Fourth Quarter Module 5

Week 8
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

This module was collaboratively designed, developed, and evaluated by the Development and
Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their learning.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks
included in this module.

For the learner:

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the module.
Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities included in the
module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain a
deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 Let’s Learn

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the measures of position and other statistical methods in analyzing and interpreting
research data. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
● Identify the appropriate measures of position and other statistical methods in
analyzing and interpreting research data
● Solve real-life word problems about quartile, percentile, and decile.

Let’s Try

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. It is referred to as the 75th percentile.

A. first quartile B. second quartile

C. third quartile D. fourth quartile
2. The kth percentile is a value such that, at least, k percent of the observations are
___?
A. less than or equal to this value B. less than this value
C. more than or equal to this value D. more than this value

3. The first quartile _____.

A. contains at least one-third of the data elements
B. is the same as the 25th percentile

C. is the same as the 50th percentile

D. is the same as the 75th percentile
4. The interquartile range is _______.
 A. the 50th percentile
B. another name for the variance

C. the difference between the largest and smallest values

D. the difference between the third quartile and the first quartile
5. It is always equal to the median of a sample.

A. mode B. mean
C. 50th percentile D. 75th percentile
6. If index k (which is used to determine the location of the kth percentile) is not an
integer, its value should be _____.
A. squared B. rounded down
C. divided by (n – 1) D. rounded up

7. Which of the following is NOT a measure of position?

A. the quartile B. the 50th percentile
C. the 5th decile D. the interquartile range
For numbers 8 – 10, refer to the given sample data.

A researcher has collected the following sample data:

5 12 6 8 5
6 7 5 12 4

8. Solve the mid-quartile.

A. 5 B. 6

C. 7 D. 9

9. Solve the 50th percentile.

A. 5 B. 6

C. 7 D. 9

10.Solve the 5th decile.

A. 5 B. 6

C. 7 D. 9

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 Alternatively, you may answer these questions online! Put your
score here
Use this link on your cellphone, laptop, or desktop:
https://bit.ly/3fInZAF

Use proper capitalization to activate the link. You will see your score after
completing the test. Make sure to screenshot your work as a proof to your
teacher then write your score in the box. Make sure you are connected to the
internet!

Lesson Uses Appropriate Measures of

Position and Other Statistical
1 Methods in Analyzing and
Interpreting Research Data

Let’s Recall

Measures of position give us a way to see where a certain data point or

value falls in a sample or distribution. A measure can tell us whether a value is
about the average, or whether it’s unusually high or low. Measures of position used
for quantitative data falls on some numerical scale. Sometimes, measures can be
applied to ordinal variables – those variables that have an order, like, first, second,
third…fiftieth.

Common Measures of Position

● Quartiles
● Deciles
● Percentiles
● Box and Whisker Plot

Quartiles are values that divide a set of data into 4 equal groups. There are 3
quartiles, denoted by Q1, Q2, and Q3, which are the first, second, and third quartiles,
respectively.
In descriptive statistics, the quartiles of a ranked set of data are the points that
divide the data into four equal groups, each group comprising a quarter of data.

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 ● The first quartile (Q1) is defined as the middle number between the smallest
number and the median of the data set.
● The second quartile (Q2) is the median of the data.
● The third quartile (Q3) is the middle value between the median and the highest
value of the data set.
In application of statistics such as epidemiology, sociology, and finance, the
quartiles of a ranked set of data are the four subsets whose boundaries are the three
quartile points. Thus, an individual item might be described as being “in the upper
quartile”.

Decile is a quantitative method of splitting up a set of ranked data into 10 equally

large subsections. This type of data ranking is performed as part of many academic
and statistical studies in the finance and economics fields. The data may be ranked
from largest to smallest values, or vice versa.

In descriptive statistics, a decile is used to categorize large data sets from highest
to lowest values, or vice versa. Like the quartile and the percentile, a decile is a form
of a quantile that divides a set of observations into samples that are easier to analyze
and measure.

Percentiles are score-points that divide a distribution into 100 equal parts. It is
commonly used to report scores in tests.

Let’s Explore

Interpreting Quartiles

Each quartile contains 25% of the total observations. Generally, the data is arranged
from smallest to largest:

1. First quartile: the lowest 25% of numbers

2. Second quartile: between 25.1% and 50% (up to the median)
3. Third quartile: 50.1% to 75% (above the median)
4. Fourth quartile: the highest 25% of numbers

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 Erika’s teacher summarized the achievement test result of her class in the table
below. If Erika belongs to this class and her score is 76, does she belong to the
upper 25% of her class?

