CLAP SWITCH

By

KIRAN JAGAN PATIL

Guided by
Mis. V.R.HIRE

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
S.S.V.P.S.’s B.S. DEORE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
DHULE-424 005.
2023 - 2024
S.S.V.P.S.’s B.S. DEORE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,
DHULE-424 005.
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS &
TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Date

This is to certify that the miniproject entitled “CLAP SWITCH” has

been carried out by KIRAN JAGAN PATIL under our guidance in
partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in
Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering of Dr. Babasaheb
Ambedkar Technical University during the academic year 2023-
2024. To the best of my knowledge and belief this work has not been
submitted elsewhere for the award of any other degree.

Guide HOD Principal

Prof. Prof. Dr. P. S .Patil Prof. Dr. H D
Patil
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, we would like to express our special thanks of

gratitude of our Seminar supervisor Prof. V.R.Hire mam for their
valuable guidance and support in completing our Seminar. Sir truly
introduced us outline of research work and how to start topic
searching, content building as well as planning and writing the
Seminar report. While completing this Seminar we learned many
new things which will be certainly helpful for us in future.
Secondly, we would also like to extend gratitude to our
beloved Principal Prof. Dr. Hitendra Patil Sir & Head of
Department – E&TC Engineering Prof. Dr. Pravin Patil Sir for
providing required facilities.
Finally, we would like to thank all our college faculties,
non teaching staff and friends who helped us out in finalizing this
Seminar within the limited time frame.

Date:
Place: Dhule
Name of Student: Mr. Kiran Jagan Patil
Branch / Year: T.Y B. Tech. – E&TC Engineering
Roll No: 16
PRN: 2151031372019
Sr. No. Name of Chapter / Topic Page No.
Abstract 5
Introduction 6

1. Chapter 1 – Introduction to clap switch 6

1.2 Basic principle 7
1.3 Block Diagram 7
1.4 Didcription of block diagram 8
1.4.1 Audio amplifier 8

1.4.2 Flip Flop circuit 8

1.4.3 Circuit amplifier 8
2 Chapter 2 9

2.1 Circuit component 9

2.1.1 Resistor 10
2.1.2 Capacitor 10
2.1.3 Battery 11
2.1.4 Tansistor 11
3 Chapter-3 Circuit diagram 12

4 Chapter-4 Working of the circuit 14

5 Chapter-5 Advantage-Disadvantage of Clap switch 16

6 Chapter -Application 18

7 Chapter 7 - conclusion 19

8 Chapter-8 referance 20
 CHAPTER 1

1.1INTRODUCTION
This is a project on CLAP SWITCH which can switch
on/off any electrical circuit by the sound of a clap. The operation of
the circuit is simple. If we clap the lamp turns on and to switch it
off clap again . The condenser microphone picks up the sound of
your claps, coughs, and the sound of that
book knocked off the table. It produces a small electrical signal
which is amplified by the succeeding transistor stage. Two
transistors cross connected as a bi-stable multi vibrator change state
at each signal. One of these
transistors drives a heavier transistor which controls a lamp. This
circuit can switch on and off a light, a fan or a radio etc by the
sound of a clap.
This circuit is constructed using basic electronic components like
resistors, transistors, relay, transformer, capacitors. This circuit
turns 8ON9 light for the first clap. The light turns ON till the next
clap. For the next clap the light turns OFF. This circuit works with
12V voltage .Therefore a step-down transformer 12V/300mA is
employed. This working of this circuit is based on amplifying
nature of the transistor, switching nature of transistor, relay as an
electronic switch .Basically, this is a Sound operated switch.

1.2 BASIC PRINCIPLE

The basic principle of this clap switch circuit is that it converts
sound signal into electrical energy. The input component is a
transducer that receives clap sound as input and converts it to
electrical pulse. The basic idea of clap switch is that the electric
microphone picks up the sound of your claps, coughs, and the
sound of that book knocked off the table. It produces a small
electrical signal which is amplified by the succeeding transistor
stage. Two
transistors cross connected as a bi-stable multi vibrator change state
at each signal. One of these transistors drives a heavier transistor
which controls a lamp. This circuit is constructed using basic
electronic components like resistors, transistors, relay, transformer,
capacitors. This circuit turns 8ON9 light for the first clap. The light
turns ON till the next clap. For the next clap the light turns OFF.
This circuit works with 12V voltage .Therefore a step-down
transformer 12V/300mA is employed. This working of this circuit
is based on amplifying nature of the transistor, switching nature of
transistor, relay as an electronic switch .Basically, this is a Sound
operated switch.

