1

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Social media refers to methods of communication where individuals

produce, share, and/or exchange knowledge and concepts in online groups and

networks. Today’s generation is readily available through the advancement of

technology, thereby opening a platform for discussion between social media and

the mental health of the present era. Social media has become an almost

indispensable part of daily life, particularly among high school students. Social

media is a platform for people to discuss their issues and opinions.

For conducting research on the effects of social media usage on the

mental health of grade 11 students at Lourdes National High School is

multifaceted. Firstly, adolescence is a vulnerable period where individuals are

particularly susceptible to both the positive and negative impacts of social media

due to ongoing identity formation and peer influence. Understanding how social

media affects the mental well-being of this specific demographic can provide

insights into potential risk factors and protective measures. Secondly, Lourdes

National High School, like many educational institutions, plays a crucial role in

shaping students' social interactions and psychological development.

 2

Recognizing the potential influence of social media on students' mental health

can guide

the school in implementing targeted interventions and support systems to

promote healthier online behaviors and mitigate any negative consequences.

Thirdly, by focusing on grade 11 students, this research can capture a pivotal

stage in their academic journey, where pressures related to academic

performance, future aspirations, and social dynamics are heightened. Exploring

how social media usage intersects with these factors can elucidate its impact on

stress levels, self-esteem, and overall psychological well-being. Furthermore,

conducting this research within the specific context of Lourdes National High

School allows for a deeper understanding of the local dynamics and challenges

faced by its student population. This localized approach facilitates the

development of tailored strategies and resources that resonate with the school's

unique cultural, social, and educational environment.

As a confronting population of the present era, the younger generation is

encountering an emerging stage of life and is at higher risk of serious mental

health problems. Little, however, is known about how social media usage

influences the academic performance of the students at Lourdes National High

School, this may also affect students’ behavior. Social media can enhance

connection, increase self-esteem, and improve a sense of belonging yet it will

make students unfocused on their academic performances students also

 3

experience cyberbullying, but it can also lead to tremendous stress, pressure to

compare oneself to others, and increased sadness and isolation. According to a

recent study, using social media may help young people better deal with

emotional distress, particularly when they are grieving the loss of a loved one

(Williams &

Merten, 2009). Concerns about exposure to undesired information, online

victimization, and engaging in risky online behaviors are the three basic

categories into which social media anxiety can be divided.

Overall, investigating the effects of social media usage on the mental

health of grade 11 students at Lourdes National High School serves to address

an important gap in current literature, inform evidence-based interventions, and

ultimately contribute to the promotion of holistic student well-being in the digital

age. Thus, this study is designed to find out the positive and negative effects of

social media on the academic performance of students at Lourdes National High

School. Mostly the students at Lourdes National High School use social media

and this becomes their go-vent. Using social media also affects our mental health

and these are being disrupted, and experience delayed sleep, which is

associated with depression, memory loss, and poor academic performance.

Theoretical Background

Social media has become an integral part of the lives of many teenagers,

including Grade 11 CSS students in Lourdes National High School. While social
 4

media can have some positive benefits, such as helping students to stay

connected with friends and family, it is important to be aware of the potential

negative effects on mental health. One theory that has been proposed to explain

the link between social media use and mental health is the social comparison

theory. This theory suggests that people naturally compare themselves to others,

and that this comparison can lead to negative feelings if they feel like they do not

measure up. Social media platforms make it easy to compare oneself to others,

as they often present a highly curated and idealized version of people’s lives.

This can lead to feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, and envy. Another

theory that has been proposed is the fear of missing out (FOMO) theory. FOMO

is the feeling that others are having more fun or living better lives than oneself.

Social media platforms can contribute to FOMO by constantly exposing users to

images and videos of other people’s seemingly perfect lives. This can lead to

feelings of anxiety, depression, and dissatisfaction with one’s own life. In addition

to these theories, there are several other factors that may contribute to the link

between social media use and mental health in Grade 11 CSS students. For

example:

● Excessive social media use can lead to sleep deprivation and problems with

relationships.

● Social media can be used to bully or harass others, which can have a

devastating impact on the victim’s mental health.

 5

● Students who are already struggling with mental health problems may be more

vulnerable to the negative effects of social media use.

The impacts of social media usage on students’ mental health M

Mathewson J. Student Affairs 29, 146-160, 2020 Although social media usage

has become increasingly pervasive among students in college in the last decade,

it was not known if these platforms are positively or negatively related to

students’ perception of their mental well-being. The purpose of this correlational

study was to measure the relationship between social media usage and the

mental health of college students to improve student affairs practice. In spring

2019, simple random sampling was used to invite 5,000 undergraduate students

from a large, public, professional doctoral institution in the Midwestern region of

the United States—to complete a survey measuring their frequency and type of

engagement on social media and the participants perceived experiences with

depression, anxiety, and suicidality (experience of suicidal thoughts or attempts).

Results indicated correlations exist between the frequency and types of social

media usage and the perceived mental health of students. It is believed the

findings of this study will enhance student affairs professionals’ understanding of

how social media usage impacts students’ mental health using Leon Festinger’s

Social Comparison Theory (Festinger, 1954) and The Interpretation Comparison

Model (Stapel, 2007; Stapel & Koomen, 2000).

