Basic Mathematics (NCIT 113) -UICT Onyait Justine Edmond +256775263103

Basic Mathematics (NCIT 113) -UICT Onyait Justine Edmond +256775263103

Basic Mathematics (NCIT 113) -UICT Onyait Justine Edmond +256775263103
Basic Mathematics (NCIT 113) -UICT Onyait Justine Edmond +256775263103
Basic Mathematics (NCIT 113) -UICT Onyait Justine Edmond +256775263103
Basic Mathematics (NCIT 113) -UICT Onyait Justine Edmond +256775263103
Basic Mathematics (NCIT 113) -UICT Onyait Justine Edmond +256775263103
 Basic Mathematics (NCIT 113) -UICT Onyait Justine Edmond +256775263103

SURDS
Surds are numbers left in square root form.

Rules in surds:
2
(i) 𝑎√𝑏 + 𝑐√𝑏 = (𝑎 + 𝑐)√𝑏 (v) (√𝑎) = √𝑎 × √𝑎 = √𝑎 × 𝑎 = 𝑎
(ii) 𝑎√𝑏 − 𝑐√𝑏 = (𝑎 − 𝑐)√𝑏 (vi) √𝑎2 𝑏 = 𝑎√𝑏
(iii) √𝑎 × √𝑏 = √𝑎𝑏 𝑎 √𝑎
(vii) √𝑏 =
(iv) 𝑎√𝑏 × 𝑐√𝑑 = 𝑎𝑐√𝑏𝑑 √𝑏

Examples:
1. Without using a calculator simplify:
(i) √18 (iii) √90 (v) √98
(ii) √48 (iv) √108 (vi) √300
Solution
(i) √18 = √2𝑥9 = √2𝑥√9 = 3√2 (iv) √108 = √3𝑥36 = √3𝑥√36 = 6√3
(ii) √48 = √3𝑥16 = √3𝑥√16 = 4√3 (v) √98 = √2𝑥49 = √2𝑥√49 = 7√2
(iii) √90 = √9𝑥10 = √9𝑥√10 = 3√10 (vi) √300 = √3𝑥100 = √3𝑥√100 = 10√3
2. Without using a calculator simplify:
(i) √3 + √3 (iv) √80 + √20 − √45
(ii) 7√5 − √5 (v) √28 + √63 − 3√112
(iii) √50 + √32 − √18
Solution
(i) √3 + √3 = 2√3
(ii) 7√5 − √5 = 6√5
(iii) √50 + √32 − √18 = √2𝑥25 + √2𝑥16 − √2𝑥9 = 5√2 + 4√2 − 3√2 = 6√2
(iv) √80 + √20 − √45 = √5𝑥16 + √4𝑥5 − √9𝑥5 = 4√5 + 2√5 − 3√5 = 3√5
(v) √28 + √63 − 3√112 = 3√4𝑥7 + √9𝑥7 − 3√16𝑥7 = 6√7 + 3√7 − 12√7 = −3√7
3. Expand the following and simplify:
(i) 2(5 − √3) (iv) (3 + √3)(2 + √3)
(ii) √2(√6 − √2) (v) (√7 + √3)(√7 − √3)
2
(iii) √5(3√5 + 4√15) (vi) (4√5 + 3√2)
Solution
(i) 2(5 − √3) = 10 − 2√3
(ii) √2(√6 − √2) = √12 − √4 = √4𝑥3 − √4 = 2√3 − 2
(iii) √5(3√5 + 4√15) = 3√25 + 4√75 = 3𝑥5 + 4√3𝑥25 = 15 + 20√3
(iv) (3 + √3)(2 + √3) = 3(2 + √3) + √3(2 + √3) = 6 + 3√3 + 2√3 + √9 = 6 + 5√3 + 3
= 9 + 5√3
(v) (√7 + √3)(√7 − √3) = √7(√7 − √3) + √3(√7 − √3) = 7 − √21 + √21 − 3 = 4
2
(vi) (4√5 − 3√2) = (4√5 − 3√2)(4√5 − 3√2) = 4√5(4√5 − 3√2) − 3√2(4√5 − 3√2)
= 16 × 5 − 12√10 − 12√10 + 9 × 2 = 98 − 24√10
4. If (2√7 + 3√2)(4√7 − 5√2) = (𝑎 + 𝑏√𝑐) find the values of a, b and c.
Solution
(2√7 + 3√2)(4√7 − 5√2) = 2√7(4√7 − 5√2) + 3√2(4√7 − 5√2)
= 8 × 7 − 10√14 + 12√14 − 15 × 2 = 26 + 2√14
 Basic Mathematics (NCIT 113) -UICT Onyait Justine Edmond +256775263103

