MI 3281 WR Analyser

Instruction manual
Ver.1.3.3, code no. 20753098
Distributor:

Manufacturer:

Metrel d.o.o.
Ljubljanska cesta 77
SI-1354 Horjul
e-mail: [email protected]
https://www.metrel.si

DATA BACKUP AND LOSS:

regularly backup and validate the integrity of backups of the data. METREL HAS NO OBLIGATION
OR LIABILITY FOR ANY LOSS, ALTERATION, DESTRUCTION, DAMAGE, CORRUPTION OR
RECOVERY OF USER DATA, REGARDLESS OF WHERE THE DATA IS STORED.

Mark on your equipment certifies that it meets requirements of all subjected EU

regulations.

Hereby, Metrel d.o.o. declares that the MI 3281 is in compliance with

Directive 2014/53/EU (RED) and all other subjected EU directive. The full text
of the EU declaration of conformity is available at the following internet
address https://www.metrel.si/DoC.

Mark on your equipment certifies that it meets requirements of all subjected UK

regulations.

Hereby, Metrel d.o.o. declares that the MI 3281 is in compliance with Radio
Equipment Regulations 2017 and all other subjected UK regulations. The full
text of the UK declaration of conformity is available at the following
internet address https://www.metrel.si/UK-DoC.

© Metrel d.o.o.

Published: 03/2023

No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means without
permission in writing from Metrel.

2
MI 3281 WR Analyser About

i. About the Instruction manual

• This Instruction manual contains detailed information on the WR Analyser, its key
features, functionalities and use.
• It is intended for technically qualified personnel responsible for the product and its
use.
• Please note that LCD screenshots in this document may differ from the actual
instrument screens in details due to firmware variations and modifications.
• Metrel reserve the right to make technical modifications without notice as part of
the further development of the product.

3
MI 3281 WR Analyser Table of contents

1 General Description ........................................................................................................... 8

1.1 Features ....................................................................................................................... 8
2 Safety and operational considerations ............................................................................... 9
2.1 Warnings and notes....................................................................................................... 9
2.2 Standards applied ....................................................................................................... 10
2.3 Emergency stop procedure ........................................................................................... 11
3 Terms and definitions ..................................................................................................... 12
4 Instrument description ................................................................................................... 14
4.1 Instrument casing ....................................................................................................... 14
4.2 .......................................................................................................... 14
5 Accessories..................................................................................................................... 16
5.1 Standard set ............................................................................................................... 16
5.2 Optional accessories .................................................................................................... 17
6 Instrument operation ...................................................................................................... 18
6.1 General meaning of keys .............................................................................................. 18
6.2 General meaning of touch gestures ............................................................................... 18
6.3 Virtual keyboard .......................................................................................................... 19
6.4 Display and sound ....................................................................................................... 19
6.4.1 Time indication ................................................................................................... 19
6.4.2 Messages ............................................................................................................ 19
6.4.3 Help screens ........................................................................................................ 22
7 Main menu ..................................................................................................................... 23
7.1 Instruments main menu .............................................................................................. 23
8 General Settings ............................................................................................................. 24
8.1 Language.................................................................................................................... 24
8.2 Date and time ............................................................................................................. 25
8.3 User Accounts ............................................................................................................. 25
8.4 Instrument profiles...................................................................................................... 26
8.5 Settings ..................................................................................................................... 27
8.6 Bluetooth initialization ................................................................................................ 27
8.7 Initial Settings ............................................................................................................ 28
8.8 About ......................................................................................................................... 28
8.9 Auto Sequence® groups ............................................................................................... 28
8.9.1 Auto Sequence groups menu ................................................................................ 29
8.9.2 Operations in Auto Sequence groups menu: ........................................................... 29
8.9.3 Selecting a list of Auto Sequences ......................................................................... 29
8.9.4 Deleting a list of Auto Sequences .......................................................................... 30
8.10 Workspace manager .................................................................................................... 30
8.10.1 Workspaces and Exports ...................................................................................... 31
8.10.2 Workspace Manager main menu ........................................................................... 31

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MI 3281 WR Analyser Table of contents

8.10.3 Operations with Workspaces ................................................................................ 31

8.10.4 Operations with Exports ....................................................................................... 32
8.10.5 Adding a new Workspace...................................................................................... 32
8.10.6 Opening a Workspace........................................................................................... 33
8.10.7 Deleting a Workspace / Export .............................................................................. 34
8.10.8 Importing a Workspace ........................................................................................ 35
8.10.9 Exporting a Workspace ......................................................................................... 35
9 Memory Organizer .......................................................................................................... 37
9.1 Memory Organizer menu .............................................................................................. 37
9.1.1 Measurement statuses ........................................................................................ 37
9.1.2 Structure items ................................................................................................... 38
9.1.3 Measurement status indication under the Structure item ........................................ 38
9.1.4 Selecting an active Workspace in Memory Organizer ............................................... 39
9.1.5 Adding Nodes in Memory Organizer ....................................................................... 40
9.1.6 Operations in Tree menu ...................................................................................... 40
9.1.6.1 Operations on measurements (finished or empty measurements) ........................ 41
9.1.6.2 Operations on Structure items .......................................................................... 41
9.1.6.3 View / Edit parameters and attachments of a Structure ...................................... 43
9.1.6.4 Add a new Structure item ................................................................................. 44
9.1.6.5 Add a new measurement.................................................................................. 45
9.1.6.6 Clone a Structure item ..................................................................................... 46
9.1.6.7 Clone a measurement ...................................................................................... 47
9.1.6.8 Copy & Paste a Structure item .......................................................................... 47
9.1.6.9 Cloning and Pasting sub-elements of selected structure item .............................. 48
9.1.6.10 Copy & Paste a measurement ........................................................................... 49
9.1.6.11 Cut & Paste a Structure item with sub-items...................................................... 49
9.1.6.12 Delete a Structure item .................................................................................... 50
9.1.6.13 Delete a measurement ..................................................................................... 51
9.1.6.14 Rename a Structure item ................................................................................. 51
9.1.6.15 Recall and Retest selected measurement .......................................................... 52
9.1.7 Searching in Memory Organizer ............................................................................. 53
10 Single tests .................................................................................................................... 56
10.1 Selection modes .......................................................................................................... 56
10.1.1 Single test screens ............................................................................................... 56
10.1.2 Single test start screen......................................................................................... 58
10.1.3 Setting parameters and limits of single tests ......................................................... 58
10.1.4 Setting parameters through scrollable list .............................................................. 59
10.1.5 Setting parameters through keyboard.................................................................... 60
10.1.6 Single test screen during test ................................................................................ 61
10.1.7 Single test result screen ....................................................................................... 62
10.1.8 Graph view .......................................................................................................... 63
10.1.9 Recall single test result screen .............................................................................. 64
10.1.10 Single test (Visual Test) screens ............................................................................ 65
10.1.11 Single test (Visual Test) start screen...................................................................... 65
10.1.12 Single test (Visual Test) screen during test ............................................................. 66
10.1.13 Single test (Visual Test) result screen .................................................................... 67
10.1.14 Single test (Visual Test) memory screen................................................................. 68
11 Tests and Measurements ................................................................................................. 69

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MI 3281 WR Analyser Table of contents

11.1 Visual tests................................................................................................................. 69

11.2 Winding resistance ...................................................................................................... 71
11.2.1 Single-phase transformers ................................................................................... 71
11.2.1.1 Temperature conversion ................................................................................... 74
11.2.2 Three-phase transformers .................................................................................... 76
11.2.2.1 Testing, connection and results ........................................................................ 78
11.3 Winding resistance with tap changer ............................................................................. 82
11.3.1 Single-phase transformers with tap changer .......................................................... 82
11.3.1.1 Single-phase transformers with OLTC................................................................ 84
11.3.1.2 Single-phase transformers with NLTC ............................................................... 86
11.3.2 Three-phase transformers with tap changer ........................................................... 87
11.3.2.1 Three-phase transformers with OLTC ................................................................ 89
11.3.2.2 Three-phase transformers with NLTC ................................................................ 92
11.4 Demagnetization......................................................................................................... 93
11.4.1 Single-phase demagnetization ............................................................................. 94
11.4.2 Three-phase demagnetization .............................................................................. 96
12 Auto Sequences® .......................................................................................................... 100
12.1 Selection of Auto Sequences®..................................................................................... 100
12.1.1 Selecting an active Auto Sequence® group in Auto Sequences® menu ..................... 100
12.1.2 Searching in Auto Sequences® menu ................................................................... 101
12.1.3 Organization of Auto Sequences® in Auto Sequences® menu ................................. 102
12.2 Organization of an Auto Sequence® ............................................................................ 103
12.2.1 Auto Sequence® view menu ................................................................................ 103
12.2.1.1 Auto Sequence® view menu (measurement is selected) .................................... 103
12.2.2 Step by step executions of Auto Sequences® ........................................................ 104
12.2.3 Auto Sequence® result screen ............................................................................. 106
12.2.4 Auto Sequence® memory screen.......................................................................... 107
13 Communication ............................................................................................................ 108
14 Maintenance ................................................................................................................ 109
14.1 Cleaning ................................................................................................................... 109
14.2 Periodic calibration .................................................................................................... 109
14.3 Fuses ....................................................................................................................... 109
14.4 Service ..................................................................................................................... 109
14.5 Upgrading the instrument .......................................................................................... 110
15 Technical specifications ................................................................................................ 111
15.1 Winding resistance .................................................................................................... 111
15.2 General data ............................................................................................................. 112
16 Appendix A Structure items ........................................................................................ 114
17 Appendix B Vector groups ........................................................................................... 115
17.1 Vector groups of three-phase transformer ................................................................... 115
17.1.1 IEC vector groups ............................................................................................... 115
18 Appendix C Programming of Auto Sequences® on Metrel ES Manager ............................ 120
18.1 Auto Sequence Editor® workspace .............................................................................. 120
18.2 Managing groups of Auto Sequences® ......................................................................... 121
18.2.1 Auto Sequence® Name, Description and Image editing .......................................... 123
18.2.2 Search within selected Auto Sequence® group ...................................................... 123

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MI 3281 WR Analyser Table of contents

18.3 Elements of an Auto Sequence® ................................................................................. 124

18.3.1 Auto Sequence® steps ........................................................................................ 124
18.3.2 Single tests ....................................................................................................... 124
18.3.3 Flow commands ................................................................................................ 124
18.3.4 Number of measurement steps ........................................................................... 124
18.4 Creating / modifying an Auto Sequence® ..................................................................... 124
18.5 Description of flow commands.................................................................................... 125
18.6 Custom Inspections programming ............................................................................... 126
18.6.1 Creating and editing Custom Inspections ............................................................. 126
18.6.2 Applying Custom Inspections .............................................................................. 129

7
 MI 3281 WR Analyser General Description

1 General Description
1.1
WR Analyser (MI 3281) is a test instrument with IP protection: IP65 (case closed), IP40
(case open), intended for diagnosing of winding resistance of single and three phase
transformers.

Available functions and features offered by the Winding Resistance Analyser:

• Winding resistance measurement of single and three phase transformer
• Winding resistance measurement of single and three phase transformer with manual
or automatic tap changer test
• Demagnetization of single and three phase transformer
• Auto Sequence®
• Visual Test
• Memory Organizer

A 4.3'' (10.9 cm) colour LCD display with touch screen offers easy-to-read results and all
associated parameters. The operation is straightforward and clear to enable the user to
operate the instrument without the need for special training (except reading and
understanding this Instruction Manual).
Test results can be stored on the instrument. PC software that is supplied as a part of
standard set, enables transfer of measured results to PC where can be analysed or printed.

8
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Safety and operational considerations

2 Safety and operational considerations

2.1
In order to maintain the highest level of operator safety while carrying out various tests and
measurements Metrel recommends keeping your MI 3281 WR Analyser instruments in good
condition and undamaged. When using the instrument, consider the following general
warnings:

• The symbol on the instrument means »Read the Instruction manual with
special care for safe operation«. The symbol requires an action!
• If the test equipment is used in a manner not specified in this Instruction manual,
the protection provided by the equipment could be impaired!
• Read this Instruction manual carefully, otherwise the use of the instrument may be
dangerous for the operator, the instrument or for the equipment under test!
• Do not use the instrument or any of the accessories if any damage is noticed!
• Consider all generally known precautions in order to avoid risk of electric shock
while dealing with hazardous voltages!
• Do not connect the instrument to a mains voltage different from the one defined on
the label adjacent to the mains connector, otherwise the instrument may be
damaged and safety impaired.
• Do not connect the instrument to an energized transformer!
• Make sure that the air intake and air outlet ventilation openings are open and clean
before operation. Do not cover it! This can lead to overheating.
• Service intervention or adjustment is only allowed to be carried out by competent
authorized personnel!
• Use only standard or optional test accessories supplied by your distributor!
• Do not use the equipment in a wet environment, around explosive gas, vapour.

Markings on the instrument:

• Read the Instruction manual with special care to safety operation«. The
symbol requires an action!

• Surface near this sign can overheat. Do not touch during operation!

• Emergency stop switch. Press in case of any emergency!

• Mark on your equipment certifies that this equipment meets
requirements of all subjected EU regulations.

• Mark on your equipment certifies that this equipment meets

requirements of all subjected UK regulations.

9
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Safety and operational considerations

• This equipment shall be recycled as electronic waste.

Warnings related to measurement functions:

Working with the instrument

• Make sure that the tested object is disconnected (from mains and from the load)
before you connect any MI 3281 clips to the test object! One side of earth connection
can remain connected.
• Always connect accessories to the instrument and to the test object before starting
measurement. Do not touch test leads or crocodile clips during measurement.
• Do not touch any conductive parts of equipment under test during the test. There is a
risk of electric shock!
• Do not connect test terminals to an external voltage higher than 50 V DC or AC (CAT IV
environment) to prevent any damage to the test instrument!

Handling with inductive loads

• Note that large inductances (transformers) can store large amount of energy, which
can lead to hazardous electric shock and equipment damage if disconnected during
measurement.
• Never touch the measured object during testing until it is totally discharged.
• After all the measurements are done, demagnetization of transformer should be
performed, to avoid high inrush currents.

2.2
The WR Analyser instrument is manufactured and tested in accordance with the following
regulations:

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)

EN 61326 - 1 Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use -
EMC requirements Part 1: General requirements

Safety (LVD)
EN 61010 - 1 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control
and laboratory use Part 1: General requirements
EN 61010 - 2 - 030 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control
and laboratory use Part 2-030: Particular requirements for testing and
measuring circuits
EN 61010 - 031 Safety requirements for hand-held probe assemblies for electrical
measurement and test.

10
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Safety and operational considerations

Some further recommendations

IEC 60076-1 Power transformers Part 1: General
IEEE C57.12.90 Standard Test Code for Liquid-Immersed Distribution, Power, and
Regulating Transformers
IEC 61869-2 Instrument transformers Part 2: Additional requirements for current
transformers

Note about EN and IEC standards

• Text of this manual contains references to European standards. All standards of EN
6XXXX (e.g. EN 61010) series are equivalent to IEC standards with the same number
(e.g. IEC 61010) and differ only in amended parts required by European harmonization
procedure.

2.3
Emergency stop switch shall be used in case of any emergency situations.

Press EMERGENCY STOP switch to instantly Stop the measurement. The measurement will
stop and immediately begin to discharge the transformer. Turn the switch clockwise to
release it.

In case of any instrument failure, press EMERGENCY STOP switch and leave the instrument
for at least half an hour before unplugging it from mains and from the transformer. It is
recommended to unplug the test connectors on instrument first and then remove the clips
from the transformer. Instrument shall be sent to authorized service.

11
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Terms and definitions

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document and instrument MI 3281 WR Analyser, the following
definitions apply.