 6

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON MENTAL HEALTH

A review Hilal Bashir, Shabir Ahmad Bhat International Journal of Indian

Psychology 4 (3), 125-131, 2017 From past two-decade social media beheld a

sporadic enhancement in quantity, quality and utility. As the body of an individual

is nourished by the intake of necessary mineral elements obtained through

nutrition, likewise the human mind is nurtured by the availability of nutrition for
 7

thought. Nowadays, which is readily available through the advancement of

technology, thereby opening a platform for discussion between social media and

mental health of present era. From the dawn of the internet and social networking

sites human resources of contemporary world have become more social virtually

but less practically. This virtual life is isolating present man from other fellow

beings thereby affecting his health (mental & physical) and overall balance.

Increased usage of social networking among adults of the present era is a matter

of concern for parents, society & researchers, as there are always two sides

(positive & negative) to every innovation. The aim of present research is to

explore the effect of social media on mental health. To achieve said purpose, the

investigator reviewed and synthesized available related literature. Literature

summed so far reveals that younger generation operates susceptibly. As a

confronting population of the present era, younger generation is experiencing

embryonic stage of life and is at higher risk of serious mental health problem.

The younger generation of present era is acting as active users of social media

which has affinity towards the problems of mental health. The present perilous

situation requires

more understanding, to know the relation between social media and mental

health problems is just a kickoff point. Exploring and understanding the means

with the help of which social media is affecting mental health of present younger
 8

generation is succeeding step which can illuminate the connections which are at

play among these variables of young generation.

EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF

STUDENTS

Effects of social media usage and social media multitasking on the

academic performance of university students Wilfred WF Lau Computers in

human behavior 68, 286-291, 2017 In today’s society, social media have become

an almost indispensable part of daily life, particularly among university students,

who are generally heavy social media users. Social media multitasking has also

been increasingly prevalent. Little, however, is known about how social media

usage and social media multitasking influence the academic performance of

university students. This study examined whether and how these two behaviors

predict academic performance among university students. From a sample of 348

undergraduate students at a comprehensive university in Hong Kong, this study

found that using social media for academic purposes was not a significant

predictor of academic performance as measured by cumulative grade point

average, whereas using social media for nonacademic purposes (video gaming

in particular) and social media multitasking significantly negatively predicted

academic performance. View at sciencedirect.com Cited by 612 Related articles

All 4 versions core.ac.uk A study on the impact of social media usage on student
 9

academic performance: University of Tabuk an Example M Oueder, Inam

Abousaber American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology,

and Sciences (ASRJETS) 40 (1), 77-88, 2018 The use of social media has met a

rapid growth among the few past decades. This growth makes it very popular for

communication amongst university students especially Tabuk university students.

In fact, these social websites can be a good way to exchange information

between students and even with their teachers. However, excessive social media

can affect the student academic performance and make this use in question. This

research tries to investigate about the benefits and the drawbacks of the social

media use on student academic performance by conducting a survey on

university students in Saudi Arabia especially in Tabuk university. The survey also

explored which social network is the most popular amongst Tabuk university

students and which one is useful for their academic skills. The survey has

received 270 responses and descriptive statistics show the relationship between

the numbers of hours spent exploring the social media sites and the academic

performances for the students. The results of this paper can be useful to propose

an effective plan to enhance the academic performance for the students by

improving the use of the social media sites.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS’ SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE

 10

Examining the Relationship Between Students’ Social Media Usage,

Smartphone Checking During Lessons/Studying, and Academic Achievement

(GPA) June 2023 DOI:10.23919/MIPRO57284.2023.10159915 Conference:

MIPRO 2023Volume: 46 Authors: Maja Kucar Institute of Social Sciences Ivo

Pilar Violeta Vidacek Hains University of Zagreb Ratko Kovacic Download full-

text PDF References (29) Figures (2) Abstract and Figures The interaction of

young people with modern technology, specifically social media, is being studied

in the context of their mental health, academic performance, cognitive

functioning, and other psychological functions. This cross-sectional study aimed

to examine the relationship between the students’ social media usage,

smartphone checking during lessons or while studying, and their academic

achievement (GPA). In total, 225 participants took part in the study, with a mean

age of 17.22 years (SD=1.57). To examine the role of time spent on FB/IG,

frequency of checking FB/IG, and smartphone checking during lessons/while

studying, a hierarchical regression analysis was made. In the first step of the

analysis, the participants’ age and gender were controlled for, and both were

significant predictors of the students’ GPA. According to the findings, younger

age, and female gender both predict a higher GPA. The amount of time spent on

IG was a negative predictor of the student’s GPA. Furthermore, the frequency of

FB checking was also a predictor of the GPA, students who checked FB more

frequently had higher GPAs. The two different measures of social media usage

(time spent and frequency of checking) were moderately congruent. In total, the
 11

regression model explained 20% of the variance in the criteria (the GPA). The

limitations and contributions of this study were discussed.

REVIEW OF RELATED STUDIES

Practically, social media has a great impact on individuals. It enhances

connection and communication, information sharing, educational and networking

opportunities, increases self-esteem and improves a sense of belonging. But it

can also lead to tremendous stress, pressure to compare oneself to others and

increase sadness and isolation. Thus, social media persuades to destructing

activities, disrupting sleep, exposing to bullying, rumor spreading, unrealistic

views of other people likes and peer pressure, decline to face to face

communication, cyber stalking and harassment and decreased in privacy of

individual. In line with this, do not use social media excessively and not lavishly.

Frequent social media usage has been linked to depression, anxiety and

feeling of loneliness. (Lancaster General Health). Recent studies by The National

Center for Health Research suggest people who frequently use social media feel

more depressed and less happy with life than those who spend more time on

non-screen-related activities.

