PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Introduction

Solo parent refers to unmarried, separated and widowed individual as well as any

other person possessing the qualification under section 3 (a)(9) and (10) of R.A 8972 and

its implementing Rules and Regulations who has taken the responsibility of parenthood

alone including woman who became pregnant due to sexual abuse and those whose

spouses are detained or are physically or mentally incapacitated. This research will give

awareness to the solo parents, and to what extend the awareness of implementations in

Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000 here in Dipolog City.

One of the vital aspects of society is family. It serves as a key source that young

children interact with and mingle with. The primary and most important responsibility of

the family is to bring the children up in accordance with societal norms and expectations.

Parents support to their children in all aspects of their daily routine especially in terms of

financial aspects is very important and also in terms of unwavering affections for the

children. Single parenting on the other hand, appears to have a negative impact on a

child’s upbringing and general health because it seems to lessen the love, affection and

compassion.

The RA 8972 or the Solo Parent Welfare Act provides for benefits and privileges

to solo parents and their children. It aims to develop a comprehensive package of social

development and welfare services for solo parents and their children to be carried out by

the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), as the lead agency, various

government agencies including NSO and the other related NGOs. The comprehensive
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

package of programs/services for solo parents includes livelihood, self-employment and

skills development, employment-related benefit, psychosocial, educational, health and

housing services. Any Solo Parent whose income in the place of domicile falls below the

poverty threshold as set by the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)

and subject to the assessment of the DSWD worker in the area shall be eligible for

assistance. A Solo Parent can directly inquire from the following agencies to avail of

their services: Health Services (DOH), Educational Services (CHED, TESDA), Housing

(NHA), and Parental Leave (Employer, DOLE, CSC).

Solo Parent is any individual who is a resident of the area where the assistance is

sought, as certified by the barangay captain; Provided, that if the solo parent is a

transferred from another barangay, he/she has required to secure a clearance from his/her

previous barangay, indicating whether or not he/she has availed of any benefits of solo

parents, and the nature of such benefits. A Solo Parent whose income level equal to or

below the poverty threshold as set forth by NSCB and assessed by a social worker as

provided for under Section 7 of these rules.

Thus, the researchers wanted to look into the problems and solutions of those solo

parents in Dipolog City who are unable to raise their children alone and how the Solo

Parents Welfare Act of 2000 could help lighten up and be an eye-opener to their problem.

Raising a child alone is a very difficult thing to do and a huge challenge in life. By

conducting this research, we would know how solo parents cope with this problem and

how the government helped them. The researchers determined to explore the awareness

of solo parents in Dipolog City in terms of privileges, benefits, and services.

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Theoretical/Conceptual Framework

The study was anchored on Republic Act 8972 or the Solo Parents Welfare Act of

2000. In solo parenting, the child has only one parent to look and copy its actions. This

may lead to undeniable deficiency of attention, love and care from both parents. It is very

important and vital to have both parents so that children may not fall in Oedipus complex

(Albert Bandura). There is also tendency that a child without a complete family turns to a

rebel or a child without proper view of the future, failure to attend classes and

irresponsibility.

In R.A 8972, the Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000 declares that it is the policy of

the State to promote the family as the foundation of the nation, strengthen its solidarity

and ensures its total development. The law calls for the development of a comprehensive

package of services for solo parents to address their needs. Towards this end, it shall

develop a comprehensive program of services for solo parents and their children to be

carried out by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), the

Department of Health (DOH), the Department of Education, Culture and Sports (DECS),

the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), the Commission on

Higher Education (CHED), the Technical Education and Skills Development of Labor

and Employment (TESDA), the National Housing Authority (NHA), the Department of

Labor and Employment (DOLE) and other related government and nongovernment

agencies. Any solo parent whose income is above the poverty threshold shall enjoy the

benefits mentioned in Section 6,7 and 8 of this Act. A comprehensive package of social

development and welfare services for solo parents and their families will be developed by

the DSWD, DOH, DECS, CHED, TESDA, DOLE, NHA and DILG, in coordination with
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

local government units and a nongovernmental organization with proven track record in

providing services for solo parents.

In 1986 Philippine Constitution, Article 64 or the Assistance to Widowed and

Abandoned Parent. The state shall provide assistance to widowed and abandoned parent

or where either spouse is on prolonged absence due to illness, imprisonment, necessary

knowledge and skills needed for the proper care and maintenance of the family. In

Article 66, Assistance to unmarried mother before and after the birth of her child, seek

the assistance and advice of the Department of Social Welfare or any duly licensed child

placement agency. The said agencies shall offer specialized professional services which

include confidential help and protection to such mother and her child. In Article 71,

Admission to Schools: The state shall see to it that no child refused admission in public

schools. All parents are required to enroll their children in schools to complete at least an

elementary education. In Article 72, Assistance: To implement effectively the

compulsory education policy, all necessary assistance possible shall be given to parents

especially indigent ones or those who need the services of children at home, to enable the

children to acquire at least an elementary education. Such assistance may be in the form

of special school programs which may not require continuous attendance in school or aid

in the form of necessary school supplies, school lunch or whatever constitutes a bar to a

child’s attendance in school or access to elementary education. In Article 73, Nursery

School: To further help promote the welfare of children of working mothers and indigent

parents and in keeping with the Constitutional provision on the maintenance of an

adequate system of public education, public nursery and kindergarten schools shall be

maintained whenever possible. The operation and maintenance of such schools shall be
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

responsibility of local government. Aid from local board funds, when available may be

provided.

In Family Code Article 212, in case of absence or death of either parent. The

present parent shall continue exercising parental authority over the children, unless the

court appoints another person to be the guardian of the person or the property of the

children. In case of separation of the parents, parental authority shall be exercised by the

parent designated by the court. The court shall take into account all relevant

considerations, especially the choice of the children over seven years of age shall be

separated from the mother, unless the court finds compelling reasons to order otherwise.

Article 214 and 216 of the Family Code speak clearly of situations when grandparents

can exercise substitute parental authority over their grandchildren. Article 214. In case of

death, absence or unsuitability of the parents, substitute parental authority shall be

exercised by the surviving grandparent. In case several survivals the one designated by

the court, taking into account the same consideration mentioned in the preceding article,

shall exercise the authority.

The schema of the study provided illustrated the glimpse of the entirety of the

undertaking such as how the study was done. The first box was the independent variable

which is the Parents Welfare Act of 2000. The second box was the dependent variable

which is the level of implementation of Solo Parent Act in terms of benefits and privilege

such as; counselling, scholarship program, housing benefits, livelihood development

service, parent effectiveness, special project. The last box was the intervening variable

which is sex, occupation, annual income.

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Level of Awareness on the

Implementation of Solo Parent
Welfare Act of 2000 in terms
of:

RA 8972  Benefits
 Privileges
Solo Parents Act of 2000  Services

Profile of the Respondent

 Age
 Gender
 Status of work/Profession
 Status/Circumstance of being Solo
 Highest Educational Attainment
 Monthly Income

INTERVENING VARIABLES

Figure 1. The Schema of the Study

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Statement of the Problem

The study aimed to determine the level of awareness of the implementation of

Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog City during the calendar year 2022-2023.

Specifically, this study sought answer to the following;

1. What is the profile of solo parents in Dipolog City in terms of;

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Status of work/Profession

1.4 Status/Circumstance of being Solo;

1.4 Highest Educational Attainment; and

1.6 Monthly Income ?

2. To what extent is the awareness of solo parents of the implementation of the Solo

Parents Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog City in terms of:

2.1 Benefits;

2.2 Privileges; and

2.3 Services ?

3. Is there a significant difference on the extent of awareness of solo parents of the

implementation of the Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog City when

analyzed according to their profile?

4. What implications can be drawn from the rate of the respondents in looking into the

extent of awareness of implementation of Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000?

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Hypothesis

HO1 . There is no significant difference on the extent of awareness of solo parents

of the implementation of the Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog City when

analyzed according to their profile.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study would provide valuable information which is beneficial

to the following:

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD). The findings of this

study would be beneficial to them since they would be aware on the proper assistance

that should be given to the solo parent and their children which would be provided by the

government.

Solo Parents. The findings of the study would be an eye opener to them from the

benefits, privileges and services they can get from the government through the

implementation of the Solo Parent Act of 2020.

Future Researchers. The result of this research may be a basis of further studies

and can be used as related literature.

Scope and Delimitation

This study was focused on the implementation of Solo Parent Welfare Act of

2000 in selected barangays in Dipolog City namely: Sta. Filomena, Sta. Isabel, Minaog,

Barra, and Turno. The respondents were randomly selected solo parents from each
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

barangay as verified by the Department of Social Welfare and Services. Criteria for

selecting qualified respondents for solo parents:

1. Teenage Pregnancy (women age 19 and below / those who are victims of rape or

abuse):

 Select individuals who became parents during their teenage years (age 19 and below).

Include those who became parents due to circumstances such as rape or abuse.

2. Separated (married or unmarried):

 Include individuals who were separated from their partners, whether they were

married or not.

3. Abandoned by Spouse (after knowing that his partner is pregnant, not ready for

responsibilities):

 Identify individuals who were left by their partners upon learning about the

pregnancy, especially if the partner wasn't ready for the responsibilities of

parenthood.

4. Widowed without Pension (death by husband/wife):

 Include individuals who lost their spouses to death without receiving any pension

benefits.

5. Widowed with Pension (death by husband/wife):

 Consider individuals who became solo parents due to the death of their spouses, but

this group receives pension benefits.

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Operational Definitions of Terms

To support the comprehension of this research, the following terms are

operationally defined:

Assistance. Refers to various forms or support provided to solo parents to help

them cope with the challenges of raising their children alone.