1.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM

1.4DESCRIPTION OF BLOCK DIAGRAM:
1.4.1AUDIO AMPLIFIER:

when we clap our hands , the sound is received by by AUDIO

AMPLIFIER. Here the given sound signal is converted into
electrical signal and then amplified by using transistors.

1.4.2FLIP FLOP CIRCUIT:

After amplifying the given input signal (sound of a clap) ,it is fed to
flip flop circuit. It consists of two transistors, one for the on
position and the other for the off position. For this reason it is also
known as bi-stable multi vibrator.

1.4.3CIRCUIT AMPLIFIER:

The signal after this process the outcome electric signal becomes
very weak. So, it is amplified using another transistor and given to
relay, it acts as a mechanical switch.
 CHAPTER 2
2.1CIRCUIT COMPONENTS

2.1RESISTORS
Resistors are the most common passive electronic component (one
that does not require power to operate). They are used to control
voltages and currents. While a resistor is a very basic component,

there are many ways to

manufacture them. Each style has its own characteristics that make
it desirable in certain types of applications. Choosing the right type
of resistor is important to making high-performance or precision
circuits work well. This bonus chapter covers the resistor types and
helps with picking the right one for your project. All resistors are
basically just a piece of conducting material with a specific value of
resistance. For that piece of conducting material to be made into a
practical resistor, a pair of electrodes and leads are attached so
current can flow. The resistor is then coated with an insulating
material to protect the conducting material from the surrounding
environment and vice versa. There are several different resistor
construction methods and body styles (or packages) that are
designed for a certain range of applied voltage,power dissipation, or
other considerations. The construction of the resistor can affect its
performance at high frequencies where it may act like a small
inductor or capacitor has been added, called parasitic inductance or
capacitance
2.3CAPACITORS

Capacitor has ability to store charge and release them at a later

time. Capacitance is the measure of the amount of charge that a
capacitor can store for a given applied voltage. The unit of
capacitance is the farad (F) or
microfarad. The capacitors used in the circuit are electrolytic-
capacitor.
In the circuit the electrolytic capacitor is used as a bypass capacitor.
Any noise variation in the circuit is removed by the capacitor.

2.4BATTERY

In electricity, a battery is a device consisting of one or more

electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into
electrical energy.
Since the invention of the first battery (or
"voltaic pile") in 1800 by Alessandro Volta and
especially since the technically improved Daniel
cell in 1836, batteries have become a common
power source for many household and industrial
applications. According to a 2005 estimate, the
worldwide batteryindustry generates US$48 billion
in sales each year, with 6% annual growth There are two
typebatteries: primary batteries (disposable batteries), which
ardesigned to be used once and discarded, and secondary
batterie(rechargeable batteries), which are designed to be recharged
and used multiple times.Batteries come in many sizes, from
miniature cells used to power hearing aids and wristwatches to
battery banks the size of rooms that provide standby power for
telephone exchanges and computer data centres.

2.5TRANSISTOR

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch

electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of
semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection
to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the
transistor's terminals changes the current flowing through another
pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be
higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a
signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many
more are found embedded in integrated circuit
 CHAPTER 3
3.1CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 CHAPTER 4

4.1WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT

Clap switch is a circuit that can switch ON & OFF a light, fan,
radio etc. by the sound of clap. The sound of clap is received by a
small microphone that is shown biased by resistor R1 in the circuit.
The microphone changes sound wave in to electrical wave which is
further amplified by Q1.Transistor Q1 is used as common emitter
circuit to amplify weak signals received by the microphone.
Amplified output from the collector of transistor Q1 is
then feed to the bi-stable multi vibrator circuit also known as flip-
flop. Flip-flop circuit is made by using two Transistors, in our
circuit Q2 and Q3. In a flip-flop circuit, at a time only one transistor
conduct and other cut off and when it gets a trigger pulse from
outside source then first transistor is cut off and 2nd transistor
conducts. Thus output of transistor is either logic-0 or logic-1 and it
remains in one state 0 or 1 until it gets trigger pulse from outer
source. The pulse of clap which is a trigger for flip-flop which
makes changes to the output which is complementary
(reverse).Output of flip-flop which is in the low current form is
unable to drive relay directly so we have used a current amplifier
circuit by using Q4 which is a common emitter circuit. Output of
Q4 is connected to a Relay (Electromagnetic switch), works like a
mechanical switch. With the help of a relay it is easy for connecting
other electrical appliance. The relay contact is connected to the
power line and hence turns on/off any electrical appliance
connected all the way through relay.
4.2WORKING OF THE CIRCUIT COMPONENTS

4.2.1TRANSFORMER
230 V ac is converted to 12 V ac by transformer and this ac current
is converted to dc by diode.