According to the author Christine M. Stabler, MD, MBA a medical director

of Women’s Health for Lancaster General Health, the following are some effects

social media on mental health.

 12

1. Almost Addictive

Social media apps and websites have the same kind of effect on the brain as

playing a slot machine. Since you don’t know the content, you’ll see it until you

open the app. For individual curiosity you will do it spontaneously which really

results in actual cause a

feeling of reward by releasing dopamine. This means we feel a sense of

temporary pleasure which leads to creating a long-lasting feeling of happiness or

well-being.

2. Focusing on Interactions

More trouble can arise when you place too much emphasis on the interactions

you receive or content you share. For instance, if you post a picture hoping to

receive likes and comments and don’t get the feedback you desire you may be

fully disappointed. You may also experience disappointment when comparing

your post to those of other people. This may result in low self-esteem, distraction

from tasks and even feeling anxiety or depression.

3. Filters are fun but also Fake

Filters exemplify how social media can be positive and negative. Recently,

people on social media are adapting the “photo lab” which makes individual get

so much fun but also

11
 13

a fake. Try to see filters for what they are – a fun tool to make yourself look

different online, but not something that’s necessary to recreate.

4. Feelings of Missing Out

Fear of missing out of FOMO is another reason scrolling through social

media is so enticing. In the sense your classmates and friends are using social

media; you may worry about missing a message, inside jokes or other

information that connects you to your peers.

However, constant checking and scrolling can have a detrimental effect on

schoolwork and studying. The distraction can lead to procrastination, less

retention of information and higher levels of stress. You may also experience

feelings of exclusion, loneliness or anxiety when you see posts of others enjoying

a good time.

To restrain these unhealthy effects on social media a University of

Pennsylvania study suggest the using social media less than your typical amount

can decrease loneliness and depression. The following are the effects on

spending much time on social and it’s important to be self-aware and recognize

these warning sign:

• Feeding increased anxiety, depression and or loneliness

• Spending more time on social media than with friends and family

• Comparing yourself with others or frequently feeling jealous

 14

• Being trolled or cyberbullied online

• Engaging in risky behaviors or outrageous photos to gain like and

comments

• Noticing that your schoolwork and relationship are suffering

• De-prioritizing self-care such as exercise, sleep and mindfulness

If you are experiencing these warning signs, try to decrease your social media

time. This might mean setting screen time limits, time restrictions for certain apps

on your phone or

allocating designated hours for checking your accounts. Some even find that the

occasional break or “detox” from social media can help them focus on their

mental health and relationships. The idea that Internet use may have a negative

effect on one’s wellbeing is not new. In 1995, The HomeNet Project provided

internet access and a computer to 93 households that had no previous internet

experience and tracked their psychological health over several years (Kraut et

al., 2002). After the initial year of internet use the researchers concluded that

greater use of the internet was associated with more signs of loneliness and

depression. In 2012, Rosen, Cheever, and Carrier coined the term “iDisorder,”

defined as the negative relationship between technology usage and

psychological health. More recently, researchers have turned towards social

media, seeking to determine if it has deleterious effects on mental health. In

2013, Rosen et al. Studied the Facebook usage of 1,143 college-age students.
 15

The researchers found that major depressive disorder, dysthymia, bipolar-mania,

narcissism, antisocial personality disorder, and compulsive behavior were

predicted by one or more Facebook usage variables (general use, number of

friends, use for image management).

SOCIAL MEDIA AND DEPRESSION

A Croatian study (Pantic et al., 2012) found that time spent on Facebook

by high school students was positively correlated with depression. These findings

were mirrored by Rosen et al. (2013), who found that respondents who spent

more time onlin and those who performed more Facebook image management

evidenced more clinical symptoms of major depression. A study of American

University students found that more intense Facebook use predicted increased

loneliness (Lou et al., 2012). Also, according to Kalpidou et al. (2011), college

students who reported having higher numbers of Facebook friends experienced

lower emotional adjustments to college life. Further, the same study found that

college students who spent more time on Facebook reported having lower self-

esteem than those who spent less time

SOCIAL MEDIA AND NARCISSIS

 16

In a special case, Rosen (2013) found that for people with high levels of

narcissism, high levels of Facebook activity were associated with lower levels of

depression. Although lower levels of depression were found, this still can’t be

counted as a positive effect. According to the DSM-IV TR (American Psychiatric

Association, 2000), narcissistic personality disorder is marked by a grandiose

sense of self-importance, fantasies of unlimited power, self-promotion, vanity,

and superficial relationships. Furthermore, according to Rosen et al. (2013),

many studies show that social networking sites exacerbate narcissism. The

researchers themselves found that more time spent on Facebook and a higher

frequency of checking Facebook predicted higher narcissism scores.

SOCIAL MEDIA AND ANXIETY

There are also several studies linking social media to anxiety and compulsive

behavior. A recent research study found that 45% of British adults indicated they

feel worried or uncomfortable when they cannot access their email or social

network sites (Anxiety UK, 2012). Rosen et al., (2013) found that younger

generation (particularly the iGeneration and Net Generation) are checking in very

often (defined as every hour, every 15 minutes, or all the time) With their

messages and social networks. Also, younger generations were scored as

consistently more anxious than older generations when they were unable to

check their social networks and texts. A new medical term has been created out
 17

of this constant connectivity: Phantom vibration syndrome, define as perceived

vibration from a cell phone that is not vibrating, has been reported to occur with

large numbers of people (Drouin et al., 2012; Rothberg et al., 2010). Phantom

vibration syndrome may reflect a manifestation of the anxiety that cellphones

elicit in those who are obsessed with checking in on their social media and

messages.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aims to identify the effect of social media usage on mental

health of grade 11 CSS-A students at Lourdes National High School in the school

year 2023-2024.
 18

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following questions:

1. What are the effects of social media usage on their mental health?

2.How much time do they typically spend utilizing social media platforms?