Benefits. Refers to tangible reward or advantages provided to solo parents to help

improve their economic, social, and psychological well-being.

Educational Assistance. Refers to financial assistance provided to solo parents to

support their children’s education.

Privileges. It refers to the special rights or advantages granted to solo parents that

are not available to the general public.

Solo Parents. Refers to individual who is unmarried or legally separated from

his/her spouse, or whose spouse is incapacitated or has been declared missing or

presumed dead for at least one year, and who is solely responsible, for raising his/her

children.

Republic Act RA 8972. It refers to an Act Providing for Benefits and Privileges

to Solo Parents and their Children, Appropriating Funds thereof and for Other Purposes.
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

This chapter presents the related literature and studies after thorough and in-depth

search done by the researchers relating to the current study. Numerous studies were

conducted regarding Solo Parenting however, the emphasis is about psychological impact

on the child and the social inclination and anxiety confronting the Solo Parent brought

about by single rearing of a child. Studies on determining Solo Parent’s status particularly

on livelihood development and on employment opportunities would serve as an eye-

opener to concern agencies on whom to dole-out support.

Republic Act No. 8972

Republic Act No. 8972 An Act Providing for Benefits and Privileges to Solo

Parents and their Children, Appropriating Funds therefor and for other Purposes; Be it

enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines Congress

assembled: Section 1. Title. - This Act shall be known as the "Solo Parents' Welfare Act

of 2000." Section 2. Declaration of Policy. - It is the policy of the State to promote the

family as the foundation of the nation, strengthen its solidarity and ensure its total

development. Towards this end, it shall develop a comprehensive program of services for

solo parents and their children to be carried out by the Department of Social Welfare and

Development (DSWD), the Department of Health (DOH), the Department of Education,

Culture and Sports (DECS), the Department of the Interior and Local Government

(DILG), the Commission on Higher Education (CHED), the Technical Education and
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Skills Development Authority (TESDA), the National Housing Authority (NHA), the

Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and other related government and non-

government agencies. Section 3. Definition of Terms. - Whenever used in this Act, the

following terms shall mean as follows: (a) "Solo parent" - any individual who falls under

any of the following categories: (1) A woman who gives birth as a result of rape and

other crimes against chastity even without a final conviction of the offender: Provided,

That the mother keeps and raises the child; (2) Parent left solo or alone with the

responsibility of parenthood due to death of spouse; (3) Parent left solo or alone with the

responsibility of parenthood while the spouse is detained or is serving sentence for a

criminal conviction for at least one (1) year; (4) Parent left solo or alone with the

responsibility of parenthood due to physical and/or mental incapacity of spouse as

certified by a public medical practitioner; (5) Parent left solo or alone with the

responsibility of parenthood due to legal separation or de facto separation from spouse

for at least one (1) year, as long as he/she is entrusted with the custody of the children;

(6) Parent left solo or alone with the responsibility of parenthood due to declaration of

nullity or annulment of marriage as decreed by a court or by a church as long as he/she is

entrusted with the custody of the children; (7) Parent left solo or alone with the

responsibility of parenthood due to abandonment of spouse for at least one (1) year; (8)

Unmarried mother/father who has preferred to keep and rear her/his child/children

instead of having others care for them or give them up to a welfare institution; (9) Any

other person who solely provides parental care and support to a child or children; (10)

Any family member who assumes the responsibility of head of family as a result of the

death, abandonment, disappearance or prolonged absence of the parents or solo parent. A

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

change in the status or circumstance of the parent claiming benefits under this Act, such

that he/she is no longer left alone with the responsibility of parenthood, shall terminate

his/her eligibility for these benefits. (b) "Children" - refer to those living with and

dependent upon the solo parent for support who are unmarried, unemployed and not more

than eighteen (18) years of age, or even over eighteen (18) years but are incapable of self-

support because of mental and/or physical defect/disability. (c) "Parental responsibility" -

with respect to their minor children shall refer to the rights and duties of the parents as

defined in Article 220 of Executive Order No. 209, as amended, otherwise known as the

"Family Code of the Philippines." (d) "Parental leave" - shall mean leave benefits granted

to a solo parent to enable him/her to perform parental duties and responsibilities where

physical presence is required. (e) "Flexible work schedule" - is the right granted to a solo

parent employee to vary his/her arrival and departure time without affecting the core

work hours as defined by the employer. Section 4. Criteria for Support. - Any solo parent

whose income in the place of domicile falls below the poverty threshold as set by the

National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) and subject to the assessment of

the DSWD worker in the area shall be eligible for assistance: Provided, however, that any

solo parent whose income is above the poverty threshold shall enjoy the benefits

mentioned in Sections 6, 7 and 8 of this Act. Section 5. Comprehensive Package of Social

Development and Welfare Services. - A comprehensive package of social development

and welfare services for solo parents and their families will be developed by the DSWD,

DOH, DECS, CHED, TESDA, DOLE, NHA and DILG, in coordination with local

government units and a nongovernmental organization with proven track record in

providing services for solo parents. The DSWD shall coordinate with concerned agencies
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

the implementation of the comprehensive package of social development and welfare

services for solo parents and their families. The package will initially include: (a)

Livelihood development services which include trainings on livelihood skills, basic

business management, value orientation and the provision of seed capital or job

placement. (b) Counseling services which include individual, peer group or family

counseling. This will focus on the resolution of personal relationship and role conflicts.

(c) Parent effectiveness services which include the provision and expansion of knowledge

and skills of the solo parent on early childhood development, behavior management,

health care, rights and duties of parents and children. (d) Critical incidence stress

debriefing which includes preventive stress management strategy designed to assist solo

parents in coping with crisis situations and cases of abuse. (e) Special projects for

individuals in need of protection which include temporary shelter, counseling, legal

assistance, medical care, self-concept or ego-building, crisis management and spiritual

enrichment. Section 6. Flexible Work Schedule. - The employer shall provide for a

flexible working schedule for solo parents: Provided, That the same shall not affect

individual and company productivity: Provided, further, that any employer may request

exemption from the above requirements from the DOLE on certain meritorious grounds.

Section 7. Work Discrimination. - No employer shall discriminate against any solo parent

employee with respect to terms and conditions of employment on account of his/her

status. Section 8. Parental Leave. - In addition to leave privileges under existing laws,

parental leave of not more than seven (7) working days every year shall be granted to any

solo parent employee who has rendered service of at least one (1) year. Section

9. Educational Benefits. - The DECS, CHED and TESDA shall provide the following
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

benefits and privileges: (1) Scholarship programs for qualified solo parents and their

children in institutions of basic, tertiary and technical/skills education; and (2) Nonformal

education programs appropriate for solo parents and their children. The DECS, CHED

and TESDA shall promulgate rules and regulations for the proper implementation of this

program. Section 10. Housing Benefits. - Solo parents shall be given allocation in

housing projects and shall be provided with liberal terms of payment on said government

low-cost housing projects in accordance with housing law provisions prioritizing

applicants below the poverty line as declared by the NEDA. Section 11. Medical

Assistance. - The DOH shall develop a comprehensive health care program for solo

parents and their children. The program shall be implemented by the DOH through their

retained hospitals and medical centers and the local government units (LGUs) through

their provincial/district/city/municipal hospitals and rural health units (RHUs). Under

Section 12 on the Additional Powers and Functions of the DSWD, The said office shall

perform the following additional powers and functions relative to the welfare of solo

parents and their families: (a) Conduct research necessary to: (1) develop a new body of

knowledge on solo parents; (2) define executive and legislative measures needed to

promote and protect the interest of solo parents and their children; and (3) assess the

effectiveness of programs designed for disadvantaged solo parents and their children; (b)

Coordinate the activities of various governmental and nongovernmental organizations

engaged in promoting and protecting the interests of solo parents and their children; and

(c) Monitor the implementation of the provisions of this Act and suggest mechanisms by

which such provisions are effectively implemented. Section 13. Implementing Rules and

Regulations. - An interagency committee headed by the DSWD, in coordination with the

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

DOH, DECS, CHED, TESDA, DOLE, NHA, and DILG is hereby established which shall

formulate, within ninety (90) days upon the effectivity of this Act, the implementing rules

and regulations in consultation with the local government units, non-government

organizations and people's organizations. Section 14. Appropriations. - The amount

necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act shall be included in the budget of

concerned government agencies in the General Appropriations Act of the year following

its enactment into law and thereafter. Section 15. Repealing Clause. - All laws, decrees,

executive orders, administrative orders or parts thereof inconsistent with the provisions of

this Act are hereby repealed, amended or modified accordingly.

As stated in Article 216, parents or a judicially appointed guardian, the following

person shall exercise substitute parental authority over the child in the order indicated:

The surviving grandparent, as provided in Art. 214; The oldest brother or sister, over

twenty-one years of age unless unfit or disqualified; and The child’s actual custodian,

over twenty-one years of age, unless unfit or disqualified. Whenever the appointment of a

judicial guardian over the property of the child becomes necessary, the same order to

preference shall be observed (RA. 8972 n. d.).

A study about social aspects and vulnerability of solo parents’ families’ states that

preventing increase in the growth of a solo parent’s family must rely on complete

knowledge of the social phenomenon with the need to establish databases and map the

dispersion of solo parents’ families (Iovan & Oprea, n. d.).

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Likewise, the findings of Cancian and Meyer (2018) revealed that child support

program should increase financial resources for children living with a single parent with a

secondary goal of holding parents responsible for supporting their children.

Rights and Privilege of Solo Parents

According to United States Census Bureau Information in the year 2012, the

number of children raised in a single-parent family is increasing. Children who have two

parents at home, the child earns separate income from both parents, have a better

financial and educational benefit. A single-parent home may have far-reaching effects on a

child's behavior, affecting many aspects of life, including academic performance and

social development (Bennette, 2018).