𝑎 = 26, 𝑏 = 2, 𝑐 = 14
5. Express (2√5 + √2)(√5 + 3√2) in the form (𝑎 + 𝑏√𝑐) hence state the values of a, b and c.
Solution
(2√5 + √2)(√5 + 3√2) = 2√5(√5 + 3√2) + √2(√5 + 3√2)
= 2 × 5 + 6√10 + √10 + 3 × 2 = 16 + 7√10
𝑎 = 16, 𝑏 = 7, 𝑐 = 10

Rationalizing the denominator

This is the process of eliminating surds from the denominator
Note
𝑎
❖ To rationalize multiply top(numerator) and bottom(denominator) by √𝑏
√𝑏
❖ The conjugate surd of 𝑎 + √𝑏 is 𝑎 − √𝑏 and vice versa
𝑐
❖ To rationalize 𝑎+ 𝑏 multiply top and bottom by the conjugate of the denominator.
√

Examples
1. Express the following with a rational denominator:
14 1 12
(i) 7
(ii) (iii)
√ √3 √18
Solution
14×√7 14×√7
(i) = = 7 = 2√7
√7×√7
1 √3 √3
(ii) = 3× 3 = 3
√3 √ √
12×√18 12×√18 12×3√2
(iii) = 18 = 18 = 2√3
√18×√18
2. Rationalize the denominators of the following
2 3√2+√3
(i) 5+ 3 (iii)
√ √ 4√3− √2
2√3 √63+√28
(ii) (iv)
√5+ √2 √175− √63
Solution
2 2 (√5− √3) (2√5− 2√3) (2√5− 2√3) (2√5− 2√3)
(i) = x = = =
√5+ √3 √5+ √3 (√5− √3) √5(√5− √3)+√3(√5− √3) √25− √15+√15− √9 5− 3
(2√5 − 2√3)
= √5 − √3 =
2
2√3 2√3 (√5− √2) (2√3x√5− 2√3x√2) (2√15− 2√6) (2√15− 2√6)
(ii) 5+ 2
= 5+ 2 x 2)
= 5( 5− 2)+ 2( 5− 2) = 25− 10+ 10− =
√ √ √ √ (√5− √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √4 5− 2
(2√15 − 2√6) 2
=
= (√15 − √6)
3 3
3√2+√3 3√2+√3 4√3+√2 3√2(4√3+√2)+√3(4√3+√2) 12√6+ 3√4+4√9+ √6
(iii) 4 3− 2
= 4 3− 2 x 4 3+ 2 = 4 3(4 3+ 2)− 2(4 3+ 2) = 16 9+4 6−4 6− 4
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
13√6 + 6 + 12 (13√6 + 18)
= =
48 − 2 46
√63+√28 √63+√28 √175+ √63 √63(√175+ √63)+√28(√175+ √63) √11025+ √3969+√4900+ √1764
(iv) = x = =
√175− √63 √175− √63 √175+ √63 √175(√175+ √63)−√63(√175+ √63) 175+ √6300−√6300− 63
105 + 63 + 70 + 42 280
= = = 2.5
112 112
 Basic Mathematics (NCIT 113) -UICT Onyait Justine Edmond +256775263103

