1: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS

ONE MARK QUESTIONS 20. Let * be the binary operation defined on the
set of rational numbers Q defined by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 =
1. Define Reflexive Relation 𝑎𝑏 + 1, prove that * is commutative.
2. Define Symmetric Relation 21. Let * be the binary operation defined on the
3. Define Transitive Relation set of rational numbers Q defined by𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 =
4. Define Equivalence Relation 𝑎𝑏
find the identity element.
4
5. A relation R on A={1,2,3} defined by R={(1,1)
22. Let * be the binary operation on N given by
(1,2),(3,3)} is not symmetric why?
𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑙𝑐𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 & 𝑏, find 5*7
6. Give the example of a relation which is
23. Let * be the binary operation on N given by
Symmetric, transitive but not reflexive.
𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑙𝑐𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 & 𝑏, find 20*16
7. Give the example of a relation which is
24. An operation * on 𝑍 + (the experiment of all
reflexive and Symmetric, but not transitive.
non negative integer) is defined as
8. Give an example of a relation defined on set
𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 − 𝑏 ∀𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍 + is * is binary
A={1,2,3}, which is symmetric but neither
operation on 𝑍 +
reflexive nor transitive.
25. An operation * on 𝑍 + (the experiment of all
9. Give the example of a relation which is
non negative integer) is defined as
Reflexive only.
𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = |𝑎 − 𝑏| ∀𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ 𝑍 + is * is binary
10. Give the example of a relation which is
operation on 𝑍 +
Symmetric only.
26. An operation * is defined by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 .Is * is
11. Write the smallest reflexive relation on the
a binary operation on 𝑍 +
set 𝐴 = {𝑎, 𝑏}
12. Write down the identity relation on the set
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS
𝐴 = {x, y, z}
13. Define One-One function
27. A relation R is defined on the set
14. Define Onto function
𝐴 = {1,2,3,4,5,6} by 𝑅 =
15. Define Bijective function
{(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑥}. Verify whether R
16. State with reason whether the function
is symmetric and reflexive or not. Give
ℎ: {2,3,4,5} → {7,9,11,13} has inverse with
reason.
ℎ = {(2,7), (3,9), (4,11), (5,13)}
28. Verify whether the operation ∗ defined on Q
17. A relation R on A={1,2,3} defined by R={(1,1) 𝑎𝑏
(1,2),(3,3)} is not symmetric why? by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = is associative or not?
2

18. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 is defined by 29. Show that the function 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁 given by