Hakovirta et al. (2019) Stated that most single-parent households in many

developed countries lack the ability to support their children financially. This makes it

problematic among single parents who need to fulfill their child’s needs. Other than

financial problems, single-parent families also struggle with child poverty, this is a

secret issue for most single-parent families throughout many countries. States can retain

all or a portion of the maintenance that is charged to cover other fiscal costs. As a

result, child maintenance opportunities to alleviate poverty among lone-parent families

may be underutilized, especially if the families are also receiving social assistance

benefits.

Solo Parents’ Welfare Act of 2000 is a comprehensive act for Solo Parents as it

was stated in the Section 1, the title of this act. Section 2 of this act describes the

government institution in collaboration in implementation of this act. This institution

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

composed of Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) as the primer

institution and Commission on Higher Education (CHED). In Section 3, it describes the

beneficiary. "Solo parent" any individual who falls under any of the following categories:

(1) A woman who gives birth as a result of rape and other crimes against chastity even

without a final conviction of the offender: Provided, That the mother keeps and raises the

child;(2) Parent left solo or alone with the responsibility of parenthood due to death of

spouse;(3) Parent left solo or alone with the responsibility of parenthood while the spouse

is detained or is serving sentence for a criminal conviction for at least one (1) year;(4)

Parent left solo or alone with the responsibility of parenthood due to physical and/or

mental incapacity of spouse as certified by a public medical practitioner;(5) Parent left

solo or alone with the responsibility of parenthood due to legal separation or de facto

separation from spouse for at least one (1) year, as long as he/she is entrusted with the

custody of the children;(6) Parent left solo or alone with the responsibility of parenthood

due to declaration of nullity (Banastao et al., 2016).

The DSWD shall coordinate with concerned agencies the implementation of the

comprehensive package of social development and welfare services for solo parents and

their families. The package will initially include: Livelihood development services which

include trainings on livelihood skills, basic business management, value orientation and

the provision of seed capital or job placement. Counseling services which include

individual, peer group or family counseling. This will focus on the resolution of personal

relationship and role conflicts. Parent effectiveness services which include the provision

and expansion of knowledge and skills of the solo parents on early childhood

development, behavior management, health care, rights and duties of parents and
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

children. Critical incidence stress debriefing which includes preventive stress

management strategy designed to assist solo parents in coping with crisis situation and

cases of abuse. Special projects for individuals in need of protection which include

temporary shelter, counseling, legal assistance, medical care, self-concept or ego-

building, crisis management and spiritual enrichment.

The Benefits of Solo Parent

Solo parents are granted more benefits under the expanded Act. They are entitled

to P1,000 cash subsidy per month per solo parent earning a minimum wage and below,

provided no other cash assistance or subsidy from a government program is availed of.

They can also avail of a 10% discount and VAT exemption on baby’s supplements and

other medical supplements purchased for children until the age of six (6), provided that

the solo parent is earning less than P250,000 annually. Solo parents are also

automatically covered under the National Health Insurance Program administered by

PhilHealth (Cruz et al. 2018).

According to Alday (2020) A single parent belonging to a homogenous group

tends to work hard for the benefit of their children. Thus some issues must remain taken

care of in line with the Magna Carta for Women. We live each day with a different

scenario; one wakes up to prepare for him/her while a Solo parent thinks and executes

assurance of their children's safety and needs. Despite the continuous communications

with the faculty, students, and personnel, there is still an incidence of unawareness of the

privileges given by the Republic Act 8972.

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

The experiences of single parents start with personal choices. There has been a

dramatic increase in the number of single-parent households, with at least 30% of all

households being headed by single parents and 32% of Virginia children in single-parent

families (U.S. Census Bureau, 2019). Some single parents choose to raise their children

alone, while others deal with divorce, death, separation after cohabitation, and

abandonment (Dronkers et al., 2017; Van Gasse & Mortelmans, 2020).

According to Golombok et al. (2016), heterosexual women who have made the

conscious choice to parent alone through donor insemination are the newest type of

single-mother family. There is an increase in an advanced maternal age of over 35 years

old among first-time mothers (Nottingham-Jones et al., 2020). Women who choose to be

single mothers by choice are usually between the ages of 30 and 40 years old, financially

stable, and well educated (Golombok et al., 2016). The choice to become a solo mother is

not made easily. Every choice that is made can eventually be helpful or harmful to the

child. One such risk factor 31 that can be harmful to children is single mothers who use

artificial insemination to have a baby. This leaves the child without any knowledge of

their biological father (Golombok et al., 2016).

Baier and Van Winkle, (2021). The very categorization of the head of household

being married or single can influence household consumption, investment decisions, and

education. Family structure can be a predictor of educational success due to children in

single-parent households having a lower academic self-concept. Huang et al. (2017)

noted that students who are privileged to live with both of their parents have a greater

opportunity to 32 receive attention from their parents, along with positive interaction and

the presence of an influential adult mentor or role model.

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the methods used on this research. It specifies the

respondents and the researcher’s main topic. This also shows the procedure of data

collection and instruments used; this chapter also discusses the type of research, research

method and the research locale where the study was conducted.

Research Method

This study employed quantitative descriptive-survey method and snowball

method using a self- made questionnaire and were answered by purposively selected Solo

Parents from (5) five barangays. Survey with the respondents was conducted to clarify

their answers. The Solo Parents were given various questions and the questionnaires were

collected right after the respondent successfully answered.

Research Environment

Dipolog City is the capital of the Province of Zamboanga del Norte and it is

situated in the northwestern part of the Province.it is facing Cebu and Negros provinces
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

and sits of the tip of Western Mindanao and is known as the Gateway to Western

Mindanao and Zamboanga Peninsula. Dipolog has an area of 13,598 hectares mostly

rolling hills with wide lowlands along its western coast facing Sulu Sea. It is composed of

21 barangays including the poblacion which is divided into 5 barangay districts namely;

Barangay District No. 3 Barra, Barangay District 5 Minaog, Sta. Isabel, Sta. Filomena,

Turno, and has an overall population of 138,141 people. The respondents comprised of

Solo Parents from five (5) barangay of Dipolog City, Zamboanga del Norte namely Sta.

Isabel, Sta. Felomina, Barra, Minaog, and Turno. These five (5) barangays mentioned

above are considered as top barangay and are known to all that there are solo parents who

raised their children and performed their duties as parents. The respondents of the study

were purposely selected in these mentioned barangay’s in Dipolog City, Zamboanga del

Norte. The researchers of each barangay mentioned above got three (3) actual repondents.

Figure 2. Map of Dipolog City, Zamboanga del Norte

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Source:www.google.com

Research Respondents

The respondents of the study were fifteen (15) solo parents purposely chosen from

selected barangays in Dipolog City. We have also used snowball sampling in order to

select the respondents of the study. There were only 3 respondents from each barangay

due to less number of solo parents and this was also approved by the panel members

during the proposal defense. Table 1 shows the respondents distribution.

Table 1. Respondents’ Distribution

Barangay Number of Respondents
Sta. Filomena 3
Sta. Isabel 3
Barra 3
Minaog 3
Turno 3
Total 15

Criteria in selecting the respondents:

1. Teenage Pregnancy (women age 19 and below / those who are victims of rape or

abuse):
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

 Select individuals who became parents during their teenage years (age 19 and below).

Include those who became parents due to circumstances such as rape or abuse.

2. Separated (married or unmarried):

 Include individuals who were separated from their partners, whether they were

married or not.

3. Abandoned by Spouse (after knowing that his partner is pregnant, not ready for

responsibilities):

 Identify individuals who were left by their partners upon learning about the

pregnancy, especially if the partner wasn't ready for the responsibilities of

parenthood.

4. Widowed without Pension (death by husband/wife):

 Include individuals who lost their spouses to death without receiving any pension

benefits.

5. Widowed with Pension (death by husband/wife):

 Consider individuals who became solo parents due to the death of their spouses, but

this group receives pension benefits.

Research Instrument

A self-made questionnaire was used in the study to determine the Awareness of

Solo Parents and some of it was taken from journals and websites especially from R.A.

8972 or the Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000. It was analyzed and well thought out to

create comprehensible research questionnaire. The questionnaire contained three parts.

Part I dealt on the demographic profile of the respondents; Part II dealt on to what extend

the awareness of Implementation in Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog City in
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

terms of: Benefit, Privileges, Services. Part III dealt with the significant difference

according to the Profile of the Respondent and to the level of awareness of

Implementation of the Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog City.

Validating the Questionnaire

The researchers formulated the survey checklist used in the study after

undergoing a thorough process. Following critical examination by their adviser, the

instrument's contents were submitted for validation, correction, and modification. It was

also forwarded to various experts, including a statistician.

Ethical Consideration

Before conducting a survey in different barangays within the Dipolog City. By

continuing to follow the health protocols that have been implemented by the DOH

(Department of Health) and to the City Government of Dipolog, in showing respect to all

interviewees, the researchers acknowledges the feedback of the respondents in doing the

distribution of the questionnaires. The questionnaire was explained comprehensively and

translated into local dialect by the researchers to make it sure that the respondents would

completely understand the said statement. It adheres to the moral values

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers meticulously developed a questionnaire tailored for validation

surveys, taking into account the research objectives and ethical considerations. The

researchers submitted the questionnaire to both the Dean and the research adviser for
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

thorough review and approval. This step ensured the academic integrity and ethical

soundness of the research instrument. Following approval, the researchers proceeded to

reproduce multiple copies of the validated questionnaire to prepare for data collection.