3.How does social media help their daily living?

STATEMENT HYPOTHESIS

Social media usage can have benefits, including increased quality in

friendships, and an increased sense of bonding. These are things that would

undoubtedly have a positive impact on our mental health. Essentially, the

question remains, does social media have a negative or positive impact on our

mental health overall? One way in which social media use has positively

impacted mental health is by making information and resources regarding mental

illness and health more easily accessible. Social media also created a more

natural way to access support groups due to it being anonymous, being

accessible twenty-four/seven, and it has no geographic limitations. For people

struggling with any illness that impacts their emotional well-being, social media

usage can have benefits, including, increased quality in friendships, and an

increased sense of bonding. These are things that would undoubtedly have a

positive impact on our mental health. Essentially, the question remains, does

social media have a negative or positive impact on our mental health overall?

One way in which social media use has positively impacted mental health is by
 19

making information and resources regarding mental illness and health more

easily accessible.

Social media also created a more natural way to access support groups

due to it being anonymous, being accessible twenty-four/seven, and it has no

geographic limitations. For people struggling with any illness that impacts their

emotional well-being, having an outlet to talk about it with others going through a

similar issue has been proven helpful. However, physical and mental illnesses

sometimes come with a stigma that stops people from seeking help. Social

media platforms make that stigma an arguable point. G, having an outlet to talk

about it with others going through a similar issue has been proven helpful.

However, physical and mental illnesses sometimes come with a stigma that stops

people from seeking help. Social media platforms make that stigma an arguable

point.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The findings of this study will benefit the following:

School administrators. With the use of this study, they will be able to identify

why the students can’t perform well academically.

Teachers. This study may also be useful to the educators, they will be

knowledgeable why their students lack focus when it comes to lectures.

 20

The future researchers. This study will be a useful reference for researchers

who intend to conduct any related research.

Students. Students pursuing comparable studies may use this study as a guide

and resource.

Scope and Limitations

This quantitative research aims to explore only the effects of social media

usage on mental health of students in Lourdes National High school. Our

respondents will be Grade 11 CSS (Computer Systems Servicing) A students in

the school year 2023-2024. Out of 50 Grade 11 CSS (Computer Systems

Servicing) A students in Lourdes National High School, 35 were used as a

sample in conducting the survey. This study will not cover the other problems that

are not necessarily connected on CSS students’ perspective and not having any

connection about the effects of social media usage on their mental health such

as factors that outside of the scope of this study.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researchers plan for studying how social media affects the mental

health of Grade 11 CSS-A students at Lourdes National High School will be

involve using questionnaires to gather information. The researchers will select a

 21

group of Grade 11 CSS-A students using a convenient method to make sure it

represents the whole grade. The researchers will collect data on how they use

social media, how social affects their daily living, and some basic details about

them. The researchers will also use existing research to better undesrtand the

topic. The researchers are interested in how social media usage affects mental

health, so the researchers will look at things like how often they use social media,

and how long they spend on it. Once the researchers have the data the

researchers will analyze it using descriptive statistics, which means looking at

things like averages and patterns. The researchers will also compare different

variables to see if there is a connection between social media usage and mental

health. Through out the research the researchers will make sure to follow ethical

guidelines like getting informed consent and keeping everything confidential. The

researchers know there may be limitations, like people not always being honest

in their responsents and the results only applying to our specific group of

students. This research will give us valuable insights into how social media

usage affects the mental health of grade 11 CSS-A students at Lourdes National

High School.

RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT

This research will be conducted in Lourdes National High School located

in Lourdes, Panglao, Bohol with a zip code of 6340 and is 15.5 kilometers away

from Tagbilaran City, the Provincial Capital of Bohol. 3000 students were thought
 22

to be enrolled in this school. Lourdes National High School is also known

because of the popular Acasia trees on their campus.

RESEARCH RESPONDENTS

The respondents of this study will be Grade 11 CSS A students,

particularly those who are studying at Lourdes National High School in the school

year 2023-2024. Their stage in academic and personal development can provide

valuable insights into how social media can affect their mental health.

RESEARCH INTRUMENTS

For our quantitative research, we utilized a Likert scale-based instrument

to quantitatively measure the attitudes and perceptions of Grade 11 students at

Lourdes National High School regarding their social media usage and its impact

on their mental health. This instrument comprises a series of statements related

to social media habits and mental health indicators. Each statement is rated on a

5-point Likert scale, with responses ranging from ‘Strongly Disagree’ to ‘Strongly

Agree.’ This quantitative approach enables us to collect numerical data and

perform statistical analysis, providing a rigorous and measurable assessment of

the students’ attitudes and perceptions concerning the variables under

investigation in our study.

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES

 23

The whole research procedure will begin with the sending of a formal letter of

request to conduct the study to the school Principal of Lourdes National High

School. After the approval of the school Principal, the researchers will start

distributing the surveys to the research respondents to determine the effects of

social media usage on their mental health and gather data about their study. The

respondents’ contribution should be completely voluntary, and they may withdraw

from the research at any time. The results of the research will be used for

presentations or reports, all identifying information will be changed to maintain

confidentiality.

