BEGUM ROKEYA UNIVERSITY, RANGPUR

ASSIGNMENT # 01
HISTORY & EVALUATION OF OPERATING
SYSTEM AND TYPES.

Course Code: CSE-1101

Course Title: Introduction to Computer Systems

Submission Date: 13 November 2023

Submitted by Submitted To
MD JAKARIA HASAN 14th Intake
Submitted
GST Roll:by219820 Department To
of Computer Science
Submitted
MD JAKARIA
Merit: 13904 HASAN & Engineering
MARJIA SULTANA
ID: 12205035
Session: 2022-2023 Begum Rokeya University,
LACTURER
Reg: 000017087
Department of Computer Science Rangpur
Session: 2022-2023 Department of Computer
& Engineering
Department of Computer
Begum Rokeya University,
Science & Engineering
Science
Rangpur& Engineering Begum Rokeya University,
Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur
Rangpur
Title: Assignment on History & Evaluation of Operating
System and types.
Objectives:
 Provide a chronological overview of the evolution of operating systems from the
earliest computers to the present day.
 Highlight key milestones, breakthroughs, and influential developments in operating
system history.
 Classify operating systems based on their architecture, purpose, and usage.
 Compare and contrast various types of operating systems, such as batch processing,
time-sharing, real-time, and distributed systems.

Operating System
The Computer system consists of a fundamental set of Hardware, Software, Data and user.
An Operating system is a program that acts as an interface between the user and the computer
hardware and controls the execution of all kinds of programs.
An operating system is software that enables to interact with a computer's hardware.

An Operating System (OS) is an interface between computer user and computer hardware.
An operating system is software which performs all the basic tasks like file management,
memory management, process management, handling input and output, and controlling
peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.

Evaluation of Operating System:

Operating system have been evolving over the years, we can categories this evaluation based
of different generations.
0th Generation:
There was no operating system available for this generation computer and computer
programs ware written in machine language. This computer in this generation was inefficient
and dependent on the varying competencies of the individual programmers as operators.
First Generation (1951-1956)
In the first generation, there is no operating system as well. System operation was performed
with the help of expert’s operators and without the benefit of an operating system for a time.
May be end of first generation mono-programmed operating system was developed, but this
system still continued to operate under the control of a human operator who used to follow a
number of steps execute a program.
Second Generation (1956-1964)
In the second generation the first Operating system GMOS was developed by the IBM
computer. GMOS Operating system based on single stream batch Processing system.
Operating system cleaned after completing one job and then continues to read and initiates
the next job in punch card.
In this time another Operating system was developed which is Compatible Time sharing
Operating system (CTSS) developed by MIT during the early 1960s.
Third Generation (1964-1979)
The third generation officially began in April 1964 with IBM’s announcement of its system
of computer. Operating system development continued with the introduction and widespread
adoption of multiprogramming. Some Operating system developed in this period is
Multiprogramming OS, Multitasking OS, SPOOLIN Operating System.
Fourth Generation (1979-Present)
The fourth generation is characterized by the appearance of the personal computer and the
workstation. Many Operation System which are using today like Windows, Linux, MacOS
etc was developed in the fourth generation.
The Windows operating system (Windows OS) refers to a family of operating systems
developed by Microsoft Corporation. Linux was first developed in 1991 by Finnish computer
programmer Linux Torvalds.
Some Common version of Windows and Linux Family Operating System:
Windows Linux
Version Release Date Version
MS DOS 19881 Debian
Windows 1.0 20 Nov 1985 Gentoo
Windows 95 24 Aug 1995 Ubunto
Windows ME 19 June 2000 Mint
Windows XP 25 Oct 2001 RHE
Windows Vista 30 Jan 2007 Centos
Windows 7 22 Oct 2009 Fedora
Windows 8 26 Oct 2012 Kali Linux
Windows 10 29 July 2015 Open SUSE
Windows 11 5 Oct 2021 Arch Linux

Short History of Operating System:

 Operating systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage tape storage
 The General Motors Research Lab implemented the first OS in the early 1950s for
their IBM 701.
 In the mid-1960s, operating systems started to use disks
 In the late 1960s, the first version of the Unix OS was developed
 The first OS built by Microsoft was DOS. It was built in 1981 by purchasing the 86-
DOS software from a Seattle company
 The present-day popular OS Windows first came to existence in 1985 when a GUI
was created and paired with MS-DOS.

Types of Operating System

The operating system can be of different types. They are as follows:
1. Batch OS
In this system, the OS does not forward the jobs/tasks directly to the CPU. It works by
grouping together similar types of jobs less than one category.
Examples are the payroll system, bank statement, etc.
2. Single User Single Task OS
This Operating System is used by a single user for performing a single task at a time.
Example’s DOS
3. Time-Shared or Multitasking OS
When more than one task takes place on the system it is called time-shared OS. As multiple
tasks can run at the system at a time as per requirement. Hence, they all share the CPU time
one by one. Therefore, we also name it multitasking. The time that each task gets is
called quantum. Examples are UNIX etc.
4. Distributed OS
In this system, there is more than one CPU present. The OS distributes the tasks among all the
processors. The processors do not share any memory or clock time. OS handles all
communication between them through various communication lines.
Examples are LOCUS etc.
5. Network or Multiprocessing OS
In these OS various systems are connected to a server. It allows the system to share resources
such as files, printers, applications, etc. Moreover, it gives the capability to serve to manage
these resources. Examples are UNIX, LINUX, Microsoft Windows Server 2008, etc.
6. Real-Time OS (RTOS)
In these systems, the time interval for processing and responding to inputs is very small.
Therefore, due to this quality, these are used in real-time situations. For example in missile
systems, robots, etc.
7. Embedded OS
An embedded operating system is a computer operating system designed for use in embedded
computer systems embedded in ROM. It has limited features.
Example: ATM Machine, Traffic Control, Micro oven etc.
8. Mobile OS
Mobile operating systems such as Android OS, Apple and Windows mobile OS run
exclusively on small devices such as smart phones, tablets and wearables.

Conclusion
An operating system is software which acts as an interface between the end user and
computer hardware. Different categories of Operating System in computer and other
devices are: Batch Operating System, Multitasking/Time Sharing OS, Multiprocessing
OS, Real Time OS, Distributed OS, Network OS & Mobile OS
Personal Computer Operating Systems were first developed in the late 1950s to manage
tape storage.