√2
3. If = a + √b, find the values of a and b
√3+ √2
Solution

√2 √2 (√3 − √2) √6 − √4 √6 − 2
= x = =
√3 + √2 √3 + √2 (√3 − √2) √3(√3 − √2) + √2(√3 − √2) √9 − √6 + √6 − √4
√6 − 2
= = −2 + √6
3− 2
a = −2, b = 6
√4+√3
4. If = a + b√c, find the values of a, b and c
√4− √3
solution

√4 + √3 √4 + √3 √4 + √3 √4(√4 + √3) + √3(√4 + √3)

= x =
√4 − √3 √4 − √3 √4 + √3 √4(√4 + √3) − √3(√4 + √3)

√16 + √ 12 + √12 + √9 4 + 2√12 + 3

= = = 7 + 2(√4x√3) = 7 + 4√3
√16 + √12 − √12 − √9 4−3

a = 7, b = 4, c = 3

5. Simplify the following

3 1 √3 √3
(a) 5− 2 + (b) − 1− 3
√ √5 1+ √3 √
Solution
3 1 3√5+√5− 2 4√5− 2 4√5− 2 4√5− 2 5+2√5 4√5(5+2√5)−2(5+2√5)
(a) + 5 = = = = x = 5(5+2
√5− 2 √ √5(√5− 2) √25−2√5 5−2√5 5−2√5 5+2√5 √5)−2√5(5+2√5)
20√5 + 8√25 − 10 − 4√5 16√5 + 40 − 10 30 + 16√5
= = =
25 + 10√5 − 10√5 − 4√25 25 − 20 5

√3 √3 √3 (1− √3)−√3(1+ √3) √3− √9−√3−√9 −3−3 −6

(b) − = = = = =3
1+ √3 1− √3 (1+ √3)(1− √3) 1− √3+√3−√9 1−3 −2
 Basic Mathematics (NCIT 113) -UICT Onyait Justine Edmond +256775263103

Exercise

1. Express (2√3 − √2)(4√3 + 5√2) in the form 𝑎 + b√c

2. Without using tables or a calculator, find the area of a triangle whose base is (5√3 − 3√5)𝑐𝑚 and
height (5√3 + 3√5)𝑐𝑚
3. A rectangle of length (𝑥√5 + y√2)𝑐𝑚 and width (√5 + 4√2)𝑐𝑚 has an area of (11 + 25√10)𝑐𝑚2
Without using tables or a calculator, find the values of x and y.
1
4. Simplify in the form a + √b. An(4 + √15)
4− √15
5
5. Rationalize the denominator An(√7 + √2)
√7− √2
2−√3
6. Express 2+ in the form a + b√c. Hence find the values of a,b and cAn(a = 7, b = −4, c = 3)
√3
8
7. Express in the form a + b√3. Hence find the value of a and b. An(a = 8, b = 4,)
4−2 √3
√6
8. Given that 2− 3 = h√6 + k√2. Hence find the values of h and k. An(h = 2, k = 3)
√
9. Simplify the following
2 2 21 21
(a) 3− 7 − 3+ (c) − 7+ 2
√ √7 √7− √2 √ √
√3 √5 1 1
(b) − 3+ 5 (d) 6+ 3 + 6− 3
√5− √3 √ √ √ √ √ √
42√2 2√6
An((𝐚) = 𝟐√7, (b) = √15 − 1, (C) = 5 , (d) = 3 )
2√2+3√3 −35 −12
10. If 2√2− 3√3
= (a + b√c), find the values of a, b and c An(a = 19 , b = 19
c = 6)

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FUNCTIONS, RELATIONS AND MAPPINGS.