TREATMENT OF DATA

This research will conduct a correlational study, collecting data through

surveys. This approach will help us determine the strength and direction of the

relationship between these variables. By doing so, the researchers aim to gain

insights into the potential impact of social media on the mental health of senior

high school students at Lourdes National High School. Sample of senior high

school students, gathering data on social media habits, the time spent on

different platforms, self-reported academic performance and the advantages and

disadvantages of social media in mental health of the students.

Social media has become an indispensable aspect of young people’s

digital interactions, as they use it mostly for entertainment and communication

purposes. Consequently, it has the potential to have both positive and negative
 24

effects on them. Deterioration in mental health is one of the side effects

stemming from social media overuse. This study investigates the relationship

between social media and the increase in mental health problems in student of

grade 11 CSS in Lourdes National High School.

This study utilized a Likert scale-based instrument to quantitatively

measure the attitudes and perceptions of Grade 11 CSS students at Lourdes

National High School regarding their social media usage and its impact on their

mental health. Our main question is whether there is a significant relationship

between the time spent on social media and the mental well-being of these

students.

The data that we collect through survey is securely stored in an encrypted

database accessible only to authorized research team members. Access controls

and regular backups are implemented to protect the data’s integrity. Students

information about the research’s purpose and how their data will be used.

Informed consent is obtained, and participants are aware of their rights and the

data handling processes. Researchers share anonymized and aggregated data

in academic publications, ensuring individual students cannot be identified. Raw

data is not shared without appropriate consent and security measures.

∑ 𝑓𝑥
WM-------
𝑛
 25

Where:

WM= weighted mean

Σ-summation

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Tremendous stress – great worry caused by a difficult situation, or something

that causes.

Psychosocial behavior- Psychosocial characteristics is a term used to describe

the influences of social factors on an individual’s mental health and behavior.

 26

Feeling inadequacy- Feelings of inadequacy are negative thoughts and

emotions that reinforce false statements of worthlessness. Sporadic occurring

occasionally, singly, or in irregular or random instances.

Embryonic stage – just starting to develop or come together. Dopamine- is a

neuromodulator molecule that plays several important roles in cells. It is an

organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families.

iDisorder -changes to your brain’s ability to process information and your ability

to relate to the world due to your daily use of media and technology resulting in

signs and symptoms of psychological disorders – such as stress,

sleeplessness, and a compulsive need to check in with all your technology.

Deleterious -harmful often in a subtle or unexpected way.

Dysthymia- A form of depression (a mental illness causing feelings of

unhappiness) that lasts for several years and but is less severe than other forms

of depression:

Bipolar- mania – A prolonged period of elevated (‘high’) or irritable mood and a

noticeable and abnormal increase in energy levels and activity.

Narcissism- A personality disorder involves a pattern of self-centered, arrogant

thinking and behavior, a lack of empathy and consideration for other people, and

an excessive need for admiration.

 27

Antisocial Personality- A mental health condition in which a person consistently

shows no regard for right and wrong and ignores the rights and feelings of

others.

Stigma- a set of negative and often unfair beliefs that a society or group of

people have about something.

Affinity- a liking or sympathy for someone or something, especially because of

shared characteristics.

Perilous- Something that is dangerous or very risky

Procrastination- Is the act of putting off work for no reason.

Feeling exclusions- the experience of being socially isolated, either physically

or emotionally.

Synthesize- the process of integrating support from more than one source for

one idea/argument while also identifying how sources are related to each other

and to your main idea.

Cognitive functioning- are mental processes that allow us to carry out any

task.

Hierarchical regression – Is a way to show if variables of interest explain a

statistically significant amount of variance in your dependent variable (DV) after

accounting for all other variables.

 28

Vanity- excessive pride in or admiration of one’s own appearance or

achievements.

CHAPTER II

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This section includes the display of information collected by the researchers from
their individual participants. The study’s findings were showcased using a table
and processed data obtained from the participants.
Table 1.1
THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE ON MENTAL HEALTH OF GRADE
11 CSS A STUDENTS IN LOURDES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
 29

n=35

In the contemporary digital era, the pervasive influence of social media on

individuals is undeniable. This study delves into the intricate relationship between
social media usage and mental health, seeking to unravel the diverse
perceptions held by individuals regarding this dynamic interplay. In the indicator
1Positive Impacts and Usage Patterns: The findings reveal a nuanced
perspective on the role of social media platforms in daily life. Respondents
generally acknowledge the positive impact, emphasizing the platforms' ability to
enhance daily experiences (Composite Mean = 3.47, Agree). However, a delicate
balance is evident, as respondents express concerns about excessive time spent
on social media (Composite Mean = 2.64, Neutral). This suggests a recognition
of the potential pitfalls associated with prolonged online engagement. On the
 30

other side Navigating Cyberbullying and Negative Interactions: As individuals

navigate the virtual realm, the study uncovers a middle-ground sentiment
concerning negative interactions. Respondents express a neutral stance on
experiences of cyberbullying or negativity on social media (Composite Mean =
2.62, Neutral). This neutrality underscores the multifaceted nature of online
interactions, acknowledging both positive and negative dimensions.

