5-1 Operations with Functions

Find (f + g)(x), (f – g)(x), (x), and (x) for each f(x) and g(x). Indicate any restrictions in the

domain.

1.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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2.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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3. PHOTOGRAPHY A group of photographers is planning an exhibit of their work. Each photographer will
contribute 5 prints to the exhibit and the cost of framing each print is $7.85. There is also a flat fee of $200 to rent
the room for the exhibit. The photographers plan to split the cost of the exhibit equally.

a. Write a function C(x) that represents the total cost of the exhibit, where x is the number of photographers.

b. In addition to the photographers, 3 family members offer to participate in sharing the cost of the exhibit. Write a
function P(x) to represent the number of people who pay for the exhibit.

c. Find and explain what this function represents.

d. If there are 8 photographers, how much does each photographer contribute to the cost of the exhibit?
SOLUTION:
a. C(x) = 5(7.85)x + 200 = 39.25x + 200
b. P(x) = x + 3
c. ; this represents the dollar amount that each photographer will contribute.
d. , so each photographer contributes $46.73.

ANSWER:
a. C(x) = 39.25x + 200
b. P(x) = x + 3
c. ; this represents the dollar amount that each photographer will contribute.
d. $46.73

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Find (f + g)(x), (f – g)(x), (x), and (x) for each f(x) and g(x). Indicate any restrictions in the

domain.

4.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-1 Operations with Functions

6.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-1 Operations with Functions

7.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-1 Operations with Functions

8.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-1 Operations with Functions

9.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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5-1 Operations with Functions

10.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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11.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

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12. BASKETBALL During a practice session, Dimitri makes 20 free-throw attempts and makes 60% of the free
throws. Then, on his next attempt, he begins a streak in which he makes x free throws in a row.

a. What do the functions f(x) = 12 + x and g(x) = 20 + x represent?

b. Find and explain what this function represents.

c. Find and explain what this value represents.

SOLUTION:
a. f(x) represents the total number of free throws made at the end of the streak; g(x) represents the total number of
attempts made at the end of the streak.

b. ; this represents the proportion of free throws made at the end of the streak, written as a
decimal.

c. ; at the end of the streak, Dimitri made approximately 70% of his free throws.

ANSWER:
a. f(x) represents the total number of free throws made at the end of the streak; g(x) represents the total number of
attempts made at the end of the streak.

b. ; this represents the proportion of free throws made at the end of the streak, written as a
decimal.

c. ; at the end of the streak, Dimitri made approximately 70% of his free throws.

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13. POPULATION In a particular county, the population of the two largest cities can be modeled by f(x) = 200x + 25
and g(x) = 175x – 15, where x is the number of years since 2010 and the population is in thousands.

a. What is the population of the two cities combined after any number of years?
b. What is the difference in the populations of the two cities?

SOLUTION:
a. The population of the cities after x years is the sum of the individual populations.

b. The difference in the populations of the cities is given by:

ANSWER:
a. (f + g)(x) = 375x + 10
b. (f – g)(x) = 25x + 40

Perform each operation if f(x) = x 2 + x – 12 and g(x) = x – 3. State the domain of the resulting function.
14.

SOLUTION:

D = {all real numbers}

ANSWER:
(f – g)(x) = x2 – 9; D = {all real numbers}

15.

SOLUTION:

D = {all real numbers}

ANSWER:
; D = {all real numbers}

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16.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

17. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS Let f(x) = x2 and g(x) = x.

a. Tabular Make a table showing values for f(x), g(x), (f + g)(x), and (f – g)(x).
b. Graphical Graph f(x), g(x), and (f + g)(x) on the same coordinate grid.
c. Graphical Graph f(x), g(x), and (f – g)(x) on the same coordinate grid.
d. Verbal Describe the relationship among the graphs of f(x), g(x), (f + g)(x), and (f – g)(x).

SOLUTION:
a.

b.

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c.

d. For each value of x, the vertical distance between the graph of g(x) and the x-axis is the same as the vertical
distance between the graphs of f(x) and (f + g)(x) and between f(x) and (f – g)(x).

ANSWER:
a.

b.

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c.

d. Sample answer: For each value of x, the vertical distance between the graph of g(x) and the x-axis is the same as
the vertical distance between the graphs of f(x) and (f + g)(x) and between f(x) and (f – g)(x).

Use the table to find each value.

18. (f + g)(–5)

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
0

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19. (g – f)(–1)

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
–2

20.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
0

21.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
–15

22.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

23.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
1

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24.