Armed with the approved questionnaire copies, the researchers personally administered

surveys to the chosen respondents. This direct interaction allows for real-time data

collection and clarifications if needed. As an initial step before officially commencing the

survey, the researchers sent formal letters to the various barangay captains in Dipolog

City, Zamboanga Del Norte. These letters served to introduce the research, explain its

purpose, and request approval and support for conducting the survey within their

respective barangays. This specification outlined the detailed steps involved in the

questionnaire development, approval process, reproduction, data collection, and the

initial communication with local authorities for approval.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following statistical tools were used to interpret the data gathered:

The data obtained from the responses of the students through the use of the

questionnaires were classified, tallied, tabulated and statistically treated in order to

determine the level of awareness of the implementation of solo parent welfare act of 2000

in Dipolog City during the calendar year 2022-2023.

1. To determine the profile of the respondents, the simple percentage was used

Formula:

f
P¿ x 100
N

Where: P= percentage
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

F= frequency

N= total number of the respondents

2. To determine the awareness of solo parents of the implementation of the solo parents

welfare act of 2000 in Dipolog City in terms of Benefits, Privileges, Services, the

weighted mean formula was used.

Formula:

W m= (∑ i:=1 … WiXi
N )

Where: Wm= the weighted mean

Wi= the respective weight of each response

Xi= the number of the respondents in a particular response

N=the number of samples

Hence, the level of the weighted mean is the points scale with the following descriptive

equivalents as follows:

Legend:

Scale Continuum Descriptive Equivalent

5 4.21 – 5.00 Very Much Aware /Very Much Implemented
4 3.41 – 4.20 Much Aware/ Much Implemented
3 2.61 – 3.40 Aware/ Implemented
2 1.81 – 2.60 Not Aware/Less Implemented
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

1 1.00 – 1.80 Very Much Not Aware/Not Implemented

3. Chi- square ( x 2) was utilized to evaluate the significant differences between the

extent of awareness of solo parent of the implementation of the solo parent welfare act of

2000 in Dipolog City when analyzed according to their profile.

Formula:

2 Σ (f o− f e )
x=
fo

2
Where: x = the chi-square

f o= the observed frequency

f e= the expected frequency

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the data in tables followed by their analysis and

interpretation. The presentation is in accordance with the sequence of statement of

problems in Chapter I. The data are treated statistically in order to answer the statement

of the problem of the present investigation.

Problem No. 1. What is the profile of solo parent in Dipolog City in terms of age,
gender, status of work/profession, status/circumstance of being solo, highest
education attainment and monthly income?

Age
Table 2 shows the profile of the respondents in terms of age. The data pointed out

that most of the respondents belonged to age ranging from 32 years old and above with

the total count of 12 or the percentage of 80% which is the highest percentage among all

the age group. The age of 18-22 years old had only 2 or the percentage of 13.33%

compared to the age 28-32 years old, which has a count of 1 or the percentage of 6.67%

and 23-27 years old earned the percentage of 0%. It shows that majority of the

respondents were 32 years old and above. Therefore, it only indicates that most

implementation of solo parent’ welfare act in Dipolog City.

RA 8972 Section 3(b) those living with and dependent upon solo parent for

support who are unmarried, unemployed and not more than eighteen (18) years of age, or

even over eighteen (18) years but are incapable of self-support because of mental and/or

physical defect/disability.

According to Great Britain (2016) Woman for account for 86% of single parent which

dependent children, the average age of a single parent is 38 years of age, with
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

approximately 60% of a single parents caring for one dependent child. Single parent

families are one representation of the range and diversity of a family units in modern

society.

Table 2. Profile of Respondents in Terms of Age

Age Bracket Frequency Percentage
18-22 years old 2 13.33%
23-27 years old 0 -
28-32 years old 1 6.67%
32 & above 12 80%
TOTAL 15 100%

Gender

Table 3 shows the profile of the respondent in terms of sex. It reveals that there

were (66. 67%) 10 female comprising 66. 67% of the total respondents. Compared to

male which only had 5 respondent or 33. 33%. Data shows that most of the respondent

were female compared to males.

It implies that the respondents were female which has a wide range of an

(interaction and observation) awareness of implementation of Solo Parents Welfare Act

of 2000 in Dipolog City.

Table 3. Profile of Respondents in Terms of Gender

Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 5 33.33%
Female 10 66.67%
TOTAL 15 100%

Status of Work/Profession

Table 4 present the profile of the respondent in terms of occupation. As shows in

the table below, 6 or 40% of respondents were engaged or employed in another industrial

sector. 4 or 26.6 % of respondents were government employees. 3 or 20% of the

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

respondent were vendor and both 1 or 6.67% were student and driver, while other

profession such as farmer, carpenter, civilian, businessman/ woman, fisherman, parlor/

barber and front liners obtained 0%. It shows that most of the respondents were working

in another industrial sector.

It can be implied that most of the respondents are working in another

industrial sector which has more awareness of the implementation of Solo Parent Welfare

Act in Dipolog City.

According to Katras et al. (2015) found low-in-come families were able to juggle

the demands of work and family life if they had access to resources such as informal

social support, could manage both work and family time, and were in jobs that support

work and family life.

Table 4. Profile of Respondents in Terms of Status of Work/Profession

Occupation Frequency Percentage
Student 1 6.67%
Government Employee 4 26.27%
Farmer 0 -
Carpenter 0 -
Civilian/Unemployed 0 -
Businessman/woman 0 -
Fisherman 0 -
Parlor/Barber 0 -
Front liners 0 -
Driver 1 6.67%
Vendor 3 20%
Others 6 40%
TOTAL 15 100%

Status/Circumstance of being Solo

Table 5 offers a comprehensive overview of the varied circumstances and statuses

of solo parents. Notably, the data reveals that the highest percentage, accounting for
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

53.33% with a frequency of 8, pertains to solo parents who are separated (unmarried).

Following closely, 26.67% of respondents, totaling 4, fall under the category of being

widowed without pension. Teenage pregnancy accounts for 13.33% of solo parents, with

a frequency of 2, while 6.67% with a frequency of 1 represents those who are widowed

with a pension. It's noteworthy to mention that the circumstances of being sexually

abused/raped, separated (married), and abandoned by a spouse all report zero frequency

among the respondents.

This data implies a prevalent circumstance among the respondents, with the

majority being unmarried individuals who are separated. On the contrary, the least

represented category is comprised of those who are widowed with a pension. This insight

into the diverse statuses of solo parents underscores the importance of tailoring support

services and interventions to address the specific needs associated with each

circumstance, ensuring a more nuanced and effective approach to assist the solo parent

population.

According to R.A 8972, Section 3 (A) (1) A woman who gives birth as a result of

rape and other crimes against chastity even without a final conviction of the offender:

Provided, That the mother keeps and raises the child; (2) Parent left solo or alone with the

responsibility of parenthood due to death of spouse; (3) Parent left solo or alone with the

responsibility of parenthood while the spouse is detained or is serving sentence for a

criminal conviction for at least one (1) year; (4) Parent left solo or alone with the

responsibility of parenthood due to physical and/or mental incapacity of spouse as

certified by a public medical practitioner; (5) Parent left solo or alone with the

responsibility of parenthood due to legal separation or de facto separation from spouse

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

for at least one (1) year, as long as he/she is entrusted with the custody of the children;

(6) Parent left solo or alone with the responsibility of parenthood due to declaration of

nullity or annulment of marriage as decreed by a court or by a church as long as he/she is

entrusted with the custody of the children; (7) Parent left solo or alone with the

responsibility of parenthood due to abandonment of spouse for at least one (1) year;

(Unmarried mother/father who has preferred to keep and rear her/his child/children

instead of having others care for them or give them up to a welfare institution; (9) Any

other person who solely provides parental care and support to a child or children; (10)

Any family member who assumes the responsibility of head of family as a result of the

death, abandonment, disappearance or prolonged absence of the parents or solo parent. A

change in the status or circumstance of the parent claiming benefits under this Act, such

that he/she is no longer left alone with the responsibility of parenthood, shall terminate

his/her eligibility for these benefits.1

Table 5. Profile of Respondents in terms of Status/Circumstance of being Solo

Status/Circumstance Frequency Percentage

Widowed w/ pension 1 6.67%
Widowed w/out pension 4 26.67%
Sexually abused/Raped 0 -
Separated (Unmarried) 8 53.33%
Separated (Married) 0 -
Teenage Pregnancy 2 13.13%
Abandoned of spouse 0 -
TOTAL 15 100%
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Highest Educational Attainment

Table 6 shows the profile of the respondent in terms of their highest educational

attainment. Data reveals that majority of the respondents are Junior High School

Graduate 7 or 46.67% which is the highest percentage, 5 or 33.33% are College

Graduate, 2 or 13.33% are Elementary Graduate, the lowest percent is in College

Undergraduate 1 or 6.67% and ALS rated 0%. This means that majority of the

respondents are Junior High School Graduates.

Table 6. Profile of Respondents in Terms of Highest Educational Attainment

Highest Educational Frequency Percentage

Attainment
Elementary Graduate 2 13.33%
Junior High School Graduate 7 46.67%
Senior High School Graduate 0 -
College Graduate 5 33.33%
ALS 0 -
College Undergraduate 1 6.67%
TOTAL 15 100%

Monthly Income

Table 7 shows the profile of the respondents in terms of their monthly family

income. The data pointed out that most of the Solo Parents respondents’ monthly family

income has Php5,000 and below (7 or 46.67%) which is the highest percentage,

Php5,000-10,000 (5 or 33.33%), Php10,000-15,000 (2 or 13.33), Php15,000-20,000 (1 or

6.67%) and Php20,000 rated 0% in the table. Therefore, it indicates that majority of the

respondents’ monthly family income are Php5,000 and below and Php20,000 and above

rated 0%.
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

According to Davis et al. (2018) Those with higher earnings and regular non-

monetary help from family and friends were likely to have more need met; those who had

fewer needs met reported lower wages, had more young children, used government

support programs(including childcare subsidies), and engaged in informal labor market

activity.