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 − 3 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅. Write𝑓 −1 . 𝑓(1) = 𝑓(2) = 1 and 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 − 1 for every
19. Find the number of all one-one functions 𝑥 > 2 is onto but not one-one.
from set A ={1,2,3} to itself. 30. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 1 + 𝑥 2 then
show that f is neither one-one nor onto.
31. Show that the greatest integer function 44. Check whether the relation R defined in the
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥 ) = [𝑥] is set {1,2,3,4,5,6} as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 1} is
neither one-one nor onto. reflexive or symmetric.
32. State whether the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined 45. Show that the relation R in the set of real
by 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 1 + 𝑥 2 ∀𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is one-one, onto or numbers R defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏} is
objectives justify your answer. reflexive and transitive but not symmetric .
33. Show that 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 and 𝑔: 𝐵 → 𝐶 are one-one 46. Show that the relation R in the set of real
then 𝑔𝑜𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐶 is also one-one. numbers R defined as 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 𝑎 ≤ 𝑏2 } is
34. Show that 𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 and 𝑔: 𝐵 → 𝐶 are onto neither reflexive nor symmetric nor
then 𝑔𝑜𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐶 is also onto. transitive.
35. If function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 are given 47. Show that relation R in the set of all integer
by 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2 then show Z defined by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑏} is
that 𝑔𝑜𝑓 ≠ 𝑓𝑜𝑔 an equivalence relation.
36. If function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅 are given 48. Show that relation R in the set of all integer
by 𝑓(𝑥 ) = |𝑥 | and 𝑔(𝑥) = [𝑥 ] (where [𝑥] is a Z defined by 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): 5 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑎 − 𝑏} is
greatest integer function) find an equivalence relation.
1
𝑓𝑜𝑔 (− 2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔𝑜𝑓 (− 2)
1 49. Prove that relation R in the set of integers Z
defined by 𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 𝑥 − 𝑦 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟} is
37. If 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = |𝑥 | and 𝑔(𝑥) = |5𝑥 − 2| then find
(𝑖 )𝑔𝑜𝑓 (𝑖𝑖 )𝑓𝑜𝑔 an equivalence relation.
38. Find the gof and fog if 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 8𝑥 3 and 50. Show that relation R in the set
1 𝐴 = {𝑥: 𝑥 ∈ 𝑍, 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 12} given by
𝑔 (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 3
1
𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 4} is an
39. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be given by 𝑓(𝑥 ) = (3 − 𝑥 3 )3 find equivalence relation.
𝑓𝑜𝑓(𝑥). 51. Show that the relation R in the set
40. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be given by 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2, 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4,5} given by
find 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)). 𝑅 = {(𝑎, 𝑏): |𝑎 − 𝑏| 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛}. is an
41. Define the binary operation on a set. Verify Equivalence Relation.
whether the operation * defined on Z by 52. Let 𝐴 = 𝑅 − {3} and 𝐵 = 𝑅 − {1} consider the
𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏 + 1 Is binary or not. 𝑥−2
𝑓: 𝐴 → 𝐵 defined by 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥−3 is 𝑓 is one-
42. Define the binary operation on a set. Verify
one and onto. Justify your answer.
whether the operation * defined on Q set of
53. Find 𝑔𝑜𝑓 and 𝑓𝑜𝑔 if 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 and 𝑔: 𝑅 → 𝑅
rational numbers by 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏 + 1, ∀ 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈
are given by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 3𝑥 2
𝑄 is binary or not.
show that 𝑔𝑜𝑓 ≠ 𝑓𝑜𝑔
54. If f & g are two functions defined by 𝑓 (𝑥) =
THREE MARKS QUESTIONS
2𝑥 + 5 and 𝑔(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 + 5 find
(i) 𝑔𝑜𝑓(2) (ii) 𝑓𝑜𝑔(2) (iii) 𝑓𝑜𝑓(2)
43. Determine whether is the relation R in the
55. If ∗ is a binary operation defined on 𝐴 = 𝑁 ×
set 𝐴 = {1,2,3,4, … … 13,14} defined as
𝑁 by (𝑎, 𝑏) ∗ (𝑐, 𝑑 ) = (𝑎 + 𝑐, 𝑏 + 𝑑). Prove
𝑅 = {(𝑥, 𝑦): 3𝑥 − 𝑦 = 0} is reflexive,
that ∗ is both commutative and Associative.
symmetric and transitive.
Find the identity if exists.
 FIVE MARKS QUESTIONS 62. Check the injectivity and surjectivity of the
function f : R  R , given by f  x   3  4x . Is it
56. Prove the function 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑌 defined by a Bijective function?
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 𝑥 2 where 𝑌 = {𝑦: 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 , 𝑥𝜀𝑁} is 63. If 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined by 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 1 + 𝑥 2 then
invertible. Also write the inverse of 𝑓 show that f is neither one-one nor onto.
57. Consider 𝑓: 𝑅 → [5, ∞) defined by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 64. Show that the function f : R *  R * , defined by
9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 5. Show that ′𝑓′ is invertible with 1
f  x   is both one−one and onto, where R *
√𝑦+6−1 x
𝑓 −1 (𝑦) = is the set of all non−zero real numbers.
3
58. Consider 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑅 be defined by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 65. Show that the modulus function f : R  R ,
4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 15. Show that ′𝑓′ is invertible given by f  x   x is neither one−one nor onto,
and also find the inverse where |x| is x, if x is positive or 0 and |x| is
59. Prove that the function 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑌 defined by − x, if x is negative.
66. Verify whether the function f : N  N defined
𝑓(𝑥 ) = 4𝑥 + 3 Where 𝑌 = {𝑦: 𝑦 = 4𝑥 +
by f  x   x 2 is one−one, onto and bijective.
3 , 𝑥𝜀𝑁} is invertible. Also Write the inverse
67. Check injectivity and surjectivity of the
of 𝑓(𝑥).
function f : R  R given by f  x   x 2 .
60. Consider 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑅 be defined by 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
68. Check injectivity and surjectivity of the
4𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 + 5. Show that ′𝑓′ is invertible
function f : Z  Z given by f  x   x 2 .
and also find the inverse
69. Verify whether the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined
61. Consider 𝑓: 𝑅+ → [4, ∞) defined by 𝑓(𝑥 ) =
by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 is one−one, onto and bijective.
𝑥 2 + 4. Show that ′𝑓′ is invertible & also find 70. Verify whether the function 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 defined
inverse by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 is one−one, onto and bijective.