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Introduction to
Computer Applications
Lecture # 6
Objective of Lecture
Networks
Uses of Networks
Types of Networks
Wired Network
Wireless Network
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NETWORKS
Networks is a set of technologies – including hardware,
software and media – that can be used to connect
computers together, enabling them to communicate,
exchange information and share resources in real time
A computer network is a group of interconnected
computers.
It allows computers to communicate with each other and
to share resources and information.
Contd..
First Network : The Advanced Research Projects Agency
(ARPA) funded the design of the "Advanced Research
Projects Agency Network" (ARPANET) for the United
States Department of Defense
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Uses of Networks
Sharing Resources
1 printer , many people wanting to print
Access to same data and programs
Servers
Personal Communication
Email
Audio/Video/Data Conferencing
Uses of Networks
Access to remote resources
File downloads
Data Backups
Shared storage device
Regular data backup
Greater performance
Distributed computing
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Types of Computer Networks
LAN: Local Area Network
WAN: Wide Area Network
MAN: Metropolitan Area Networks
PAN: Personal Area Networks
LAN
A network of computers located in the same building
or a handful of nearby buildings
Contains printers, servers and computers
Systems are close to each other
Contained in one office or building
Organizations often have several LANS
Examples:
Computer network at UoG
Computer network of a University campus
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LAN
WAN
A network in which computers are separated by great
distances, typically across cities or even continents
May consist of several interconnected LANs
Over a large geographic area
Example:
The network connecting the ATM of a bank located in
various cities
A network connecting the local and oversea offices of a
Software house
The Internet is a WAN
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WAN
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MAN
A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than
a LAN, ranging from several blocks of buildings to entire
cities
Large network that connects different organizations
Shares regional resources
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MAN
PAN
A personal area network (PAN) is a computer
network used for data transmission among devices such
as computers, telephones and personal digital assistants
Very small scale network
Range is less than 2 meters
Bluetooth is the best example of PAN
TV remote uses infrared that's also can be included in
the PAN
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PAN
Classification (Geographical Scope)
• Wide Area Networks
• Metropolitan Area Networks
• Local Area Networks
• Personal Area Networks
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Wired NETWORKS
Wired networks, also called Ethernet networks is simply
a collection of two or more computers, printers, and
other devices linked by Ethernet cables.
Ethernet is the fastest wired network protocol, with
connection speeds of 10 megabits per second (Mbps) to
100 Mbps or higher.
Wired networks can also be used as part of other wired
and wireless networks.
To connect a computer to a network with an Ethernet
cable, the computer must have an Ethernet adapter
(sometimes called a network interface card(NIC) ).
Wireless NETWORKS
The term wireless refers to the communication or
transmission of information over a distance without
requiring wires, cables or any other electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is one of the important
mediums of transmission of data or information to other
devices.
The Communication is set and the information is
transmitted through the air, without requiring any cables,
by using electromagnetic waves like radio frequencies,
infrared, satellite, etc.
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Types of Wireless
Communication Technologies
In recent days, the wireless communication technology
has become an integral part of several types of
communication devices as it allows users to
communicate even from remote areas.
The devices used for wireless communication are:
cordless telephones
mobiles
ZigBee technology
wireless computer parts etc.
Types of Wireless
Communication Technologies
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Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi is a form of low-power wireless communication
used by many electronic devices such as laptops,
systems, smart phones, etc.
In a Wi-Fi setup, a wireless router serves as the
communication hub.
These networks are extremely limited in range due to
low power of transmissions allowing users to connect
only within close proximity to a router or signal repeater.
Wi-Fi is common in home networking applications
which provides portability without any need of cables.
Wi-Fi networks need to be secured with passwords for
security purposes in order not to be accessed by others
Wi-Fi
Advantages
Ease of Integration and Convenience – The wireless
nature of such networks allows users to access network
resources from nearly any convenient location.
Mobility – With the emergence of public wireless
networks, users can access the internet even outside
their normal working environment.
Expandability – Wireless networks are capable of
serving a suddenly-increased number of clients with the
existing equipment. In a wired network, additional clients
require additional wiring.
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Wi-Fi
Disadvantages
Range will be insufficient for a larger structure – and, in
order to increase its range, repeaters or additional
access points have to be purchased.
The speed on most wireless networks will be slower than
the slowest common wired networks.
Installation of an infrastructure-based wireless network is
a complex to set up.
Bluetooth Technology
Bluetooth technology allows you to connect a variety of
different electronic devices wirelessly to a system for the
transfer and sharing of data and this is the main function
of Bluetooth.
Cell phones are connected to hands-free earpieces,
wireless keyboard, mouse and mike to laptops with the
help of Bluetooth as it transmits information from one
device to other device.
Bluetooth technology has many functions, and it is used
most commonly in wireless communications’ market.
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Bluetooth Technology
Bluetooth Technology
Features
Bluetooth technology uses radio waves to communicate
between devices. Most of these radio waves have a
range of 15-50 feet.
According to the official Bluetooth website, Bluetooth
uses a low-power signal with a maximum range of 50
feet with sufficient speed to enable transmission of data.
The pairing process identifies and connects any two
devices to each other. It also prevents interference from
other non-paired Bluetooth devices in the area.
It uses maximum power only when it is required, thus
preserving battery life.
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ZigBee
ZigBee is a wireless communication standard designed
to address the unique needs of low-power, low-cost
wireless sensor, and control networks.
ZigBee can be used almost anywhere, as it is easy to
implement and requires little power to operate.
Zigbee has been developed looking into the needs of
the communication of data with a simple structure like
the data from the sensors.
ZigBee
Features
ZigBee devices are designed for low-power
consumption.
ZigBee is used in Commercial Applications like sensing
and monitoring applications.
ZigBee uses very low power and extremely long device
battery life.
ZigBee gives flexibility to do more with the reliable
wireless performance and battery operation.
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Infrared
Infrared is a media transmission system that transmits
data signals through light emitting diodes (LEDs) or
Lasers.
Infrared is an electromagnetic energy at a wavelength
which is longer than that of the red light.
The information cannot be travelled through obstacles in
an infrared system, but can be inhibited by light.
One type of infrared is the point to point system in which
transmission is possible between two points limited to a
range and line of sight.
Difference between wired and
wireless
The main difference between a wired and wireless data
communication infrastructure is the existence of physical
cabling.
The same, or similar techniques are employed for both
types of data communication infrastructure in terms of
the core elements of essential network services.
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Difference between wired and
wireless
Wired media Wireless media
A wired network uses whereas a wireless network
wires to communicate. uses radio waves.
Wired networks are easy where wireless networks
to set up and are comparatively difficult to
troubleshoot. set up, maintain, and
troubleshoot.
Wired networks make you while wireless ones provide
immobile.
you with convenience of
Wired networks prove movement.
expensive when covering while wireless networks do
a large area because of not involve this cost.
the wiring and cabling.
Difference between wired and
wireless
Wired media Wireless media
Wired networks have better wireless networks have
transmission speeds than lower transmission
wireless ones.
speeds than Wired ones.
In a wired network, a user
does not have to share while in wireless
space with other users and networks, the same
thus gets dedicated speeds connection may be
while in wireless networks,
shared by multiple users.
the same connection may
be shared by multiple users.
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