RELATIONS AND MAPPINGS
A relation is a statement that links the domain(first element) and the range (second element)

Arrow diagram
1. A mapping is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 2 . Determine the range of the mapping whose domain is {-1, 0, 1, 2}
Solution
Domain x 3x-2 Range
-1 -5
0 -2
1 1
2 4

2. A mapping is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3 . Determine the range of the mapping whose domain is {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
Solution
Domain x x2+3 Range
1 4
3 12
5 28
7 52
9 84

3. A mapping is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 1 . Determine the domain of the mapping whose range is {7, 15, 31, 47}
Solution
Domain Range
x 4x-1
a 7
b 15
c 31
d 47

𝑓(𝑥) = 4𝑥 − 1 31 = 4𝑐 − 1
7 = 4𝑎 − 1 𝑐=8
𝑎=2 47 = 4𝑑 − 1
15 = 4𝑏 − 1 𝑑 = 12
𝑏=4
Domain Range
x 4x-1
2 7
4 15
8 31
12 47

FUNCTIONS
A function is a relation in which each member of the domain(first element) is mapped to one
and only one member of the range (second element).

Examples
1. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 , find the value of:
(i) 𝑓(3). (ii) x when 𝑓(𝑥) = 15
Solution
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 (ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 15
𝑓(3) = 2𝑥3 + 3 = 9 2𝑥 + 3 = 15

87
 Basic Mathematics (NCIT 113) -UICT Onyait Justine Edmond +256775263103

𝑥=6
2. Given that 𝑔(𝑥) = 8𝑥 2 + 5 . Find:
(i) 𝑔(−3) (ii) 𝑔(2)
(iii) Values of x for which 𝑔(𝑥) = 293
solution
(i) 𝑔(𝑥) = 8𝑥 2 + 5 8𝑥 2 + 5 = 293
𝑔(−3) = 8(−3)2 + 5 = 77 8𝑥 2 = 288
2
(ii) 𝑔(𝑥) = 8𝑥 + 5 𝑥 2 = 36
2 𝒙 = ±𝟔
𝑔(2) = 8(2) + 5 = 37
(iii) 𝑔(𝑥) = 293
3. Given that ℎ(𝑦) = 𝑛𝑦 + 7 and h(5) = 22 , find the value of n and h( 4) .
Solution
ℎ(𝑦) = 𝑛𝑦 + 7 𝑛=3
22 = 5𝑛 + 7 ℎ(𝑦) = 3𝑦 + 7
15 = 5𝑛 ℎ(4) = 3𝑥4 + 7 = 19
2
4. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑝𝑥 + 𝑞, 𝑓(−2) = 3 and 𝑓(1) = −3, find the values of p and q .
Solution
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞 𝑝 + 𝑞 = −3 … … … … . . (𝑖𝑖)
𝑓(−2) = 3: (𝑖) − (𝑖𝑖): 3𝑝 = 6
𝑝(−2)2 + 𝑞 = 3 𝑝=2
4𝑝 + 𝑞 = 3 … … … … … . . (𝑖) 𝑝 + 𝑞 = −3
𝑓(1) = −3: 2 + 𝑞 = −3
2 𝑞 = −5
𝑝(1) + 𝑞 = −3
5. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 , find the value of:
(i) 𝑓(−1). (ii) x when 𝑓(𝑥) = 6
solution
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 𝑥(𝑥 − 4) + 1(𝑥 − 4) = 0
𝑓(−1) = (−1)2 − 3(−1) + 1 = 5 (𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
(ii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 Either(𝑥 − 4) = 0
2 𝑥=4
𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 1 = 5
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 4 = 0 Or + 1) = 0
(𝑥
2 𝑥 = −1
𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 𝑥 − 4 = 0

MEANINGLESS/ UNDEFINED/ INFINITE FUNCTIONS

This is fractional function in which the denominator is equal to zero

Examples
5
1. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−1, find
(i) 𝑓(3).
(ii) Value of x for which 𝑓(𝑥) is undefined
Solution
5 (ii) 𝑥−1=0
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−1
𝑥=1
5
𝑓(3) = = 2.5
3−1
3
2. Given that ℎ(𝑥) = 1−𝑥2 , find the value of x for which
(i) ℎ(𝑥) = 4. (ii) ℎ(𝑥) is undefined

