JOB # 03

To design and set out a Reverse Curve.

Venue: Football Ground, UET, Lahore.
Date: October 1, 2018.
Apparatus:
Theodolite, Tripod stand, Ranging rod, Ranging Pole, 10 Pegs, Fiber glass table, Mallet

Least Count of Instrument Used:

Least count of theodolite = 00°00´05´´
Least count of fiber glass tape= 0.01 m

Observations and Calculations:

Data:
Perpendicular distance between parallel tangents= P =10m.
Chainage of T1 =1252.10m
Distance between tangent points T1T2 =70m.
Peg Interval is 5m.
Deflection angle for each curve = ∅ =16 ° 25 ´ 35 ´ ´

Computations:
If radius of both arcs in reverse cure is equal to each other we can find its value as below:
T1T2=2√ PRthen 70 = 2(10*R) ^1/2 so, R = 122.5m
∅ 16 °25 ´ 35 ´ ´
Length of chord in both = L =2 R sin = 2(122.5 sin ¿=35 m
2 2

π∗R∗∅ 3.142∗122.5∗16 ° 25 ´ 35 ´ ´
Arc length in each case = = = 35.12 m
180 180
Chainage of B= chainage of T1+ length of arc
= 1252.10 +35.12
Chainage of B = 1287.22m
Chainage of T2= chainage of B+ length of arc = 1287.22 +35.12
Chainage of T2 =1322.34m

Table for first curve:

 Chainage Chord angle Total tangential angle Angle to be set on 5’’
theodolite
1252.10 (T1) 00 ° 00 ' 00 00 ° 00 ' 00 00 ° 00 ' 00
1255 ¿ '
00 ° 40 41 ' ' 00 ° 40 ' 41 00 ° 40 ' 40
1260 ( P2) 01 ° 10 ' 10 01 ° 50 ' 51 01 ° 50 ' 50
1265(P¿¿ 3)¿ 01 ° 10 ' 10 03 ° 01' 01 03 ° 01' 00
1270(P4 ) 01 ° 10 ' 10 04 ° 11' 11' ' 04 ° 11' 10
1275(P¿¿ 5)¿ 01 ° 10 ' 10 05 ° 21' 21 05 ° 21' 20
1280 (P¿¿ 6)¿ 01 ° 10 ' 10 06 ° 31' 31 '
06 ° 31 30
1285¿ ¿) 0 1 ° 10 ' 10 07 ° 41 ' 41 07 ° 41 ' 40 ' '
1287.22 (B) 00 ° 30' 52 08 ° 12' 33 08 ° 12' 30

Calculation of chord angles for T1B:

1718.9× 2.90
 For chord 2.90 = =40 ' 41 ”
122.5
1718.9× 5.0
 For chord 5.0 = = 1 °10 ' 10
122.5
1718.9× 2.20
 For Final sub chord 2.20 = =00 ° 30' 52
122.5

Table for second curve:

Chainage Chord angle Total tangential angle Angle to be set on 5’’
theodolite
1322.34 (T2) 00 ° 00 ' 00 00 ° 00 ' 00 00 ° 00 ' 00
1320 ¿ 00 ° 32' 50 00 ° 32' 50 00 ° 32' 50
1315 ( P2) 01 ° 10 ' 10 01 ° 43 ' 00 01 ° 43 ' 00
1310(P¿¿ 3)¿ 01 ° 10 ' 10 02 ° 53 ' 10 02 ° 53 ' 10
1305(P4 ) 01 ° 10 ' 10 04 ° 03 ' 20 04 ° 03 ' 20
1300(P¿¿ 5)¿ 01 ° 10 ' 10 05 ° 13' 30 05 ° 13' 30
1295 (P¿¿ 6)¿ 01 ° 10 ' 10 06 ° 23 ' 40 06 ° 23' 40
1290¿ ¿) 01 ° 10 ' 10 07 ° 33 ' 50 07 ° 33 ' 50
1287.22 (B) 00 ° 39' 10 08 ° 13' 00 08 ° 13' 00