Index Unit Description

RH [Ω] Winding resistance of high voltage winding (H) of single phase
transformer
RX [Ω] Winding resistance of low voltage winding (X) of single phase
transformer
10 [Ω] RH: Winding resistance of high voltage side (H) of three phase
transformer, measured between H1 and H0
RX: Winding resistance of low voltage side (X) of three phase
transformer, measured between X1 and X0
20 [Ω] RH: Winding resistance of high voltage side (H) of three phase
transformer, measured between H2 and H0
RX: Winding resistance of low voltage side (X) of three phase
transformer, measured between X2 and X0
30 [Ω] RH: Winding resistance of high voltage side (H) of three phase
transformer, measured between H3 and H0
RX: Winding resistance of low voltage side (X) of three phase
transformer, measured between X3 and X0
12 [Ω] RH: Winding resistance of high voltage side (H) of three phase
transformer, measured between H1 and H2
RX: Winding resistance of low voltage side (X) of three phase
transformer, measured between X1 and X2
23 [Ω] RH: Winding resistance of high voltage side (H) of three phase
transformer, measured between H2 and H3
RX: Winding resistance of low voltage side (X) of three phase
transformer, measured between X2 and X3
31 [Ω] RH: Winding resistance of high voltage side (H) of three phase
transformer, measured between H3 and H1
RX: Winding resistance of low voltage side (X) of three phase
transformer, measured between X3 and X1
A [Ω] RH: Phase A winding resistance of high voltage side (H) of three
phase transformer
a [Ω] RX: Phase a winding resistance of low voltage side (X) of three
phase transformer
B [Ω] RH: Phase B winding resistance of high voltage side (H) of three
phase transformer
b [Ω] RX: Phase b winding resistance of low voltage side (X) of three
phase transformer
C [Ω] RH: Phase C winding resistance of high voltage side (H) of three
phase transformer
c [Ω] RX: Phase c winding resistance of low voltage side (X) of three
phase transformer

12
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Terms and definitions

Designation of the terminals:

• H - terminal for high voltage transformer windings (H);
• X - terminal for low voltage transformer winding (X).

13
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Instrument description

4 Instrument description
4.1
The instrument is housed in a plastic box that maintains the protection class defined in the
general specifications.

4.2

Operator's panel

1 TEMP 1, TEMP 2 Temperature sensor terminals 1 and 2 (DB-9) (not

supported)
2 Colour TFT display with touch screen
3 TAP CHANGER Remote / Tap changer terminal (DB-9)
4 Air intake ventilation opening
5 H Test terminal H (high voltage side of a transformer)
6 X Test terminal X (low voltage side of a transformer)
7 OUTPUT Test operation indicator
8 Keypad (see section General meaning of keys)

14
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Instrument description

9 EMERGENCY STOP Emergency stop switch

10 POWER Power on / off switch
11 Mains supply connector
12 Fuses (2 x T6.3 A / 250 V)
13 USB Communication port (standard USB connector - type B)
14 Air outlet ventilation opening
Warnings!
• Maximum allowed voltage between any test terminal and ground is 50 V!
• Use original test accessories only!

15
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Accessories

5 Accessories
The accessories consist of standard and optional accessories. Optional accessories can be
delivered upon request. See attached list for standard configuration and options or contact
your distributor or see the METREL home page: https://www.metrel.si.

5.1
Code Application notes

1 x Instrument WR
MI 3281
Analyser

1 x H-side test cable with

A 1715
leads (5 m)

1 x X-side test cable with

A 1716
leads (5 m)

8 x Large Kelvin test

A 1593
crocodiles

1 x Tap changer control

A 1813
cable

Other accessories:
• Mains cable
• USB cable
• Bag for accessories
• PC SW Metrel ES Manager
• Instruction manual
• Calibration certificate

16
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Accessories

5.2
See the attached sheet for a list of optional accessories that are available on request from
your distributor.

17
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Instrument operation

6 Instrument operation
The MI 3281 WR Analyser instrument can be manipulated via a keypad or touch screen.

6.1
Cursor keys are used to:
• select appropriate option;
• decrease, increase the selected parameter.
Enter key is used to:
• confirm selected option.
Escape key is used to:
• return to previous menu without changes;
• abort measurement.
• instrument hard reset (hold key for 6 s or more).
Tab key is used to:
• expand column in control panel.
Run key is used to:
• start and stop the measurements.
Emergency stop switch is used to:
• immediately stop the measurement in case of any emergency.

6.2
Tap (briefly touch surface with fingertip) is used to:
• select appropriate option;
• confirm selected option;
• start and stop measurements.
Swipe (press, move, lift) up/ down is used to:
• scroll content in same level;
• navigate between views in same level.
Long press (touch surface with fingertip for at least 1 s) is used to:
• select additional keys (virtual keyboard).

Tap Escape icon is used to:

• return to previous menu without changes;
• abort measurements.

18
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Instrument operation

6.3

Virtual keyboard - keypad

Options
Toggle case between lowercase and uppercase.

Backspace
Clears last character or all characters if selected.
(If held for 2 s, all characters are selected).
Enter confirms new text.

Activates numeric / symbols layout.

Activates alphabetic characters.

English keyboard layout.

Greek keyboard layout.

Russian keyboard layout.

Returns to the previous menu without changes.

6.4
6.4.1 Time indication
Time indication (hh:mm).

6.4.2Messages
In the message field warnings and messages are displayed.
Conditions on the input terminals allow starting the measurement;
consider other displayed warnings and messages.

19
MI 3281 WR Analyser Instrument operation

Conditions on the input terminals do not allow starting the

measurement, consider displayed warnings and messages.
Start the measurement step.

Stop the measurement.

Accept the measuring result and proceed to next measurement step.

Result(s) can be stored.

Add / view comment.

Opens menu for changing parameters and limits.

Plot edit.

Next tap / increase graph range.

Previous tap / decrease graph range.

Previous screen view / move cursor left.

Next screen view / move cursor right.

Opens help screen.

Views results of measurement.

Pass ticker in Visual test.

Fail ticker in Visual test.

Clear ticker in Visual test.

Checked ticker in Visual test.

Expands control panel / open more options.

Measurement is running, consider displayed warnings.

No connection. At least H or X one testing clip is not connected to the

Thermal shutdown detected. Instrument is over-heating.

20
MI 3281 WR Analyser Instrument operation

Emergency stop switch has been pressed during the measurement.

IT earthing / centre tapped system or PE is not connected

In start-up procedure, instrument check the PE connection.
Possible causes:
• Instrument is connected to a IT earthing or centre tapped
system. Select YES to confirm.
• Instrument is not connected to a PE. Select No, to enter
instrument main menu. Measurements will not be
available.

Emergency switch has been pressed

In case of any emergency, operator shall immediately press
emergency stop switch.
Instrument will safely shut down all current generators and
safely discharge the transformer.

Emergency switch has been released

After releasing the emergency stop button, second
conformation is needed. Select OK to continue.

Thermal shutdown detected

Instrument overheating is detected.
Instrument will safely shut down all current generators and
safely discharge the transformer.
Wait for the instrument to cool down.
Contact check fail
Contact check, before the measurement, has detected bad or
no connection.
Consider possible faults that are suggested on display.

Connection check fail

Connection check, before the measurement, has detected bad
or no connection.
Consider possible faults that are suggested on display.

Message window
PASS measurement result indication.

FAIL measurement result indication.

21
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Instrument operation

6.4.3Help screens
Opens help screen.

Help menus are available in all functions. The Help menu contains schematic diagrams for
illustrating proper connection of the instrument to the test object. After selecting the
measurement to be performed, tap on question mark in order to view the associated Help
menu.

Selects previous / next help screen.

on

Exits help menu.

Examples of help screens for single phase transformer and for three phase transformer.

Help screen Connection of 1 phase Help screen Connection of 3 phase

transformer transformer with TAP changer

22
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Main menu

7 Main menu
7.1

From the instrument Main Menu four main operation menus can be selected.

Main menu

Single Tests Menu for selecting single tests

Auto Sequences® Menu for selecting Auto sequences
Memory Organizer Menu for working with structured test
objects and measurements
General Settings Menu for setup of the instrument

23
 MI 3281 WR Analyser General Settings

8 General Settings
In the General Settings menu general parameters and settings of the instrument can be
viewed or set.

General Settings menu

Options in General Settings menu

Language selection

Setting date and time

Managing project files

Manipulating lists of Auto Sequence®

Managing user accounts

Instrument Profiles

Setting different system and measuring parameters

Bluetooth initialization

Factory settings

Instrument data

8.1
In this menu the language of the instrument can be set.

24
 MI 3281 WR Analyser General Settings

Language selection menu

8.2
In this menu date and time of the instrument can be set.

Date / Time menu

8.3
The instrument has a User Accounts system. Following actions can be managed:
• Setting if signing in to work with the instrument is required or not.
• Adding and deleting new users, setting their user names and passwords.
• Setting the password for allowing Blackbox operation. See Blackbox operation for
more information.

Default passwords
The default account manager password
Second account This password is delivered with the instrument and always unlocks the
manager Account manager
password
Empty (disabled) Default password for Blackbox operation

Note
• If a user account is set and the user is signed in the user's name will be stored for
each measurement.

25
 MI 3281 WR Analyser General Settings

Sign in as user: Select User, Sign in, change

user Password.

Sign in as administrator: Select Account

manager, set account manager Password.

User sign out: select Sign out

Change user password (individual users can

change their password): Select Change
password, set new password.

Account manager sign out: is automatic by

exiting the Account manager menu.

8.4
In this menu the instrument profile can be selected from the available ones.

Profile selection menu

The instrument uses different specific system and measuring settings regarding to the scope
of work or country it is used. These specific settings are stored in instrument profiles.
By default, each instrument has at least one profile activated. Proper licence keys must be
obtained to add more profiles to the instruments.
If different profiles are available, they can be selected in this menu.

Options
Loads the selected profile. The instrument will restart
automatically with new profile loaded.
Deletes the selected profile.

26
 MI 3281 WR Analyser General Settings

Before deleting the selected profile user is asked for

confirmation.

Expands control panel / open more options.

8.5
In this menu different general parameters can be set.

Settings menu

Available selection Description

Touch screen [ON, OFF] Enables / disables operation
with touch screen.
Keys & touch sound [ON, OFF] Enables / disables sound
when using keys and touch
screen.

8.6
In this menu the Bluetooth module can be reset.

Bluetooth initialization menu

27
 MI 3281 WR Analyser General Settings

8.7
In this menu the instrument settings, measurement parameters and limits can be set to
initial (factory) values.

Initial Settings confirmation screen

Warning!
Following customized settings will be lost when setting the instruments to initial settings:
• Measurement limits and parameters.
• Parameters and settings in General settings menu.
• Applying the initial settings will re-boot the instrument.

Notes
Following customized settings will stay:
• Profile settings.
• Data in memory.

8.8
In this menu instrument data (name, serial number, firmware (FW) and hardware (HW)
version, FW profile, hardware documentation (HD) version and date of calibration) can be
viewed.

About screen

8.9
Auto Sequences® are preprogrammed sequences of measurements. The Auto Sequences can
be pre-programmed on PC with the Metrel ES Manager software and uploaded to the
instrument. On the instrument parameters and limits of individual single test in the Auto
Sequence can be changed / set.

28
 MI 3281 WR Analyser General Settings

8.9.1 Auto Sequence groups menu

In Auto Sequence groups menu lists of Auto Sequences are displayed. Only one list can be
opened in the instrument at the same time. The list selected in the Auto Sequence groups
menu will be opened in the Auto Sequence main menu.

Auto Sequence groups menu

8.9.2 Operations in Auto Sequence groups menu:

Options
Opens the selected list of Auto Sequence. Previously selected list of Auto
Sequences will be closed automatically.
Deletes the selected list of Auto Sequences.

Opens options in control panel / expands column.

8.9.3 Selecting a list of Auto Sequences

Procedure
① A list of Auto Sequences can be selected
from the Auto Sequence groups menu.

② Enters option for selecting a list.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser General Settings

Selected list of Auto Sequence is marked

with a blue dot.

Note
Previously selected list of Auto Sequence
is closed automatically.

8.9.4 Deleting a list of Auto Sequences

Procedure
① A list of Auto Sequence to be deleted can
be selected from the Auto Sequence
groups menu.

② Enters option for deleting a list.

Before deleting the selected list of Auto

Sequence the user is asked for
confirmation.

③ A list of Auto Sequence is deleted.

8.10
The Workspace Manager is intended to manage with different Workspaces and Exports that
are stored into internal data memory.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser General Settings

8.10.1 Workspaces and Exports

The works with MI 3281 can be organized and structured with help of Workspaces and
Exports. Exports and Workspaces contain all relevant data (measurements, parameters,
limits, structure objects) of an individual work.
Workspaces are stored on internal data memory on directory WORKSPACES, while Exports
are stored on directory EXPORTS. Export files can be read by Metrel applications that run on
other devices. Exports are suitable for making backups of important works. To work on the
instrument an Export should be imported first from the list of Exports and converted to a
Workspace. To be stored as Export data a Workspace should be exported first from the list of
Workspaces and converted to an Export.

8.10.2 Workspace Manager main menu

In Workspace manager Workspaces and Exports are displayed in two separated lists.

Workspace Manager menu - Header Workspace Manager menu - Workspace

selected selected

Options
List of Workspaces.
Displays a list of Exports.

Adds a new Workspace.

List of Exports.
Displays a list of Workspaces.

8.10.3 Operations with Workspaces

Only one Workspace can be opened in the instrument at the same time. The Workspace
selected in the Workspace Manager will be opened in the Memory Organizer.

31
MI 3281 WR Analyser General Settings

Workspaces menu

Options
Marks the opened Workspace in Memory Organizer.
Opens the selected Workspace in Memory Organizer.
Deletes the selected Workspace.

Adds a new Workspace.

Exports a Workspace to an Export.

8.10.4 Operations with Exports

Exports menu

Options
Deletes the selected Export.

Imports a new Workspace from Export.

8.10.5 Adding a new Workspace

Procedure

32
MI 3281 WR Analyser General Settings

① New Workspaces can be added from the

Workspace Manager screen.

② Enters option for adding a new

Workspace.
Keypad for entering name of a new
Workspace is displayed after selecting
New.

③ After confirmation a new Workspace is

added in the list in Main Workspace
Manager menu.

8.10.6 Opening a Workspace

Procedure
① Workspace can be selected from a list in
Workspace manager screen.

② Opens a Workspace in Workspace

manager.

33
MI 3281 WR Analyser General Settings

The opened Workspace is marked with a

blue dot. The previously opened
Workspace will close automatically.

8.10.7 Deleting a Workspace / Export

Procedure
① Workspace / Export to be deleted should
be selected from the list of Workspaces /
Exports.

② Enters option for deleting a Workspace /

Export.
Before deleting the selected Workspace /
Export the user is asked for confirmation.

③ Workspace / Export is removed from the

Workspace / Export list.

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MI 3281 WR Analyser General Settings

8.10.8 Importing a Workspace

① Select an Export file to be imported from
Workspace Manager Export list.

② Enters option Import.

Before the import of the selected file the

user is asked for confirmation.

③ The Imported Export file is added to the

list of Workspaces.

Note
• If a Workspace with the same
name already exists the name of
the imported Workspace will be
changed (name_001, name_002,

8.10.9 Exporting a Workspace

① Select a Workspace from Workspace
manager list to be exported to an Export
file.

② Enters option Export.

35
MI 3281 WR Analyser General Settings

Before exporting the selected

Workspace, the user is asked for
confirmation.

③ Workspace is exported to Export file and

is added to the list of Exports.

Note
• If an Export file with the same
name already exists the name of
the Export file will be changed
(name_001, name_002, name_003,

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

9 Memory Organizer
Memory Organizer is a tool for storing and working with test data.

9.1
WR Analyser instrument has a multi-level structure. The hierarchy of Memory organizer in
the tree is shown below. The data is organized according to the Project, Location or Client
and object (Transformer). For more information, refer to chapter Structure objects.

Default tree structure and its hierarchy:

Memory Organizer - Tree structure and its hierarchy

9.1.1 Measurement statuses

Each measurement has:
• Name,
• Results,
• Main result status (Pass or Fail or no status),
• Limits and parameters.

A measurement can be a Single test or an Auto Sequence® test.

Statuses of single tests

Passed finished single test with test results.

Failed finished single test with test results.

Finished single test with test results and no status.

Empty single test without test results.

Overall statuses of Auto Sequence®

At least one single test in the Auto Sequence® passed and no
or single test failed.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

At least one single test in the Auto Sequence® failed.

or

At least one single test in the Auto Sequence® was carried out and
or there were no other passed or failed single tests.

