Scribd
Upload
26 views

Lecture 04

Uploaded by

Mm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
26 views

Lecture 04

Uploaded by

Mm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 37

College of Engineering

Department of Civil & Construction Engineering

CONEN 452: Foundation Design


Bearing Capacity (Settlement)

2nd Semester Dr. Zaheer Kazmi


2022-2023 Email: [email protected]
Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations

❑ A foundation is required for distributing the


loads of the superstructure on a large area.

❑ The foundation should be designed such that


a) The soil below does not fail in shear &
b) Settlement is within the safe limits.
Settlement of Shallow Foundations
• A successful design of shallow foundations must include
settlement analysis besides the bearing capacity analysis.

• In many cases, settlement controls the design of shallow


foundations, especially when the foundation width is large,
and the bearing capacity analysis is secondary.

• The change in the vertical effective stress in the soil due


to the foundation load is required for the computation of
the settlement underneath the foundation.

• The complete state of stresses in soils consists of:


✓ The initial state of stresses;
✓ The stress changes due to construction.
Examples of Settlement
Examples of Settlement
Different Types of Settlement
Components of Settlements
Stresses inside
soil mass
Rectangular area
carrying uniform
pressure

Fadum Chart
Stresses inside soil mass
Increase in vertical stress due to surface footing
Stresses inside soil mass
Approximate method
Immediate/Elastic Settlement Calculation
For flexible foundations on saturated clay (𝜇𝑠 = 0.5)
Immediate/Elastic Settlement Calculation
For flexible foundations on Granular Soil
m1 = length of foundation
divided by the width of
foundation
Immediate Settlement Calculation
Immediate Settlement Calculation
Immediate Settlement Calculation
Example
Settlement of Sand using Strain Influence Factor

Strain influence factor proposed by Schmertmann et al. (1978).


Settlement of Sand using Strain Influence Factor
Settlement of Sand using Strain Influence Factor
Settlement of Sand using Strain Influence Factor
Settlement of Sand using Strain Influence Factor
Settlement of Sand using Strain Influence Factor
Settlement of Sand using Strain Influence Factor
Settlement of Sand using Strain Influence Factor
Settlement of Sand using Strain Influence Factor
Settlement of Sand using Strain Influence Factor
Consolidation Settlement
The consolidation settlement
can be calculated using the
modulus of volume
compressibility mv

𝑆𝑐 = 𝐻𝑜 . 𝑚𝑣 . ∆𝜎𝑧
Ho = the thickness of the soil layer.
mv = modulus of volume compressibility
Dsz = increase in vertical stress due to foundation
Consolidation Settlement in Clay

Primary Consolidation Settlement


Secondary Consolidation Settlement
Primary Consolidation settlement
Also, can be calculated using the compression index Cc
If the clay is normally consolidated, the entire loading path
is along the VCL.
s vo '+ Ds '
initial De = Cc log
eo s vo '
VCL De
De Cc Sc = H s’vf
1 final 1 + eo
 Cc  s vo '+ Ds ' 
S c = H   log 
 1 + eo  s vo ' 

svo’ svf’ = svo’+ Ds’


Primary Consolidation settlement
If the clay is overconsolidated, and remains so by
the end of consolidation, note the use of Cr

CASE I: s’vo < s’vf < s’p s vo '+ Ds '


De = Cr log
s vo '
initial
Cr
De
eo
De 1
final
Sc = H s’vf
1 + eo
VCL  Cr  s vo '+ Ds ' 
S c = H   log 
 1 + eo  s vo ' 
Cc
1
svo’ sp’
svf’ = svo’+ Ds
Primary Consolidation settlement
If an overconsolidated clay becomes normally
consolidated by the end of consolidation, s’vf
CASE II: s’vo < s’p < s’vf
s p' s vo '+ Ds '
De = Cr log + Cc log
initial
Cr s vo ' s p'
eo
1 De
De Sc = H
final 1 + eo
Cc  Cr  s p' 
S c = H   log 
1
 1 + eo  s vo ' 
VCL
svo’ sp’  Cc  s '+ D s ' 
+ H   log vo 
+  s 
svf ’ = svo’+ Ds  1 e o  p ' 
Secondary Consolidation Settlement
Bearing capacity of sand based on settlement
According to Meyerhof’s theory, for 25 mm (1 inch) of
estimated maximum settlement

In English (fps) units,


Bearing capacity of sand based on settlement
Bowles (1977) proposed modified equations

In English (fps) units

34
35
Plate load test

ASTM D-1194
Plate load test

In sandy soils

In clayey soils

For a given intensity of load q, the settlement of actual footing can


be approximated from following relationship

In sandy soils

In clayey soils
37
Limitation of plate load test

You might also like