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Macromolecules-Diamond, Graphite, Silicon Dioxide

The document discusses the structures of diamond, graphite, and silicon dioxide. Diamond and graphite both have giant covalent structures composed of carbon atoms, but they differ in their arrangements. Diamond has tetrahedral carbon atoms while graphite has layered carbon atoms. Silicon dioxide also has a giant covalent structure and is most commonly known as quartz.

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79 views7 pages

Macromolecules-Diamond, Graphite, Silicon Dioxide

The document discusses the structures of diamond, graphite, and silicon dioxide. Diamond and graphite both have giant covalent structures composed of carbon atoms, but they differ in their arrangements. Diamond has tetrahedral carbon atoms while graphite has layered carbon atoms. Silicon dioxide also has a giant covalent structure and is most commonly known as quartz.

Uploaded by

hetanshvasoya.tges
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GIANT COVALENT

STRUCTURES
MACROMOLECULES
Structure of Diamond

● Diamond has a giant covalent structure.


● Each carbon atom is joined to four other carbon atoms by
covalent bonds.
● Carbon atoms have a lattice arrangement.
● There are no free electrons in it as four electrons of each
carbon atom are used up in covalent bonding.
● Carbon atoms in diamond have a tetrahedral
(pyramid-shaped) arrangement
Structure of Graphite

❖ Graphite has a giant covalent structure.


❖ Each carbon atom is joined to three other carbon atoms by
covalent bonds.
❖ Carbon atoms form a layered structure with a hexagonal
arrangement.
❖ The layers in graphite can slide over each other because the
forces between them are weak.
❖ Each carbon atom has one non-bonded electron, which is free
to move through the structure (delocalised), so graphite
can conduct electricity.
Property Diamond Graphite

Appearance Transparent Black and shiny

Hardness Very much hard Soft, slippery to touch

Electrical conductivity Doesn’t conduct electricity


Good conductor of
electricity

Uses of Diamond Uses of Graphite


In tools for drilling and cutting In lubricants for machines
In jewellery As an electrode
In surgical instrument of eye In manufacturing of pencils
surgery
Silicon(IV)oxide (Silica/Quartz)
❑ Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is a giant covalent structure.
❑ It is also known as silica, a natural compound made of two of
the earth’s most abundant materials:
silicon (Si) and oxygen (O2).
❑ Silicon dioxide is most often recognized in the form of quartz.
❑ The earth’s crust is 59 percent silica.

When you sit on a beach, it’s silicon dioxide in the form


of sand.

Uses :
• It is used in sandpaper to scratch things.
• It is used for making glass and lenses.
• In bricks for lining furnaces
Structure of diamond and Graphite

● https://video.link/w/PzoTc

Diamond & Silicon dioxide :

● https://video.link/w/KQ1Tc

3D structures of Diamond, Graphite & Silicon dioxide :

https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/diamond-molecule-structure-f4e8761bf
64f488095ee57f2cb5698c4

https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/graphite-5b3e3a874ca846e0b0c022340
2521e1f

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