Empty Auto Sequence® with empty single tests.

or

9.1.2 Structure items

Each Structure item has:
• an icon,
• a name and,
• parameters.

Optionally they can have:

• an indication of the status of the measurements under the Structure and a comment
or a file attached.

Structure item in tree menu

9.1.3 Measurement status indication under the Structure item

Overall status of measurements under each structure item /sub-item can be seen without
spreading tree menu. This feature is useful for quick evaluation of test status and as guidance
for measurements.

Options
There are no measurement results
under selected structure item.
Measurements should be made.

One or more measurement result(s)

under selected structure item has
failed.
Not all measurements under selected
structure item have been made yet.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

All measurements under selected

structure item are completed but one
or more measurement result(s) has
failed.

Note
• There is no status indication if all measurement results under each structure item
/sub-item have passed or if there is an empty structure item / sub-item (without
measurements).

9.1.4 Selecting an active Workspace in Memory Organizer

Memory Organizer and Workspace Manager are interconnected, so an active Workspace can
be selected also in the Memory Organizer menu.

Procedure
① Tap on the active Workspace header in
Memory Organizer menu.

② Select List of Workspaces in Control

panel.

③ Choose desired Workspace from a list of

Workspaces.

④ Use Select button to confirm selection.

39
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

⑤ New Workspace is selected and

displayed on the screen.

9.1.5 Adding Nodes in Memory Organizer

Structural Elements (Nodes) are used to ease organization of data in the Memory Organizer.
One Node is a must; others are optional and can be created or deleted freely.

Procedure
① Tap on the active Workspace header in
Memory Organizer menu.

② Select Add Structure in Control panel.

③ Press "Create" to confirm.

④ New Structure element (Node) is added.

9.1.6 Operations in Tree menu

In the Memory organizer different actions can be taken with help of the control panel at the
right side of the display. Possible actions depend on the selected element in the organizer.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

9.1.6.1 Operations on measurements (finished or empty measurements)

Memory Organizer - Finished measurement Memory Organizer - Empty measurement

selected selected

Options
Views results of measurement.
The instrument goes to the measurement memory screen.
Starts a new measurement.
The instrument goes to the measurement start screen.
Saves a measurement.
Saving of measurement on a position after the selected (empty or
finished) measurement.
Clones the measurement.
The selected measurement can be copied as an empty measurement
under the same Structure item. Refer to chapter Clone a measurement
for more information.
Copy & Paste a measurement.
The selected measurement can be copied and pasted as an empty

allowed. Refer to chapter Copy & Paste a measurement for more

information.
Adds a new measurement.
The instrument goes to the Menu for adding measurements. Refer to
chapter Add a new measurement for more information.
Views and edit comments.
The instrument displays comment attached to the selected
measurement or opens keypad for entering a new comment.
Deletes a measurement.
Selected Measurement can be deleted. User is asked for confirmation
before the deleting. Refer to chapter Delete a measurement for more
information.

9.1.6.2 Operations on Structure items

The structure item must be selected first.

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MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

Selected structure item in the Tree menu

Options
Starts a new measurement.
Type of measurement (Single test or Auto Sequence) should be selected
first. After proper type is selected, the instrument goes to Single Test or
Auto Sequence selection screen. Refer to chapters Selection modes and
Selection of Auto Sequence®.
Saves a measurement.
Saving of measurement under the selected Structure project.
View / edit parameters and attachments.
Parameters and attachments of the Structure items can be viewed or
edited.
Refer to chapter View / Edit parameters and attachments of a Structure
for more information.
Adds a new measurement.
The instrument goes to the menu for adding measurement into
structure. Refer to chapter Add a new measurement for more
information.
Adds a new Structure item.
A new Structure item can be added. Refer to chapter Add a new
Structure item for more information.
Attachments.
Name and link of attachment is displayed.
Clones a Structure.
Selected Structure can be copied to same level in structure tree (clone).
Refer to chapter Clone a Structure item for more information.
Copies & Paste a Structure.
Selected Structure can be copied and pasted to any allowed location in
Copy &
Paste a Structure item for more information.

Cut & Paste a Structure.

Selected Structure with child items (sub-structures and measurements)
can be moved to any allowed location in structure tree. Refer to chapter
Cut & Paste a Structure item with sub-items for more information.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

Views and edit comments.

The instrument displays comment attached to the selected Structure
item or opens keypad for entering a new comment.
Deletes a Structure item.
Selected Structure item and sub-items can be deleted. User is asked for
confirmation before the deleting. Refer to chapter Delete a Structure
item for more information.
Renames a Structure item.
Selected Structure item can be renamed via keypad. Refer to chapter
Rename a Structure item for more information.

9.1.6.3 View / Edit parameters and attachments of a Structure

The parameters and their content are displayed in this menu. To edit the selected parameter,
tap on it or press tab key followed by enter key to enter menu for editing parameters.

Procedure
① Select structure item to be edited.

② Select Parameters in Control panel.

③ Example of Parameters menu.

In menu for editing parameters the

dropdown list or entered via keypad.

Refer to chapter Instrument operation
for more information about keypad
operation.
②a Select Attachments in Control panel.

③a Attachments.

The name of attachment can be seen.

Operation with attachments is not
supported in the instrument.

②b Select Comments in Control panel.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

③b View or edit comments.

Complete comment (if exists) attached

to the structure item can be seen on the
screen.
Press Enter key or tap on screen to open
keypad for entering a new comment.

9.1.6.4 Add a new Structure item

This menu is intended to add new structure item in the tree menu. A new structure item can
be selected and then added in the tree menu.

Procedure
① Default initial structure.

② Select Add Structure in Control panel.

③ Add a new structure item menu.

③a Tap on a structure type selection

window.
A list of available structure items is
displayed. Select one from a list.
Arrow indicates the position where
structure item will be inserted.

Child item to the currently

selected structure item.
Structure item located in the
same level.
③b In menu for editing name and
parameters the parameter's value can be
selected from a drop-down list or
entered via keypad.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

④ Create new structure item.

⑤ New structure item added.

9.1.6.5 Add a new measurement

In this menu new empty measurements can be set and then added in the structure tree. The
type of measurement, measurement function and its parameters are first selected and then
added under the selected Structure item.

Procedure
① Select level in structure where
measurement will be added.

② Select Add measurement in Control

panel.

③ Add new measurement menu.

④a Type of test can be selected from this

field. Options: Single Tests, Auto
Sequences®. Tap on field or press the
enter key to modify.
④b Last added measurement is offered by
default. To select another measurement
tap on field or press enter to open menu
for selecting measurements.
④c Select parameter and modify it as
described earlier. Refer to chapter
Setting parameters and limits of single
tests for more information.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

⑤ Adds the measurement under the

selected Structure item in the tree menu.
Returns to the structure tree menu
without changes.
⑥ New empty measurement is added under
the selected Structure item.

9.1.6.6 Clone a Structure item

In this menu selected structure item can be copied (cloned) to same level in the structure
tree. Cloned structure item have same name as original.

Procedure
① Select the structure item to be cloned.

② Select Clone in Control panel.

③ The Clone Structure menu is displayed.

Sub-elements of the selected structure
item can be marked or un-marked for
cloning. Refer to chapter Cloning and
Pasting sub-elements of selected
structure item for more information.

④ Selected structure item is copied

(cloned) to same level in the structure
tree.
Cloning is cancelled. No changes in the
Structure tree.
⑤ The new cloned structure item is
displayed.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

9.1.6.7 Clone a measurement

By using this function a selected empty or finished measurement can be copied (cloned) as
an empty measurement to the same level in the structure tree. Parameters and limits of
cloned measurement are the same as they are set in original measurement. Its parameters /
limits can be changed before measurement is started.

Procedure
① Select the measurement to be cloned.

② Select Clone in Control panel.

③ A new empty measurement is displayed.

9.1.6.8 Copy & Paste a Structure item

In this menu selected Structure item can be copied and pasted to any allowed location in the
structure tree.

Procedure
① Select the structure item to be copied.

② Select Copy in Control panel.

47
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

③ Select location where structure item

should be copied.

④ Select Paste in Control panel.

⑤ The Paste structure menu is displayed.

Before copying it can be set which sub-
elements of the selected structure item
will be copied too. Refer to chapter
Cloning and Pasting sub-elements of
selected structure item for more
information.

⑥ The selected structure item and elements

are copied (pasted) to selected position
in the tree structure.
Returns to the tree menu without
changes.
⑦ The new structure item is displayed.

Note
• The Paste command can be
executed one or more times.

9.1.6.9 Cloning and Pasting sub-elements of selected structure item

When structure item is selected to be cloned, or copied & pasted, additional selection of its
sub-elements is needed. The following options are available:

Options
Parameters of selected structure item will be
cloned / pasted too.
Attachments of selected structure item will be
cloned / pasted too.
Structure items in sub-levels of selected structure
item (sub-structures) will be cloned / pasted too.
Measurements in selected structure item and sub-
levels (sub-structures) will be cloned / pasted too.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

9.1.6.10 Copy & Paste a measurement

In this menu selected measurement can be copied to any allowed location in the structure
tree.

Procedure
① Select the measurement to be copied.

② Select Copy in Control panel.

③ Select the location where measurement

should be pasted.

④ Select Paste in Control panel.

⑤ A new (empty) measurement is

displayed in selected Structure item.

Note
• The Paste command can be
executed one or more times.

9.1.6.11 Cut & Paste a Structure item with sub-items

In this menu selected Structure item with sub-items (sub-structures and measurements) can
be cut and pasted (moved) to any allowed location in the structure tree.

Procedure
① Select the structure item to be moved.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

② Select Cut in Control panel.

③ Select location where structure item

(with sub-structures and measurements)
should be moved.

④ Select Paste in Control panel.

⑤ The structure item (with sub-structures

and measurements) is moved to selected
new location and deleted from previous
location in the tree structure.

9.1.6.12 Delete a Structure item

In this menu selected Structure item can be deleted.

Procedure
① Select the structure item to be deleted.

② Select Delete in Control panel.

③ A confirmation window will appear.

④ Selected structure item and its sub-

elements are removed.
Returns to the tree menu without
changes.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

⑤ Structure without deleted structure

item.

9.1.6.13 Delete a measurement

In this menu selected measurement can be deleted.

Procedure
① Select a measurement to be deleted.

② Select Delete in Control panel.

③ A confirmation window will appear.

④ Selected measurement is deleted.

Returns to the tree menu without

changes.
⑤ Structure without deleted measurement.

9.1.6.14 Rename a Structure item

In this menu selected Structure item can be renamed.

Procedure

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MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

① Select the structure item to be renamed.

② Select Rename in Control panel.

Virtual keypad will appear on screen.

Enter new text and confirm.
Refer to chapter Virtual keyboard for
keypad operation.
③ Structure item with the modified name.

9.1.6.15 Recall and Retest selected measurement

Procedure
① Select the measurement to be recalled.

② Select Recall results in Control panel.

③ Measurement is recalled.

Parameters and limits can be viewed but

cannot be edited.

④ Select Retest in Control panel.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

⑤ Measurement retest starting screen is

displayed.

⑤a Parameters and limits can be viewed and

edited.

⑥ Select Run in Control panel to retest the

measurement.

⑦ Results / sub-results after re-run of

recalled measurement.

⑧ Select Save results in Control panel.

Retested measurement is saved under

same structure item as original one.
Refreshed memory structure with the
new performed measurement is
displayed.

9.1.7 Searching in Memory Organizer

In Memory organizer it is possible to search for different structure items and parameters.

Procedure
① Search function is available from the
active workspace directory line.

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MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

② Select Search in Control panel to open

Search setup menu.

③ The parameters that can be searched for

are displayed in the Search setup menu.

③a The search can be narrowed by entering a

text in the Name field.
Strings can be entered using the on-
screen keypad.

③b The search can be narrowed on base of

statuses.

Note
• If searching by status, instrument
will display all structure items that
include one or more measurements
with searched status.
③c Clear all search filters.

④ Searches trough the Memory Organizer

for structure items according to the set
filter.
The results are shown in the search
results screen.

Search result screen - Header selected Search result screen - Structure item
selected
Options

54
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Memory Organizer

Next page (if available).

Previous page (if available).

Goes to location in Memory Organizer.

View / edit parameters.

Parameters of the Structure items can be viewed or edited.
Refer to chapter View / Edit parameters and attachments of a Structure
for more information.
Attachments.
Name and link of attachment is displayed.
Views comment.
The instrument displays comment attached to the selected structure
item.
Renames the selected Structure item.
Refer to chapter Rename a Structure item for more information.

Note
• Search result page consist of up to 50 results.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Single tests

10 Single tests
Single measurements and tests can be selected in the main Single tests menu or in Memory
-menus.

10.1
In Single tests main menu three modes for selecting single tests are available.

Options
Groups

The single tests are divided into groups of similar

tests.

Last used

Last 9 made different single tests are displayed.

All

A single test can be selected from a list of all

single tests. The single tests are always displayed
in the same (default) order.

10.1.1 Single test screens

In the Single test screens measuring results, sub-results, limits and parameters of the
measurement are displayed. In addition, on-line statuses, warnings and other info are
displayed.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Single tests

Example of Single test measuring screen Example of Single test result screen

Single test screen organization

Main line:
• ESC touch key
• function name
• clock
Control panel (available options)

Parameters (white) and limits (red)

Result field:
• main result(s)
• sub-result(s)
• PASS / FAIL indication
• number of screens
Warning symbols and message field

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Single tests

10.1.2 Single test start screen

Example of Single test start screen

Options (before test, screen was opened in Memory organizer or Single test main menu):
Starts a new measurement.

or

Opens menu for changing parameters and limits of selected

measurement. Refer to chapter Setting parameters and limits of single
tests for more information how to change measurement parameters and
limits.
on

Opens previous screen.

Opens next screen.

Opens help screens.

10.1.3 Setting parameters and limits of single tests

Procedure
① Select the test or measurement.
The test can be entered from:
• Single tests menu or
• Memory organizer menu once the
empty measurement was created
under selected structure.

② Select Parameters in Control panel.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Single tests

Shortcut to Parameters & Limits menu.

on
③ Select parameter to be edited or limit to
be set.

Set parameter / limit value.

on or
③a Enter Set value menu.

on or

④ Accepts the new parameters and limit

or values.

10.1.4 Setting parameters through scrollable list

Most of parameters are settable through scrollable list.

Select the test or measurement.

The test can be entered from:
• Single tests menu or
• Memory organizer menu once the empty
measurement was created in selected object
structure.

Select Parameters in Control panel.

on
Select parameter to be edited or limit to be set.

59
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Single tests

Enter Set value menu.

on or

Set parameter value by selecting it from the list.

Accepts new parameter / limit value.

on or

Return to single test start screen.

10.1.5 Setting parameters through keyboard

Some parameters are settable through keyboard and they can have custom value:

Select the test or measurement.

The test can be entered from:
• Single tests menu or
• Memory organizer menu once the empty
measurement was created in selected object
structure.

Select Parameters in Control panel.

on
Select parameter to be edited.

60
 MI 3281 WR Analyser Single tests

Press to clear the field.

Press to confirm new entered value.

Return to single test start screen.

10.1.6 Single test screen during test

Example of Single test screen during Example of Single test screen during test
measurement

Options (when test is running):

Stops / aborts the measurement.

Proceeds to next step within the measurement (if measurement consists

of multiple steps).

Starts the next step measurement (if measurement consists of multiple

steps).

Increase Tap position value.

Decrease Tap position value.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Single tests

10.1.7 Single test result screen

Example of Single test result screen

Options (after measurement is finished)

Starts a new measurement.

Saves the result.

A new measurement was selected and started from a Structure item in the
structure tree:
• the measurement will be saved under the selected Structure item.
A new measurement was started from the Single test main menu:
• saving under the last selected Structure item will be offered by
default. The user can select another Structure item or create a new
Structure item.
• By pressing the key in Memory organizer menu the
measurement is saved under selected location.
An empty measurement was selected in structure tree and started:
• the result(s) will be added to the measurement. The measurement

An already carried out measurement was selected in structure tree, viewed

and then restarted:
• a new measurement will be saved under the selected Structure
item.
Opens menu for changing parameters and limits of selected
measurements. Refer to chapter Setting parameters and limits of single
tests for more information how to change measurement parameters and
limits.
on

Adds comment to a single test.