In the indicator Mental Health Impact: A Delicate Equilibrium:The study

sheds light on the impact of social media on mental health, revealing a nuanced
perspective. While respondents recognize the potential negative impact
(Composite Mean = 3.30, Neutral), a stark contrast emerges when it comes to
self-image. Many feel pressured to present a curated image on social media
(Composite Mean = 4.20, Strongly Agree), hinting at the complex interplay
between digital self-presentation and mental well-being.In the indicator Stress,
Anxiety, and Coping Strategies:Social media's role in contributing to stress and
anxiety levels is approached with a sense of moderation (Composite Mean =
3.25, Neutral). However, respondents display a proactive stance in managing
stress related to social media use (Composite Mean = 4.15, Agree), emphasizing
the importance of effective coping strategies in navigating the digital landscape.
However Awareness and Seeking Support:Despite the neutrality surrounding the
overall impact, respondents display a heightened awareness of potential
negative effects (Composite Mean = 4.21, Strongly

Agree). This awareness coexists with a sense of reservation in seeking support

for mental health challenges related to social media use (Composite Mean =
3.30, Neutral).

So in this study unravels the intricate tapestry of opinions regarding the

effects social media on mental health. The composite mean of 3.35 signifies a
delicate equilibrium, reflecting the dual nature of social media's impact. As
individuals navigate this complex landscape, the findings highlight the importance
 31

of fostering a balanced and mindful approach to digital engagement for the

preservation of mental well-being. And according to Oueder, Inam Abousaber
The use of social media has met a rapid growth among the few past decades.
This growth makes it very popular for communication amongst university
students especially Tabuk university students. In fact, these social websites can
be a good way to exchange information between students and even with their
teacher.

CHAPTER III

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter summarizes the findings gathered in the study, draw

Conclusions, and gives recommendations.

SUMMARY

This study aimed to determine the common problems encountered

among Grade 12 senior high school students.
 32

The primary objective of this study is to identify the common problems faced
by Grade 12 students during practical research in the first semester of the 2022-
2023 school year. By recognizing an understanding these research challenges,
students can develop effective strategies and solutions to overcome them and
successfully complete their research projects.

This study employs a descriptive survey research design, which focuses on

describing the nature, characteristics, and components of a population or a
phenomenon. In this research, adopted questionnaires were utilized data on the
common problems encountered by grade 12 students at Lourdes National High
School during their research activities. Additionally, appropriate treatments were
applied to address these problems and assist students in effectively conducting
their research projects.

This study was conducted at Lourdes National High School in Panglao,

Bohol. The selection of this school was based on its reputation as one of the
largest schools in the Division of Bohol. Conducting the study at this particular
school was chosen for convenience and accessibility, allowing for easier data
collection and interaction with grade 12 students who have encountered common
problems in conducting research.

In the conduct of the study, the researchers who wrote a letter addressed to the
principal of Lourdes National High School asking permission to conduct a study
in the school.

FINDINGS

These assumptions revolve around the impact of social media usage on the
mental health of Grade 11 CSS-A students. This findings presented below are
based of the date obtained.
 33

1. After conducting the survey, the researchers discovered that the usage of
social media platforms by Grade 11 CSS-A students has a positive impact
on their daily lives.
2. Most of them are aware of the potential negative effects of social media on
mental health.
3. Based on the results of the survey, most of them feel pressured to present
a certain image of themselves on social media.

CONCLUSIONS

The research was conducted to determine what is the possible impact of

social media usage on mental health of grade 11 CSS-A students at Lourdes
National High School. Based on the data gathered, social media usage of Grade
11 CSS-A students has a positive effect on their daily lives and that they are fully
aware of the potential negative effect of social media usage on their mental
health.

RECOMMENDATION

Promoting responsible and mindful social media usage among Grade 11

CSS students requires a multi-faceted approach that involves education, support,
and creating positive online environment. Here are some recommendations:

1. Digital Literacy Education: Incorporate digital literacy education into the

curriculum to teach students about the potential risks and benefits of
social media. This should include topics such as online privacy,
cyberbullying, and critical evaluation of online content.
2. Media Literacy Skills: Teach students to critically analyze and evaluate the
information they encounter on social media platforms. This includes fast-
 34

checking, understanding biases, and recognizing misleading or harmful

content.
3. Setting Boundaries: Encourage students to set boundaries for their social
media use. This can include limiting screen time, taking breaks from social
media, and establishing offline activities and hobbies.
4. Mental Health Awareness: Educate students about the impact of social
media on mental health and well-being. Teach them to recognize signs of
negative effects, such as comparison, anxiety, or low self-esteem, and
provide resources for seeking support when needed.
5. Positive Online Environment: Foster a positive online environment within
the school community. Encourage students to engage in uplifting and
supportive interactions, discourage cyberbullying, and promote empathy
and kindness online.
6. Parental Involvement: Involve parents in discussion about responsible
social media use. Provide resources and guidance for parents to support
their children navigating social media platforms safely and responsibly.
7. Peer Support Networks: Establish peer support networks or groups where
students can openly discuss their experiences with social media and
support each other in promoting responsible use.
8. Regular Checks-Ins: Conduct regular check-ins with students to assess
their social media experiences and well-being. This can be done through
surveys, focus groups, or individual conversations.