Calculation of chord angles for T2B:

1718.9× 2.34
 For initial sub chord 2.34 = = 00 ° 32' 50
122.5
1718.9× 5.0
 For full chord 5.0 = =1 °10' 10”
122.5
1718.9× 2.78
 For final sub chord 2.78 = =0 ° 39' 10
122.5
Procedure:
1. First of all, insert a peg into field anywhere with help of mallet and consider it as a
first Tangent point T1.
2. In order to set out a reverse curve on horizontal plane, theodolite is centered and
levelled over first tangent point T1
3. To begin with the temporary adjustment of the instrument, circular bubble and plate
bubble are levelled, preceded by the centering of theodolite using optical plummet.
4. Then draw a full length chord on ground starting from already inserted peg. The
length of chord should be 70m .This chord is drawn by the help of fiber glass tape.
The ending point of chord is called as second tangent point T2. So,
i. T1T2= 70m.
5. This should be a straight line of angle 00º00’00’’ (done by bisecting pole at T2.)
6. Insert a peg at distance of 35m on long chord by help of fiber glass tape and mallet.
This point is called as point of curve.
∅
7. After doing this, draw a tangent line of length 20m starting from T1 at angle of
2
which is equal to 8º12’47.5’’ and place ranging rod over. Ending point of this tangent
line is B.
8. Start plotting a first curve of length 35.12m by using DEFLECTION ANGLE
METHOD OR RANKINE’S METHOD.
9. Set angle of theodolite at 00º00’00’’ at tangent line and move the thedolite
horizontally from tangent line to full chord of length 70m such that angle becomes
00º40’41’’ (deflection angle of initial chord of first curve) and at this point clamp the
theodolite horizontally.
10. Set an initial sub chord of length 2.9m at initial deflection angle by the help of fiber
glass tape and insert a peg using mallet.
11. For drawing full sub chord set angle 00º00’00’’ at initial sub chord and move
theodollite slowly that angle becomes 01º10’10’’. And draw full sub chord of 5m at
this angle. Then repeat same procedure for setting 5 more full chords.
12. In this way we have completed first curve of reverse curve.
13. To set out second curve which is in opposite direction of first curve of reverse curve,
we have to move our instrumental station from point T1 to point T2.
14. Repeat the same procedure of centering and leveling.
15. Now, draw second tangent line of length 20m from T2 and consider its end point is B.
16. For setting out this curve same procedure of initial, full and final sub chords is
adopted as for first one. Only there is a change in value but method remains same
(DEFLECTION ANGLE METHOD)

Conclusion:
By the help of theodolite, fiber glass tape, mallet, pegs and ranging poles , ranging rodes all
the data is used to set out reverse curve on ground .There is a need to set out a reverse curve
where deflection angles are very small in our case deflection angle is 16°25´35´´.

Precautions:
 In levelling, make sure that the tribrach is made as horizontal as possible.
 The theodolite should be touched as less as possible to avoid disarrangement of the
setup.
 Both the theodolite and the telescope should be perfectly clamped for accurate
readings.
 Safety measures like hats, protective footwear and umbrella etc. should be considered.
 All instruments used in field must be handled carefully.
 Use umbrella to avoid direct exposure to sunlight.
 Level and center the instrument carefully.

Question and Answers:

1. What is a reverse curve?
Answer: A reversed curve is formed by two circular simple curves having a common
tangent but lies on opposite sides

2. Where do reverse curves used?

Answer: Reversed curves are being used with great success on park roads, formal paths,
waterway channels, and the like.
3. What is common tangent?
Answer: The tangent that meets both right and left parts of curve is called common
tangent. Its length is between the vertices of both part of curve.

4. What is point of curvature of reversed curve?

Answer: The point at which tangent cuts the reverse curve is called point of curvature.
5. What are vertices of reversed curve?
Answer: The points of concurrency of common tangent and forward tangent i.e. tangent
of first curve or rear tangent i.e. tangent of other curve.