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MI 3281 WR Analyser Single tests

Opens previous screen.

Opens next screen.

Opens result screen at increased Tap position value.

Opens result screen at decreased Tap position value.

Same functionality as virtual arrow keys.

Enables Plot edit.

Refer to chapter Graph view for more information on options.
Opens help screens.

10.1.8 Graph view

Graph view Graph view - Cursor selected

Options
Plot edit.
Enables Control panel options for editing graphs.
Increases / decreases scale factor (y-axis)

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MI 3281 WR Analyser Single tests

Moves cursor to the previous / next Tap position (x-axis).

Selects cursor position (x-axis).

Exits from editing graphs.

10.1.9 Recall single test result screen

Example of Single test memory screen

Options
Retest.
Enters starting screen for a new measurement.

Opens menu for viewing / changing parameters and limits of selected

measurements. Refer to chapter Setting parameters and limits of
single tests for more information how to change measurement
parameters and limits.
on

Opens previous / next screen (if result consist of multiple screens).

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Single tests

Change Tap position.

Opens results screen at selected Tap position.

10.1.10 Single test (Visual Test) screens

Visual Test can be treated as a special class of tests. Items to be visually checked are
displayed. In addition on-line statuses and other information are displayed.

Legend
1 Visual test item /sub-item
2 Visual test name
3 Status fields
4 Options

Visual test

10.1.11 Single test (Visual Test) start screen

Visual test start screen

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Single tests

Options (before Visual Test, screen was opened in Memory organizer or from Single test
main menu)
Starts the Visual Test

Opens help screens.

10.1.12 Single test (Visual Test) screen during test

Visual test screen during test

Options (during test)

Selects item (complete Visual test, group of
items or particular item).

Applies a pass to the selected item or group

of items.
Applies a fail to the selected item or group of
items.
Clears status in selected item or group of
items.
Applies a status that item or group of items
was checked.
A status can be applied (toggle between
options).
on
Goes to the result screen.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Single tests

Rules for automatic applying of statuses

• The parent item(s) can automatically get a status on base of statuses in child items.
- The fail status has highest priority. A fail status for any item will result
in a fail status in all parent items and an overall fail result.
- If there is no fail status in child items, the parent item will get a status
only if all child items have a status.
- Pass status has priority over checked status.
• The child item(s) will automatically get a status on base of status in the parent item.
- All child items will get the same status as applied to the parent item.

Notes
• Visual tests and Visual test items can have different status types. Some Visual tests
don't have the "checked" status.
• Only Visual tests with overall statuses can be saved.

10.1.13 Single test (Visual Test) result screen

Example of Visual test result screen

Options (after Visual Test is finished)

Starts a new Visual Test.

Saves the result.

A new Visual Test was selected and started from a Structure item in the
structure tree:
• The Visual Test will be saved under the selected Structure item.
A new Visual Test was started from the Single test main menu:
• Saving under the last selected Structure item will be offered by
default. The user can select another Structure item or create a new

Structure item. By pressing the key in Memory organizer

menu the Visual Test is saved under selected location.
An empty Visual Test was selected in structure tree and started:

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MI 3281 WR Analyser Single tests

• The result(s) will be added to the Visual Test. The Visual Test will
change it
An already carried out Visual Test was selected in structure tree, viewed
and then restarted:
A new measurement will be saved under the selected Structure item.
Add comment to Visual test.

Opens help screens.

10.1.14 Single test (Visual Test) memory screen

Example of Visual test memory screen

Options
Retest.
Starts new Visual test.

Opens menu for viewing Visual test results.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Tests and Measurements

11 Tests and Measurements

11.1
Visual tests are used as guidance to maintain safety standards prior testing the
transformer. To use those visual tests please select VISUAL under Single tests. Visual tests
are prepared to make all safety checks before starting, during and after the transformer
tests.

Visual test start screen

Options
Pass

Fail

Clear

Checked

Safety Precautions Before Test

No. Description Values
1 Wearing dielectrically rated gloves, helmet and Pass/Fail/Clear/Checked
footwear.
Comment: To protect the user from electric shock it is
necessary for him/her to wear all necessary protection
equipment.
2 All transformer terminals are visually disconnected Pass/Fail/Clear/Checked
from the grid and loads.
Comment: Before starting the measurement, it is
necessary to visually check on all terminals, if the
transformer is disconnected from the grid and all
connected loads. Pay attention that the load can
become a voltage source.
3 The transformer is demagnetized and discharged. Pass/Fail/Clear/Checked
Comment: Eliminate all reasons that transformer can
start to generate voltage for whatever reason.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Tests and Measurements

4 The transformer is cooled down at least 3 hours after Pass/Fail/Clear/Checked

last used.
Comment: When measuring winding resistance this
must be done at known temperature, which is ambient
temperature. This is especially important for large
transformers.
5 The winding temperature is close to the ambient Pass/Fail/Clear/Checked
temperature.
Comment: If transformer is small, you can leave it
disconnected long enough for winding temperature to
reach the ambient temperature.
6 Connect all unused test leads to ground. Pass/Fail/Clear/Checked
Comment: Some of three phase transformers have
only 6 terminals, so 2 unused test leads must be
connected to ground.

Safety Hazards During Test

No. Description Values
1 Touching test leads or clips during testing can cause Pass/Fail/Clear/Checked
electric shock.
Comment: To protect the user from electric shock it is
necessary for him/her to wear all necessary protection
equipment.
2 Disconnecting test leads during testing can results in Pass/Fail/Clear/Checked
hazardous electric shock and equipment damage.
Comment: Before starting the measurement, it is
necessary to visually check on all terminals, if the
transformer is disconnected from the grid and all
connected loads. Pay attention that the load can
become a voltage source.

After Test Reminder

No. Description Values
1 All test leads promptly removed after the test is Pass/Fail/Clear/Checked
completed.
Comment:

Visual Test procedure:

• Select Visual function.
• Start the Visual Test.
• Perform the Visual Test.
• Apply appropriate ticker(s) to items.
• End Visual Test.
• Save results (optional).

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Visual test screen during test Example of Visual test result screen

11.2
The MI 3281 WR Analyzer is able to measure winding resistances of any voltage transformer
type, by applying a user selectable, stable DC test current up to 20 A, to the selected
winding(s). It supports the fully automatic measurement of all eight windings of a three-
phase transformer with only one wiring. The winding resistance measurements are divided
into two groups based on the transformer type as presented in the table below.

Winding resistance
Measuring results Side to measure Transformer type
measurement
Single-phase
Resistance (1 phase) RH, RX H, X, Both
transformer
R10, R20, R30
R12, R23, R31 Three-phase
Resistance (3 phases) H, X, Both
RA, RB, RC transformer
Ra, Rb, Rc

11.2.1 Single-phase transformers

Winding resistance of a single-phase transformer can be measured by selecting single test
Resistance (1 Phase). Single-phase transformer winding resistance testing is divided into two
parts: winding resistance measurement of a high voltage winding (H) and/ or of a low voltage
winding (X) regarding to parameter Side to measure. The complete test can be made by
setting parameter Side to measure to Both.

To measure high voltage side winding resistance of a single-phase transformer, connect H-

side test cable to H test connector and/ or to measure low voltage side winding resistance of
a single-phase transformer, connect X-side test cable to X test connector on the MI 3281 WR
Analyser. For single-phase transformer winding resistance measurement, only H0 black , H1
yellow wire terminals (high voltage side) and/ or X0 black , X1 yellow wire terminals (low
voltage side) are required. Use Kelvin test crocodiles and connect each pair of coloured wire
terminals to each crocodile. Use Kelvin test principle (one wire should be connected to
terminal on one handle, the second wire should be connected to terminal on the other handle
of Kelvin test crocodile. Orientation is not relevant. Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to the
transformer according to the figure below.

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Measuring connection of a 1-phase transformer

According to the application (transformer type or size) adequate test current should be
selected (10 mA to 20 A). Stability of the test results can be improved with higher test current
and with higher averaging.
During the measurement, a stable DC test current I is injected to the selected winding (H or
X) or to the both windings at the same time (H and X). After detecting steady state of winding

VH 1m − VH 0 m VX 1m − VX 0 m
RH = RX =
I dc I dc

Where:
VH1m - VH0m High voltage winding (H) voltage
VX1m - VX0m Low voltage winding (X) voltage
Idc Test DC current
RH High voltage winding (H) resistance
RX Low voltage winding (X) resistance

Measurement can be started from the Resistance (1 phase) measurement window, which is
presented below. Before carrying out a test the following parameters (Tap name, Side to
measure, Test Current, Average and Temp conversion parameters Reference temp,
Measured temp, Winding material and Material temp) can be edited.

Resistance (1 Phase) start screen

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Test parameters for single-phase transformer winding resistance measurement

TAP name Set TAP name: -
Side to measure Set windings to measure: H, X, Both1)
Test current Set test current: 10 mA, 100 mA, 1 A, 5 A, 10 A, 15 A, 20 A
Average 2) Set averaging: 5 s, 10 s, 30 s
Temp conversion Temperature conversion: Disable, Enable
Reference temp (If Temp conversion enabled) Reference temperature: 25 °C, 75 °C, 85 °C,
Custom value
Measured temp (If Temp conversion enabled) Measured temperature: Custom value
Winding (If Temp conversion enabled) Transformer winding material: Copper,
material Aluminium, Custom
Material temp (If Temp conversion enabled and Winding material set to custom)
Material reference temperature: Custom value
1) When Side to measure is set to Both, the same test current is injected to both windings,

at the same time. Winding resistance is measured sequentially in two steps.

2) Pre-defined value is 10 s.

Single-phase transformer winding resistance measurement procedure without

temperature conversion
• Connect H-side test cable to H socket and/or X-side test cable to X socket on MI 3281
WR Analyser.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to coloured wire terminals. Only H terminals with H0
black , H1 yellow wires and/or X terminals with X0 black , X1 yellow wires are
required for single-phase transformer winding resistance measurement. Each wire
terminal should be connected to separate handle terminal of Kelvin test crocodiles.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to the required transformer winding(s). See connection
figure above.
• Use Carbine clips with strings to secure test cables and Kelvin test crocodiles against
accidental disconnection (optional).
• Select Resistance (1 Phase) test function.
• Set TAP name (if measuring multiple TAP transformer).
• Set Side to measure. Set according to the test connection.
• Set Test current.
• Set Average.
• Set Temp conversion to disable.
• Press the Run key to start the measurement.
• After Connection test, test results are displayed on the screen. Wait until the
measurement automatically stops and discharge is finished.
• Save results (optional).
• Disconnect in reverse order.

During testing of the transformer, instantaneous current is shown on the screen. The
measurement screen is displaying current results, when the measurement is in progress.
When parameter Side to measure is set to Both, the same current is injected to high voltage

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and low voltage winding at the same time. Transformer is therefore charged only once while
the measurement time is reduced. Both winding resistances are measured sequentially in
two steps.

Resistance (1 Phase) screen during measurement

When the measurement is completed, the results are presented on the measurement screen.

Example of Resistance (1 Phase) result screen

Warning!
• Do not disconnect test leads during testing. Wait until results are shown on the
screen and discharge is finished. Removing test crocodiles prior that can result in
high voltage spike, potentially hazardous electric shock and a permanent damage of
testing equipment.

Notes
• Consider displayed warnings and messages, when starting the measurement!
• Test current should not be set to more than 10 % of transformers winding rated
current.
• Autotransformer windings should be connected and measured separately.

11.2.1.1 Temperature conversion

Cold winding resistances can be converted to a standard temperature. Conversion is
accomplished by:

Ts + Tk
Rs = Rm
Tm + Tk

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Tests and Measurements

Where:
Rs RH, RX Converted resistance at the desired temperature (Ts
Rm RH, RX (without
Temp conversion)
Ts Reference temp Desired reference temperature in °C
Tm Measured temp Temperature at which resistance was measured in °C
Tk Material temp is 234.5 °C for copper winding, 225 °C for aluminium winding or user
custom defined in °C

Single-phase transformer winding resistance measurement procedure with temperature

conversion
• Connect H-side test cable to H socket and/or X-side test cable to X socket on MI 3281
WR Analyser.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to coloured wire terminals. Only H terminals with H0
black , H1 yellow wires and/or X terminals with X0 black , X1 yellow wires are
required for single-phase transformer winding resistance measurement. Each wire
terminal should be connected to separate handle terminal of Kelvin test crocodiles.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to the required transformer winding(s). See connection
figure above.
• Use Carbine clips with strings to secure test cables and Kelvin test crocodiles against
accidental disconnection (optional).
• Select Resistance (1 Phase) test function.
• Set TAP name (if measuring multiple TAP transformer).
• Set Side to measure. Set according to the test connection.
• Set Test current.
• Set Average.
• Set Temp conversion to Enable (additional parameters will appear).
• Set Reference temp, Measured temp, Winding material and Material temp (if Winding
material is set to custom).
• Press the Run key to start the measurement.
• After Connection test, test results are displayed on the screen. Wait until the
measurement automatically stops and discharge is finished.
• Save results (optional).
• Disconnect in reverse order.

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When the measurement is completed, the results are presented on the measurement screen.
The presented winding resistance(s) is/are already converted to a desired reference
temperature.

Example of Resistance (1 Phase) measurement with

temperature conversion
Warning!
• Do not disconnect test leads during testing. Wait until results are shown on the
screen and discharge is finished. Removing test crocodiles prior that can result in
high voltage spike, potentially hazardous electric shock and a permanent damage of
testing equipment.

Notes
• Consider displayed warnings and messages when starting the measurement!
• Test current should not be set to more than 10 % of transformers winding rated
current.
• Autotransformer windings should be connected and measured separately.

11.2.2 Three-phase transformers

Winding resistance of three-phase transformer can be measured by selecting three-phase
winding resistance measurement - Resistance (3 Phases). Measurement parameterization
must start with selection of the IEC Vector Group, which is fundamental parameter. Make
sure it is set correctly or the results will be wrong or misleading. The Vector Group selection is
divided into two sections. First select H-X Configuration, which will ease the further selection
by limiting the amount of choices for specific Vector Group.
MI 3281 WR Analyser is using single current source so all winding resistance of the
transformer are measured sequentially in the following order: R10, R20 and R30 or R12, R23 and
R31, dependent on the selected Vector Group. Measurements can be selected with Side to
Measure parameter (H side only, X side only or Both sides). Test current can be manually
selected with Test current parameter (10 mA to 20 A). It is recommended to test with the
highest test current possible, considering not to exceed 10 % of rated transformer winding
current. Set Average parameter. Higher averaging can improve results stability.
During testing of transformer, instantaneous winding resistance and current are shown on
the screen. When the whole transformer is tested, the additional phase resistances are
calculated and shown on the separate screen.
All winding resistances can also be converted to desired reference temperature if Temp
conversion parameter is enabled and additional parameters are set.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Tests and Measurements

Parameter Description Values Unit

H-X Select Configuration of D-d, D-y, D-z, Y-y, Y-d, Y-z, Y-a,
-
Configuration transformer Z-a
Select D-d the Vector Group
D-d Dd0, Dd2, Dd4, Dd6, Dd8, Dd10 -
(if used)
Select D-y the Vector Group Dy1, Dyn1, Dy5, Dyn5, Dy7, Dyn7,
D-y -
(if used) Dy11, Dyn11
Dz0, Dzn0, Dz2, Dzn2, Dz4,
Select D-z the Vector Group
D-z Dzn4, Dz6, Dzn6, Dz8, Dzn8, -
(if used)
Dz10, Dzn10
Select Y-y the Vector Group Yy0, YNy0, Yyn0, YNyn0, Yy6,
Y-y -
(if used) YNy6, Yyn6, YNyn6
Select Y-d the Vector Group Yd1, YNd1, Yd5, YNd5, Yd7,
Y-d -
(if used) YNd7, Yd11, YNd11
Select Y-z the Vector Group Yz1, Yzn1, Yz5, Yzn5, Yz7, Yzn7,
Y-z -
(if used) Yz11, Yzn11
Select Y-a the Vector Group
Y-a Ya0, YNa0 -
(if used)
Select Z-a the Vector Group ZNa1, Za1, Zna5, Za5, ZNa7,
Z-a -
(if used) Za7, ZNa11, Za11
TAP name TAP name or tap position - -
H: high voltage windings only
Side of the transformer to be X. low voltage windings only
Side to measure -
measured Both: high and low voltage
windings
Test current for high voltage
Test current H winding (H) resistance 10 m, 100 m, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 A
measurement
Test current for low voltage
Test current X winding (X) resistance 10 m, 100 m, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 A
measurement
Average Averaging of test results 5, 10, 30 s
Temp conversion Select temperature conversion Disable, Enable -
Set reference temperature
Reference temp (available only if Temp 25, 75, 85, Custom value °C
conversion is enabled)
Set measured temperature
Measured temp (available only if Temp Custom value °C
conversion is enabled)
Select Winding material
Winding
(available only if Temp Copper, Aluminium, Custom -
material
conversion is enabled)
Set material temperature
Material temp (available only if Temp Custom value °C
conversion is enabled and

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Parameter Description Values Unit

Winding material is set to
Custom)

11.2.2.1Testing, connection and results

To measure high voltage side winding resistance of a three-phase transformer, connect H-
side test cable to H test connector and/or to measure low voltage side winding resistance of
a three-phase transformer, connect X-side test cable to X test connector on the MI 3281 WR
Analyser. For three-phase transformer winding resistance measurement, H0 black , H1
yellow , H2 white and H3 green wire terminals (high voltage side) and/or X0 black , X1
yellow , X2 white and X3 green wire terminals (low voltage side) are required. Use Kelvin
test crocodiles and connect each pair of coloured wire terminals to each crocodile. Use Kelvin
test principle (one wire should be connected to terminal on one handle, the second wire
should be connected to terminal on the other handle of Kelvin test crocodile. Orientation is
not relevant. Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to the transformer according to the figure below.