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Solution
3
(a) ℎ(𝑥) = 1−𝑥 2 𝑥 2 = 0.25
3 𝑥 = ±0.5
4= (b) 1 − 𝑥2 = 0
1 − 𝑥2
4 − 4𝑥 2 = 3 𝑥2 = 1
−4𝑥 2 = −1 𝑥 = ±1
𝑥−2
3. Given that 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −2𝑥−3, find the value of x for which
(i) 𝑔(𝑥) = 0. (ii) 𝑔(𝑥) is undefined
Solution
𝑥−2
(i) 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 −2𝑥−3 (ii) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
𝑥−2 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 𝑥 − 3 = 0
0= (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1) = 0
𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3
𝑥−2=0 Either 𝑥 = 3 Or 𝑥 = −1
𝑥=2

Inverse of a function
Given a function 𝑓(𝑥), its inverse is denoted by 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)

Steps
(i) Let 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
(ii) Make x the subject
(iii) Replace the x with 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) and y with x
Examples
1. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 − 1, find:
(i) 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) (ii) 𝑓 −1 (2)
Solution
(i) 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1 𝑥+1
𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
3𝑥 − 1 = 𝑦 3
𝑥+1
3𝑥 = 𝑦 + 1 (ii) 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) =
3
2+1
𝑦+1 𝑓 −1 (2) = =1
𝑥= 3
3
3−2𝑥
2. Given that 𝑔(𝑥) = 5 , determine the values of;
(i) 𝑔(−1) (ii) 𝑔−1 (𝑥) (iii) 𝑔−1 (1)
Solution
3−2𝑥 5𝑦 − 3
(i) 𝑔(𝑥) = 5 𝑥=
3 − 2(−1) −2
𝑔(−1) = =1 3−5𝑥
5 𝑔−1 (𝑥) = 2
3−2𝑥 3−5𝑥
(ii) 𝑔(𝑥) = (iii) 𝑔−1 (𝑥) =
5 2
3 − 2𝑥 𝑔−1 (1) =
3−5𝑥1
= −1
=𝑦 2
5
3 − 2𝑥 = 5𝑦
3. Given that f ( x ) = ax + b , f (4 ) = 4 and f (− 1) = −6 , find
(i) the values of a and b. (ii) 𝑓 −1 (2)
Solution
(i) 𝒇(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑓(4) = 4:

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4𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4 … … … . (𝑖) (i) 𝒇(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 4

𝑓(−1) = −6: 2𝑥 − 4 = 𝑦
−𝑎 + 𝑏 = −6 … … … . (𝑖𝑖) 𝑦+4
𝑥=
(𝑖) − (𝑖𝑖): 5𝑎 = 10 2
𝑎=2 −1
𝑥+4
𝑓 (𝑥) =
−𝑎 + 𝑏 = −6 2
−2 + 𝑏 = −6 2 + 4
𝑓 −1 (2) = =3
𝑏 = −4 2
2𝑥+5
4. The inverse function of a function f ( x ) is defined by 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = , find;
3
1 (ii) f (− 3)
(i) 𝑓 −1 (2)
Solution
−1 (𝑥) 2𝑥+5 2𝑥 + 5 = 3𝑦
(i) 𝑓 =
3
1 2𝑥 = 3𝑦 − 5
1 2 (2) + 5 1 + 5 3𝑦 − 5
−1
𝑓 ( )= = =2 𝑥=
2 3 3 2
2𝑥+5 3𝑥 − 5
(ii) 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) =
3
2𝑥 + 5 2
=𝑦 3(−3) − 5
3 𝑓(−3) = = −7
2

Composite functions
A composite function is a function, which combines two or more functions.
The function 𝑓1 𝑓2 (𝑥) is known as a composite function, where 𝑓1 (𝑥) and 𝑓2 (𝑥) are functions.
The result of 𝑓1 𝑓2 (𝑥) is the image of 𝑥 under 𝑓2 (𝑥) first followed by 𝑓1 (𝑥) .

