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Report Math 2nd Sem

The document discusses inductive reasoning and provides examples of using inductive reasoning to make predictions based on patterns in data. Inductive reasoning involves examining specific examples to form a general conclusion, although the conclusion may not be certain. Examples include predicting the next number in a series and using data about pendulum lengths and periods to make inferences.

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9 views

Report Math 2nd Sem

The document discusses inductive reasoning and provides examples of using inductive reasoning to make predictions based on patterns in data. Inductive reasoning involves examining specific examples to form a general conclusion, although the conclusion may not be certain. Examples include predicting the next number in a series and using data about pendulum lengths and periods to make inferences.

Uploaded by

steamed.cake3124
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDUCTIVE REASONING

-is a type of reasoning that forms a conclusion based on the examination of


specific examples is called indective reasoning. The conclusion formed by using
inductive reasoning is a conjuncture, since it may not be correct.

////is a process of reaching a grnrral conclusion by examinimg specific examples---


When you examine a list of numbers and predict the next number in the list
according to some pattern you have observed, you are using inductive reasoning.

EXAMPLES:
I
Warm up
USE INDUCTIVE REASONING TO PREDICT THE NEXT NUMBER IN THE EACH OF THE FOLLOWING
LISTS.
A. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ?
B. 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, ?

(on the board)


A. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, ?
B. 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, ?

II
Consider the following procedure Pick a number. Multiply the number by 8, add 6 to
the product, divide the sum by 2, and subtract 3.

////Complete the above procedure for several different numbers. Use inductive
reasoning to make a conjecture about the relationship between the size of the
resulting number and the size of the original number

Solution
Suppose we pick 5 as our original number. Then the procedure would produce the
following results

Original number 5
Multiply by 8: 8×5=40
Add 6: 40-6=46
Divide by 2: 46-2=23
Subtract 3: 23-3=20

(on the board)


try number 3, 11, 1

III A
Scientists often use inductive reasoning. For instance Galileo Galilei(1564-1642)
used inductive reasoning to discover that the time required for a pendulum to
complete one swing is dependent on its length.

LENGHT OF THE PENDULUM PERIOD OF PENDULUM IN HEARTBEATS


1 1
4 2
9 3
16 4
25 5
36 6

Bonus
Use Inductive Reasoning to Solve an Application
Use the data in the above table and inductive reasoning to answer each of the
following questions.
a. If a pendulum has a length of 49 units, what is its period?
b. If the length of a pendulum is quadrupled, what happens to its period?

Solution
a. In the table, each pendulum has a period that is the square root of its length.
Thus we conjecture that a pendulum with a length of 49 units will have a period of
7 heartbeats.
b. In the table, a pendulum with a length of 4 units has a period that is twice
that of a pendulum with a length of 1 unit. A pendulum with a length of 16 units
has a period that is twice that of a pendulum with a length of 4 units. It appears
that quadrupling the length of a pendulum doubles its period.

(on the board)

v of Tsunami in ft/s H of Tsunami


6 4
9 9
12 16
15 25
18 36
21 49
24 64

A tsunami is a sea wave produced by an under-water earthquake. The height of a


tsunami as it approaches land depends on the velocity of the tsunami. Use the table
at the left and inductive reasoning to answer each of the following questions.
a. What happens to the height of a tsunami when its velocity is doubled?
b. What should be the height of a tsunami if its velocity is 30 feet per second?

////DO THE CIRCLES AS AN ACTIVITY

COUNTEREXAMPLE
A statement is a true statement provided that it is true in all cases. If you can
find one case for which a statement is not true, called a counterexample, then the
statement is a false statement. In Example 4 we verify that each statement is a
false statement by finding a counterexample for each.

IV
Find a Counterexample
Verify that each of the following statements is a false statement by finding a
counter- example.
For all numbers x
a. |x|>0
b. x²>x#
c. √x²=x

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