Measuring connection of a 3-phase transformer

Measurement can be started from the Resistance (3-phases) measurement window. Before
carrying out a test the following parameters (H-X Configuration, Vector Group, TAP name,
Side to measure, Test Current H and/or X, Average and Temp conversion parameters -
Reference temp Measured temp, Winding material and Material temp) can be edited.

Resistance (3 Phases) start screen - Resistances view Resistance (3 Phases) start screen Currents view

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Tests and Measurements

Resistance (3 Phases) start screen Phase resistances view

Test parameters for three-phase transformer winding resistance measurement

H-X Set Configuration of transformer: D-d, D-y, D-z, Y-y, Y-d, Y-z, Y-a or Z-a
Configuration
Vector Group Set Vector Group: (See Vector groups for details)
TAP name Set TAP name: -
Side to measure Set side of transformer to be measured: H, X or Both
Test current H Set test current (H-side): 10 mA, 100 mA, 1 A, 5 A, 10 A, 15 A, 20 A
Test current X Set test current (X-side): 10 mA, 100 mA, 1 A, 5 A, 10 A, 15 A, 20 A
Average1) Set averaging: 5 s, 10 s, 30 s
Temp conversion Temperature conversion: Disable, Enable
Reference temp (If Temp conversion enabled) Reference temperature: 25 °C, 75 °C, 85 °C,
Custom value
Measured temp (If Temp conversion enabled) Measured temperature: Custom value
Winding (If Temp conversion enabled) Transformer winding material: Copper,
material Aluminium, Custom
Material temp (If Temp conversion enabled and Winding material set to Custom)
Material reference temperature: Custom value
1) Pre-defined value is 10 s.

Three-phase transformer winding resistance measurement procedure without

temperature conversion
• Connect H-side test cable to H socket and/or X-side test cable to X socket on MI 3281
WR Analyser.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to coloured wire terminals. H terminals with H0 black ,
H1 yellow , H2 white and H3 green wires (high voltage side) and/or X terminals
with X0 black , X1 yellow , X2 white and X3 green wires (low voltage side) are
required for three-phase transformer winding resistance measurement. Each wire
terminal should be connected to separate handle terminal of Kelvin test crocodiles.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to the transformer windings, according to the relevant
Vector group.
• Use Carbine clips with strings to secure test cables and Kelvin test crocodiles against
accidental disconnection (optional).
• Select Resistance (3 Phases) test function.
• Set parameters H-X Configuration and Vector Group.
• Set parameter TAP name (if measuring multiple TAP transformer).

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Tests and Measurements

• Set parameter Side to measure. Set according to the test connection.

• Set parameters Test current H and/or Test current X.
• Set parameter Average.
• Set Temp conversion to Disable.
• Press the Run key to start the measurement.
• After Connection test, winding resistance measurements are caried out in a sequential
order, starting with R10 or R12 (H-side) and ended with R30 or R31 (X-side), as defined in
test parameters. Wait until the measurement stops automatically or proceed with
steps manually, when result is stabilised. After the whole transformer is tested, the
phase resistances RA, RB, RC and/or Ra, Rb, Rc are calculated and displayed on the
separate screen. Wait until discharge is finished.
• Use left/right arrow keys to switch between multiple measurement result screens
(optional).
• Save results (optional).
• Disconnect in reverse order.

Three-phase transformer winding resistances measurement procedure with temperature

conversion
• Connect H-side test cable to H socket and/or X-side test cable to X socket on MI 3281
WR Analyser.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to coloured wire terminals. H terminals with H0 black ,
H1 yellow , H2 white and H3 green wires (high voltage side) and/or X terminals
with X0 black , X1 yellow , X2 white and X3 green wires (low voltage side) are
required for three-phase transformer winding resistance measurement. Each wire
terminal should be connected to separate handle terminal of Kelvin test crocodiles.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to the transformer windings, according to the relevant
Vector group.
• Use Carbine clips with strings to secure test cables and Kelvin test crocodiles against
accidental disconnection (optional).
• Select Resistance (3 Phases) test function.
• Set parameters H-X Configuration and Vector Group.
• Set parameter TAP name (if measuring multiple TAP transformer).
• Set parameter Side to measure. Set according to the test connection.
• Set parameters Test current H and/or Test current X.
• Set parameter Average.
• Set Temp conversion to Enable. Additional parameters will appear. (Refer to chapter
Temperature conversion for more information.)
• Set Reference temp, Measured temp, Winding material and Material temp (if Winding
material is set to Custom).
• Press the Run key to start the measurement.
• After Connection test, winding resistance measurements are caried out in a sequential
order, starting with R10 or R12 (H-side) and ended with R30 or R31 (X-side), as defined in
test parameters. Wait until the measurement stops automatically or proceed with
steps manually, when result is stabilised. After the whole transformer is tested, the

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phase resistances RA, RB, RC and/or Ra, Rb, Rc are calculated and displayed on the
separate screen. Wait until discharge is finished.
• Use left/right arrow keys to switch between multiple measurement result screens
(optional).
• Save results (optional).
• Disconnect in reverse order.

Resistance (3 Phases) view during measurement - Resistances screen

After the measurement is done, the results are presented on three measurement result
screens. First screen represents winding resistances, second screen represents test currents
and third screen represents calculated phase winding resistances. To navigate between
screens, use left/right arrow keys or scroll down Control panel menu on the right side and tap
on "Left" or "Right" icon. If temperature conversion was enabled, all winding resistances are
already converted to a desired reference temperature.

Example of Resistance (3 Phases) result screen - Example of Resistance (3 Phases) result screen -
Resistances view Currents view

Example of Resistance (3 Phases) result screen Phase resistances view

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Tests and Measurements

Warning!
• Do not disconnect test leads during testing. Wait until results are shown on the screen
and discharge is finished. Removing test crocodiles prior that, can result in high
voltage spike, potentially hazardous electric shock and a permanent damage of
testing equipment.

Notes
• Consider displayed warnings and messages when starting the measurement!
• Test current should not be set to more than 10 % of transformers winding rated
current.

11.3
MI 3281 WR Analyser supports the winding resistance measurement of single-phase or three-
phase transformers with OLTC (On Load Tap Changer). Automatic measurement of OLTC or
manual measurement of NLTC (No-Load Tap Changer) transformers are supported by the
instrument.
All cold winding resistances can be converted to a user-defined standard temperature.

11.3.1 Single-phase transformers with tap changer

Winding resistances of a single-phase transformer with tap changer can be measured by
selecting single test function AUTO R (1 phase). Advantage of this test is that all winding
resistances at different tap positions are included in a single measurement and graphical
representation of test results is included. There are two measurement modes to measure
winding resistances of a single-phase transformer, that depends on a TC type (Tap Changer
type): OLTC mode, where instrument automatically changes transformer tap positions and
NLTC mode, where user has to manually change tap positions. Tap changer can be installed
on a high voltage winding (H) or on a low voltage winding (X) side, regarding to parameter
Taps location. Only one side of a transformer can be measured in a single test. According to
the application (transformer type or size) adequate Test current should be selected (10 mA to
20 A). Average parameter should be set. Stability of the test results can be improved with
higher test current and with higher averaging.
To measure high voltage side winding resistances of a single-phase transformer, at different
tap positions, connect H-side test cable to H test connector and to measure low voltage side
winding resistances of a single-phase transformer, at different tap positions, connect X-side
test cable to X test connector on the MI 3281 WR Analyser. For AUTO R (1 phase)
measurement, only H0 black and H1 yellow wire terminals (high voltage side) or X0 black
and X1 yellow wire terminals (low voltage side) are required. Use Kelvin test crocodiles and
connect each pair of coloured wire terminals to each crocodile. Use Kelvin test principle (one
wire should be connected to terminal on one handle, the second wire should be connected to
terminal on the other handle of Kelvin test crocodile. Orientation is not relevant. Connect
Kelvin test crocodiles to the transformer according to the figure below.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Tests and Measurements

Measuring connection of a 1-phase transformer with Tap changer

Measurement can be started from the AUTO R (1 phase) measurement window, which is
presented below. Before carrying out a test the following parameters (TC type, Taps location,
Number of taps, Test current, Average, and Temp conversion parameters Reference temp,
Measured temp, Winding material and Material temp) can be edited.

AUTO R (1 Phase) start screen

Test parameters for single-phase transformer winding with taps

TC type Tap changer type: OLTC, NLTC
Taps location Set location of a tap changer: H side, X side
Number of taps Number of tap changer positions: 2
Test current Set test current: 10 mA, 100 mA, 1 A, 5 A, 10 A, 15 A, 20 A
Average 1) Set average time: 5 s, 10 s, 30 s
Temp conversion Temperature conversion: Disable, Enable
Reference temp (If Temp conversion enabled) Reference temperature: 25 °C, 75 °C, 85 °C,
Custom value
Measured temp (If Temp conversion enabled) Measured temperature: Custom value
Winding (If Temp conversion enabled) Transformer winding material: Copper,
material Aluminium, Custom
Material temp (If Temp conversion enabled and Winding material set to Custom)
Material reference temperature: Custom value
1) Pre-defined value is 10 s.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Tests and Measurements

11.3.1.1 Single-phase transformers with OLTC

When parameter TC type is set to OLTC (On Load Tap Changer), the instrument will
automatically change tap position and winding resistances will be measured at each tap.
OLTC Parameter Number of taps defines number of taps that will be automatically tested.
Instrument will start winding resistance measurement at tap position 1, thus the user shall
manually set OLTC to tap 1 before the start of the measurement.
When measuring winding resistances with tap changer in OLTC mode, Tap changer control
cable should be connected to MI 3281 WR Analyser terminal (TAP CHANGER) and to OLTC
control unit.

Connecting a 1-phase transformer with OLTC / NLTC to MI 3281

Single-phase transformer with tap changer winding resistance measurement procedure -

OLTC
• Prior the measurement, manually set the OLTC to position 1.
• Connect H-side test cable to H socket or X-side test cable to X socket on MI 3281 WR
Analyser.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to coloured wire terminals. Only H terminals with H0
black , H1 yellow wires or X terminals with X0 black , X1 yellow wires are required
for single-phase transformer winding resistance measurement. Each wire terminal
should be connected to separate handle terminal of Kelvin test crocodiles.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to the required transformer winding(s). See connection
figure above.
• Use Carbine clips with strings to secure test cables and Kelvin test crocodiles against
accidental disconnection (optional).
• Connect Tap changer control cable to WR Analyser MI 3281 TAP CHANGER terminal
and to the Tap changer control unit terminals.
• Select AUTO R (1 Phase) test function.
• Set TC type to OLTC.
• Set Taps location.
• Set Number of taps.
• Set Test current.
• Set Average.

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• Set Temp conversion to Disable or Enable. (Refer to chapter Temperature conversion

for more information.)
• Press the Run key to start the measurement.
• After Connection test, test results are displayed on the screen. Wait until
measurements at all tap positions automatically stops and discharge is finished.
• Save results (optional).
• Disconnect in reverse order.
• After the measurement OLTC will remain in last set position. Set OLTC position
accordingly.

During the test, the measurement screen is displaying instantaneous results of winding
resistances for each tap position and instantaneous current. Last measured results for each
tap are kept for analysis. Transformer is charged only once and all tap positions are tested
sequentially from tap position 1 up to user defined number of taps. After completing the
measurement, the test results are presented on the measurement screens on two pages.
Page one is a list of winding resistance measurements for each tap position and page two is
a chart of winding resistance vs tap position. Both pages are shown in figures below. To
toggle between results (at different tap positions) or scroll down
the Control panel and tap on up or down virtual keys. To switch between result list and
chart, or scroll down the Control panel and tap on left or right
keys. Tap on chart set cursor position, that can be used for detailed analysis. If temperature
conversion was enabled, the winding resistances are already converted to a desired
reference temperature.

AUTO R (1 Phase) result screen - Resistance list view AUTO R (1 Phase) result screen - Chart view

Warning!
• Do not disconnect test leads during testing. Wait until results are shown on the
screen and discharge is finished. Removing test crocodiles prior that can result in
high voltage spike, potentially hazardous electric shock and a permanent damage of
testing equipment.

Notes
• Consider displayed warnings and messages, when starting the measurement!
• Test current should not be set to more than 10 % of transformers winding rated
current.

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11.3.1.2Single-phase transformers with NLTC

When parameter TC type is set to NLTC (No Load Tap Changer), the instrument will measure
winding resistances of transformer taps manually. Instrument will not control tap changer.
Tap positions on transformer has to be manually changed prior to each sub-measurement.
Parameter Number of taps defines number of all taps that can be tested. Advantage of this
test is that sequence of measurements at different tap positions is not specified, and can
be tested randomly. Test results will be sorted automatically, according to the tap number
from 1 to last tap.

Single-phase transformer with tap changer winding resistance measurement procedure -

NLTC
• Connect H-side test cable to H socket or X-side test cable to X socket on MI 3281 WR
Analyser.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to coloured wire terminals. Only H terminals with H0
black , H1 yellow wires or X terminals with X0 black , X1 yellow wires are required
for single-phase transformer winding resistance measurement. Each wire terminal
should be connected to separate handle terminal of Kelvin test crocodiles.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to the required transformer winding(s). See connection
figure in chapter Single-phase transformers with OLTC.
• Use Carbine clips with strings to secure test cables and Kelvin test crocodiles against
accidental disconnection (optional).
• Select AUTO R (1 Phase) test function.
• Set TC type to NLTC.
• Set Taps location.
• Set Number of taps.
• Set Test current.
• Set Average.
• Set Temp conversion to Disable or Enable. (Refer to chapter Temperature conversion
for more information.)
• Press the Run key to initiate the measurement.
• Wait for Connection check to pass.
• Set tap position on the instrument with up and down keys and press Run key for
winding resistance measurement at selected tap position.
• Wait until measurement at selected tap position automatically stops and discharge is
finished.
• Switch tap position on the tap changer.
• Set new tap position on the instrument with up and down keys and press Run key for
winding resistance measurement at new tap position.
• Wait until measurement at selected tap position automatically stops and discharge is
finished.
• Repeat procedure for all tap positions.
• Stop the measurement. (Press ESC key or TAB key followed by ENTER key, when all
taps are tested.)
• Save results (optional).
• Disconnect in reverse order.

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Warnings!
• Do not disconnect test leads during testing. Wait until results are shown on the
screen and discharge is finished. Removing test crocodiles prior that can result in
high voltage spike, potentially hazardous electric shock and a permanent damage of
testing equipment.
• Do not change the tap position during the active measurement. Always wait until
the instrument is done with the discharge.

