VIDYA MANDIR IND.

PU COLLEGE
THEORY AND MCQ’S QUESTIONS – 23-03-24
II PUC -ELECTRIC CHARGES AND FIELDS
SOLUTIONS
NUMERICALS
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.
MCQ’S
1. (c) At A and C, electric lines are equally spaced and dense that's why 𝐸𝐴 = 𝐸𝐶 > 𝐸𝐵
2. (d) The electric field is always perpendicular to the surface of a conductor. On the surface of a
metallic solid sphere, the electrical field is oriented normally (i.e. directed towards the centre
of the sphere).
3. (c) Electric lines force due to negative charge are radially inward.

4. (d)
1 𝑄𝑟 1
5. (c) 𝐸 = 4𝜋𝜀 . 𝑅3  𝐸 ∝ 𝑅3
0
6. (c) Because electric field applies the force on electron in the direction opposite to its motion.
𝑘.𝑄𝑟 𝜌𝑟
7. (c) For non-conducting sphere 𝐸𝑖𝑛 = 𝑅3
= 3𝜀
0
8. (d)
𝜆
9. (b) Relation for electric field is given by 𝐸 = 2𝜋𝜀
0𝑟
(Given: E = 7.182  10 N/C) 8

r = 2 cm = 2  10–2 m
1 2×2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐸
= 9 × 10−9  𝜆 = 2𝜋𝜀0 𝑟𝐸 =
4𝜋𝜀0 2
−2 8
1 × 2 × 10 × 7.182 × 10
= = 7.98 × 10−4 𝐶/𝑚
2 × 9 × 109
10. (a) By Gauss's theorem.
  1
11. (b) Total flux coming out from unit charge = E.ds =  1 =  0−1
0
12. (c)
13. (a) As there is no charge residing inside the cube, hence net flux is zero.
𝛴𝑞
14. (d) 𝜑 = = 0 i.e., net charge on dipole is zero.
𝜀0
15. (c) To apply Gauss's theorem, it is essential that charge should be placed inside a closed surface.
So, imagine another similar cylindrical vessel above it as shown in figure (dotted).

16. (b)
𝜆 1
17. (d) 𝑒 = 2𝜋𝜀 𝐸 ∝𝑟
0𝑟
1
18. (b) 𝜑𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝜀 × 𝑄𝑒𝑛𝑐  𝑄𝑒𝑛𝑐 = (𝜑2 − 𝜑1 )𝜀0
0
19. (c) Electric field at a distance R is only due to sphere because electric field due to shell inside it
1 3𝑄
is always zero. Hence electric field = . 2
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑅
20. (b) Force on l length of the wire 2 is
2𝑘𝜆1 1 2
𝐹2 = 𝑄𝐸1 = (𝜆2 𝑙)
𝑅
𝐹2 2𝑘𝜆1 𝜆2 Q
 = l
𝑙 𝑅
𝐹1 𝐹 𝐹 2𝑘𝜆1 𝜆2
Also = 2= = R
𝑙 𝑙 𝑙 𝑅
1 𝑄𝑧
21. (c) Here 𝐸 = 4𝜋𝜀 . (𝑅2 +𝑧 20)3/2
0 0
where Q is the charge on ring and 𝑧0 is the distance of the point from origin.
−𝑄𝑞𝑧0
Then 𝐹 = 𝑞𝐸 = 4𝜋𝜀 2 +𝑧 2 )3/2
0(𝑅 0

When charge – q crosses origin, force is again towards centre i.e., motion is periodic.
Now if 𝑧0 << 𝑅
1 𝑄𝑞𝑧0
 𝐹 = − 4𝜋𝜀 . 𝐹 ∝ −𝑧0 i.e., motion is S.H.M.
0 𝑅2
22. (a)