Score Frequency Less than cf

90-99 3 40
80-89 4 37
70-79 6 33
60-69 11 27
50-59 8 16
40-49 5 8
30-39 3 3

To determine whether Erika belongs to the upper 25% of her class, we must
find Q3, the value for which 75% of the scores fall.
Since (k/4) n = (3/4)40 = 30, then the 3rd quartile class is the interval 70-79.
We then substitute the values Lk = 69.5, cfb = 27, fk = 6, and i = 10 into the formula
for quartiles.
30−27
The formula for the grouped data. Q3 = 69.5 + ( 6
) 10
k
(4)n−cfb = 69.5 + 5
Qk = Lk + ( )i
fk
= 74.5

This means that 75% of the score is less than 74.5. Since Ericka’s score is 76,
she belongs to the upper 25% of her class.

Interpreting Deciles
A decile rank arranges the data in order from lowest to highest and is done on a
scale of one to 10 where each successive number corresponds to an increase of 10
percentage points. In other words, there are nine decile points.
1st decile – 10% of the data 6th decile – 60% of the data
2nd decile – 20% of the data 7th decile – 70% of the data
3rd decile – 30% of the data 8th decile – 80% of the data
4th decile – 40% of the data 9th decile – 90% of the data
5th decile – 50% of the data

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Using the data below, about the Height of Filipino Children 7 to 12 years of age,
compute for D3, D6, D9.
Class Interval f cf
Height in cm.
134 – 139 10 50
128 – 133 9 40
122 – 127 8 31
116 – 121 1 23
110 – 115 5 22
104 – 109 2 17
98 – 103 9 15
92 – 97 5 6
86 – 91 1 1
N = 50

𝑘 3 i=6
a. D3 Class: (10) 𝑛 = (10) 50 = 15
𝑘
( )𝑛−𝑐𝑓𝑏
Class Interval: 98 – 103 D3 = 𝐿𝑘 + ( 10
)𝑖
Lk = 97.5 𝑓𝑘

cfb = 6 15−6
D3 = 97.5 + ( )6
9
fk = 9
D3 = 103.5

𝑘 6 𝑘
b. D6 Class: (10) 𝑛 = (10)50 = 30 ( )𝑛−𝑐𝑓𝑏
10
D6 = 𝐿𝑘 + ( )𝑖
Class Interval: 122 – 127 𝑓𝑘

Lk = 121.5 30−23
cfb = 23 D6 = 121.5 + ( )6
8
fD6 = 8 D6 = 126.75
i=6
9𝑁 9(50) 𝑘
( )𝑛−𝑐𝑓𝑏
c. D9 Class: 10 = 10 = 45 10
D9 = 𝐿𝑘 + ( )𝑖
𝑓𝑘
Class Interval: 134 – 139
Lk = 133.5 45−40
cfb = 40 D9 = 133.5 + ( )6
10
fD9 = 10 D9 = 136.5
i=6

This means that 30% of the children have a height of 103.5 cm. and
below; 60% of the children have a height of 126.75 cm. and below; and 90% of
the children have a height of 136.5 cm. and below.

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Interpreting Percentile
Percentile rank of a score refers to the percentage of scores in its frequency
distribution that are lower than it or equal to. Percentile scores range from 1 to 99.
The data on the distances traveled by 200 participants in the fundraising marathon
“Takbo Para Sa Kalikasan” is given by the following table. Find P95.
Distance (in km) f cf
19 – 21 22 200
16 – 18 27 178
13 – 15 26 151
10 – 12 32 125
7–9 39 93
4–6 28 54
1–3 26 26

𝑘 95
To find P95, we compute (100) 𝑛 = (100) 200 = 190

Therefore, the 85th percentile class is the interval 16 – 18. We then substitute the
values:
Lk = 18.5 190−178
P85 = 18.5 + ( )3
22
cfb = 178
= 18.5 + 1.64
fk = 22
= 20.14
n = 200
i=3
This means that 95% of all the participants traveled less than 20.14 km.

Let’s Elaborate

1) Let us find the 3rd quartile Q3 for the following data representing the heights (in
centimeters) of 11 high school students.
134 137 142 144 147 147 149 153 154 157 162

We are looking for a value below which 75% or ¾ of the data fall.
Substituting k = 3 and n = 11 into the formula,

𝑘(𝑛+1) 𝑡ℎ
Qk = ( 4 )

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we obtain
𝑡ℎ
Q3 = (3(11+1
4
)
)

𝑡ℎ
= (3(412))

= 9𝑡ℎ
The 3rd quartile is the 9th value, and hence Q3 = 154. Thus, we conclude
that 75% of the 11 students have heights less than 154 cm.

2) Given the series 3, 5, 7, 4 6,2 and 9. Calculate the 2nd and 4th decile.