Notes
• Consider displayed warnings and messages, when starting the measurement!
• Test current should not be set to more than 10 % of transformers winding rated
current.

11.3.2 Three-phase transformers with tap changer

Winding resistance of a three-phase transformer with tap changer can be measured by
selecting single test function AUTO R (3 phases). Advantage of this test is that all winding
resistances at different tap positions are included in a single measurement and graphical
representation of test results is also included. H-X Configuration and Vector group
parameters should be set according to the transformer specifications. Wrong setting can lead
to false and misleading results. There are two measurement modes to measure winding
resistances of a three-phase transformer, that depends on a TC type (Tap Changer type): OLTC
mode, where instrument automatically changes transformer tap positions and NLTC mode,
where user has to manually change tap positions. Tap changer can be installed on a high
voltage winding (H) or on a low voltage winding (X) side, regarding to parameter Taps location.
Only one side of a transformer can be measured in a single test. Number of taps should be
set according to tap changer specifications. According to the application (transformer type or
size) adequate Test current should be selected (10 mA to 20 A) and Average parameter should
be set. Stability of the test results can be improved with higher test current and with higher
averaging.
To measure high voltage side winding resistance of a three-phase transformer with tap
changer, connect H-side test cable to H test connector or to measure low voltage side winding
resistance of a three-phase transformer with tap changer, connect X-side test cable to X test
connector on the MI 3281 WR Analyser. For three-phase transformer winding resistance
measurement, H0 black , H1 yellow , H2 white and H3 green wire terminals (high voltage
side) or X0 black , X1 yellow , X2 white and X3 green wire terminals (low voltage side) are
required. Use Kelvin test crocodiles and connect each pair of coloured wire terminals to each
crocodile. Use Kelvin test principle (one wire should be connected to terminal on one handle,
the second wire should be connected to terminal on the other handle of Kelvin test crocodile.
Orientation is not relevant. Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to the transformer according to the
figure below.
For OLTC mode, Tap changer control cable should be connected to the MI 3281 WR Analyser
and to the tap changer control unit.

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Measuring connection of a 3-phase transformer with Tap changer

Measurement can be started from the AUTO R (3 phases) measurement window, which is
presented below. Before carrying out a test the following parameters (H-X Configuration,
Vector Group, TC type, Taps location, Number of taps, Test Current, Average and Temp
conversion parameters Reference temp, Measured temp, Winding material and Material
temp) can be edited.

AUTO R (3 Phases) start screen

Test parameters for single-phase transformer winding with taps

H-X Set Configuration of transformer: D-d, D-y, D-z, Y-y, Y-d, Y-z, Y-a or Z-a
Configuration
Vector Group Set Vector Group: (See Vector groups for details)
TC type Tap changer type: OLTC, NLTC
Taps location Set location of a tap changer: H side, X side
Number of taps Number of tap changer positions: 2
Test Current Set test current: 10 mA, 100 mA, 1 A, 5 A, 10 A, 15 A, 20 A
Average 1) Set average time: 5 s, 10 s, 30 s
Temp conversion Temperature conversion: Disable, Enable
Reference temp (If Temp conversion enabled) Reference temperature: 25 °C, 75 °C, 85 °C,
Custom value
Measured temp (If Temp conversion enabled) Measured temperature: Custom value
Winding (If Temp conversion enabled) Transformer winding material: Copper,
material Aluminium, Custom

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Material temp (If Temp conversion enabled and Winding material set to Custom)
Material reference temperature: Custom value
1) Pre-defined value is 10 s.

11.3.2.1Three-phase transformers with OLTC

When parameter TC type is set to OLTC (On Load Tap Changer), the instrument will
automatically change tap position and winding resistances will be measured at each tap and
on all three windings respectively. Parameter Number of taps defines total number of taps
that will be automatically tested (on each winding). Instrument will start winding resistance
measurement at tap position 1, thus the user shall manually set OLTC to tap 1 before the start
of the measurement.
When measuring winding resistances with tap changer in OLTC mode, Tap changer control
cable should be connected to MI 3281 WR Analyser terminal (TAP CHANGER) and to OLTC
control unit.

Connecting a 3-phase transformer with OLTC / NLTC to MI 3281

Three-phase transformer with tap changer winding resistance measurement procedure -

OLTC
• Prior the measurement, manually set the OLTC to position 1.
• Connect H-side test cable to H socket or X-side test cable to X socket on MI 3281 WR
Analyser.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to coloured wire terminals. H terminals with H0 black ,
H1 yellow , H2 white and H3 green wires (high voltage side) or X terminals with X0
black , X1 yellow , X2 white and X3 green wires (low voltage side) are required for
three-phase transformer winding resistance measurement. Each wire terminal should
be connected to separate handle terminal of Kelvin test crocodiles.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to the transformer windings, according to the relevant
Vector group.
• Use Carbine clips with strings to secure test cables and Kelvin test crocodiles against
accidental disconnection (optional).
• Connect Tap changer control cable to WR Analyser MI 3281 TAP CHANGER terminal
and to the Tap changer control unit terminals.
• Select AUTO R (3 Phases) test function.

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• Set parameters H-X Configuration and Vector Group.

• Set TC type to OLTC.
• Set parameter Taps location. Set according to the test connection.
• Set parameter Number of taps.
• Set parameterTest current.
• Set parameter Average.
• Set Temp conversion to Disable or Enable. (Refer to chapter Temperature conversion
for more information.)
• Press the Run key to start the measurement.
• After Connection test, winding resistance measurements are caried out in a sequential
order, starting with R10 or R12 (H or X-side) at tap position 1 and ended with R30 or R31 (H
or X-side) at highest tap position, as defined in test parameters and flow chart below.
Wait until the measurement stops automatically or proceed with steps manually,
when result is stabilised. After the whole transformer is tested, the phase resistances
RA, RB, RC or Ra, Rb, Rc are calculated and displayed on the separate screen. Wait until
discharge is finished.
• Use left/right arrow keys to switch between multiple measurement result screens:
winding resistances, winding currents, phase winding resistances and chart view.
(optional)
• Save results. (optional)
• Disconnect in reverse order.
• After the measurement OLTC will remain in last set position. Set OLTC position
accordingly.

Measurement sequence (presented in the figure below) starts at winding A and tap 1 (user
has to set tap-changer in tap position 1 prior to the measurement). Instrument charges
winding A and all tap positions are tested sequentially from tap position 1 up to user defined
number of taps. After the measurement, discharge of winding A is performed. Next,
instrument charges winding B and all tap positions are tested sequentially from user defined
number of taps down to tap position 1. After the measurement, discharge of winding B is
performed. At last, instrument charges winding C and all tap positions are tested sequentially
from tap position 1 up to user defined number of taps. After the measurement discharge of
winding C is performed.

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AUTO R (3 phases) OLTC measurement - flow chart

After completing the measurement, the test results are presented on four result pages.
First result page represents multiple screens with winding resistances for each tap position,
page two represents multiple screens with measurement currents for each tap position,
page three represents multiple screens with calculated phase winding resistances for each
tap position and page four represents single chart screen with view of winding resistances
vs tap position for all three winding resistances. To toggle between tap positions scroll
down the Control panel and tap on up and down keys. To toggle between results (at

scroll down the Control panel and tap on left or right keys. Tap on chart set cursor position,
that can be used for detailed analysis. If temperature conversion was enabled, the winding
resistances and phase winding resistances are already converted to a desired reference
temperature.

AUTO R (3 Phase) result screen - Resistance list view AUTO R (3 Phase) result screen - Current list view

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AUTO R (3 Phase) result screen Phase resistance list AUTO R (3 Phase) result screen - Chart view
view

Warning!
• Do not disconnect test leads during testing. Wait until results are shown on the
screen and discharge is finished. Removing test crocodiles prior that can result in
high voltage spike, potentially hazardous electric shock and a permanent damage of
testing equipment.

Notes
• Consider displayed warnings and messages when starting the measurement!
• Test current should not be set to more than 10 % of transformers winding rated
current.

11.3.2.2 Three-phase transformers with NLTC

When parameter TC type is set to NLTC, the instrument will measure winding resistances of
transformer taps manually. Instrument will not control tap changer. Tap positions on
transformer has to be manually changed prior to each sub-measurement. Parameter
Number of taps defines number of all taps that can be tested. Advantage of this test is that
sequence of measurements at different tap positions is not specified, and can be tested
randomly. Test results will be sorted automatically, according to the tap number from 1 to
last tap.

Three-phase transformer with tap changer winding resistance measurement procedure -

NLTC
• Connect H-side test cable to H socket or X-side test cable to X socket on MI 3281 WR
Analyser.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to coloured wire terminals. H terminals with H0 black ,
H1 yellow , H2 white and H3 green wires (high voltage side) or X terminals with X0
black , X1 yellow , X2 white and X3 green wires (low voltage side) are required for
three-phase transformer winding resistance measurement. Each wire terminal should
be connected to separate handle terminal of Kelvin test crocodiles.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to the transformer windings, according to the relevant
Vector group.
• Use Carbine clips with strings to secure test cables and Kelvin test crocodiles against
accidental disconnection (optional).
• Select AUTO R (3 Phases) test function.
• Set parameters H-X Configuration and Vector Group.
• Set TC type to NLTC.

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• Set parameter Taps location. Set according to the test connection.

• Set parameter Number of taps.
• Set parameter Test current.
• Set parameter Average.
• Set Temp conversion to Disable or Enable. (Refer to chapter Temperature conversion
for more information.)
• Press the Run key to initiate the measurement.
• Wait for Connection check to pass.
• Set tap position on the instrument with up and down keys and press Run key for
winding resistance measurement at selected tap position.
• Wait until all measuring steps are completed, measuring results are calculated and
discharge is finished.
• Switch tap position on the tap changer.
• Set new tap position on the instrument with up and down keys and press Run key for
winding resistance measurement at new tap position.
• Wait until all measuring steps for new tap are completed, measuring results for new
tap are calculated and discharge is finished.
• Repeat procedure for all tap positions.
• Stop the measurement. (Press ESC key, or TAB key followed by ENTER key, when all
taps are tested.)
• Use left/right arrow keys to switch between four measurement result pages: winding
resistances, winding currents, phase winding resistances, and chart view. (optional)
• Save results. (optional)
• Disconnect in reverse order.

Warnings!
• Do not disconnect test leads during testing. Wait until results are shown on the
screen and discharge is finished. Removing test crocodiles prior that can result in
high voltage spike, potentially hazardous electric shock and a permanent damage of
testing equipment.
• Do not change the tap position during the active measurement. Always wait until
the instrument is done with the discharge.

Notes
• Consider displayed warnings and messages when starting the measurement!
• Test current should not be set to more than 10 % of the winding rated current.

11.4
Winding resistance measurements on a single-phase transformers or three-phase
transformers uses DC current that magnetize the core of a transformer. Transformers with
magnetized core causes high inrush currents in normal operation, so this should be avoided.
Therefore, it is recommended to demagnetize the transformer core after all winding
resistance measurements are completed.
MI 3281 WR Analyser can demagnetize single-phase transformers as well as three-phase
transformers using initial demagnetization currents from 1 A to 20 A. Demagnetization

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routine starts by applying initial DC demagnetization current on transformer winding that is

sequentially reduced and its polarity reversed up to very low currents.

11.4.1 Single-phase demagnetization

Core demagnetization of a single-phase transformer can be performed by selecting test
function Demagnetization (1 phase). Single-phase transformer core can be demagnetized
using high voltage winding (H) or low voltage winding (X) regarding to parameter Side to
measure. Initial Test current should be selected for the routine. For the core demagnetization
using high voltage side of a single-phase transformer, connect H-side test cable to H test
connector and for the core demagnetization using low voltage side of a single-phase
transformer, connect X-side test cable to X test connector on the MI 3281 WR Analyser. Only
H0 black , H1 yellow wire terminals (high voltage side) or X0 black , X1 yellow wire
terminals (low voltage side) are required for demagnetization of a single-phase transformer.
Use Kelvin test crocodiles and connect each pair of coloured wire terminals to each crocodile.
Use Kelvin test principle (one wire should be connected to terminal on one handle, the second
wire should be connected to terminal on the other handle of Kelvin test crocodile. Orientation
is not relevant. Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to the transformer as described in figure below.

Demagnetization - Connection of a 1-phase transformer to MI 3281

Single-phase transformer's core demagnetization can be performed from Demagnetization

(1 phase) window. Before carrying out the routine the following parameters (Side to measure,
Test current) can be edited.

Demagnetization (1 phase) start screen

Test parameters for single-phase transformer demagnetization

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Side to measure Set transformer side for demagnetization routine: H, X

Test current Set initial demagnetization current: 1 A, 5 A, 10 A, 15 A, 20 A

Single-phase transformer core demagnetization

• Connect H-side test cable to H socket or X-side test cable to X socket on MI 3281 WR
Analyser.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to coloured wire terminals. Only H terminals with H0
black , H1 yellow wires or X terminals with X0 black , X1 yellow wires are required
for single-phase transformer demagnetization. Each wire terminal should be
connected to separate handle terminal of Kelvin test crocodiles.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to the required transformer winding(s). See connection
figure above.
• Use Carbine clips with strings to secure test cables and Kelvin test crocodiles against
accidental disconnection.
• Select test function Demagnetization (1 Phase).
• Set parameter Side to measure.
• Set parameter Test current.
• Press the Run key to start the routine.
• Wait until the test result is displayed on the screen and discharge is finished.
• Save results (optional).
• Disconnect in reverse order.

During the demagnetization routine, progress screen represents demagnetization current.

Demagnetization (1 Phase) - Progress indication

After the demagnetization routine is completed, result is presented as "Pass ". If the
demagnetization was stopped by the user or interrupted in any other way, the result would
be "Fail".

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Demagnetization (1 Phase) - Result screen

Warning!
• Do not disconnect test leads during testing. Wait until results are shown on the
screen and discharge is finished. Removing test crocodiles prior that can result in
high voltage spike, potentially hazardous electric shock and a permanent damage of
testing equipment.

Notes
• Consider displayed warnings and messages when starting the measurement!
• It is recommended, that the selected Test current is the same as it was during the
winding resistance measurements.
• Demagnetization with currents less than 1 A are not supported.

11.4.2 Three-phase demagnetization

Demagnetization of the three-phase transformers can be performed by selecting test
function Demagnetization (3 phases). Three-phase transformer core can be demagnetized
using high voltage winding (H) or low voltage winding (X) regarding to parameter Side to
measure. Initial Test current should be selected for the routine. For three-phase transformer
core demagnetization, H0 black , H1 yellow , H2 white and H3 green wire terminals (high
voltage side) or X0 black , X1 yellow , X2 white and X3 green wire terminals (low voltage
side) are required. Use Kelvin test crocodiles and connect each pair of coloured wire terminals
to each crocodile. Use Kelvin test principle (one wire should be connected to terminal on one
handle, the second wire should be connected to terminal on the other handle of Kelvin test
crocodile. Orientation is not relevant. Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to the transformer
according to the figure below.

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Demagnetization - Connection of a 3-phase transformer to MI 3281

Three-phase transformer's core demagnetization can be performed from Demagnetization

(3 phases) window. Before carrying out the routine the following parameters (H-X
Configuration, Vector Group, Side to measure, Test current) can be edited.

Demagnetization (3 Phases) start screen

Test parameters for three-phase transformer demagnetization

H-X Set Configuration of transformer: D-d, D-y, D-z, Y-y, Y-d or Y-z
Configuration
Vector Group Set Vector Group: (See Vector groups for details)
Side to meas. Set transformer side for demagnetization routine: H, X
Test current Set initial demagnetization current: 1 A, 5 A, 10 A, 15 A, 20 A

Three-phase transformer core demagnetization

• Connect H-side test cable to H socket or X-side test cable to X socket on MI 3281 WR
Analyser.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to coloured wire terminals. H terminals with H0 black ,
H1 yellow , H2 white and H3 green wires (high voltage side) or X terminals with X0
black , X1 yellow , X2 white and X3 green wires (low voltage side) are required for
three-phase transformer core demagnetization. Each wire terminal should be
connected to separate handle terminal of Kelvin test crocodiles.
• Connect Kelvin test crocodiles to the transformer windings, according to the relevant
Vector group.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Tests and Measurements

• Use Carbine clips with strings to secure test cables and Kelvin test crocodiles against
accidental disconnection.
• Select test function Demagnetization (3 phases).
• Set parameters H-X Configuration and Vector Group.
• Set parameter Side to measure.
• Set parameter Test current.
• Press the Run key to start the routine.
• Wait until all test results are displayed on the screen and discharge is finished.
• Save results (optional).
• Disconnect in reverse order.

