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HDM360S Tutorial 1-2024 - Dimensional Analysis (DA)

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35 views

HDM360S Tutorial 1-2024 - Dimensional Analysis (DA)

Uploaded by

smisosphamandla30
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Semester 1 - 2024

HDM 360S TUTORIAL 1 (2024): DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

1. Consider a simple pendulum consisting of a massive bob suspended from a fixed


point by a string. Let T denote the time (period of the pendulum) that it takes the bob
to complete one cycle of oscillation. How does the period of the simple pendulum
depend on the quantities that define the pendulum and the quantities that determine
the motion?

2. Using the method of repeating variables, develop the basic dimensions relationship
of the head loss in a horizontal pipe in turbulent flow that is related to the pressure
drop Dp, and is a measure of the resistance to flow in the pipe. It depends on the
diameter of the pipe D, the viscosity μ and density ρ, the length of the pipe l, the
velocity of the flow v and the surface roughness η.

3. The modern ship today is equipped with a propeller as the main propulsion
mechanism. The thrust, T is known to be a function of the radius, r, the fluid density,
ρ, the relative velocity of the ship to the water, U, rotation speed, rpm or N, and fluid
viscosity, μ. Assume that no other parameter affects the thrust, find the functionality
of these parameters and the thrust.

4. In fluid mechanics, the Reynolds number is a dimensionless number involving fluid


velocity v, density ρ, viscosity μ and a characteristic length r. Find this dimensionless
product of the above variables.

5. Consider a steady flow of an incompressible Newtonian fluid through a long, smooth


walled, horizontal circular pipe. It is required to measure the pressure drop per unit
length of the pipe and find the number of non-dimensional parameters involved in the
problem. Also, it is desired to know the functional relation among these
dimensionless parameters.

6. The power required by an agitator in a tank is a function of the following variables:


diameter of the agitator, number of rotations of the impeller per unit time, viscosity of
liquid and density of liquid.
a. From dimensional analysis using Buckingham's method, obtain a relation
between power and the four variables.
b. The power consumption is found experimentally to be proportional to the
square of the speed of rotation. By what factor would the power be expected
to increase if the impeller diameter was doubled?

7. Some children are playing with soap bubbles, and you become curious as to the
relationship between soap bubble radius and the pressure inside the soap bubble.
You reason that the pressure inside the soap bubble must be greater than
atmospheric pressure, and that the shell of the soap bubble is under tension, much
like the skin of a balloon. You also know that the property surface tension must be
important in this problem. Not knowing any other physics, you decide to approach the
problem using dimensional analysis. Establish using Buckingham pi theorem a
relationship between pressure difference ΔP = Pinside - Poutside, soap bubble radius R,
and the surface tension σs of the soap film.
Semester 1 - 2022

HDM 360S TUTORIAL 1 (2022): DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

8. A periodic Kármán vortex street is formed when a uniform stream flows over a
circular cylinder (Fig.1). Use the method of repeating variables to generate a
dimensionless relationship for Kármán vortex shedding frequency fk as a function of
free-stream speed V, fluid density ρ, fluid viscosity µ, and cylinder diameter D. Show
all your work.
Answer: St = f (Re)

9. Repeat Prob.2, but with an additional independent parameter included, namely, the
speed of sound c in the fluid. Use the method of repeating variables to generate a
dimensionless relationship for Kármán vortex shedding frequency fk as a function of
free-stream speed V, fluid density ρ, fluid viscosity µ, cylinder diameter D, and speed
of sound c. Show all your work.
Answer: St = f (Re, Ma)

10. The modern ship today is equipped with a propeller as the main propulsion
mechanism. The thrust, T is known to be a function of the radius, r, the fluid density,
ρ, the relative velocity of the ship to the water, U, rotation speed, rpm or N, and fluid
viscosity, μ. Assume that no other parameter affects the thrust, find the functionality
of these parameters and the thrust. Use Buckingham pi theory
Answer: T/ρU2r2 = f(ρUr/µ)g(rN/U)

11. Under laminar conditions, the volume flow Q through a small triangular-section pore
of side length b and length L is a function of viscosity µ., pressure drop per unit
length Δp/L, and b. Using the pi theorem, rewrite this relation in dimensionless form.
How does the volume flow change if the pore size b is tripled?
Answer: 81 times

12. The Mach number NM for flow of a perfect gas in a pipe depends upon the specific-
heat ratio k (dimensionless), the pressure p, the density ρ, and the velocity V. Obtain
by dimensional reasoning the form of the Mach number expression. (Buckingham pi)
Answer: NM = f(V/sqrt(p/ρ), k)
13. A stirrer is used to mix chemicals in a large tank. The shaft power ̇ supplied to the
stirrer blades is a function of stirrer diameter D, liquid density ρ, liquid viscosity μ, and
the angular velocity ω of the spinning blades. Use the method of repeating variables
to generate a dimensionless relationship between these parameters. Show all your
work and be sure to identify your π groups, modifying them as necessary.
Answer: Np = f(Re)

14. A propeller of diameter D rotates at angular velocity ω in a liquid of density ρ and


viscosity μ. The required torque T is determined to be a function of D, ω, ρ, and μ.
a. Using dimensional analysis, generate a dimensionless relationship.G
b. et the relationship if the propeller operates in a compressible flow.

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