T T cos

T sin
Fe
x
mg

In equilibrium Fe = T sin ....... (i)

mg = T cos ....... (ii)
𝑒 𝐹 𝑞2 𝑥/2
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑚𝑔 = 4𝜋𝜀 2×𝑚𝑔 also 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 ≈ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 =
𝑜𝑥 𝐿
𝑥 𝑞2
Hence 2𝐿 = 4𝜋𝜀 2×𝑚𝑔
𝑜𝑥
1/3
2𝑞 2 𝐿 𝑞2 𝐿
 𝑥 3 = 4𝜋𝜀  𝑥 = (2𝜋𝜀 )
𝑜 𝑚𝑔 𝑜 𝑚𝑔
23. (c) Option (a) shows lines of force starting from one positive charge and terminating at another.
Option (b) has one line of force making closed loop. Option (d) shows all lines making closed
loops. All these are not correct. Only option (c) is correct.
24. (a) Electric field due to a hollow spherical conductor is governed by following equation 𝐸 = 0,
for r < R ...(i)
𝑄
and 𝐸 = 4𝜋𝜀 𝑟 2 for 𝑟 ≥ 𝑅 ....(ii)
0

i.e. inside the conductor field will be zero and outside the conductor will vary according to
1
𝐸 ∝ 𝑟2
25. (c)

26.

27. ϕ = 𝐸⃗ ·𝐴 = 4i · (2i + 3j) = 8 V-m

28. (d)
29. (c) Flux does not depend on the size and shape of the close surface and so it remains same
30. (a)
31. (b)
32. (c)
33. (a)
34. (a)

35.

36. (b)

37.

38. (d)
39. (a)
40. (a)
 JEE ASSIGNMENT 3 SOLUTIONS

41. A conducting sphere of radius R, and carrying a charge q is joined to a conducting sphere of
radius 2R, and carrying a charge −2q. The charge flowing between them will be
q 2q 4q
(A) (B) (C) q (D)
3 3 3

Ans (D)
Initial charge on sphere of radius R = q
(q + (−2q)  R −q  R q
Charge on this sphere after joining q = = =−
R + 2R 3R 3

Now charge flowing between them = q −  −  =

q 4q
 3 3

42. A metallic spherical shell of radius R has a charge −Q on it. A point charge +Q is placed at the
centre of the shell. Which of the graphs shown below may correctly represent the variation of the
electric field E with distance r from the centre of the shell
(A) (B) (C) (D)

Ans (B)

43. Two parallel infinite line charges + and − are placed with a separation distance R in free space.
The net electric field exactly mid-way between the two line charges is

2  
(A) Zero (B) (C) (D)
0 R 0 R 20R

Ans (B)

44. Let there be a spherically symmetric charge distribution with charge density varying as
5 r 
(r) = 0  −  upto r = R, and (r) = 0 for r > R, where r is the distance from the origin. The
4 R
electric field at a distance r(r < R) from the origin is given by
0 r  5 r  40 r  5 r 
(A)  −  (B)  − 
40  4 R  30  3 R 

0 r  5 r  40 r  5 r 
(C)  −  (D)  − 
40  3 R  30  4 R 
 Ans (C)

5 r 
r r
Total charge Q =  d =  0  −  4 2dr
0 0
4 R

r
 5r 2 r 3   5r 3 r 4 
= 40   − dr = 40  − 
0
 4 R  12 4R 

KQ 1 5 r 4  0 r  5 r 
E= = 40  r 3 − = −
4R  4 0  3 R 
.
r 2
40 r 2
12

45. Four charges equal to − Q are placed at the four corners of a square and a charge q is at its centre.
If the system is in equilibrium the value of q is
Q Q Q Q
(A) − (1 + 2 2) (B) (1 + 2 2) (C) − (1 + 2 2) (D) (1 + 2 2)
4 4 2 2

Ans (B)
If all charges are in equilibrium , system is also in equilibrium.
Charge at centre : charge q is in equilibrium because no net force acting on it corner charge :
If we consider the charge at corner B. This charge will experience following forces
Q2 kQ2 kQ2 KQq
FA = k 2
, FC = 2 , FD = 2
and FO =
a a (a 2) (a 2) 2

Force at B away from the centre = FAC + FD

kQ 2 kQ 2 kQ 2  1
= FA2 + FC2 = 2 + 2 = 2  2+ 
a 2
2a a  2

2kQq
Force at B towards the centre = FO =
a2

For equilibrium of charge at B, FAC + FD = FO

KQ 2  1  2KQq
 q = (1 + 2 2 )
Q
 2 
2+ =
a  2 a 2
4
46. A solid sphere of radius R has a charge Q distributed in its volume with a charge density  = k ra,
R
where  and a are constants and r is the distance from its centre. If the electric field at r = is
2
1
times that at r = R find the value of a.
8