Table 7. Profile of Respondents in Terms of Monthly Income

Family Income Frequency Percentage

5,000 and below 7 46.67%
5,000 – 10,000 5 33.33%
10,000 – 15,000 2 13.33%
15,000 – 20,000 1 6.67%
20,000 and above 0 -
TOTAL 15 100%
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Problem No.2 To what extent is the awareness of solo parents of the implementation
of the Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog City in terms of benefits,
privileges, services?

Table 8.Extent of Awareness of Solo Parents of the Implementation of the Solo

Parents Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog City .
PRIVILEGES Mean Interpretation
1. Gives cash subsidy for children of a Solo Parent. 2.07 Not Aware
2. Gives free Technical Vocational Skill Education. 2.13 Not Aware
3. Receives free tuition or Free scholarship program from 2.27 Not Aware
Commission on Higher Education (CHED).
4. .Discounts 10% and exemption from value - added TAX 2.07 Not Aware
(VAT).
5.Implements of the Alternative Learning System 2.40 Not Aware
Program in the City.
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 2.19 Not Aware
BENEFITS
1. Gives awareness to have the opportunity of Solo Parent 2.53 Not Aware
Identification Card.
2. Gives free Medical Assistance from the Government. 2.73 Aware
3. Gives low - cost Housing Development. 2.20 Not Aware
4. Offers flexible payment schemes that included Pag-ibig 2.0 Not Aware
financing or bank financing.
5. Gives food Assistance/Financial Assistance for Solo Parents 2.20 Not Aware
especially those in the most difficult state of life or
unemployed.
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 2.33 Not Aware
SERVICES
1. Grants parental leave to a Solo Parent to enable said parent 2.40 Not Aware
to perform parental duties and responsibilities.
2. Gives maternity leave for a Solo Parent Mother. 2.07 Not Aware
3. Flexible work schedule to a Solo Parent employee to vary 2.0 Not Aware
his/her arrival and departure time without affecting the core
work hours as define by the employer.
4.Gives counseling services which include individual or 2.27 Not Aware
family counseling.
5.Work discrimination. No employer shall discriminate against 2.13 Not Aware
any Solo Parent employee with respect to terms and conditions
of employment on account of his/her status.
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 2.17 Not Aware
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Table 8 shows the Solo Parents respondent’s awareness in Dipolog City in terms

of the implementation of the benefits, privileges and services. The first table indicates the

awareness of the Solo Parents in terms of Privileges given by the government. Above

mention, the average weighted mean of 2.19 which indicates not aware to all the

privileges stated in the statement. Table 2 shows the awareness of Solo Parents in terms

of benefits given by the government. It states that the average weighted mean of 2.33 are

mostly not aware. The last table present the awareness of Solo Parents in terms of

Services with the weighted mean of 2.17 as not aware.

RA 8972 provides solo parents with the necessary resources and support to raise

their children despite their unique circumstances. These benefits come in different forms,

such as social and economic development programs, family planning services, and

counseling sessions. RA 8972 provides solo parents with the necessary resources and

support to raise their children despite their unique circumstances. These benefits come in

different forms, such as social and economic development programs, family planning

services, and counseling sessions. Other benefits of working as a solo parent include

flexibility in scheduling and the absence of workplace discrimination, which are common

issues for single parents. Single parents with income below the poverty threshold of

NEDA can receive additional benefits, such as housing, medical assistance, and

scholarships. Qualified single parents or the guardians of qualified dependents are

entitled to the 10 percent discount on, and VAT-free purchases from drugstores,

pharmacies, grocery stores and similar establishments of baby’s milk or infant formula,

food supplements and micro-nutrient supplements as well as sanitary diapers. Livelihood

Program.
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

According to Isla, (2023) raising your children without the help of a spouse or

partner is challenging. The most difficult part of single parenting is overcoming the

financial challenges and working with budget constraints. As such, financial aid from the

government and private institutions can help. The improved coverage of the Solo Parents’

Welfare Act of 2000 (RA 8972) [1] and the Expanded Solo Parents Welfare Act (RA

11861)’s recent lapse into law can ease the struggles of an estimated 15 million Filipino

moms or dads [2] rearing their children alone.

What is a Solo Parent ID? Solo Parent ID is a government-issued ID for solo or

single parents in the Philippines. Solo parents who carry this ID can enjoy government

discounts and benefits. It aims to provide different kinds of support and ease financial

difficulties faced by a parent working alone for their children. These privileges and the

Solo Parent ID are valid for one year, but you can renew your ID every year.

RA 11861 or the Expanded Solo Parents Welfare Act: Important Things to Know.

The Expanded Solo Parents Welfare Act, which grants more benefits to single parents,

lapsed into law on June 4, 2022.It amends some provisions of RA 8792 and mandates

enhanced solo parent benefits in the Philippines.

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Table 9. Level of Implementation of Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog

City
PRIVILEGES Mean Interpretation
1. Provides Subsidize Financial assistance to solo parents. 2.07 Less Implemented
2. (TESDA) Conducts free technical and vocational skills 2.27 Less Implemented
educational program.
3. Implements the Alternative Learning System in the City. 1.40 Not Implemented
4. Gives work opportunities through Government/Non- 2.60 Less Implemented
Government organizations.
5. Provides free bus rides for the students. 2.40 Less Implemented
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 2.15 Less Implemented
BENEFITS
1. Implements of discounted product price and exemption 2.0 Less Implemented
from value-added TAX (VAT) to solo parents.
2. Implements free Medical Assistance from the 2.2 Less Implemented
Government.
3. Provides Low-cost Housing Development. 2.07 Less Implemented
4.Gives Governmental Insurances and benefits PAG-IBIG, 2.13 Less Implemented
SSS, & Philhealth.
5. Allows automatic Philhealth coverage. 2.47 Less Implemented
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 2.17 Less Implemented
SERVICES
1. Provides Family Casework Service in every barangay in 2.27 Less Implemented
Dipolog City.
2. Grants Parental leave to a Solo Parent to enable the said 2.33 Less Implemented
parent to perform parental duties and responsibilities.
3. Gives maternity leave for a Solo Parent Mother. 2.22 Less Implemented
4. Flexible work schedule is the right granted to a Solo 2.07 Less Implemented
Parent employee to vary his/her arrival and departure
time without affecting the core work hours as define by
the employer.
5. Work discrimination. No employer shall discriminate 2.07 Less Implemented
against any Solo Parent employee with respect to terms
and conditions of employment on account of his/her
status.
AVERAGE WEIGHTED MEAN 2.19 Less Implemented

Table 9 shows the level of Implementation of Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000 in

Dipolog City. In terms of Privileges: Work opportunities given by the Government

through Government/Non-Government organizations rated 2.60 which interpreted as

Less Implemented. However, the implementation of Alternative Learning System in the

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

City rated 1.40 which interpreted as Not Implemented. Somehow other Privileges are

interpreted as Less Implemented according to the level of implementation of the solo

parent welfare act. Benefits such as Implementation of Discounted product price and

exemption from value-added TAX (VAT) to solo parents with mean of 2.0.

Implementation of free Medical Assistance from the Government with mean of 2.2. The

Government provides Low-cost. Governmental Insurances and benefits PAG-IBIG, SSS,

& Philhealth with mean 2.13. The Government allow automatic Philhealth coverage 2.47

are all interpreted as Less Implemented. As well as the services, Family Casework

Service in every barangay in Dipolog City with mean of 2.27. Parental leave granted to a

Solo Parent to enable said parent to perform parental duties and responsibilities with

mean of 2.33. Maternity leave for a Solo Parent Mother with mean of 2.22. Flexible work

schedule is the right granted to a Solo Parent employee to vary his/her arrival and

departure time without affecting the core work hours as define by the employer with

mean of 2.07. Work discrimination. No employer shall discriminate against any Solo

Parent employee with respect to terms and conditions of employment on account of

his/her status with mean of 2.07. With the average weighted mean of 2.19 which

interpreted as Less Implemented.

As shown in the data gathered it implies that the level of implementation of Solo

Parent Welfare Act in Dipolog City is Less Implemented in terms of the Benefits,

Services, and Privileges. According to Manal et al. (2016) the government describe solo

parent according to their categories there are many cause given why thus the person

involve in the case like death, annulment, and rape victims’ crime and others are lifted by

their parent, the number of the solo parent increasing due to that reasons. And the other
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

hand, the people of the Philippines are not really aware in Solo Parent Welfare Act of

2000 so that the government trying hard to do their responsibilities to implement that act.

This study is organized with paradigm. A solo parent has a need to fill up depend upon

his/her profile. It varies from one another because it differs in age, gender, number of

years being solo parent, monthly income, number of children, occupation, and

educational attainment. The dependent variable is the benefits and privileges of R.A 8972

being offered to the solo parent as Financial/ Livelihood Assistance, Scholarship, Parent

Effectiveness Service and Parental Leave.

Problem No. 3. Is there a significant difference on the Extent of Awareness of Solo

Parents of the Implementation of the Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000 in
Dipolog City when analyzed according to their profile?