Examples
1. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and g ( x ) = ( x − 1) , determine fg ( x ) . Hence evaluate fg (− 1) .
Solution
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 1
2 2
𝑓𝑔(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1) = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 + 1
𝑓𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1
𝑓𝑔(−1) = (−1)2 − 2(−1) + 1 = 4
2. If g ( x ) = 2 x and f ( x ) = ( x + 3) , find g f (x ) and hence evaluate g f (2) .
Solution
𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 3
𝑔𝑓(𝑥) = 2(𝑥 + 3) = 2𝑥 + 6
𝑔𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 6
𝑔𝑓(2) = 2𝑥2 + 6 = 10
3. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 and g ( x ) = (3 − x ) , determine an expression for g f (x ) . Hence
evaluate g f (− 2 ) .
Solution
𝑔(𝑥) = 3 − 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2𝑥 2
2) 2
𝑔𝑓(𝑥) = 3 − (𝑥 − 2𝑥 = 3 − 𝑥 + 2𝑥
𝑔𝑓(𝑥) = 3 − 𝑥 + 2𝑥 2
𝑔𝑓(−2) = 3 − (−2) + 2(−2)2 = 13

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𝑥2
4. The functions f ( x ) and g ( x ) are defined as f ( x ) = x + 2 and 𝑔(𝑥) = , find the values of x
4
for which fg (x ) = 3 .
Solution
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 , 𝑔(𝑥) =
𝑥2 𝑥2
4 =1
4
𝑥2 𝑥2 = 4
𝑓𝑔(𝑥) = +2
4 𝑥 = ±√4
2
𝑥 𝑥 = ±2
+2=3
4
𝑥+3 1−2𝑥
5. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = and 𝑔(𝑥) = , determine the values of x for which
2 5
fg ( x ) + gf ( x ) = 0 .
Solution
𝑥+3 1−2𝑥 1 − (𝑥 + 3) 1 − 𝑥 − 3
𝑓(𝑥) = 2 𝑔(𝑥) = 5 𝑔𝑓(𝑥) = =
1 − 2𝑥 5 5
( )+3 𝑓𝑔(𝑥) + 𝑔𝑓(𝑥) = 0
𝑓𝑔(𝑥) = 5
2 1 − 2𝑥 + 15 1 − 𝑥 − 3
1 − 2𝑥 + 15 + =0
( ) 1 − 2𝑥 + 15 10 5
𝑓𝑔(𝑥) = 5 = 1 − 2𝑥 + 15 + 2(1 − 𝑥 − 3) = 0
2 10 1 − 2𝑥 + 15 + 2 − 2𝑥 − 6 = 0
𝑥+3
1 −2( 2 ) −4𝑥 + 12 = 0
𝑔𝑓(𝑥) = −4𝑥 = −12
5
𝑥=3
Exercise
1. If f (x ) = x + 13 and 𝑔(𝑥) = log10 (𝑥 + 2) , find; (Ans: x = −13 , gf (85) = 2 ,)
(i) The value of x when f ( x ) = 0
(ii) gf (85 )
2. The function ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 . If h(− 1) = 3 , find the value of b . (Ans: b = 7 )
2
3. (a)A mapping is defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 3 . Determine the range of the mapping whose
domain is {-3, 0, 1, 2}
(b) Given that h( x ) = 3 x − 5 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 , find hg (− 2) .
(c) If f ( x ) = 2 x + 5 , find the value of 𝑓 −1 (11) .
(Ans: 15, 3, 3, 5 , hg (− 2 ) = 7 , 𝑓 −1 (11) = 3)
4. Given that f ( x ) = 3 x + 5 , and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥−5, find (Ans: 𝑔𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 , 𝑔𝑓 (2) = 1 3 )
2 2 1 1