(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 2 (D) Both (A) and (B)

Ans (C)

 R 1
 = Kr a , E  r =  = E(r = R)
 2 8

q enclosed 1 Q
=
40 (R / 2) 2
8 40R 2

32 qenc. = Q
a +3
(4K)  R 
R/2
q enc. =  Kr 4r dr =  
a 2

0
(a + 3)  2 

4K a +3 Q
Q= R  = 2a +3  2a +3 = 32
(a + 3) q enc.

 a = 2.

47. A positively charged thin metal ring of radius R is fixed in the xy - plane with its centre at the O.
A negatively charged particle P is released from rest at the point (0, 0, z 0), where z0 > 0 . Then
the motion of P is
(A) Periodic for all values of z0 satisfying 0 < z0 < 
(B) Simple harmonic for all values of satisfying 0 < z0 < R
(C) Approximately simple harmonic provided z0 << R
(D) Such that P crosses O and continues to move along the negative z - axis towards z = −
Ans (AC)
1 Qz
Here, E = . 2 02 3/2
40 (R + z 0 )

where Q is the charge on ring and z0 is the distance of the point from origin.
−Qqz0
Then F = qE =
40 (R 2 + z02 )3/2

When charge −q crosses origin, force is again towards centre i.e., motion is periodic.
Now if Z0<<R
 1 Qqz0
F = − .  F  −z0 i.e., motion is S.H.M.
40 R 3

48. A disk of radius a/4 having a uniformly distributed charge 6C is placed in the x-y plane with its
centre at (−a/2, 0, 0). A rod of length a carrying a uniformly distributed charge 8C is placed on
the x-axis from
x = a/4 to x = 5a/4. Two point charges −7 C and 3C are placed at (a / 4, −a / 4, 0) and (−3a / 4, 3a
/ 4, 0), respectively. Consider a cubical surface formed by six surfaces, x =  a/2, y =  a/2, z = ±
a/2. The electric flux through this cubical surface is

−2C 2C 10C 12C

(A) (B) (C) (D)
0 0 0 0

Ans (A)
Half disk (charge 3C), and fourth part of rod (charge 2C) and charge of −7C are inside the
cubical surface, so net charge inside the surface = 3 + 2−7 = −2C
1 −2C
 Flux through the surface  = (Q) = .
0 0

49. A charge q is placed at the centre of the open end of cylindrical vessel. The flux of the electric
field through the surface of the vessel is
q q 2q
(A)Zero (B) (C) (D)
0 20 0

Ans (C)
To apply Gauss’s theorem it is essential that charge should be placed inside a
closed surface. I
So imagine another similar cylindrical vessel above it as shown in figure
(dotted).

50. . A sphere of radius R has a uniform distribution of electric charge in its volume. At a distance x
from its centre, x < R, the electric field is directly proportional to
 (A) 1/x2 (B) l/x (C) x (D) x2
Ans (C)

Let sphere has uniform charge density   =

3Q 
3 
and E is the electric field at distance x from
 4R 
the centre of the sphere.
Applying Gauss law
q V  4 3
E.4x 2 = = =  x
0 0 0 3

[V = Volume of dotted sphere]


E = xEx
30

51. Shown below is a distribution of charges. The flux of electric field due to these charges through
the surface S is

(A) 3q/0 (B) 2q/0 (C) q/0 (D) Zero

Ans (B)
1 1
=  Qenc = (2q)
0 0

52. Two infinite plane parallel sheets separated by a distance d have equal and opposite uniform
charge densities . Electric field at a point between the sheets is

(A) Zero (B)
0


(C) (D) Depends upon the location of the point
20

Ans (B)
53. A square surface of side L meters is in the plane of the paper. A uniform electric field E (volt/m),
also in the plane of the paper, is limited only to the lower half of the square surface, (see figure).
The electric flux is SI units associated with the surface is

(A) Zero (B) EL2 (C) EL2/20 (D) EL2/2

Ans (A)