Remember that promoting responsible and mindful social media usage is

an on-going process that requires collaboration between schools, parents, and
students. By providing education, support, and creating a positive online
environment, we can help Grade 11 CSS students develop healthy habits and
project their mental health while using social media.
 35

References

A. D. (2017, October 10). The Influence of Social Media on Academic

Performance of Taraba State University Undergraduate Students. Online Journal of
Communication and Media Technologies. Retrieved November 6, 2023, from
https://doi.org/10.29333/ojcmt/2615

Karim, F., Oyewande, A. A., Abdalla, L. F., Ehsanullah, R. C., & Khan, S. (2020,
June 15). Social Media Use and Its Connection to Mental Health: A Systematic Review.
Cureus. Retrieved November 6, 2023, from https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8627

Kucar, M., Hainš, V. V., & Kovacic, R. (2023, May 22). Examining the
Relationship Between Students’ Social Media Usage, Smartphone Checking During
Lessons/Studying, and Academic Achievement (GPA). Retrieved November 6, 2023,
from https://doi.org/10.23919/mipro57284.2023.10159915

Lau, W. W. F. (2017, March 1). Effects of Social Media Usage and Social Media
Multitasking on the Academic Performance of University Students. Computers in Human
Behavior. Retrieved November 6, 2023, from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.043

Bashir, H., & Bhat, S. A. (2017, June 30). Effects of Social Media on Mental
Health: A Review. International Journal of Indian Psychology. Retrieved November 6,
2023, from https://doi.org/10.25215/0403.134

Oueder, M. (2018, February 15). A Study on the Impact of Social Media Usage
on Student Academic Performance: University of Tabuk an Example. American
Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences.
Retrieved November 6, 2023, from
https://asrjetsjournal.org/index.php/American_Scientific_Journal/article/view/3836

Banjanin, N., Banjanin, N., Dimitrijević, I., & Pantić, I. (2015, February 1).
Relationship Between Internet Use and Depression: Focus on Physiological Mood
Oscillations, Social Networking and Online Addictive Behavior. Computers in Human
Behavior. Retrieved November 6, 2023, from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.013
 36

Rosen, L. D., Carrier, L. M., & Cheever, N. A. (2013, May 1). Facebook and
Texting Made Me Do It: Media-induced Task-switching While Studying. Computers in
Human Behavior. Retrieved November 6, 2023, from
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.001

Lou, L. L., Yan, Z., Nickerson, A. B., & McMorris, R. F. (2012, January 1). An
Examination of the Reciprocal Relationship of Loneliness and Facebook Use Among
First-Year College Students. Journal of Educational Computing Research. Retrieved
November 7, 2023, from https://doi.org/10.2190/ec.46.1.e

Kalpidou, M., Costin, D., & Morris, J. (2011, April 1). The Relationship Between
Facebook and the Well-Being of Undergraduate College Students. Cyberpsychology,
Behavior, and Social Networking. Retrieved November 7, 2023, from
https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0061

Rosen, L. D., Whaling, K. M., Carrier, L. M., Cheever, N. A., & Rokkum, J. N.
(2013, November 1). The Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale: An
Empirical Investigation. Computers in Human Behavior. Retrieved November 7, 2023,
from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.006

Drouin, M., Kaiser, D. H., & Miller, D. A. (2012, July 1). Phantom Vibrations
Among Undergraduates: Prevalence and Associated Psychological Characteristics.
Computers in Human Behavior. Retrieved November 7, 2023, from
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.03.013

Powdthavee, N. (2014, January 1). Social Comparison Theory. Springer eBooks.

Retrieved November 7, 2023, from https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_2740

APPENDIX A.
LETTER TO THE PRINCIPAL
 37

LOURDES NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Panglao, Bohol

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

January 4, 2024

DOC. KIMBERLY MURING

School Principal II

Lourdes National High School

Panglao, Bohol

Sir:
Greetings of Peace!
In partial fulfilment of our requirements for Practical Research 2, we senior students of
Lourdes National High School enrolled in Grade 12 – Computer System Servicing would like to
ask for Your permission to conduct a study entitled, “ THE EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA USAGE
ON MENTAL HEALTH OF GRADE 11 CSS A STUDENTS IN LOURDES NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL. In connection with this, we would like to ask your good office to allow us to conduct our
survey in This institution. Rest assured that the data we will gather will remain confidential and to
be used on Academic purposes only.

We believe that you are with us in our enthusiasm to finish this requirement as compliance for our
Subject and to develop our well-being. We hope for your positive response on this humble matter.

Your approval to conduct this study will be greatly appreciated.

Thank you very much!

Respectfully yours,

The Researchers
Noted:

Cirilo R. Monton PhD

SubjectTeachers

Approved:
DOC.KIMBERLY MURING

School Principal II

Appendix B

QUESTIONER

Dear Respondent,
 38

We are 12- CSS students at Lourdes National High School presently

Undertaking Practical Research 2 entitled, “EFFECTS OF SOCIAL MEDIA
USAGE ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF GRADE 11 CSS A STUDENTS”
Therefore, we need your cooperation to Complete this Questionnaire. We would
appreciate it if you spend few minutes of Your time in answering this
Questionnaire. Your answer from this survey will be Used for academic purposes
only.