To find the decile first we have to arrange the data in order

2 3 4 5 6 7 9

Here n = 7

2(7+1) 𝑡ℎ
D₂ = (
10 )

2(8) 𝑡ℎ
= (
10 )

= 1.6𝑡ℎ

= 1st value + 0.6 of the distance between 1st and 2nd value

= 2 + 0.6(3-2)

D₂ = 2.6

This means that the value of our 2nd Decile is 2.6

Now let us find the value for D₄

Solution:

4(7+1) 𝑡ℎ
D₄ = (
10 )

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 4(8) 𝑡ℎ
= (
10 )

= 3.2𝑡ℎ

= 3rd value + 0.2 of the distance between 3rd and 4th value

= 4 + 0.2(5-4)

D4 = 4.2

This means that the value of our 4th Decile is 4.2.

3) Every month, George collects old newspaper from the 30 houses in his community. The
data for the collection last month is summarize in the table below. 35th Percentile and
interpret the result.

Weight of the newspapers No. of houses (frequency) cf

collected per house (in kg)
18 – 20 3 30
15 – 17 4 27
12 – 14 9 23
9 – 11 7 14
6–8 6 7
3–5 1 1

𝑘 35
To find P35, we compute ( )𝑛 =( ) 30 = 10.5
100 100

Therefore, the 35th percentile class is the interval 9 – 11. We then substitute the values:
Lk = 8.5 10.5−7
P85 = 8.5 + ( )3
7
cfb = 7
= 8.5 + 1.5
fk = 7
= 10
n = 30
i=3
P35 = 10, This means that 35% of the newspaper collected per house weights from 10 kg
below.

For more examples about the Measures of Position (Quartile, Decile, and
Percentile) of ungrouped and grouped data, visit the following link:

https://youtu.be/pjxWue8zcEo

https://youtu.be/GK7n_3EV3t4

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 Let’s Dig In

Answer the following problem and interpret the result.

1. Find the 40th Percentile P40 of the following set of data:

62 52 61 43 57
68 39 56 41 65

2. The data on the distances traveled by 150 participants in the fundraising marathon
“Takbo Para Sa Kinabukasan” is given by the following table. Find P 85.

Distance (in km) f cf

19 – 21 12 150
16 – 18 17 138
13 – 15 26 121
10 – 12 32 95
7–9 29 63
4–6 18 34
1–3 16 16

Let’s Remember

Interpreting Quartiles

Each quartile contains 25% of the total observations. Generally, the data is arranged
from smallest to largest:

1. First quartile: the lowest 25% of numbers

2. Second quartile: between 25.1% and 50% (up to the median)
3. Third quartile: 50.1% to 75% (above the median)
4. Fourth quartile: the highest 25% of numbers

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Interpreting Deciles
A decile rank arranges the data in order from lowest to highest and is done on a
scale of one to 10 where each successive number corresponds to an increase of 10
percentage points. In other words, there are nine decile points.
1st decile – 10% of the data 6th decile – 60% of the data
2nd decile – 20% of the data 7th decile – 70% of the data
3rd decile – 30% of the data 8th decile – 80% of the data
4th decile – 40% of the data 9th decile – 90% of the data
5th decile – 50% of the data

Interpreting Percentile
Percentile rank of a score refers to the percentage of scores in its frequency
distribution that are lower than it or equal to. Percentile scores range from 1 to 99.

Let’s Apply

Compute for Q2, D5, P50 of the group data below, about the Frequency of Mobile
Phones Owned by Filipino with ages 10-44 and interpret the result.

Ages Frequency of Mobile cf

Phones Owned (f)
40 – 44 5 30
35 – 39 2 25
30 – 34 7 23
25 – 29 5 16
20 – 24 6 11
15 – 19 2 5
10 – 14 3 3
N = 30

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 Let’s Evaluate

A. The frequency distribution presented below gives the ages of the members of the
families in Barangay 143. Complete the table and answer the following questions.
Ages Frequency (f) cf
81 – 90 7 200
71 – 80 4 193
61 – 70 13 189
51 – 60 17 176
41 – 50 27 159
31 – 40 16 132
21 – 30 43 116
11 – 20 35 73
1 – 10 38 38

1. How many members comprise Barangay 143?

a. 200 c. 400
b. 300 d. 500

For Nos. 2 to 5, refer to the given data above.