Electric flux, E =  E.dS

=  EdScos  =  EdScos90 = 0

The lines are parallel to the surface

1 −1
54. An infinitely long thin straight wire has uniform linear charge density of cm . Then, the
3
magnitude of the electric intensity at a point 18 cm away is (Given 0 = 8.8  10−12 C2 Nm−2)

(A) 0.33 1011 NC−1 (B) 3 1011 NC−1 (C) 0.66 1011 NC−1 (D) 1.32 1011
NC−1
Ans (A)
Charge density of long wire
1
 = C−m
3

From Gauss’s theorem,

q
 E.ds =  0

q q
E  ds = or E2rl =
0 0

q q/l
E= =
20 rl 20r

2 2
=
20 r  2 40r
 1 1
E = 9  109   2  = 0.33  1011 NC −1
3 18 10−2

55. The electrostatic potential inside a charged spherical ball is given by  = ar2 + b where r is the
distance from the centre; a, b are constants. Then the charge density inside the ball is

(A) −24a0r (B) −6a0r (C) −24a0 (D) −6a0

Ans (D)
 = ar2 + b
d
E=− = −2ar
dt

q
 E  ds =  0

q
−2ar  4r 2 =
0

q = −80ar3
q
=   = −6a 0
4 3
r
3

56. What is the flux through a cube of side ‘a’ if a point charge of q is at one of its corner

2q q q q
(A) (B) (C) (D) 6a 2
0 8 0 0 20

Ans (B)
Eight identical cubes are required to arrange so that this
charge is at centre of the cube formed so flux
q
=
80

57. A sphere of radius R has a volume density of charge  = kr, where r is the distance from the centre
of the sphere and k is constant. The magnitude of the electric field which exists at the surface of
the sphere is given by (0 = permittivity of the free space)
4kR 4 kR 4kR kR 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 0 3 0 0 40

Ans (D)
By Gauss’s theorem
   4r dr
2

E(4r 2 ) =
0

 kr  4r dr  E = kr
2 2

0 40

58. Three point charges +q, −2q and +q are placed at points (x = 0, y = a, z = 0), (x = 0, y = 0, z = 0)
and
(x = a, y = 0, z = 0) respectively. The magnitude and direction of the electric dipole moment
vector of this charge assembly are
(A) 2qa along + y direction

(B) 2qa along the line joining points (x = 0, y = 0, z = 0) and ( x = a, y = a, z = 0)

(C) qa along the line joining points (x = 0, y = 0, z = 0) and (x = a, y = a, z = 0)

(D) 2qa along + x direction

Ans (B)

59. Consider the following statements about electric dipole and select the correct ones
S1 : Electric dipole moment vector p is directed from the negative charge to the positive charge.

S2 : The electric field of a dipole at a point with position vector r depends on r as well as the
angle between r and p .

1 1
S3 : The electric dipole potential falls off as 2
and not as .
r r

S4 : In a uniform electric field, the electric dipole experiences no net forces but a torque
 = p  E.

(A) S2, S3 and S4 (C) S2 and S3

(B) S3 and S4 (D) All four
 Ans (D)
An electric dipole is a pair of equal and opposite charges q and
−q separated by some distance 2a. Its dipole moment vector p
has magnitude 2qa and is in the direction of the dipole axis
from −q to q.
An electric dipole due to a dipole at a point p is

p 3cos 2  + 1
E= (r  a)
40 r3

1 1
The electric dipole potential falls off at large distance, as 2
and not as , characteristic of the
r r
potential due to a single charge.

In a uniform electric field E, a dipole experiences a torque t given by  = p  E but experiences

no net force.

60. Two spherical conductors A and B of radii 1 mm and 2 mm are separated by a distance of 5 cm
and are uniformly charged. If the spheres are connected by a conducting wire then in equilibrium
condition, the ratio of the magnitude of the electric fields at the surfaces of spheres A and B is

(A) 1: 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 1 : 4 (D) 4 : 1

Ans (B)
After connecting through a wire VA = VB
kQA kQB Q r
 =  A= A
rA rB QB rB
2

Ratio of electric field A = A   B  

E Q r kQ 
E B Q B  rA   E = r 2 

2
E A rA  rB  r 2
 =   = B =
E B rB  rA  rA 1