conducted to evaluate the validity of a hypothesis or an interpretive framework; to assemble a body of substantive
knowledge and findings for sharing them in appropriate manners; and to generate questions for further inquiries.
As a Grade 10 student, you are expected to create a basic research. But before planning and coming up with the different parts of
your study, it is just appropriate to be familiar with some of the used terms in research writing. Although some terms you will meet while
researching are not listed below, these jargons are likewise the common and useful ones to know and learn beforehand. Through
this, you will become ready once you finally use them as you investigate for some problems or issues of your interest.
TERM DEFINITION
abstract A brief overview of a research study
Applied Research Conducted to generate knowledge that influences or improves practice
Basic Research Research that tests theories
Conceptual Definition A variable, such as anxiety, may be defined as a feeling of uneasiness
concepts The building blocks of theories
constitutive definition The basic, dictionary meaning
Control group In experiments, the one that does not get the treatment
Correlational study A type of research design that depicts a relationship between variables, but not necessarily one of
cause -effect
data Information used as a basis for reasoning, discussion, or calculation.
Delimitations It addresses how the study will be narrowed in scope.
Dependent variable The concept that the researcher is most interested in understanding
Descriptive study Research design that describes “what is” e.g. a survey
experiment A research design used to find “cause-effect” relationships the “effect of…on…”
Experimental Group The one that gets the treatment
External validity How generalizable the results are as it concerns other populations and locations
extraneous Variables that may influence or contaminate the data
heterogeneous Groups under study are very different or varied.
homogeneous Groups that are very similar
Independent variable The concept being studied that usually indicates the influence or cause; the one that the researcher is
manipulating
hypothesis A statement written by the researcher that states the relationship among or between variables
Inductive Reasoning The basis for the qualitative research approach
Deductive Reasoning Depends on premises and is the basis for the quantitative research approach
Internal validity The extent to which a study measures what it is supposed to measure (accuracy within a study)
Introduction Establishes the scope, context and significance of the research to be conducted.
Limitations identify potential weaknesses of the study.
Measures of central Averages e.g. the mean)
tendency
mean The arithmetic average
median The middle where half the scores fall above, half below, eliminates the influence of outliers
Methodology Systematic approach to the conduct of a process. It includes steps of procedure, application of
techniques, systems of analysis, and the modes of inquiry employed by a discipline.
mode The score that occurs the most
Null Hypothesis The proposition, to be tested statistically, that the experimental intervention has "no effect,"
meaning that the treatment and control groups will not differ as a result of the intervention.
Investigators usually hope that the data will demonstrate some effect from the intervention, thus
allowing the investigator to reject the null hypothesis.
Operational definition How a term is used in a study
Participant Also called respondents, their characteristics and responses are the object of study in research
Principle investigator The person who oversees a research
population the target group under investigation. The population is the entire set under consideration. Samples are
drawn from populations
Purpose of the study specific research aims and objectives for the research.
random By chance
Qualitative Research Trying to verify or generate descriptive theory that is grounded in the data gleaned from the
investigation (naturalistic).
Quantitative Research Answer a specific research question by showing statistical evidence that the data may be addressed
in a particular way (experimental).
Questionnaire Structured sets of questions on specified subjects that are used to gather information.
Random sample Everybody has the same chance of being assigned to any group.
Research A systematic, objective way to generate facts
Research design The method for finding out what the researcher wants to know, experiment, and correlate…
Research Methodology The method of research design (paradigm as well as statistics and analysis) as well as the approximate
timeline for completion of the study.
Relationship The bond or connection between two variables
sample A smaller group that represents population of interest
Significance of the Study It is written as part of the introduction section of a thesis. It provides details to the reader on how the
study will contribute such as what the study will contribute and who will benefit from it.
Standard deviation A measure of spread; the average deviation of a group of scores from the mean
Statement of the Part of the introduction which enumerates the research questions which the study sought to answer.
problem
Statistical Analysis Application of statistical processes and theory to the compilation, presentation, discussion, and
interpretation of numerical data.
Statistical significance An important finding that did not likely happen by chance
Statistics Mathematical tools based on the normal curve used to analyze data; it must match with research
designs
T-score A standard score on the normal curve where the mean is assigned “50” deviations of “10”. Allows more
simple interpretation of student achievement
subject The people who are being studied
T-test A parametric statistical tool that compares differences between the means of two groups: assumptions
for use include normal distribution and at least interval data
theory An generalization that presents a representation about relationships among phenomena
validity Accuracy, the extent to which a test or study measures what it is supposed to measure
variable A quality of interest or concepts that can be manipulated, observed or studied
LEARNING TASKS
Activity 1: What is Research?
Direction: Determine further the meaning and function of research by reading the paragraphs below. In doing so, arrange the
jumbled letters of some terms to understand research even better.
When researchers are interested in examining a problem using a scientific approach, it is said that they are doing a (1.) S A R R
E E C H. The people who are being studied are called (2.) B U J E C T S. The person who oversees the research is called the (3.) P
R I N C E L I P investigator. The building blocks of theories are called (4.) C E P C O N T S.
An abstract generalization that presents a systematic representation about relationships among phenomena is called a (5.) H E R
O Y T. The concepts that are studied are called (6.) B A R I A L E V. The concept that is being studied that usually that usually indicates
the influence or cause is called the (7.) D E N T I N P E E N D variable. The concept that the researcher is most interested in
understanding is called the (8.) T E E N N P E D D variable. Variables that may influence or contaminate the data are called (9.) E O
U T S X A E R N variables. If the group that is being studied is very different or varied, the group is said to be (10.) G E N E S H E R O T
E O U while groups that are very similar are called (11.) H O O M N E E G O U S groups. When studying variables, definitions must be
clarified. A variable such as anxiety may be defined as a feeling of uneasiness; this is called a (12.) C E P T A L C U O N definition. To
measure anxiety, the State-Traite Anxiety Scale might be used.
A (13.) S Y S I T H E P H O is a statement written by the researcher that states the relationship among or between variables. There are
two major categories for research designs. One design, the (14.) Q U A I N T V A I E T T approach uses data that has numerical
representation or values. The second design, (15.) Q U A I L V E A T T I, uses narrative data. (16.) D E D U C E V I T reasoning is the basis
for quantitative approach. The bond or connection between two variables is called a (17.) O R I E N T A L H I P S. Research that is
conducted to generate knowledge that influences or improves practice is called (18.) D E A L I P P research. Research that tests
theories is known as (19.) A S C I B research.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. It addresses how the study will be narrowed in scope. a. ABSTRACT
2. Structured sets of questions on specified subjects that are used to gather info. b. DELIMITATION
3. The arithmetic average c. CONTROL GROUP
4. The basic, dictionary meaning d. QUESTIONNAIRE
5. A brief, overview of a research study e. DATA
6. Refers to how a word is used in a study f. CONSTITUTIVE DEFINITION
7. In experiments, the one that does not get the treatment g. DESCRIPTIVE STUDY
8. Information; can be number or words h. EXPERIMENT
9. The one that gets the treatment i. EXPERIMENTAL GROUP
10. Research design that describes ”what is” j. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
11. A research design used to find “ cause-effect” relationships k. MEAN
12. The variable the researcher is manipulating l. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION