ALGEBRA

SETS AND OTHER BASIC CONCEPTS Set Builder Notation

Variable – a letter used to represent various second method of
describing a setExample:
numbers or another equation.
𝐸 = {𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 5}
Constant – letter used to represent a particular
value.
Algebraic expression – any combination of “set E is a set of all element x such that x is a natural
numbers, variables, exponents, mathematical numbergreater than 5”
symbols, and operations.

Set – a collection of objects usually enclosed by curly Union and Intersection of Sets
brackets {} and separated by comma. The union of set A and set B, written 𝑨 ∪ 𝑩, is the
set ofelements that belong to either set A or set B.
Example: Set builder notation:
Set No. of elements 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 or 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵}
𝑨 = {𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄} 3 Example:
𝑩 = {𝒚𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘, 𝒈𝒓𝒆𝒆𝒏, 𝒃𝒍𝒖𝒆, 𝒓𝒆𝒅} 4 𝑨 𝑩 𝑨∪𝑩
C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} 5 𝑨 𝐵 𝐴∪𝐵
= {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓} = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7}
∈ – read as ‘is an element of’
Example: 𝑨 𝐵 = {𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧} 𝐴∪𝐵
2∈𝐶 = {𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄, 𝒅, 𝒆} = {𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒, 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧}
“2 is an element of set C”

Finite Sets – Sets that have countable and The intersection of set A and set B, written𝑨 ∩ 𝑩,
enumerableelements is the set of all elements that are common to both set A and
Infinite Sets – sets that have countless and impractically set B.
enumerable elements
Example: Set builder notation:
𝑁 = {1,2,3,4,5, … } 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 and 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵}
𝐼 = {… , −4, −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
…} Example:
𝑨 𝑩 𝑨∪𝑩
Continuous Sets – sets having elements that are not
infinitebut are impractically enumerable 𝑨 𝐵
one by one. 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {3, 4, 5}
= {𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓} = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
Example:
𝐷 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … . , 100} 𝑨
𝐸 = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, … , 100} 𝐵 = {𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧} 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = { }or ∅
= {𝒂, 𝒃, 𝒄, 𝒅, 𝒆}
Null Set – set that contains no
elementExample:
𝐺 = {}
𝑃=∅ Sample Problems:

1. Find the resulting set of {1, 3, 7} ∩ {2, 3, 8}

Inequality symbols: a. {1, 2, 7, 8} c. {1, 2, 3, 7, 8}
Symbol Read as b. ∅ d. {3}
> is greater than
≥ is greater than or equal 2. Find the resulting set of {4, 6, 9} ∪ {6, 8, 11}
< is less than a. {4, 6, 8} c. {4, 6, 6,8, 9, 11}
≤ is less than or equal b. {4, 6, 8, 9, 11} d. {8, 11}
≠ not equal
3. Out of 51 students, 9 are taking Algebra and 13 are
taking Geometry if 2 students are in both classes,
Inequality notation scenarios how many students are in neither class?
Notation Means a. 30 c. 31
a 𝑥>4 x is greater than 4 b. 28 d. 29
b 𝑥≥6 x is greater than or equal to 4
c 𝑥<5 x is less than 4 4. In a survey of University students,106 had taken
d 𝑥≤7 x is less than or equal to 4 Algebra course, 92 had taken Arts course, 89 had
e −5 < 𝑥 < 7 x is greater than -5 taken Chemistry course, 52 had taken Algebra and
and less than 7 Chemistry courses, 54 had taken Algebra and Arts
f −4 < 𝑥 ≤ 6 x is greater than -4 courses, 21 had taken Arts and Chemistry, 19 taken
and less than or equal to 6 all courses. How many taken only one course?
g −3 ≤ 𝑥 < 5 x is greater than or equal to -3 a. 90 c. 87
and less than 5 b. 89 d. 86
h −2 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4 x is greater than or equal to -2
 ALGEBRA
degree of a term with whole number exponents is the
Set of Numbers sum ofthe exponents on the variables.

Real e.g.
ℝ = {𝑥|𝑥 is a point on the number line} Term Degree
Numbers
Natural/ 𝟏𝟖𝒙𝒚𝟓 1+5=6
𝑁 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … }
Counting
Numbers
Whole equation – mathematical statement of equality.
𝑊 = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … }
Numbers
Integers 𝐼 = {… , −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, … } solution of an equation – number(s) that make the
Rational 𝑞 equationa true statement.
𝑄 = { | 𝑝 and 𝑞 are integers, 𝑞 ≠ 0}
Numbers 𝑝
Irrational 𝐻 To Solve Linear Equations
Numbers = {𝑥|𝑥 𝑖𝑠 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙} 1. Clear fractions.
2. Simplify each side separately.
Real
Numbers 3. Isolate the variable term on one side.
4. Solve for the variable.
5. Check.
Rational Irrational
Numbers Numbers
conditional equation – an equation that is true only for
specific values of the variable.
Non-
Integers
integers contradiction – an equation that has no solution
(solutionset is ∅).
Positive Negative
Zero identity – an equation that has an infinite
Integers Integers
number ofsolutions (solution set is
ℝ).

EXPONENTS mathematical model is a real-life application expressed

mathematically.
The number that gives the power to which a base is
raised.Number of times a base number to multiply to formula is an equation that is a mathematical model
itself. for areal-life situation.
𝑏𝑛 = 𝑏 ∙ 𝑏 ∙ 𝑏 ∙ 𝑏 ∙ … ∙ b

Rules Formula 7. Solve the value of x

3𝑥 𝑥−4 𝑥+3
Product Rule 𝑎𝑚 ∙ 𝑎 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑚+𝑛 − − = −
Quotient Rule 𝑎𝑚 5 3 4
= 𝑎𝑚−𝑛 a. -35 c. 30
𝑎𝑛 b. 29 d. 35
Zero Exponent Rule 𝑎0 = 1
Negative Exponent Rule 1
𝑎−𝑚 = 𝑚
𝑎 SOLVING LINEAR INEQUALITIES
Power Rule (𝑎𝑚) 𝑛 = 𝑎 𝑚𝑛
Product-Power Rule (𝑎𝑏) 𝑚 = 𝑎 𝑚 𝑏 𝑚 Properties Used to Solve Linear Inequalities
Quotient-Power Rule 𝑎 𝑚 Addition/Subtraction at both sides:
𝑎𝑏𝑚 ( ) =𝑏𝑚 • If 𝑎 > 𝑏, then 𝑎 + 𝑐 > 𝑏 + 𝑐
• If 𝑎 > 𝑏, then 𝑎 − 𝑐 > 𝑏 − 𝑐
5. Simplfy Multiplying/Dividing with positive integer at both sides:
3
−15𝑥4 𝑦 2 • If 𝑎 > 𝑏, and 𝑐 > 0, then 𝑎𝑐 > 𝑏𝑐
( ) • If 𝑎 > 𝑏, and 𝑐 > 0, then a/c > c/c
5𝑥10𝑦−3
a. -27y15 / x18 c. - 3y15 / x18
b. 20y15 / x18 d. - 27y15x18 compound inequality – formed by joining two
inequalitieswith the word and or or.
e.g.
6. Simplify (−5𝑎4𝑏)(−6𝑎7𝑏11)
𝑥 ≤ 7 and 𝑥 > 5
a. -30a3b10 c. 30a28b11
b. 30a11b12 d. -3ab12
𝑥 < −1 or 𝑥 ≥ 4