Table 10. Test of difference between the Extent of Awareness of Solo Parents of the
Implementation of Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog City when
analyzed according to their profile.
VARIABLE The extent of awareness of solo parents of the implantation of
COMPARED solo parent in terms of Benefits
Respondents Profile ꝭ df TV Computed Interpretation Action
( x 2)
Age 0.05 3.0 7.815 9.836 Significant Ho was
Differences rejected
Gender 0.05 1.0 3.841 10.613 Significant Ho was
Differences rejected
Status of being Parent 0.05 3.0 7.815 3.014 No Ho was
Significant accepted
Differences
Highest Educational 0.05 3,0 7.815 1.964 No Ho was
Attainment Significant accepted
Differences
Status of 0.05 4.0 9.488 1.619 No Ho was
work/profession Significant accepted
Differences
Annual income 0.05 3.0 7.815 2.968 No Ho was
Significant accepted
Differences
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Table 10 shows the significance difference of the extent awareness of Solo

Parents in terms of benefits. For age, the date reveals that the respondent’s perception of

the Solo Parent Act of 2000 in Dipolog City as df 3.0 with an interpretation “Significant

Differences” with a computed 9.863. For Gender, the data tells that the respondents

perception of the solo parent. For Gender, the data tells that the respondents perception of

the Solo Parent Act of 2000 in Dipolog City as df 1.0 with an interpretation “No

significant differences” with a computed 7.815. For Highest Educational the data reveals

that as df 3.0 with an interpretation “No significant differences” with a computed 1.964.

For Cause of living the data tells gathered throughout the study support there will be “No

data”. For Status of work/Profession the data tells that as df 4.0 with an interpretation

“No significant differences” with a computed 1.619. For Annual Income the data reveals

that the respondents’ perception as df 3.0 with an interpretation “No significant

differences” with a computed 7.815. For No. of Children, the data reveals that the

respondents’ perception gathered throughout the study support there will be “No data”.

An formal follow-up interview was conducted with the respondents as to why

their overall awareness of the provisions of the Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000 in

Dipolog City is moderate, and they claimed that this program is not given much attention

during barangay assemblies and barangay seminars. As an impact of this limited

knowledge or awareness of this Act, the barangay local government units have not so

much enacted ordinances to this effect; neither did they include programs for Solo

Parents in their barangay development plans.

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Table 11. Test of differences between the extent of Awareness of Solo Parents of the
Implementation of the Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog City
when analyzed according to their profile.
VARIABLE The extent of awareness of solo parents of the implantation of
COMPARED solo parent in terms of Privileges
Respondents Profile ꝭ df TV Computed Interpretation Action
( x 2)
Age 0.05 3.0 7.815 10.613 Significant Ho was
Differences rejected
Gender 0.05 1.0 3.841 9.964 Significant Ho was
Differences rejected
Status of being Parent 0.05 3.0 7.815 2.9716 No Ho was
Significant accepted
Differences
Highest Educational 0.05 3,0 7.815 2.014 No Ho was
Attainment Significant accepted
Differences
Status of 0.05 4.0 9.488 2.196 No Ho was
work/profession Significant accepted
Differences
Annual income 0.05 3.0 7.815 2.013 No Ho was
Significant accepted
Differences

Table 11 states the significance differences between the extent of awareness of

solo parents of the implementation of the Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000 in the City of

Dipolog. It shows the variable compared respondents profile and the extent of awareness

of solo parents of the implementation of the Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000 in terms of

privileges. The computed x² value of 10.613 (age) and 9.964 (gender) are interpreted as

significant differences of the implementation of Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000. The

computed x² value of 2.9716 (status of being parent), 2.014 (highest educational

attainment), 2.196 (status of work/profession), 2.013 (annual income) ate interpreted as

no significant differences of the implementation of Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000.

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

This means that there is significant differences in the implementation of Solo

Parents Welfare Act of 2000 based on individuals age and gender. And also it says that

there is no significant differences in the implementation of Solo Parents Welfare Act of

2000 based on individuals status of being parent, highest educational attainment, status of

work/profession and annual income.

Table 12. Test of differences between the extent of Awareness of Solo Parents of the
Implementation of the Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog City when
analyzed according to their profile.
VARIABLE The extent of awareness of solo parents of the implementation of
COMPARED solo parent in terms of Services
Respondents ꝭ df TV Computed Interpretatio Action
2
Profile (x ) n
Age 0.05 3.0 7.815 10.964 Significant Ho was
Differences rejected
Gender 0.05 1.0 3.841 9.103 Significant Ho was
Differences rejected
Status of being 0.05 3.0 7.815 3.161 No Ho was
Parent Significant accepted
Differences
Highest 0.05 3,0 7.815 1.943 No Ho was
Educational Significant accepted
Attainment Differences
Status of 0.05 4.0 9.488 3.964 No Ho was
work/profession Significant accepted
Differences
Annual income 0.05 3.0 7.815 2.964 No Ho was
Significant accepted
Differences

Table No. 12 reveals the examination of significant differences in the awareness

level of solo parents regarding the implementation of the Solo Parent Welfare Act of

2000 in Dipolog City based on various demographic profiles in terms of Services.

Analyzing the data presented in Table 12, it is evident that there are no statistically

significant differences in awareness when considering age (χ² = 10.964), gender (χ² =

9.103), status as a parent (χ² = 3.161), highest educational attainment (χ² = 1.943), cause
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

of living (no data available), status of work/profession (χ² = 3.964), annual income (χ² =

2.964), and number of children (no data available). As a result, the majority of these

findings were accepted.

It is noteworthy that the absence of significant differences implies a relatively

uniform level of awareness across various demographic factors among solo parents in

Dipolog City regarding the implementation of the Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000. This

suggests that awareness initiatives or information dissemination efforts have reached and

influenced solo parents across different profiles equally.

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Problem 4. What implications can be drawn from the rate of the respondents in
looking into the extent of awareness of implementation of Solo Parent
Welfare Act of 2000?

1. Lack of awareness. It may be attributed to limited dissemination of information or

inadequate efforts to educate the public about the act. As a result, solo parents may not be

familiar with their rights and benefits under the law.

2. . Inadequate implementation. If a significant number of respondents express concerns

or dissatisfaction with the implementation of the act despite being aware of it, it could

indicate potential issues with the execution and enforcement of the Solo Parent Welfare

Act. This may imply that the government or relevant authorities need to improve their

efforts to ensure that the provisions of the act are properly implemented and that solo

parents are receiving the support and benefits they are entitled to.

3. Need for advocacy and awareness campaigns: A low rate of respondents looking into

the extent of awareness might highlight the necessity for advocacy and awareness

campaigns focused on educating the public about the Solo Parent Welfare Act. This

suggests that there is a need for increased efforts to disseminate information, raise

awareness, and provide guidance to solo parents about their rights and available support

systems.
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings conclusions and recommendations.

This study aimed to determine the level of awareness of the implementation of

Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog City during the calendar year of 2022-2023.

Specifically, this study sought answer to the following:

1. What is the profile of solo parents in Dipolog City with regards to;

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Status of work/Profession;

1.4 Status/Circumstance of being Solo;

1.5 Highest Educational Attainment; and

1.6 Monthly Income

2. To what extent is the awareness of solo parents of the implementation of the Solo

Parents Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog City in terms of:

2.1 Benefits;

2.2 Privileges; and

2.3 Services;

3. Is there a significant difference between the extent of awareness of solo parents of

the implementation of the Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog City when

analyzed according to their profile?

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

4. What implications can be drawn from the rate of the respondents in looking into the

extent of awareness of implementation of Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000?

Summary of Findings

The study revealed the following findings:

1. Majority of the respondents were aged 32 years old and above.

2. Most respondents of the study were females compared to males.

3. Predominantly, the respondents of the study were engaged or employed in another

industrial sector.

4. Most of the respondents were separated.

5. Majority of the respondents have attended Junior High School.

6. Majority of the respondents monthly income is Php 5,000 and below.

7. In the awareness of Solo Parents of the Implementation of the Solo Parents Welfare

Act of 2000 in Dipolog City in terms of Privileges, the data pointed out that 2.19 or

can be interpreted as “Not Aware”.

8. In the awareness of Solo Parents of the Implementation of the Solo Parents Welfare

Act of 2000 in Dipolog City in terms of Benefits, the data pointed out that 2.33 or

can be interpreted as “Not Aware”.

9. In the awareness of Solo Parents of the Implementation of the Solo Parents Welfare

Act of 2000 in Dipolog City in terms of Services, the data pointed out that 2.17 or

can be interpreted as “Not Aware”

10. The level of Implementation of the Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog

City in terms of Privileges, the data showed that 2.15 or can be interpreted as “Less

Interpreted”
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

11. The level of Implementation of the Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog

City in terms of Benefits, the data showed that 2.17 or can be interpreted as “less

interpreted”.

12. The level of Implementation of the Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog

City in terms of Services, the data showed that 2.19 or can be interpreted as “Less

Interpreted”.

13. Significant differences between the extent of awareness of Solo Parents of the

implementation of Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog City when analyzed

according to their profile, the data showed that there is “No Significant Differences”.

Conclusions

This study concludes that the respondents in Dipolog City have limited awareness

on the implementation of the Solo Parent Welfare act of 2000. The findings underscore a

significant gap in awareness and implementation of the Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000

among solo parents in the city, suggesting that a considerable number may not be well-

informed about the provisions and importance of this crucial legislation. It appears that

the Act may not be effectively put into practice within the selected barangays. The study

delves further to propose a potential explanation for this awareness and implementation

gap, pointing to a limited promotion and educational outreach regarding the law. In

essence, there seems to be insufficient effort directed towards informing the public about

the Solo Parent Welfare Act, and this deficiency emerges as a notable factor contributing

to the observed disparities in awareness and implementation.

 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

To enhance the situation, it is imperative to intensify awareness campaigns and

educational initiatives specifically targeted at solo parents within the selected barangays.

This could involve collaborating with local community leaders, leveraging social media

platforms, conducting informational workshops, and disseminating informative materials

such as pamphlets or booklets detailing the provisions and benefits of the Solo Parent

Welfare Act. By addressing this informational deficit, authorities and advocacy groups

can empower solo parents with the knowledge needed to fully access and utilize the

benefits afforded by the legislation. This strategic approach not only bridges the

awareness gap but also promotes the effective implementation of the Solo Parent Welfare

Act, ultimately fostering a supportive environment for solo parents in the community.

Recommendation

The following recommendation are offered to with;

1. Government agencies as well as the DSWD must have a monthly update and a yearly

census on every barangay to record every Solo Parents who needs support.

2. The DSWD should conduct seminars, trainings and programs to every barangay in

Dipolog City that includes solo parents to deliver awareness about the Solo Parent

Welfare Act of 2000.

3. The Local Government Units (LGU’s) and CSWDO should have a comprehensive

package of social development and welfare services for Solo Parents and their

families.
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

REFERENCES

Alday, T. (2021). Level of awareness on the privileges given to solo parents in Bulacan
State University: The basis for information and educational campaign (IEC).
Social Science Research Network. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?
abstract_id=3753269

Ali S. K. & Soomar S. M. (2019) Single parenting: Understanding reasons and

consequences. JOJ Nursing and Health Care, 10 (2).
https://juniperpublishers.com/jojnhc/pdf/JOJNHC.MS.ID.555781.pdf

Amending Executive Order No. 209, Articles 221 and 236 (Phil). Https://Issuances-
Library.Senate.Gov.Ph/Subject/Family-Code-Eono-209-0

Banastao, J. M., Manal A., Velasco N., Nialyn, A. (2016). The effectiveness of the
implementation of solo parents’ welfare act as perceived by the selected solo
parents of Puerto Princesa City. [Undergraduate Thesis, Humanities Palawan
State University Puerto Princesa City]. https://zdocs.pub/doc/the-finale2-
q182v80ndg1v

City of Dipolog. (2022). City of Dipolog Citizen’s Charter (1st ed., p. 157)
https://dipologcity.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/DIPOLOG-CITY-
CITIZENS-CHARTER_2022-First-Edition-1.pdf.

Cotman, J. L. (2022). A phenomenological study examining the experiences of single

parents who are rearing elementary-aged children enrolled in a public school in
a rural community. [A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Education, Liberty University].
https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?
article=4517&context=doctoral

Davis EE. Grobe D. Livermore M. (2018), Well-being and stability among low-income
families: A 10-year review of research. Journal of Family and Economic Issues,
42(2). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7585735/
Great Britain, & Davis. (2018) Mothers economic well-being in sole and joints physical
custody families. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 44, 53-64.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10834-022-09818-3?
fbclid=IwAR0vIhRsuvycnjI2038rNXgN-4QkB-KURnmXCnoLAtapSIh7RNgKtJk5eA0
Hakovirta M., Meyer D. and Skinner C. (2019). Child support in shared care cases: Do
child support policies in thirteen countries reflect family policy models? Social
Policy and Society, 21(4), 542-559. doi:10.1017/S1474746421000300
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Haney, L. & Mercier, M. (September,2021) Child support and re-entry. National Institute
of Justice. https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/child-support-and-reentry Journals:
Isla, R. (2023,September 23) 9 Benefits you didn’t know you could get with your solo
parent ID. https://www.moneymax.ph/government-services/articles/solo-parent-
id-philippines?fbclid=IwAR1CZlIvaOR-
Wrfr2v8KMPugIYE_9GgoQTWUla2uiRsf0hgnlAWLMFL106M
Katras, MJ. (2015) Well – Being and stability among law – income families: A 10 year
Review of Research. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles
Lopez, G. P. & Esperanza P. (2019) Socio-economic status and livelihood prospects of
solo parents in Catanduanes, Philippines. Kuroshio Science, 13 (1), 53-61.
https://kochi.repo.nii.ac.jp/index.php?
action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_action_common_download
&item_id=7749&item_no=1&attribute_id=17&file_no=1&page_id=13&block_id
=21
Macasero R. (2022, October 26). What benefits will families get under expanded solo
parents law? Rappler. https://www.rappler.com/nation/benefits-families-get-
expanded-solo-parents-law/

Manal, Labanesia N.M., Velasco A.C., Banasta, N.A., Joeve M.M. (October 2016)
Parents’ welfare act of 2000 as perceived by selected solo parent in Puerto
Princesa city”. https://pdfcoffee.com/papel-ng-magdedefense-at-papasa-pdf-
free.html

Pallega R. (2018). Program quality and student satisfaction of criminology students of

JRMSU: Basis for a five-year development plan. Journal of International
Academic Research for Multidisciplinary, 483, 7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.04.008

Pomeroy, R., Ferrer, A. J. & Pedrajas, J. (2017) An analysis of livelihood projects and
programs for fishing communities in the Philippines. Marine Policy, 81, 250-255.
https://isiarticles.com/bundles/Article/pre/pdf/161943.pdf.

Republic Act 8972. An Act Providing for Benefits and Privileges to Solo Parents and
their Children, Appropriating Funds therefor and for other Purposes.
https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2000/ra_8972_2000.html?
fbclid=IwAR0dmaRwhEvS6J24xoyIqDjPTYpVkaaihNVKLTvWWUXzXHMM
x68w6NHPGXI

Republic Act 11861 (2020) Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of Republic Act
11861 or the Expanded Solo Parents’ Welfare Act. (Phil.)
https://www.dswd.gov.ph/
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Republic Act 11861 (2020) Expanded Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000 (Phil.)
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/
Republic Act 8972 (2020) Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (RIRR) Of
Republic Act No. 8972 Or The Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000 (Phil.)
Https://Www.Officialgazette.Gov.Ph/
The Family Code of the Philippines (Phil) https://familymatters.netlify.app/family
%20code/fc%20title%20ix%20parental%2 0authority
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

APPENDICES
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

APPENDIX A
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

APPENDIX B

Republic of the Philippines

JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
The Premier University in Zamboanga del Norte
Dipolog Campus, Dipolog City

C O L L E G E OF C R I M I N A L J U S T I C E E D U C A T I O N

Dear Respondents,

Greetings.

The researcher is presently conducting a study on the “THE AWARENESS OF

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLO PARENT WELFARE ACT OF 2000 IN
DIPOLOG CITY: A SURVEY". The undersigned realize that this research study will
not materialize without your full support, hence, he humbly solicits your help and
cooperation by answering this questionnaire very honestly. Rest assured cooperation your
answers will be treated with outmost confidentiality and secrecy.
Your favorable consideration and valuable help in this regard will be highly be
appreciated.
Please refer to the second page for answering the questionnaire God bless and
more power.

Very truly yours,

The Researchers
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

APPENDIX C
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

APPENDIX D

Republic of the Philippines

JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
The Premier University in Zamboanga del Norte
Dipolog Campus, Dipolog City

C O L L E G E OF C R I M I N A L J U S T I C E E D U C A T I O N

ENGLISH CRITIQUE/EDITOR
CERTIFICATION FORM

I hereby certify that this undergraduate thesis entitled “ The

Awareness of the Implementation of Solo Parent Welfare Act of 2000 in Dipolog
City: A Survey” by Tricia Mae G. Anoy, Joje Mae M. Mendoza, Cherry Art T.
Pagasian, Nicoh A. Sasuman, Madelyn B. Siano has undergone thorough
critiquing and editing. I further endorse its readiness for final printing,
reproduction and hard-binding.

Given this 3rd of April, 2024 at Jose Rizal Memorial State

University, Dipolog Campus, Dipolog city, Philippines.

MARJORIE O. TUDARA
English/Research Editor
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

Republic of the Philippines

JOSE RIZAL MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
The Premier University in Zamboanga del Norte
Dipolog Campus, Dipolog City

RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE

THE AWARENESS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLO PARENT

WELFARE ACT OF 2000 IN DIPOLOG CITY: A SURVEY

I. PERSONAL PROFILE
Directions: Please provide the following information either by filling in the data by
putting a check (/) that corresponds to your response.
Name___________________________________ (Optional)
Age: ____ 18-22 years old ____23-27 years old Sex: ____Male ____ Female
____28-32 years old ____ 32 & above
Occupation:
( ) Student ( ) Civilian/Unemployed ( ) Front liners
( ) Government Employee ( ) Businessman/woman ( ) Driver
( ) Farmer ( ) Fisherman ( ) Vendor
( ) Carpenter ( ) Parlor/Barber ( ) Others
Status/Circumstance of being Solo: Highest Educational Attainment:
( ) Widowed with Pension ( ) Elementary Graduate
( ) Widowed without Pension ( ) Junior High School Graduate
( ) Sexually Abused/Raped ( ) Senior High School Graduate
( ) Separated ( )Married ( )Unmarried ( ) College Graduate
( ) Teenage Pregnancy ( ) ALS
( ) Abandonment of Spouse ( ) others
Monthly Family Income
( ) Php 5,000.00 below ( ) Php 10,00.00- Php 15,000.00
( ) Php 5,000.00- Php 10,000.00 ( ) Php 15,000.00- Php 20,000.00
( ) Php 20,000.00 & above
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

PART II: WELFARE SERVICES, PRIVILEGES AND BENEFITS TO THE

SOLO PARENTS
Directions: Please check (/) and rate yourself honestly based on your perceptions in the
given statements listed below using the following scales:
5- Very Much Aware
4- Much Aware
3- Aware
2- Not Aware
1- Very Much Not Aware

Welfare Services, Privileges And Benefits To The 5 4 3 2 1

Solo Parents
PRIVELEGES

1. Cash subsidy for children of a Solo Parent.

2.Free Technical Vocational Skill Education.

3. Receives free tuition or Free scholarship program

from Commission on Higher Education (CHED).
4. .Discount 10% and exemption from value - added
TAX (VAT).
5.Implementation of the Alternative Learning System
Program in the City.
BENEFITS

1. Awareness to have the opportunity of Solo Parent

Identification Card.
2. Free Medical Assistance from the Government.