Truly yours,

The Researchers

Effects of social media usage on the mental health of

Grade 11 CSS A students
 39

Name: ______________________________ Grade &

Section: _______

Instruction: Use the 5-point Likert Scale below together with

its verbal description to. Accurately give your perception on
the effects of social media usage on your mental Health
Strongly agree (5) Neutral (3) Disagree
(2)

Agree (4) Strongly disagree (1)

Effects of Social Media usage on mental health SA A N D SD

(5) (4 (3 (2) (1)
) )
1. Social media platforms have a positive impact on my
daily life.
2. I spend excessive amount of time on social media.
3. I have experience cyberbullying or negative
interaction on social media.
4. Social media has negative impact in mental health.
5. I feel pressure to present a certain image of myself on
social media.
6. Social media use contribute to my stress and anxiety
levels.
7. I have effective strategies for managing stress related
to social media.
8. I feel comfortable seeking help or support when facing
mental health challenges related to social media use.
9. Overall, social media has a positive impact on my
mental well-being.
10. I am aware of the potential negative effect of social
media on mental health
 40

Appendix C

DATA COMPUTATION
41
42
 43

CURRICULUM VITAE
 44

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Shanlee Crystal R. Bolo
Age: 18
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: February 28, 2005
Place of Birth: Zamboanga Del Norte
Home Address: Bolod, Panglao, Bohol
Civil Status: Single

II. EDUCATION ATTAINMENT

Senior High School: Lourdes National High School
Lourdes Panglao Bohol
S.Y 2023 – 2024
Junior High School : Arbasto Foundation Inc.
S. Y 2021-2022
Elementary : Bolod Elementary School
S. Y 2017-2018
"It's better to take risks than to have regrets”
 45

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Nichole Lascuña
Age: 18
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: March 31, 2005
Place of Birth: City of Manila
Home Address: Bolod, Panglao, Bohol
Civil Status: Single

II. EDUCATION ATTAINMENT

Senior High School: Lourdes National High School
Lourdes Panglao Bohol
S.Y 2023 - 2024
Junior High School : Lourdes National High School
Lourdes Panglao Bohol
S.Y 2017-2018
Elementary : Bolod Elementary School
S. Y 2016-2017
"There's no impossible if u look for solution ."
 46

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Jesthony H. Lood
Age: 18
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: February 03, 2006
Place of Birth: Tagbilaran City
Home Address: Tangnan Panglao, Bohol
Civil Status: Single

II. EDUCATION ATTAINMENT

Senior High School: Lourdes National High School
S.Y 2023 - 2024
Junior High School : Lourdes National High School
S. Y. 2020-2021
Elementary: Tangnan Elementary School
S. Y. 2015-2016

"Trust the process"

 47

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Charles Gabriel S. Araneta
Age: 20
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: January 25, 2004
Place of Birth: Union, Dauis, Bohol
Home Address: Poblacion, Dauis, Bohol
Civil Status: Single

II. EDUCATION ATTAINMENT

Senior High School: Lourdes National High School
S.Y 2023 - 2024
Junior High School : Fernando Air Base Integrated National Highschool
S. Y. 2020-2021
Elementary: Songculan Elementary School
S. Y. 2015-2016
"Trust the process"
 48

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Shane Nicole M. Salvador
Age: 18
Gender: Female
Date of Birth: November 21, 2005
Place of Birth: New Pandan , Matalam, North Cotabato
Home Address: Looc, Panglao, Bohol
Civil Status: Single

II. EDUCATION ATTAINMENT

Senior High School: Lourdes National High School
S.Y 2023 - 2024
Junior High School : Lourdes National High School
S. Y 2018-2022
Elementary: Looc Elementary School
S. Y 2017-2018
"Trust the timing of your life."
 49

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: John Joel U. Tobayan
Age: 20
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: Feb. 07, 2004
Place of Birth: Tagbilaran City
Home Address: Danao,Panglao, Bohol
Civil Status: Single

II. EDUCATION ATTAINMENT

Senior High School: Lourdes National High School
S.Y 2023 - 2024
Junior High School : Lourdes National High School
S. Y. 2020-2021
Elementary:
S. Y. 2015-2016
 50

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Regie Pelendingue
Age: 21
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: May 9,2002
Place of Birth: Mayacabac, Dauis,Bohol
Home Address: Mayacabac, Dauis,Bohol
Civil Status: Single

II. EDUCATION ATTAINMENT

Senior High School: Lourdes National High School
S.Y 2023 - 2024
Junior High School : Dauis National High School
S. Y 2020-2021
Elementary: Mayacabac Elementary School
S. Y. 2014-2015
 51

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Vicson E. Ibale
Age: 18
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: September 05, 2005
Place of Birth: Ubay, Bohol
Home Address: Danao, Panglao, Bohol
Civil Status: Single

II. EDUCATION ATTAINMENT

Senior High School: Lourdes National High School
S.Y 2023 - 2024
Junior High School : Arbasto Foundation Inc.
S. Y 2021-2022
Elementary: Danao Elementary School
S. Y 2017-2018

"Grind always until I chase my dreams"

 52

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Jejomar Bongcara
Age: 18
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: November 22, 2005
Place of Birth: Tagbilaran, Bohol
Home Address: Tangnan, Panglao, Bohol
Civil Status: Single

II. EDUCATION ATTAINMENT

Senior High School: Lourdes National High School
S.Y 2023 - 2024
Junior High School : Lourdes National High School
S. Y 2021-2022
Elementary: Tangnan Elementary School
S. Y 2017-2018

"Grind always until I chase my dreams"

 53

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name: Rainier Estomata
Age: 17
Gender: Male
Date of Birth: September 19, 2006
Place of Birth: Tagbilaran, Bohol
Home Address: Doljo, Panglao, Bohol
Civil Status: Single

II. EDUCATION ATTAINMENT

Senior High School: Lourdes National High School
S.Y 2023 - 2024
Junior High School : Lourdes National High School .
S. Y 2018-2022
Elementary: Doljo Elementary School
S. Y 2017-2018

"I only live once, so i make the most of it "