During the demagnetization routine, progress screen represents demagnetization current.

Demagnetization routine is sequential for each phase of three-phase transformer.

Demagnetization (3 Phases) - Progress indication

After the demagnetization routine is done, result is presented as "Pass ". If the
demagnetization was stopped by the user or interrupted in any other way, the result would
be "Fail".

Demagnetization (1 Phase) - Result screen

Warning!
• Do not disconnect test leads during testing. Wait until results are shown on the
screen and discharge is finished. Removing test crocodiles prior that can result in
high voltage spike, potentially hazardous electric shock and a permanent damage of
testing equipment.

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Notes
• Consider displayed warnings and messages when starting the measurement!
• It is recommended, that the selected Test current is the same as it was during the
winding resistance measurements.
• Demagnetization with currents less than 1 A is not supported.

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12 Auto Sequences®
Pre-programmed sequences of measurements can be carried out in Auto Sequences menu.
The sequence of measurements, their parameters and flow of the sequence can be
programmed. The results of an Auto Sequence can be stored in the memory together with all
related information.
Auto Sequences can be pre-programmed on PC with the Metrel ES Manager software and
uploaded to the instrument. On the instrument, parameters and limits of individual single
test in the Auto Sequence can be changed / set.

12.1
The Auto Sequence list from Auto Sequence groups menu should be selected first. Refer to
chapter Auto Sequence® groups for more details.

12.1.1 Selecting an active Auto Sequence® group in Auto Sequences® menu

Auto Sequences and Auto Sequence groups menus are interconnected so an active Auto
Sequence group can also be selected in the Auto Sequences menu.

Procedure
① Tap on the active Auto Sequence group
header in Auto Sequences menu.

② Opens a list of Auto Sequence groups in

Control panel.

③ Selects desired Auto Sequence group

from a list of groups.

④ Confirms a new selection.

⑤ New Auto Sequence group is selected

and all Auto Sequences within that
group are displayed on the screen.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Auto Sequences®

12.1.2 Searching in Auto Sequences® menu

In Auto Sequences menu it is possible to search for AutoSequences on base of their Name
or Short code.

Procedure
① Search function is available from the
active Auto Sequence group header line.

② Select Search in Control panel to open

Search setup menu.
The parameters that can be searched for
are displayed in the Search setup menu.

③a The search can be narrowed by entering a

text in the Name and Short code fields.
Text can be entered by using on-screen
keypad.
③b Clears all filters. Sets filters to default
value.

④ Searches through the active Auto

Sequence group according to the set
filters.
The results are shown in the Search
results screen, presented in figures
below.

Search results screen - Header selected Search results screen - Auto Sequence
selected

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Auto Sequences®

Options
Next page.

Previous page.

Goes to location in Auto sequences menu.

Goes to Auto Sequence view menu.

Starts the selected Auto Sequence.

Note
• Search result page consist of up to 50 results.

12.1.3 Organization of Auto Sequences® in Auto Sequences® menu

The Auto Sequences to be carried out can be selected from the Main Auto sequences menu.
This menu can be organized in a structural manner with folders, sub-folders and Auto
Sequences. Auto Sequence in the structure can be the original Auto Sequence or a shortcut
to the original Auto sequence.
Auto Sequences marked as shortcuts and the original Auto Sequences are coupled.
Changing of parameters or limits in any of the coupled Auto sequences will influence on the
original Auto Sequence and all its shortcuts.

Example of organized Auto sequences in main Auto

Sequences menu

Options
The original Auto Sequence.

A shortcut to the original Auto Sequence.

Starts the selected Auto Sequence.

The instrument immediately starts the Auto
Sequence.

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Enters menu for more detail view of selected

Auto Sequence.
This option should also be used if the
parameters / limits of the selected Auto
Sequence have to be changed.

12.2
An Auto Sequence is divided into three phases:
• Before starting the first test the Auto Sequence view menu is shown (unless it was
started directly from the Main Auto Sequence menu). Parameters and limits of
individual measurements can be set in this menu.
• During the execution phase of an Auto Sequence, pre-programmed single tests are
carried out. The sequence of single tests is controlled by pre-programmed flow
commands.
• After the test sequence is finished the Auto Sequence result menu is shown. Details
of individual tests can be viewed and the results can be saved to Memory organizer.

12.2.1 Auto Sequence® view menu

In the Auto Sequence view menu, the header and the single tests of selected Auto Sequence
are displayed. The header contains the name and description of the Auto Sequence. Before
starting the Auto Sequence, test parameters / limits of individual measurements can be
changed.

Auto Sequence view menu (header is selected)

Legend
1 Single test
2 Header
3 Auto Sequence® name
4 Description of Auto Sequence®
5 Options

Auto Sequence view menu - Header selected

Options
Starts the Auto Sequence.

12.2.1.1Auto Sequence® view menu (measurement is selected)

Auto Sequence view menu (measurement is selected)

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Legend
1 Single tests
2 Header
3 Auto Sequence® name
4 Parameters and limits of selected single
test
5 Options
Auto Sequence view menu - Measurement selected

Options
Selects single test.

Opens menu for changing parameters and limits of selected

measurements.
Refer to chapter Setting parameters and limits of single tests
for more information how to change measurement parameters
on and limits.

Starts the Auto Sequence.

Indication of Loops

programmed. This means that the marked single test will be carried out as many times as the
indicates. It is possible to exit the loop before, at the end of each
individual measurement.

12.2.2 Step by step executions of Auto Sequences®

While the Auto Sequence is running, it is controlled by pre-programmed flow commands.
Examples of actions controlled by flow commands are:
• pauses during the test sequence
• buzzer (Pass / Fail sound after the tests)
• proceeding of test sequence in regard to measured results

The actual list of flow commands is available on chapter Description of flow commands.

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Auto Sequence - Example of a pause with Auto Sequence - Example of a pause with
message picture

Auto Sequence - Example of a finished

measurement with options for proceeding

Options (during execution of an Auto Sequence)

Proceeds to the next step in the test sequence.

Repeats the measurement.

Displayed result of a single test will not be stored.

Ends the Auto Sequence and goes to Auto Sequence result screen.

Exits the loop of single tests and proceeds to the next step in the test
sequence.
View parameters and limits of a measurement.

on

Adds comment.
The instrument opens keypad for entering a comment to a current
measurement.

Note
• The offered options in Control panel depends on the selected single test, its result and
the programmed test flow.

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12.2.3 Auto Sequence® result screen

After the Auto Sequence is finished, the Auto Sequence result screen is displayed. At the left
side of the display the single tests and their statuses in the Auto Sequence are shown. In the
middle of the display the header of the Auto Sequence is displayed. At the top the overall
Auto Sequence status is displayed. Refer to chapter Measurement statuses for more
information.

Legend
1 Status of single tests
2 Single tests
3 Auto Sequence® name
4 Overall status of Auto Sequence®
5 Options
6 Description and time-stamp of Auto
Sequence®
Auto Sequence result screen

Options
Starts a new Auto Sequence.

View results of individual measurements.

The instrument goes to menu for viewing details of the Auto Sequence.
Saves the Auto Sequence results.
A new Auto Sequence was selected and started from a Structure item in
the structure tree:
• The Auto Sequence will be saved under the selected Structure item.
A new Auto Sequence was started from the Auto Sequence main menu:
• Saving under the last selected Structure item will be offered by
default. The user can select another Structure item or create a new

Structure item. By pressing in Memory organizer menu the

Auto Sequence is saved under selected location.
An empty measurement was selected in structure tree and started:
• The result(s) will be added to the Auto Sequence. The Auto

An already carried out Auto Sequence was selected in structure tree,

viewed and then restarted:
• A new Auto Sequence will be saved under the selected Structure
item.
Adds comment.
The instrument opens keypad for entering a comment to Auto Sequence
result.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Auto Sequences®

Options in menu for viewing details of Auto Sequence results

Details of selected single test in Auto Sequence are displayed.

View parameters and limits of selected single test.

on

Adds comment to selected single test result.

View / edit comment to selected single test result, when recalled from
memory.

Details of menu for viewing details of Auto Sequence Details of single test in Auto Sequence result menu
results

12.2.4 Auto Sequence® memory screen

In Auto Sequence memory screen details of the Auto Sequence can be viewed and a new
Auto Sequence can be restarted.

Auto Sequence memory screen

Options
Retest the Auto Sequence.

Enters menu for viewing details of the Auto Sequence.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Communication

13 Communication
The instrument can communicate with the Metrel ES Manager PC software. The following
action is supported:
• Saved results and Tree structure from Memory organizer can be downloaded and stored
to a PC.
• Tree structure and Auto Sequences® from Metrel ES Manager PC software can be
uploaded to the instrument.

Metrel ES Manager is PC software running on Windows 8.1, Windows 10, and Windows 11.
There are two communication interfaces available on the instrument: USB and Bluetooth.

How to establish an USB link:

• Connect a PC USB port to the instrument USB connector using the USB interface cable.
• Switch on the PC and the instrument.
• Run the Metrel ES Manager software.
•
• If not visible, make sure to install the correct USB driver (see notes).
• The instrument is prepared to communicate with the PC over USB.

Bluetooth communication
The internal Bluetooth module enables easy communication via Bluetooth with PC and
Android devices.

How to configure a Bluetooth link between instrument and PC:

• Switch On the instrument.
• On PC configure a Standard Serial Port to enable communication over Bluetooth link
between instrument and PC.
• Run the Metrel ES Manager software.
• Set the configured communication port.
• The instrument is prepared to communicate with the PC over Bluetooth.

Notes
• USB drivers should be installed on PC before using the USB interface. Refer to USB
installation instructions available on installation CD or download the drivers from the
http://www.ftdichip.com website (MI 3281 is using the FT232RL chip).
• The name of correctly configured Bluetooth device must consist of the instrument
type plus serial number, eg. MI 3281-12345678I.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Maintenance

14 Maintenance
Unauthorized persons are not allowed to open the MI 3281 WR Analyser instrument. There
are no user replaceable components inside the instrument.

14.1
Regularly inspect and clean air intake and air outlet ventilation openings. Use dry vacuum
cleaner. To clean the surface of the instrument, use a soft cloth slightly moistened with
soapy water or alcohol. Then leave the instrument to dry totally before use.

Warnings!
• Do not use liquids based on petrol or hydrocarbons!
• Do not spill cleaning liquid over the instrument!

14.2
It is essential that the test instrument is regularly calibrated in order that the technical
specification listed in this manual is guaranteed. We recommend an annual calibration.
Only an authorized technical person can do the calibration. Please contact your dealer for
further information.

14.3
There are two fuses accessible from front panel:

• F1, F2 T 6.3 A / 250 V (32 mm × 6.3 mm) / 1500 A: intended for instrument
mains power supply circuit protection.

If the instrument does not respond after connection to mains supply (with power switch in
ON position), disconnect the mains supply and accessories and then check the fuses. For
position of fuses see figure in chapter .

Warnings!
• Switch off the instrument and disconnect all test accessories and mains cord before
replacing the fuses.
• Replace blown fuse with the same type.

14.4
For repairs under warranty, or at any other time, please contact your distributor.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Maintenance

14.5
The instrument can be upgraded from a PC via the USB communication port. This enables to
keep the instrument up to date even if the standards or regulations change. The firmware
upgrade requires internet access and can be carried out from the Metrel ES Manager software
with a help of special upgrading software FlashMe that will guide you through the upgrading
procedure. For more information, refer to Metrel ES Manager Help file.

Note
• See chapter Communication for details on USB driver installation.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Technical specifications

15 Technical specifications
15.1
Measurement principle: ......................... Voltage / Current measurement

Winding resistance (H, X) - RH, RX, R10, R20, R30, R12, R23, R31
Test current Measuring range Resolution Uncertainty

10.0 µ 0.1 µ
2.000 m 1µ
20 A, 15 A, 10 A ±0.25 % Rdg ±0.1 % Range
20.00 m 10 µ
200.0 m 100 µ

0.100 m 1µ
20.00 m 10 µ
5 A, 1 A ±0.25 % Rdg ±0.1 % Range
200.0 m 100 µ
2.000 1m

1.00 m 10 µ
200.0 m 100 µ
100 mA ±0.25 % Rdg ±0.1 % Range
2.000 1m
20.00 10 m

10.0 m 100 µ
2.000 1m
±0.25 % Rdg ±0.1 % Range
10 mA 20.00 10 m
200.0 100 m
1.000 k 1 ±1 % Rdg ±1 % Range

Resistance display range:

@ 20 A, 15 A, 10 A ................................... 0.0 µ
@ 5 A, 1 A................................................ 0.000 m
@ 100 mA ............................................... 0.00 m
@ 10 mA ................................................. 0.0 m

Uncertainty (RA, RB, RC, Ra, Rb, Rc) .......... calculated value
(consider uncertainty of R10, R20, R30, R12, R23, R31)
Test current accuracy: ±15 % (smoothed DC).

R definition ............................................ winding resistance

Test mode .............................................. single
Test method........................................... 4-wire
Test voltage shape ................................. DC voltage (current)

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Technical specifications

Open-terminal test voltage .................... < 30 Vdc

Max. short-circuit test current................

Automatic range selection .................... yes

Automatic test current selection ........... no
Automatic discharge .............................. yes

15.2
Mains power supply ............................... 100 VAC ... 240 VAC, 45 Hz ... 65 Hz, 650 VA
Over-voltage category ............................ 300 V CAT II

Protection classification ......................... Class I

Max. transient over-voltage ................... 1500 V

Pollution degree ..................................... 2

Degree of protection............................... IP 65 (case closed), IP 40 (case open)
Operation ............................................... Outdoor use

Dimensions (w * h * d) ........................... 47 cm x 19 cm x 37 cm
Weight ..................................................

Visual warnings ..................................... yes

Emergency stop switch .......................... yes
Display ................................................... 4.3'' (10.9 cm) 480 × 272 pixels TFT colour display
with touch screen

EMC:
Emission ............................................... Class A
Immunity ............................................... Industrial environment

Reference conditions:
Reference temperature range ................ 25 °C ± 5 °C
Reference humidity range ......................

Operation conditions:
Working temperature range ................... -
Maximum relative humidity ................... -condensing
Working nominal altitude ...................... up to 4000 m

Storage conditions:
Temperature range ................................. -
Maximum relative humidity ................... 90 %RH (-10

USB communication:
USB slave communication ...................... galvanic separated
Baud rate ............................................... 115200 bit/s

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Technical specifications

Connector ............................................... standard USB connector - type B

Bluetooth communication:
Baud rate:............................................... 115200 bit/s
Bluetooth module .................................. class 1

Data:
Memory .................................................. >1 GBit
PC software ............................................ yes

Fuses:
F1, F2 ...................................................... T 6.3 A / 250 V, (32 mm x 6.3 mm) / 1500 A

Specifications are quoted at a coverage factor of k = 2, equivalent to a confidence level of

approximately 95 %.
Accuracies apply for 1 year in reference conditions. Temperature coefficient outside these
limits is 0.2 % of measured value per °C, and 1 digit.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix A Structure items

16 Appendix A Structure items

Structure items used in Memory Organizer and relations between them:

→ →
or

→ →
or

→ →
Symbol Default Parameters
name
Node /

Project Name (designation) of project, Description (of project);

Location Name (designation) of location, Address of location

(Organization, Name, Address, Telephone, Mobile, Fax, Email,
Location number, Postcode), Description of location;
Client Name of client, Client (Organization, Name, Address, Telephone,
Mobile, Fax, Email, Client number, Postcode);
Transformer Name, Description, Serial number, Year of production, Nominal
voltage, Nominal power, Location, Winding material, Coolant
type, Reason for testing (Periodic, Routine, Malfunction),
Weather condition (Sunny, Cloudy, Rainy, Snowy, Foggy),
Temperature, Humidity, Next inspection, Comment;

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix B Vector groups

17 Appendix B Vector groups

17.1
Configuration, phase relationship, and vector diagrams are necessary to understand in
details, in order to obtain correct and credible results.
A detailed explanation and description of terminal markings, phase relationship, and vector
diagrams are contained in specification: C57.12.70 American National Standard Terminal
Markings and Connections for Distribution and Power Transformers.
The tables on the following pages are guidelines for connecting and testing three-phase
transformers.

