RESEARCH Mixed

Quantitative Qualitative
APPROACH Methods
 Descriptive  Phenomenology  Convergent Parallel
 Correlational  Narrative  Explanatory
 Experimental  Case Study Sequential
 Causal Comparative  Grounded Theory  Exploratory
DESIGNS  Ethnography Sequential
 Historical
What concepts or insights
can you recall about
quantitative research?
 QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH APPROACH
DEFINITION VARIABLES
01 What is
quantitative
02 What are variables and
how important are they
research? in quantitative research?

TYPES STRENGTHS
03 What are its
classifications and
04 Can we say that
quantitative
kinds? research is the best
approach?
 1
Definition
What is quantitative research?
“
Quantitative research
“employ strategies of
inquiry such as
experimental and
surveys, and collect data
on predetermined

”
instruments that yield
statistical data”
John W. Creswell
quantitative research
is useful especially
in obtaining
numerical
information such as
presidential polls or
surveys, statistics
“ Quantitative research is an
approach for testing
objective theories by
examining the relationship

”
among variables.

John W. Creswell
 to explain the causes of
phenomena through
objective measurement and
numerical analysis

Research Goal and Purpose

 problem data needed
What are the • lesson planning
instructional • teaching performance
competencies of • positive use of ICT in class
beginning teachers? • designing and using
assessment
 to predict and establish
relationships, and generalize
findings

Research Goal and Purpose

 problem to answer:
Do instructional • know and determine
competencies of the correlation existing
beginning teachers between and among
have a direct impact on
the variables involved
student achievement?
 2
Variables
What are variables and how important are they in
quantitative research?
 Variables

set of attributes or
characteristics we ascribe to the
individual, group, or phenomena
being studied
 Variables

serve as the basis for collecting,

organizing, presenting,
analyzing, and interpreting data
in quantitative research
in choosing
variables
It must be based on
readings from related
literatures or studies,
and not just from
random options
 Problem variables
What are the • educational attainment
instructional • seminars attended by
competencies of the teachers
beginning teachers? • gadgets available at
home for technological
skills
 Problem variables
factors affecting the • parental involvement
academic performance • available gadgets at
of Senior High School home
students in online • academic motivation
learning
 Types of Variables

1 2 3 4

independent dependent intervening antecedent

 Independent Variables
definition example
● variables that ● educational
cause changes attainment
in a affecting a
phenomenon beginning
or situation teacher’s
instructional
competency
 Independent Variables
definition example
● variables that ● seminars and
cause changes trainings
in a attended
phenomenon affecting a
or situation beginning
teacher’s
instructional
competency
 Independent Variables
definition example
● variables that ● parental
cause changes involvement
in a affecting
phenomenon student’s
or situation academic
performance
 Independent Variables
definition example
● variables that ● exposure of
cause changes plants to
in a different
phenomenon colored lights
or situation affecting the
height and
growth of
plants
 Independent Variables
definition example
● variables that ● available
cause changes reading
in a materials at
phenomenon home affecting
or situation the Lexile level
of high school
students
 Dependent Variables
definition example
● variables that ● beginning
change due to teacher’s
manipulation of instructional
the competency
independent being affected by
variable the trainings
attended, or post
grad degree
 Intervening Variables
definition example
● variables that ● extroversion
link or bridge mediating or
the gap moderating the
between effects of
independent cooperative
and dependent learning activities
variables on academic
achievement
 Intervening Variables
definition example
● variables that
exist between ● income or
the occupation affect
independent the relationship
variable and the between education
dependent and spending
variable capability
 Intervening Variables
definition example
● variables that ● experience of
link or bridge racism as an
the gap intervening variable
between in studying the
independent correlation between
and dependent race and college
variables completion
 Antecedent Variables
definition example
● variables occur ● Educational level
before the affect the
independent and relationship between
dependent age and annual
variables under income
study and can
help explain their
relationship
 Antecedent Variables
definition example

● variables that do ● Work stress in

not directly affect studying the
the IV/DV correlation between
relationship (as in meditation and
cause and effect); it reported happiness
just precedes that
relationship in time.
 3
Types of Quantitative
Research
What are its classifications and kinds?
Descriptive Correlational

Types of
Quantitative
Research

Experimental Causal-comparative
 Descriptive Research

definition focus
investigating, useful in answering
measuring, describing research questions
aspects or dealing with
characteristics measurements
 Quality of Teaching Performance of
Beginning Teachers
This research mainly aims to develop and evaluate a
Professional Learning and Development Program for
Probationary Teachers based on their quality of
teaching performance.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
1.What is the quality of teaching performance of the
probationary teachers based from their faculty
performance rating in the past two years?
 faculty
performance rating
gathered by computing the mean or
average of their performance evaluation
 Faculty Performance Rating of
Beginning Teachers
INDICATOR MEAN DESCRIPTIVE
RATING
Curriculum and planning 3.81 Satisfactory
Content Knowledge and
4.32 Excellent
Pedagogy
Learning Environment 3.34 Good
Assessment and Reporting
4.32 Excellent
 Descriptive Research examples

1. preferred Food Delivery Service of Metro Vigan

customers
2. level of English proficiency of beginning teachers
3. level of alcohol consumption of high school students
4. social media use of Grade 7 students
 Learning Styles of SHS
students

STEM NHS AND IS

VISUAL

HUMSS

KINESTHETIC
ABM
Correlational Research

definition focus
studies the useful in knowing
relationship between whether a variable has a
two or more positive relationship to
characteristics or the other
variables
An Analysis of the Relationship Between Teacher Variables and
Student Achievement Scores in
Hamblen County, Tennessee

The research problem for this study determined if a

relationship exists between teacher variables and the Tennessee
Comprehensive Assessment Program annual scores in reading
and mathematics for students in grades three through eight in
Hamblen County, Tennessee.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
1. Is there a relationship between years of teaching experience
and 2006-2007 TCAP achievement test annual scores in
mathematics of students in grades three through eight?
Experimental Research

definition types
adheres strictly to the true experimental
procedures of the scientific (sample is randomized)
method and involves or quasi-experimental
manipulation of variables (sample is not
and employment of a randomized)
treatment or intervention
 Experimental Research examples

1. determining whether a diet of blueberries has an

effect on aging through an experiment involving 19-
month old rats where the experimental group is fed
with blueberry diet while the control group is not
2. determining the effect of salt on plant growth
 Causal-comparative

definition example
compares one or more knowing why students
measurable characteristics from two sections with
or variables of two or more the same teacher
groups to find the perform differently in
similarities and differences Algebra
between them
 Graph it out!

Summarize the characteristics of quantitative research

in terms of types and variables through a graphic
organizer.
 Exit Card

What is the relevance of quantitative research in

various fields, especially in your chosen career?