3. Government low - cost Housing Development.

4. Offering flexible payment schemes that included Pag-

ibig financing or bank financing.

5. Food Assistance/Financial Assistance for Solo Parents

especially those in the most difficult state of life or
unemployed.
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

SERVICES

1. Parental leave granted to a Solo Parent to enable said

parent to perform parental duties and responsibilities.
2. Maternity leave for a Solo Parent Mother.

3. Flexible work schedule is the right granted to a Solo

Parent employee to vary his/her arrival and departure
time without affecting the core work hours as define by
the employer.
4. Counseling services which include individual or
family counseling.
5. Work discrimination. No employer shall discriminate
against any Solo Parent employee with respect to terms
and conditions of employment on account of his/her
status.

PART III. IS THERE A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE ACCORDING TO THE

PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENT AND THE LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF
IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLO PARENT WELFARE ACT OF 2000 IN
DIPOLOG CITY?
Directions: Please check (/) and rate yourself honestly based on your perceptions in the
given statements listed below using the following scales:

5- Very Much Implemented

4- Much Implemented
3- Implemented
2- Less Implemented
1- Not Implemented
Level of Implementation of Solo Parent Act 5 4 3 2 1

PRIVELEGES

1. The Government Provides Subsidize Financial

assistance to solo parents.
2. The TESDA conducts free technical and
vocational skills educational program.
3. The Government implements the Alternative
Learning System in the City.
4. Work opportunities given by the Government
through Government/Non-Government
organizations.
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

5. The Government provides free bus rides for the

students.
BENEFITS

1. Implementation of Discounted product price

and exemption from value-added TAX (VAT) to
solo parents.
2. Implementation of free Medical Assistance
from the Government.
3. the Government provides Low-cost Housing
Development.
4. Governmental Insurances and benefits PAG-
IBIG, SSS, & Philhealth.
5. The Government allow automatic Philhealth
coverage.
SERVICES

6. Family Casework Service in every barangay

in Dipolog City.
7. Parental leave granted to a Solo Parent to
enable said parent to perform parental duties
and responsibilities.
8. Maternity leave for a Solo Parent Mother.

9. Flexible work schedule is the right granted to

a Solo Parent employee to vary his/her arrival
and departure time without affecting the core
work hours as define by the employer.
10. Work discrimination. No employer shall
discriminate against any Solo Parent
employee with respect to terms and
conditions of employment on account of
his/her status.
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

PART IV. IMPLICATIONS CAN BE DRAWN FROM THE RATE OF THE

RESPONDENTS IN LOOKING INTO THE EXTENT OF AWARENESS OF
IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLO PARENT WELFARE ACT OF 2000.

Directions: Please check (/) and rate yourself honestly based on your perceptions in the
given statements listed below using the following scales:

5- Very Much Aware

4- Much Aware
3- Aware
2- Not Aware
1-Very Much Not Aware

Level of Implications from the respondents in

looking into the extent of awareness of
5 4 3 2 1
Implementation of Solo Parent Welfare Act.
1. Lack of awareness may be attributed to limited
dissemination of information or inadequate efforts
to educate the public about the act. As a result,
solo parents may not be familiar with their rights
and benefits under the law.
2. Inadequate implementation: If a significant number
of respondents express concerns or dissatisfaction with
the implementation of the act despite being aware of it,
it could indicate potential issues with the execution and
enforcement of the Solo Parent Welfare Act. This may
imply that the government or relevant authorities need
to improve their efforts to ensure that the provisions of
the act are properly implemented and that solo parents
are receiving the support and benefits they are entitled
to.
3. Need for advocacy and awareness campaigns:
A low rate of respondents looking into the extent
of awareness might highlight the necessity for
advocacy and awareness campaigns focused on
educating the public about the Solo Parent
Welfare Act. This suggests that there is a need for
increased efforts to disseminate information, raise
awareness, and provide guidance to solo parents
about their rights and available support systems.
4. Policy evaluation and refinement: If the survey
or study on the extent of awareness reveals gaps
or shortcomings in the implementation of the Solo
Parent Welfare Act, it can serve as a basis for
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

policy evaluation and refinement. The findings

can be used to identify areas that require
improvement, such as legal provisions,
accessibility to support services, or
communication strategies. Policy-makers can then
consider making adjustments to enhance the
effectiveness of the act and address any concerns
raised by the respondents.
5. Potential for legal empowerment: A high rate of
respondents looking into the extent of awareness
could indicate a growing interest among solo
parents to understand their legal rights and
benefits. This presents an opportunity for legal
empowerment initiatives, such as legal clinics,
workshops, or online resources, to provide solo
parents with the knowledge and tools to navigate
the legal aspects of their situation effectively.
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

PHOTO DOCUMENTATION
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37
PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

TRICIA MAE G. ANOY

Kauswagan, Sergio Osmeña Zamboanga del Norte
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Gender: Female
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Seventh Day Adventist
Dialect: Visaya/Subanen
Occupation: Factory Worker
Father’s Name: Jeheil S. Anoy
Occupation: Factory Worker
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Elementary Education
School: Kauswagan Elementary School
Address: Kauswagan, Sergio Osmeña Zamboanga del Norte
School Year: 2013-2014

Secondary Education
Junior High School: Pob. Bajo, Sergio Osmeña High School
Address: Pob. Bajo, Sergio Osmeña Zamboanga del Norte
School Year:2018-2019
Senior High School: Pob. Bajo, Sergio Osmeña High School
Address:
School Year: 2017-2018

Tertiary Education
School: Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Address: Turno, Dipolog City
Course/Program: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
School Year: 2023-2024
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

JOJE MAE M. MENDOZA

Pian, Polanco Zamboanga del Norte

PERSONAL
Gender: Female INFORMATION
Age: 24
Date of Birth: September 03, 1999
Place of Birth: Pian, Polanco Zamboanga del Norte
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Dialect: Visaya
Mother’s Name: Merly M. Mendoza
Occupation: Farmer
Father’s Name: Joseph Gilbert P. Mendoza
Occupation: Farmer
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Elementary Education
School: Pian Elementary School
Address: Pian, Polanco Zamboanga del Norte
School Year: 2011-2012

Secondary Education
Junior High School: Polanco National High School
Address: Pob. South, Polanco Zamboanga del Norte
School Year: 2015-2016
Senior High School: Polanco National High School
Address: Pob. South, Polanco Zamboanga del Norte
Program: Accounting, Business and Management (ABM)
School Year: 2017-2018

Tertiary Education
School: Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Address: Turno, Dipolog City
Course/Program: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
School Year: 2023-2024
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

CHERRY ART T. PAGASIAN

Sta. Isabel, Dipolog City Zamboanga del Norte
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Gender: Female
Age: 23
Date of Birth: November 05, 2000
Place of Birth: Sergio Osmeña, Zamboanga del Norte
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Dialect: Visaya
Mother’s Name: Sherly D. Pagasian
Occupation: Overseas Filipno Worker (OFW)
Father’s Name: Artche G. Pagasian
Occupation: Deceased
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Elementary Education
School: Sta. Isabel Elementary School
Address: Dipolog - Polanco - Oroquieta Rd, Dipolog City
School Year: 2013-2014

Secondary Education
Junior High School: ZNNHS
Address: Gen. Luna Street, Dipolog City
School Year: 2017-2018
Senior High School: Dipolog City Institute of Technology(DCIT)
Address: National Highway, Minaog, Dipolog City
Program: General Academic Strand
School Year: 2018 - 2019

Tertiary Education
School: Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Address: Turno, Dipolog City
Course/Program: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
School Year: 2023 - 2024
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

NICOH A. SASUMAN
Purok Rosal San Nicolas Dapitan City Zamboanga del Norte

PERSONAL
Gender: Male INFORMATION
Age: 21
Date of Birth: February 10, 2002
Place of Birth: Piñan District Hospital, Zamboanga del Norte
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Dialect: Visaya
Mother’s Name: Serlita A. Sasuman
Occupation: Teacher
Father’s Name: Nicanor Sasuman
Occupation: Farmer
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Elementary Education
School: San Nicolas Elementary School
Address: San Nicolas, Dapitan City Zamboanga del Norte
School Year: 2013-2014

Secondary Education
Junior High School: Barcelona High School
Address: Barcelona Dapitan City Zamboanga del Norte
School Year: 2017-2018
Senior High School: Barcelona High School
Address: Barcelona Dapitan City Zamboanga del Norte
Program: Computer System Services (TVL)
School Year: 2018 - 2019

Tertiary Education
School: Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Address: Turno, Dipolog City
Course/Program: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
School Year: 2023 - 2024
 PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 37

MADELYN B. SIANO
Purok Rosal ll Lungcanad Gulayon Dipolog City ZN.

PERSONAL
Gender: Female INFORMATION
Age: 22
Date of Birth: February 04, 2001
Place of Birth: Dipolog City Zamboanga del Norte
Civil Status: Single
Citizenship: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic
Dialect: Visaya
Mother’s Name: Delia B. Siano
Occupation: Housewife
Father’s Name: Deocito C. Siano
Occupation: Job Order/Carpenter
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Elementary Education
School: Gulayon Elementary School
Address: Gulayon Dipolog City Zamboanga del Norte
School Year: 2011-2012

Secondary Education
Junior High School: Zamboanga del Norte Natrional High School
Address: Turno Dipolog City Zamboanga del Norte
School Year: 2016-2017
Senior High School: Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Address: Turno Dipolog City Zamboanga del Norte
Program: Humanities and Social Sciences
School Year: 2018 - 2019

Tertiary Education
School: Jose Rizal Memorial State University
Address: Turno, Dipolog City
Course/Program: Bachelor of Science in Criminology
School Year: 2023 - 2024