2. Which of the following are the values of Q2, D5, and P50?
a. Q2 = 22.4, D5 = 23.4, and P50 = 24.4
b. Q2 = 22.4, D5 = 22.4, and P50 = 22.4
c. Q2 = 26.8, D5 = 27.8, and P50 = 28.8
d. Q2 = 26.8, D5 = 26.8, and P50 = 26.8

3. Which of the following is the correct interpretation for the values of Q2, D5, and
P50?
a. The mean is equal to Q2, D5, and P50 which are all about getting average
in a set of data.
b. The mode is equal to Q2, D5, and P50 which are all about getting the most
commonly observed value is a set of data.
c. The median is equal to Q2, D5, and P50 which are all about getting the
50% of the data.
d. The median is equal to Q2, D5, and P50 which are all about getting the
75% of the data.

4. Which of the following are the values of Q3 and P75?

a. Q3 = 46.16 and P75 = 47.16
b. Q3 = 47.17 and P75 = 47.17
c. Q3 = 48.18 and P75 = 48.18
d. Q3 = 49.19 and P75 = 50.19
 5. Which of the following is the correct interpretation for the values of Q3 and P75?
a. Q3 and P75 are both pertaining to 25% of the data
b. Q3 and P75 are both pertaining to 50% of the data
c. Q3 and P75 are both pertaining to 75% of the data
d. Q3 and P75 are both pertaining to 100% of the data

B. The resultsresult of the Math examination of 56 students are tabulated below.

Scores (x) Frequency (f) cf
91 – 100 1 56
81 – 90 3 55
71 – 80 4 52
61 – 70 5 48
51 – 60 7 43
41 – 50 8 36
31 – 40 11 28
21 – 30 9 17
11 – 20 6 8
1 – 10 2 2

6. What is the total number of the respondents?

a. 26 c. 46
b. 36 d. 56

7. What is the value of Q2 and what is its interpretation?

a. Q2 = 40.50, this means that 50% of the students scored 40.50 and
below
b. Q2 = 40.50, this means that 50% of the students scored 40.50 and
above
c. Q2 = 45.50, this means that 50% of the students scored 40.50 and
below
d. Q2 = 45.50, this means that 50% of the students scored 40.50 and
above

8. What is the value of D9 and what is its interpretation?

a. D9 = 73.4, this means that 90% of the students scored 73.4 and below.
b. D9 = 74.4, this means that 90% of the students scored 74.4 and below.
c. D9 = 75.5, this means that 90% of the students scored 75.5 and below.
d. D9 = 76.5, this means that 90% of the students scored 76.5 and below.

9. Which of the following statement differentiates a grouped data from the

ungrouped data?

I. Grouped data is organized into classes while ungrouped data has no

form of organization.
 II. Grouped data uses frequency table in presenting data while ungrouped
data is written on a list form.
III. Grouped data and Ungrouped data are known as raw score

a. Only I c. I and II
b. Only II d. I and III

10. Why are measures of position important?

a. It is used to determine the placement of the data in a sample
b. It tells us whether a value is about average, or whether it’s usually high
or low
c. It shows us how to compare values from different distributions or
measurement scales
d. All of the above.
Alternatively, you may answer these questions online! Put your
score here
Use this link on your cellphone, laptop, or desktop:
https://bit.ly/3wu2xpS

Use proper capitalization to activate the link. You will see your score after
completing the test. Make sure to screenshot your work as proof to your teacher
then write your score in the box. Make sure you are connected to the internet!

Let’s Extend

Answer the following.

1. Suppose you took a college entrance exam and scored in the 90th
percentile. Explain what it means.

2. In a 20-question math test, the 70th percentile for the number of correct
answers was 16. What does it mean?

3. The measure of position, namely, quartiles, deciles, and percentiles,

indicate the relative standing of a data value when data are sorted into
numerical order, from smallest to largest. The corresponding percent of
data values are less than or equal to any measure of location. What does
it mean?
References
Bernabe, Julieta G.et. al. (2014) “Our World of Math 10’’, Vibal Group Inc.
Lopez, Alexander G,et. al. (2014) “Conceptual Math & Beyond 10, Brilliant Creations
Publishing, Inc.
Ester Ogena, PhD. et. al. (2013) “McGraw-Hill Our Math Grade 10” Vibal Group Inc.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: MS. MARY JOY P. MONTEGRANDE

MRS.AMELIA A. CANZANA
Editors:
Content Evaluator: MS. FRANCES L. PRIELA
Language Evaluator: MR. KEVIN R. TUTANES

Reviewers: MRS.GINA C. FRANCISCO

MRS. MARISOL BARBARA M. FERNANDEZ
MS. JENNICA ALEXIS B. SABADO
DR. MELEDA POLITA

Management Team: DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM, SDS

DR. GEORGE P. TIZON, SGOD Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA, CID Chief
MRS. MIRASOL I. RONGAVILLA, EPS-Mathematics
DR. DAISY L. MATAAC, EPS – LRMS/ALS Name of SDS

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig City and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: [email protected]