SOLVING LINEAR EQUATIONS

terms – parts being added in an algebraic expression.
coefficient – the numerical part of a term that precedes
the variable.
e.g.
Term Coefficient
𝟏𝟔𝒙 𝒚𝟓 16
To Solve Equations of the Form |𝒙| = 𝒂
ALGEBRA 12. Solve for x
If |𝑥| = 𝑎 and 𝑎 > 0, then 𝑥 = 𝑎 or 𝑥 = −𝑎 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 1
e.g. 3𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = 5
Solve |𝑥| = 6: 4𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 3𝑧 = 4
|𝑥| = 6 a. 0 c. 2
𝑥 = 6 or 𝑥 = − 6 b. 1 d. 3

To Solve Inequalities of the Form |𝒙| < 𝒂 OPERATIONS IN POLYNOMIALS

If |𝑥| < 𝑎 and 𝑎 > 0, then −𝑎 < 𝑥 < 𝑎
e.g. polynomial – finite sum of terms in which all variables
Solve |4𝑥 + 1| < 13 havewhole number exponents and no
variable appears in the denominator.
4𝑥 + 1 < 13 ; 4𝑥 + 1 > −13
Similarly: monomial – a polynomial with one
−13 < 4𝑥 + 1 < 13
7/2 < 𝑥 < 3 term. binomial – a polynomial with

8. Solve for x; 2𝑥 + 1 > 6 two terms. trinomial – a polynomial

a. 𝒙 > 𝟓/𝟐 c. 𝑥>5
b. 𝑥 < 3/2 d. 𝑥 < 6/2 with three terms.

degree of a term – the sum of the exponents of the

9. Solve for x; (4x+3)/3 > −5 variables.
• polynomial is linear if it is degree 0 or 1.
a. 𝒙 > −𝟗/𝟐 c. 𝑥 < −9/2 • polynomial in one variable is quadratic if
b. 𝑥 < 9/2 d. 𝑥 > −2/9 it isdegree 2.
• polynomial in one variable is cubic if it is degree
10. Find the solution for |4 − 2𝑥| = 5 3.
a. 1/2 & -9/2 c. -1/2 & 9/2
b. -2 & 2/9 d. -1/9 & 9 The leading term of a polynomial is the term of highest
degree.
SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS
system of linear equations is a system having two or The leading coefficient – the coefficient of the leading
more linear equations. term.

13. Degree of the polynomial

solution to a system of linear equations is the
3𝑥2 − 5𝑥 + 4
ordered pair or pairs that satisfy all equations in the a. 2 degree
nd c. 4th degree
system. b. 3 degree
rd d. 5th degree

consistent system of equations is a system of . Perform the indicated operation

equations that has at least one solution. There is one (−6𝑥3 + 5𝑥2 − 8𝑥 + 9) + (17𝑥3 + 2𝑥2 − 4𝑥 − 13)
point of intersection on the plot line of the equations 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟑 + 𝟕𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐𝒙 11𝑥3 + 6𝑥2 − 13𝑥
a. c.
−𝟒 −1
inconsistent system of equations is a system of 11𝑥3 + 4𝑥2 − 15𝑥 11𝑥3 + 5𝑥2 − 14𝑥
b. − 3 d. − 2
equations that has no solution. There is no one point
Multiplication of Polynomials
of intersection on the plot line of the equations.
To multiply two binomials, use the FOIL method:
multiplythe First terms, Outer terms, Inner terms,
dependent system of equations is a system of Last terms.
equations that has an infinite number of solutions. e.g. (3𝑥 − 1)(4𝑥 + 9)

Methods of Solving Systems of Linear Equation

1. Graphing Method = 12𝑥2 + 27𝑥 − 4𝑥 − 9
2. Substitution Method = 12𝑥2 + 23𝑥 − 9
3. Elimination Method To multiply a polynomial by a polynomial, you can use
4. Matrix Method Sample Problems: thevertical format.
e.g. Multiply (2𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 8)(5𝑥 + 1)
11. Solve for x 2𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 8
𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 1 5𝑥 + 1
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 13 2𝑥2 − 𝑥 + 8
a. 1 c. 3 10𝑥3 − 5𝑥2 + 40𝑥
b. 2 d. 4 10𝑥3 − 3𝑥2 + 39𝑥 + 8
 ALGEBRA
14. What is the third term of the product of (8𝑥3 + 17. What is the coefficient of the 5th term of the
3) and (𝑥2 − 5) expansion of (𝑥2𝑦2 − 5𝑧)10
a. −40𝑥3 c. 8𝑥 5 a. 131250 c. 75000
b. 𝟑𝒙 𝟐 d. −15 b. 157500 d. 131250

15. Determine the sum of the coefficient of the

product of (2𝑥 − 3)and (𝑥2 − 3𝑥 + 5) 18. What are the variables in the 7th term of the
a. 3 c. -3 expansion of (9𝑥5 + 7𝑦3)11
b. 45 d. -45 a. 𝑥30𝑦15 c. 𝑥19𝑦24
22
b. 𝑥 𝑦 21 d. 𝒙𝟐𝟓𝒚𝟏𝟖

Square of a Binomial
(𝑎 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 19. What is the sum of all the coefficients of the
(𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 − 2𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏2 expansion?
Product of the Sum and Difference of the Same Two Terms (𝑥2𝑦2 − 7𝑦)5
(𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 − 𝑏) = 𝑎2 − 𝑏2 a. 456 c. 9031
Cube of a Binomial b. -2974 d. -7776
(𝑥 + 𝑦)3 = 𝑥3 + 3𝑥2𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦2 + 𝑦3
(𝑥 − 𝑦)3 = 𝑥3 − 3𝑥2𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑦2 − 𝑦3
Square Trinomial 20. What is the sum of all the exponents of the
(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧)2 = 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑧 + 2𝑦𝑧 expansion?
(8𝑥 − 7𝑦)9
a. 45 c. 90
Division of Polynomials b. 36 d. 81
• To divide a polynomial by a monomial, divide
each termof the polynomial by the monomial. Remainder Theorem
• To divide a polynomial by a binomial of the The remainder theorem states that when a polynomial
form 𝒙 − 𝒂,use synthetic division. p(x) is divided by a linear polynomial (x - a), then the
remainder is equal to p(a).

16. Simplify 21. What is the remainder when you divided 3x3 + x2 +
𝑥2 − 12𝑥 + 36 2x + 5 by x + 1.
4𝑥 − 24 a. 0 c. 1
a. 𝑥−6 c. 𝑥−4 b. 3 d. 5

b. 𝑥−4 d. 𝑥−6
6 4 A quadratic equation is a second-degree Polynomial
equation in one variable.
Pascal’s Triangle
Binomial Pascal’s triangle Standard Form of a Quadratic Equation
(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟎 1 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, 𝑎≠0
(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟏 1 1 where a, b, and c are real numbers.
(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟐 1 2 1 Solution:
(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟑 1 3 3 1 𝑥 = −𝑏 ± √(𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐)
(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟒 1 4 6 4 1 2𝑎
(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟓 1 5 10 10 5 1 Let x1 and x2 be the roots of a quadratic equation of a
(𝒂 + 𝒃)𝟔 form of:
1 6 15 20 15 6 1
𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0

The rth term of the binomial expansion of (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑛 may Sum of Roots = -b/a
becalculated using the formula: Product of Roots = c/a

𝑟𝑡ℎ = 𝑛 𝐶𝑟−1 𝑥𝑛−𝑟+1𝑦𝑟−1 RADICAL EXPRESSIONS

A radical expression has the form 𝑛√𝑥, where n is
Sum of the coefficients of the expansion of (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦)𝑛 the index and x is the radicand.
𝑠𝑢𝑚 = (𝑎 + 𝑏) 𝑛
The square root of a number a, written √𝑎, is the number b
Sum of Exponents of the expansion of (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑛 such that 𝑏2 = 𝑎.
𝑠𝑢𝑚 = 𝑛(𝑛 + 1) √𝑎 = 𝑏 → 𝑏2 = 𝑎
The cube root of a number a, written 3√𝑎, is the number b
such that 𝑏3 = 𝑎.
3√𝑎 = 𝑏 → 𝑏3 = 𝑎
Operations with Radicals
ALGEBRA 28. Solve for the quotient of the complex number
Rules Formula 7 − 3𝑖
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
Product Rule √𝑎𝑏 = √𝑎 ∙ √𝑏 2𝑖
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 a. 3−7𝑖 c. 3 +7 𝑖
√𝑎 ∙ √𝑏 = √𝑎𝑏 2
𝑛 2
Quotient Rule 𝑛 𝑎 √𝑎 𝟑 + 𝟕𝒊
√ = 𝑛 b. −3 + 7𝑖 d. −
𝑏 √𝑏 2 𝟐
𝑛
√𝑎 𝑛 𝑎
= √ 29. Solve for the quotient of the complex number
𝑛
√𝑏 𝑏
13
22. Solve 3√54 − 2√24 − √96 + 4√63 −3 − 4𝑖
39 52 39 52
a. −12√7 − √6 c. −12√7 + √6 + 𝑖 − − 𝑖
a. 25 25 c. 25 25
b. 12√7 − √6 d. 𝟏𝟐√𝟕 + √𝟔
3 3
39 52 𝟑𝟗 𝟓𝟐
23. Solve √54𝑥𝑦 3 − 𝑦 √128𝑥 b. − 𝑖 d. − + 𝒊
3 3 25 25 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓
a. − √2𝑥 c. 𝑦 √2𝑥
3 𝟑
b. 𝑦 √−2𝑥 d. −𝒚 √𝟐𝒙 Rectangular Form
𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖
24. Solve for x. Trigonometric Form / Polar Form
4 = √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 + √𝑥 + ⋯ 𝑟∠𝜃
a. 16 c. 14 𝑟 = √𝑥2 + 𝑦2
b. 10 d. 12 tan 𝜃 = y/𝑥

COMPLEX NUMBERS 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 + 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝑖 = 𝑟(cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 sin 𝜃) = 𝑟 𝑐𝑖𝑠 𝜃

Every number of the form:
𝑎 + 𝑏𝑖 De Moivre’s Theorem
Where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are real numbers and 𝑖 is the (𝑟∠𝜃)𝑛 = 𝑟𝑛∠𝑛𝜃
imaginary unit is complex number
Multiplication in Polar Form
Definition of 𝑖 𝑟1∠𝜃1 ∙ 𝑟2∠𝜃2 = 𝑟1𝑟2∠(𝜃1 + 𝜃2)
𝑖 = √−1 Division inf Polar Form
𝑟1 ∠𝜃 ÷ 𝑟2 ∠𝜃 = r1/r2 ∠(𝜃1 – 𝜃2 )
Powers of 𝑖
Equals to Radical form
Exponential Form:
𝒊 𝑖 √−1 𝑥 + 𝑦𝑖 = 𝑟 𝑒𝑖𝜃 (𝜃 in rad)
𝒊𝟐 −1
𝒊𝟑 −𝑖 −√−1 30. Convert to polar form 3 + 4𝑖
𝒊𝟒 1 a. −5∠53.13° c. 5∠36.87°
𝒊𝟓 𝑖 √−1 b. 𝟓∠𝟓𝟑. 𝟏𝟑° d. −5∠36.87°