17.1.1 IEC vector groups

The vector group column is the IEC vector group coding. The number indicates the phase
displacement in increments of 30° of the low side winding (X or LV) to the high side (H or HV)
winding. For example a D-Y transformer with a Vector group number of 1 would have a phase
displacement of 1 x 30° or 30°. The low voltage side (LV) winding has a lagging displacement
with respect to the high voltage side (HV) winding.

Phase tested:
The transformer phase that is being tested

H winding & X winding:

The transformer connections that are selected for testing

Example: Dd0 and

& X3 to be tested.

Markings on transformer terminals can vary with different nomenclature of transformer

terminals:

HV (high voltage side):

• H1/ 1U / A
• H2/ 1V / B
• H3/ 1W / C
• H0 / 1N / N
LV (low voltage side):
• X1/ 2U / a
• X2/ 2V / b
• X3/ 2W / c
• X0 / 2N / n

See charts below for more details:

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MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix B Vector groups

Vector H winding X winding Vector H winding X winding

No. No.
Group connection connection Group connection connection

1 Dd0 8 Dyn1

2 Dd2 9 Dy5

3 Dd4 10 Dyn5

4 Dd6 11 Dy7

5 Dd8 12 Dyn7

6 Dd10 13 Dy11

7 Dy1 14 Dyn11

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MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix B Vector groups

Vector H winding X winding Vector H winding X winding

No. No.
Group connection connection Group connection connection

15 Dz0 22 Dzn6

16 Dzn0 23 Dz8

17 Dz2 24 Dzn8

18 Dzn2 25 Dz10

19 Dz4 26 Dzn10

20 Dzn4 Yy0
27

21 Dz6 28 Yyn0

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MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix B Vector groups

Vector H winding X winding Vector H winding X winding

No. No.
Group connection connection Group connection connection

29 YNy0 36 YNd1

30 YNyn0 37 Yd5

31 Yy6 38 YNd5

32 Yyn6 39 Yd7

33 YNy6 40 YNd7

34 YNyn6 41 Yd11

35 Yd1 42 YNd11

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MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix B Vector groups

Vector H winding X winding Vector H winding X winding

No. No.
Group connection connection Group connection connection

43 Yz1 47 Yz7

44 Yzn1 48 Yzn7

45 Yz5 49 Yz11

46 Yzn5 50 Yzn11

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix C Programming of Auto
Sequences® on Metrel ES Manager

18 Appendix C Programming of Auto Sequences® on

Metrel ES Manager
The Auto Sequence® Editor is a part of the Metrel ES Manager software. In Auto Sequence®
Editor, Auto Sequences can be pre-programmed and organized in groups, before uploaded
to the instrument.

18.1

To enter Auto Sequence® in Home Tab of Metrel

ES Manager PC SW. Auto Sequence Editor workspace is divided in four main areas. On the
®

left side , structure of selected Auto Sequence® group is displayed. In the middle part of
the workspace , the elements of the selected Auto Sequence are shown. On the right side,
list of available single tests and list of flow commands are shown.
Single test area contains three tabs; Measurements, Inspections, and Custom inspections.
Custom inspections and their tasks are programmed by user, see chapter Custom Inspections
programming for procedure.

Auto Sequence Editor workspace

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix C Programming of Auto
Sequences® on Metrel ES Manager

An Auto Sequence begins with Name, Description and Image, followed by the first step
(Header), one or more measuring steps and ends with the last step (Result). By inserting
appropriate Single tests and Flow commands and setting their parameters, arbitrary
Auto Sequences can be created.

Example of an Auto Sequence header Example of a measurement step

Example of an Auto Sequence result part

18.2
The Auto Sequences® can be divided into different user defined groups of Auto Sequences®.
Each Auto Sequence® Group is stored in a file. More files can be opened simultaneously in
Auto Sequence editor.
Within Auto Sequence® Group, tree structure can be organized, with folders / sub-folders
containing Auto Sequences®. The tree structure of currently active Auto Sequence® Group is
displayed on the left side of the Auto Sequence® Editor workspace, see below.

Auto Sequence group - tree organization

Operation options on Files and Auto Sequence® Groups are available from menu bar at the
top of Auto Sequence® Editor workspace.

File operation options

Opens starting Auto Sequence Editor screen.

Opens a file (Auto Sequence® Group).

Creates a new file (Auto Sequence® Group).

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix C Programming of Auto
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Saves / Saves as the opened Auto Sequence® Group to a file.

Closes the file (Auto Sequence® Group).

Auto Sequence® Group view options

Expands all folders / sub-folders / Auto Sequences.

Collapses all folders / sub-folders / Auto Sequences.

Searches by name within the Auto Sequence Group.

Auto Sequence® Group operation options (also available by right clicking on Folder or Auto
Sequence®)
Adds a new folder / subfolder to the group

Adds a new Auto Sequence to the group.

Deletes:
• the selected Auto Sequence
• the selected folder with all sub-folders and Auto Sequences

Right click on the selected Auto Sequence® or Folder opens menu with additional
possibilities:
Auto sequence®: Edit Name, Description and Image.
Folder: Edit folder name
Auto Sequence®: Copy to clipboard
Folder: Copy to clipboard including sub-folders and Auto Sequences®
Auto Sequence®: Paste it to selected location
Folder: Paste it to selected location
Auto Sequence®: Creates a shortcut to selected Auto Sequence®

Double click on the object name allows name edit

DOUBLE CLICK Auto Sequence® name: Edit Auto Sequence® name

Folder name: Edit folder name

Drag and drop of the selected Auto Sequence® or Folder / Sub-folder moves it to a new
location
DRAG & DROP

move to folder
insert

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix C Programming of Auto
Sequences® on Metrel ES Manager
18.2.1 Auto Sequence® Name, Description and Image editing
When EDIT function is selected on Auto Sequence®, menu for editing presented in figure
below appear on the screen.
Editing options are:
• Name: Edit or change the name of Auto Sequence®
• Description: Any text for additional description of Auto Sequence® can be entered.
• Image: Image presenting Auto Sequence® measuring arrangement can be entered or
deleted.

Enters menu for browsing to Image location.

Deletes the Image from Auto Sequence®.

Editing the Auto Sequence Name, Description and Image

18.2.2 Search within selected Auto Sequence® group

When function is selected, Search menu as presented on figure below appear on the
screen. By entering the text into search box and click on the search icon, found results are
automatically highlighted with orange colour background. Search functionality is
implemented in Folders, Sub-folders and Auto Sequences® of selected Auto Sequence® Group.
Search text can be cleared by selecting the Clear button.

Example of Search result within Auto Sequence

group

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix C Programming of Auto
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18.3
18.3.1 Auto Sequence® steps
There are three kinds of Auto Sequence® steps.

Header
The Header step is empty by default.
Flow commands can be added to the Header step.

Measurement step
The Measurement step contains a Single test and the Operation after end of test flow
command by default. Other Flow commands can be added optionally.

Result
The Result step contains the Result screen flow command by default. Other Flow
commands can also be added to the Result step.

18.3.2 Single tests

Single tests are the same as in Metrel ES Manager Measurement menu.
Limits and parameters of the measurements can be set. Results and sub-results can't be
set.

18.3.3 Flow commands

Flow commands are used to control the flow of measurements. Refer to chapter
Description of flow commands for more information.

18.3.4 Number of measurement steps

Often the same measurement step has to be performed on multiple points on the device
under test. It is possible to set how many times a Measurement step will be repeated. All
carried out individual Single test results are stored in the Auto Sequence® result as if they
were programmed as independent measuring steps.

18.4
If creating a new Auto Sequence® from scratch, the first step (Header) and the last step
(Result) are offered by default. Measurement steps are inserted by the user.

Options
Adding a measurement step By double clicking on a Single test a new measurement
step will appear as the last of measurement steps. It
can also be dragged and dropped on the appropriate
position in the Auto sequence®.
Adding flow commands Selected flow command can be dragged from the list of
Flow commands and dropped on the appropriate place
in any Auto Sequence® step.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix C Programming of Auto
Sequences® on Metrel ES Manager
Changing position of flow
By a click on an element and use of keys.
command within measurement
step
Viewing / changing parameters of By a double click on the element.
flow commands or single tests.
Setting number of measurement
step repetitions By setting a number in the field.

Right click on the selected measurement step / flow command

Copy Paste before
A measurement step / flow command can be copied and pasted
above selected location on the same or on another Auto Sequence.

Copy Paste after

A measurement step / flow command can be copied and pasted
under selected location on the same or on another Auto Sequence.

Delete
Deletes the selected measurement step / flow command.

18.5
Double click on inserted Flow Command opens menu window, where text or picture can be
entered, external commands can be activated and parameters can be set. Flow commands
Operation after end of test and Results screen are entered by default, others are user
selectable from Flow Commands menu.

Pause
A Pause command with text message or picture can be inserted anywhere in the measuring
steps. Warning icon can be set alone or added to text message. Arbitrary text message can
be entered in prepared field Text of menu window.

Pause type Show text and/or warning ( check to show warning icon)
Show picture ( browse for image path)
Duration Number in seconds, infinite (no entry)

Buzzer mode
Passed or failed measurement is indicated with beeps.
• Pass double beep after the test
• Fail single long beep after the test
Beep happens right after single test measurement.

State On enables Buzzer mode

Off disables Buzzer mode

Operation after end of test

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix C Programming of Auto
Sequences® on Metrel ES Manager
This flow command controls the proceeding of the Auto Sequence® in regard to the
measurement results.

Operation after The operation can be individually set for the case the measurement
end of test passed, failed or ended without a status.
• pass Manual The test sequence stops and waits for appropriate
• fail command (Enter key) to proceed.
• no status
Auto The test sequence automatically proceeds.

Result screen
This flow command controls the proceeding after the Auto Sequence has ended.

Auto Save Auto Sequence results are automatically stored in the momentary
workspace.
A new Node with the date (month and year) will be created. Under the
node, Auto sequence® results will be stored. Up to 100 Auto Sequence®
results can be automatically stored under the same node. If more results
are available, they are split to multiple nodes. Local Save Flow setting is
disabled by default.

Note
• This flow command is active only if Auto Sequence® is started from
the Auto Sequence® Main menu (not from the Memory organizer).

18.6
Arbitrary set of tasks dedicated to specific user defined Inspections can be programmed with
application Custom Inspection Editor tool, accessible from Auto Sequence® Editor workspace.
Custom Inspections are stored in dedicated file *.indf with user defined name. For application
of Custom Inspections as a single test within Auto Sequence® group, appropriate file
containing specific Custom Inspections should be opened first. Custom inspections can only
be run within Auto Sequences and can't be run as Single tests.

18.6.1 Creating and editing Custom Inspections

Custom Inspection Editor workspace is entered by selecting icon from Auto

Sequences main menu. It is divided in two main areas, as presented on figure below:
®

• Custom inspection Name and Scope of inspection (Visual or Functional)

• Name of Custom Inspection Item tasks and Type of possible Item statuses (Pass /
Fail / Checked / Empty)

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix C Programming of Auto
Sequences® on Metrel ES Manager

Custom Inspection Editor workspace ,

Custom Inspection Editor main menu options:

Opens existing Custom Inspection Data file.
By selecting, menu for browsing to location of *.indf file containing one
or more Custom Inspections data appear on the screen. Selected file is
opened in dedicated tab marked with file name.
Creates a new Custom Inspection Data file.
New tab with empty workspace is opened. Default name of the new tab
is Inspection Data File; it could be renamed during Save procedure.
Saves / Saves as a Custom Inspection Data file opened on active tab.
Menu for browsing to the folder location and editing of file name is
opened. Browse to the location, confirm overwriting, if file already exists
or edit file name tosave it as a new Custom Inspection Data file.
Adds New Custom Inspection.
New inspection with default name Custom Inspection and default scope
Visual appear on the editor workspace. It contains one Item task with
default name Custom Inspection and default Type
Pass_Fail_Checked_Empty. default Name and Type can be edited -
changed.
Removes selected Custom Inspection.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix C Programming of Auto
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To select inspection, click to the inspection Name field. To remove it,
select icon from Editor main menu. Before removal, user is asked to
confirm deletion.
Duplicates selected Custom Inspection.
Selected Custom Inspection including Scope and all Custom Inspection
items and sub-items, or only selected Custom Inspection Item or sub-
item including Type can be duplicated.

Edit Name and Scope of Inspection

Inspection Name edit

Click to the Inspection Name field to start editing it. Drag cursor,
with left mouse button pressed, to select letters and words.
Position cursor and double-click to select word of the name.
Actions could be performed with keyboard also.
Press right mouse button to activate Edit menu and select
appropriate action as presented on the left figure. Menu is case
sensitive; options currently not available are greyed out.
Inspection Scope edit

Click to Inspection Scope field to open selection menu

presented on left figure.
Options are:
• Visual is intended for observation of test object
• Functional allows functional test of observed object

Edit Item task structure of Inspection

Item tasks of the selected Inspection are listed in Name
column on the right side of Editor workspace. Each Item
task can have Child Item tasks, Child Item can have its
own Child Item tasks and so on. Arbitrary tree structure
of Item tasks and sub-tasks can be built as presented on
the left figure.

ADD New Item task procedure:

Position Cursor above Item task Name and apply right

mouse click to select Item task and open menu with
options:
• Add New: new Item task is added on the top tree
level
• Add New child: new child Item task is added under
selected Item

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix C Programming of Auto
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• Remove selected: delete selected Item task with all
sub-tasks

Default name of New Item task is Custom Inspection,

default Type is Pass_Fail_Checked_Empty and both can
be edited - changed.
Item tasks containing Child Item tasks are marked with
triangle in front of their name.

Click on Triangle mark:

collapse Item task tree structure
expands Item task tree structure

Edit Name and Type of Item task

Edit Name of Item task

Click to the Item task Name field to start editing it. Drag
cursor, with left mouse button pressed, to select letters and
words. Position cursor and double-click to select word of
the name. Actions could be performed with keyboard also.
Press right mouse button to activate Edit menu and select
appropriate action as presented on the left figure. Menu is
case sensitive; options currently not available are greyed
out.

Edit Type of Item task

Click to Item Type field to open selection menu presented

on left figure.
Options are:
• Pass_Fail_Checked_Empty: Pass, Fail, Checked,
Empty, statuses enabled (default)
• Pass_Fail_Empty: Pass, Fail, Empty, statuses enabled

18.6.2 Applying Custom Inspections

Custom Inspections can be applied in Auto Sequences®. Direct assignment of Custom
Inspection to the Metrel ES Manager structure items is not possible.
After custom created Inspection Data file is opened, available inspections are listed in
Custom Inspections tab of Single test area of Auto Sequence® Editor, see chapter Auto
Sequence Editor® workspace for details.
Custom Inspection is added to Auto sequence as a Single test, see chapter Creating /
modifying an Auto Sequence® for details.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Appendix C Programming of Auto
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Opening / Changing Inspection Data File

Position cursor within Custom inspections List
area and apply mouse right click to open Option
menu:
• Browse for custom inspection file: menu for
browsing to folder location of new
Inspection Data file is opened
• Refresh: refresh content of already opened
Inspection Data file

After confirmation of selection, new Inspection

Data file is opened and list of available Custom
Inspections is changed.

Note
• If Metrel ES Manager Workscope is changed,
opened Inspection Data file remains active
and available Custom Inspections remains
the same.

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 MI 3281 WR Analyser Contacts

METREL d.o.o.
Ljubljanska cesta 77
SI-1354 Horjul
Slovenia
Phone: +386 (0)1 75 58 200
Fax: +386 (0)1 75 49 226
E-mail: [email protected]

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