4.2.2MICROPHONE
Sound energy received by microphone is converted to electrical
signals. Microphones are types of transducers, they convert acoustic
energy i.e. sound signal. Basically, a microphone is made up of a
diaphragm, which is a thin piece of material that vibrates when it is
struck by sound wave. This causes other components in the
microphone to vibrate leading to variations in some electrical
quantities thereby causing electrical current to be generated. The
current generated in the microphone is the electrical pulse. The
current generated by a microphone is very small and this current is
referred to as mic level and typically measured in milli-volts.
Before it is usable, the signal must be amplified, usually to line
level, with typical value within (0.5 3 2) volts, which is stronger .So
the signal produced by microphone is amplified by transistor Q1.
The basic action of this transistor Q1 is to receive an input signal
from the input transducer (microphone), control the amount of
power that the amplifier takes from power source (Vs) and converts
it into power needed to energize the load.

4.2.3FLIP-FLOP ARRANGEMENT
The transistors Q2,Q3 arranged like flip flop acts as counter and
produces a single output pulse when triggered .So, it is also known
as the triggered pulse producer .If it doesn9t receives 2 claps within
3 minutes the diode D4 doesn9t receives any signal from flip flop
arrangement and the bulb B1 doesn9t glow and in the other case
diode D4 acts as switch and allows electric signals .

4.2.4RELAY
The relay is an electrically operated switch. It is also called as
mechanical switch . If a small voltage is applied to its input
terminal, it activates an electromagnet and closes its contacts. These
contacts can then switch on larger amounts of current and voltage
safely. But a low power transistor is also needed to switch the
current for the relay9s coil. Here the transistor Q4 is a low power
transistor. As a result the bulb B1 glows.
 CHAPTER 5
ADVANTAGES

1. The primary application involves an elderly or mobility-impaired

person.
2. We can turn something (e.g. a lamp) on and off from any
location in the room (e.g. while lying in the bed) simply by
clapping our hands.
3. Low cost and reliable circuit.
4. Complete elimination of man power.
5. Energy efficient.

DISADVATAGES

1. It is generally cumbersome to have to clap one9s hands to turn

something on or off and it is gerally seen as simpler for most use
cases to use a traditional light switch.
2. Unless we use a filter in the circuit , it is not that advantageous.
So that circuit activates only for clap of particular frequencies and
then it becomes accurate
 CHAPTER 6

APPLICATIONS
1. Clap activated switch device will serve well in different phono-
controlled
applications.
2. Clap switch is generally used for a light, television, radio or
similar electronic device that the person will want to turn on/off
from bed.
3. This circuit functions on using the sound energy provided by the
clap which is converted into electrical energy by condenser
microphone . Using this converted electrical energy which is used
to turn on relay (an electronic switch).
4. The primary application involves an elderly or mobility-impaired
person.
5. The major advantage of a clap switch is that you can turn
something (e.g. a lamp) on and off from any location in the room
(e.g. while lying in bed) simply by clapping your hands.
6. The major disadvantage is that it's generally cumbersome to have
to clap one's hands to turn something on or off and it's generally
seen as simpler for most use cases to use a traditional light switch .
 CHAPTER 7
CONCLUSION
The clap activated switching device function properly by
responding to both hand claps at about three to four meter away and
finger tap sound at very close range, since both are low frequency
sounds and produce the same pulse wave features. The resulting
device is realizable, has good reliability and it9s relatively
inexpensive. Assemble the circuit on a general-purpose PCB and
enclose it in a suitable box. This circuit is very useful in field of
electronic circuits. By using some modification it area of
application can be extended in various fields. It can be used to
raised alarm in security system with a noise ,and also used at the
place where silence needed.

FUTURE SCOPE
1. We can increase the range of this equipment by using better Mic.
2. We can use this as Remote Controller.
 RESULT

We constructed the circuit as per circuit diagram .

And we verified the clap switch circuit. i.e when sound occurs near
by the circuit the led in the circuit glows and for the second clap it
is in off condition .

REFERENCES
1. www.scribd.com

2. www.electronicschematics.in

3. www.circuiteasy.com

4. www.kpsec.com

5. www.buildcircuit.com

6. www.electronicsforu.com