(i) gf ( x ) . (ii)
1
𝑔𝑓 (2)
5. Given that h( x ) = px + 3 , and that h(4 ) = 23 ,
(a) Find the value of;
(i) p (ii) h(0 ) (iii) h(− 5)
(b) Determine
(i) ℎ−1 (𝑥) (ii) ℎ−1 (13)
𝑥−3
(Ans: p = 5 , h(0 ) = 3 , h(− 5) = −22 ,ℎ−1 (𝑥) =, ℎ−1 (13) = 2 , )
5
6. Given that 𝑔(𝑦) = 9𝑦 2 − 12𝑦 − 4 , find the value of g (− 2) . ) (Ans: 56 )
7. (a) Given that f (x ) = ax + b , f (4) = 4 and f (− 1) = −6 , find the values of a and b .
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b. The function ℎ(𝑥) = 5𝑥+1 . Find:
(i) ℎ−1 (𝑥) (ii) ℎ−1 (2)
(Ans: a = 2 , b = −4 , ℎ (𝑥) = 5𝑥 , ℎ (2) = 2 )
−1 4−𝑥 −1 1

8. (i) Determine the range corresponding to the domain − 3, − 2, 0, 1, 3, 4 for the mapping:
x → x2 +1 .
(ii) Represent the mapping in (i) on an arrow diagram. (Ans: 10, 5, 1, 2, 10, 17 )
9. Given that f ( x ) = 4 x − 3 , find: (Ans: f (2 ) = 5 , 𝑓 −1 (−1) = 2, 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 4 )
1 𝑥+3

(i) f (2 ) (ii) 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) (iii) 𝑓 −1 (−1)

10. Given that 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 1 , and h( x ) = x − 3 , find the value of x for which gh( x ) = hg ( x ) .
(Ans: x = 2 )
11. Given the functions h(x ) = x + 2 , 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 and f (x ) = − x ; find the values of x for which
g h( x ) = f ( x ) . (Ans: x = −1.5 )
𝑥2
12. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 3
+ 5 , find the values of x for which f ( x ) = 17 . (Ans: x = 6 )
x for which f ( x ) = 4 . (Ans: x =  2 )
3 1
13. A function 𝑓(𝑥) = 1−𝑥2 . Find the values of
𝑥+1
14. Find g (3) , given that 𝑔−1 (𝑥) = 𝑥 . (Ans: 𝒈(𝟑) = 𝟎. 𝟓)
15. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 + 4𝑥 and f (3) = 21 , find the value of a and hence find f (− 1) .
2

(Ans: a = 1 , f (− 1) = −3 )
𝑥+5
16. Given that f (x ) = 2 x − 5 ,find f (− 2 ) and 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) . (Ans:, 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 2 ) f (− 2) = −9
17. Given that f ( x ) = 2 x + 4 and g ( x ) = x + 5 , find fg ( x ) . Hence evaluate fg (4 ) .
(Ans: fg (x ) = 2 x + 14 , fg (4) = 22 )
18. Given the functions 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+3
2
and 𝑔(𝑥) =
1−2𝑥
5
, determine the values of x for which
9+24𝑥+8𝑥 2
𝑓𝑔(𝑥) = . (Ans: x = 0.25 or x = −0.35 )
10
19. Given that f ( x ) = ax − 7 and f (8) = 17 , find the value of: (Ans: a = 3, f (4 ) = 5 )
(i) a (ii) f (4 )
1
20. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 (3𝑥 + 5) , find the value of x such that f ( x ) = 10 (Ans: x = 5 )
21. Given that f ( x ) = px − 4 and f (3) = 14 , find: (Ans: p = 6 , f (1) = 2 )
(i) The value of p (ii) f (1)
1
22. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 1−𝑥 :
(i) Find f (2 )
(ii) State the value of x
for which f ( x ) is not defined. (Ans: f (2) = −1 , x = 1)
23. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 , f (1) = 5 and f (2 ) = 14 , find the value of a and b .
(Ans: a = 2 , b = 3 )

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