31. convert to polar form 21𝑒0.135𝑖

25. Solve the complex number
a. 𝟐𝟏∠𝟕. 𝟕𝟑𝟓° c. −21∠ − 7.735°
(3 − √−72 ) + (6 + √−8) b. 21∠ − 7.735° d. −21∠7.735°
a. −9 − 8𝑖√2 c. −9 + 4𝑖√2
b. 9 + 8𝑖√2 d. 𝟗 − 𝟒𝒊√𝟐 32. Convert to exponential form 5 + 3𝑖
a. 5.83𝑒−0.5404𝑖 c. −5.83𝑒0.5404𝑖
26. Solve for the complex number b. 𝟓. 𝟖𝟑𝒆 𝟎.𝟓𝟒𝟎𝟒𝒊 d. −5.83𝑒−0.5404𝑖
2 5 15
𝑖( − 𝑖)
5 8 EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS
a. 1 +3 𝑖 c. 3 1
− 𝑖 Definition of Exponential Functions:
2 4 4 2 For any real number 𝑎 > 0 and 𝑎 ≠ 1,
1 3 𝟑 𝟏 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎𝑥 or 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥
b. − 𝑖 d. + 𝒊
2 4 𝟒 𝟐 33. Solve for the value of x, 18𝑒2𝑥 + 15𝑒𝑥 − 42 = 0
a. 0.154 c. 0.285
27. 𝑖811 is equal to? b. 0.407 d. 0.396
a. 𝑖 c. 1
b. −𝒊 d. −1 34. Solve for x, 32𝑥 + 3𝑥 − 2 = 0
a. 2 c. 1
b. 3 d. 0
 ALGEBRA
LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS 40. Solve for x, log3 4 + log4 𝑥 = 4
a. 41.68 c. 42.93
For 𝑥 > 0 and 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1 b. 43.79 d. 41.52
𝑦 = log𝑎 𝑥 means 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑦

• Logarithmic Functions are inverse 41. Solve for x, log2 7 + log3 𝑥 = 8

function ofExponential Functions a. 400 c. 250
• Exponential Functions are inverse b. 150 d. 300
function ofLogarithmic Functions

Domain – is the interval of x values where the function

will stay real
Range – is the interval of y values where the function
will stay real

Properties of Logarithms
General Common Natural
Properties Logarithms Logarithms
𝐥𝐨𝐠𝒃 𝟏 = 𝟎 log 1 = 0 ln 1 = 0
𝐥𝐨𝐠𝒃 𝒃 = 𝟏 log 10 = 1 ln 𝑒 = 1
𝐥𝐨𝐠𝒃 𝒃 𝒙 = 𝒙 log 10𝑥 = 𝑥 ln 𝑒𝑥 = 𝑥
𝒃𝐥𝐨𝐠𝒃 𝒙 = 𝒙 10log 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑒ln 𝑥 = 𝑥

Rules of Operation in Logarithms

Rule Expanding Condensing

Power log𝑏(𝑀𝑁) log𝑏 𝑀 + log𝑏 𝑁

Rule = log𝑏 𝑀 + log𝑏 𝑁 = log𝑏(𝑀𝑁)

log𝑏 𝑀 − log𝑏 𝑁
𝑀 𝑀
Quotient log 𝑏 ( )
Rule 𝑁 = log𝑏 ( )
= log𝑏 𝑀 − log𝑏 𝑁 𝑁

Power
log𝑏 𝑀𝑝 = 𝑝 log𝑏 𝑀 𝑝 log𝑏 𝑀 = log𝑏 𝑀𝑝
Rule

35. Solve for x, log(𝑥 + 7) − log(3) = log (7𝑥 + 1)

a. 1/3 c. 1/4
b. 1/7 d. 1/5

36. Solve for x, ln(𝑥 − 4) + ln(𝑥 + 1) = ln(𝑥 − 8)

a. 0 c. 1
b. 3 d. 2

37. Solve for x,

1
log (𝑥 − 1) − log (𝑥 + 3) = log ( )
2 2 2 𝑥
a. 1 c. 2
b. 0 d. 3

38. Solve for x, 2|ln 𝑥| − 6 = 0

a. 19.349 c. 29.177
b. 28.258 d. 20.086

39. Solve for x, 3|log 𝑥 | − 6 = 0

a. 1000 c. 70
b. 50 d. 100