SOLUTION:
; since the denominator is 0, this is undefined.

ANSWER:
undefined

25.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
4

Use the graph of f(x) and g(x) to find each value.

26.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
4

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27.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
–2

28.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
2

29.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
–1

If f(x) = –x + 1, g(x) = 4x + 2, and h(x) = x 2 – 1, find each value.

30.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
6

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31.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
1

32.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
30

33.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
0

34.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

35.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
–1

36.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
32
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37.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
0

38.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
14

39. EMPLOYMENT The number of women and men age 16 and over employed each year in the United States can be
modeled by the following equations, where x is the number of years since 2000 and y is the number of people in
thousands.

women: y = 548.6x + 66,527

men: y = 2090.7x + 62,243

a. Write a function that models the total number of men and women employed in the United States during this time.
b. If f is the function for the number of men, and g is the function for the number of women, what does (f – g)(x)
represent?

SOLUTION:
a. Add the functions.

The total number of men and women employed is given by:

b. The function represents the difference in the number of men and women employed in the United States.

ANSWER:
a. y = 2639.3x + 128,770
b. The function represents the difference in the number of men and women employed in the United States.

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If f(x) = x + 2, g(x) = –4x + 3, and h(x) = x 2 – 2x + 1, find each value.

40.

SOLUTION:

Substitute x = 3.

ANSWER:
–180

41.

SOLUTION:

Substitute x = 1.

ANSWER:
0

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42.

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:

43. MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS You will explore , and , if and

.

a. Tabular Make a table showing values for and .

b. Graphical Use a graphing calculator to graph and on the same coordinate plane.

c. Verbal Explain the relationship between and .

SOLUTION:

a.

b.

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c. When x is 2 or 4, the functions are equal.

ANSWER:

a.

b.

c. Sample answer: When x is 2 or 4, the functions are equal.

44. MULTI-STEP Ice cream cones are one of many treats sold at Sam's Desserts. They sell 60 scoops for every gallon
of ice cream. They pay $6 per gallon of ice cream, $2 for every box of 24 cones, and allocate a fixed monthly cost of
$400 to ice cream. Their sales reports for the past 6 months are shown.
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a. What is their maximum monthly profit from ice cream sales?

b. Describe your solution process.

SOLUTION:
a-b. Let p = price and n = number of scoops sold. Calculate the revenue r for each month by finding pn. Calculate
the cost of scoops sold c for each month by finding . Next, calculate the ice cream profit x by
finding r – c. Now determine the regression equation relating price and profit, the quadratic model
. The maximum of this model is at (3.549, 340.98), so if they charge
$3.55 per scoop, they should earn about $341 in monthly profit from ice cream sales.

about $341

ANSWER:
a. Sample answer: about $341
b. Sample answer: Let p = price and n = number of scoops sold. Calculate the revenue r for each month by finding
pn. Calculate the cost of scoops sold c for each month by finding . Next, calculate the ice
cream profit x by finding r – c. Now determine the regression equation relating price and profit, the quadratic model
. The maximum of this model is at (3.549, 340.98), so if they charge
$3.55 per scoop, they should earn about $341 in monthly profit from ice cream sales.

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45. OPEN-ENDED Write two functions f(x) and g(x) such that .

SOLUTION:

ANSWER:
Sample answer:

46. CHALLENGE Given that and , find f(4) and g(4).

SOLUTION:
Solve the system of equations:

Substitute 1 for f into one of the original equations to find g.

So, f(4) = 1 and g(4) = 7.

ANSWER:
f(4) = 1, g(4) = 7

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47. REASONING State whether each statement is sometimes, always, or never true. Explain.

a. If f(x) and g(x) are linear functions, then there is one value that is excluded from the domain of (f + g)(x).

b. If f(x) and g(x) are linear functions, then there is one value that is excluded from the domain of .

SOLUTION:
a. Never; since the functions are both linear functions, (f + g)(x) is also a linear function and the domain is all real
numbers.

b. Sometimes; if f(x) = x and g(x) = 5, then and the domain is all real numbers, but if f(x) = 5 and
g(x) = x, then and x = 0 is excluded from the domain.

ANSWER:
a. Never; since the functions are both linear functions, (f + g)(x) is also a linear function and the domain is all real
numbers.

b. Sometimes; if f(x) = x and g(x) = 5, then and the domain is all real numbers, but if f(x) = 5 and
g(x) = x, then and x = 0 is excluded from the domain.

48. STRUCTURE Suppose and , for constants a, b, c, m, n, and p, with a

≠ 0 and m ≠ 0. What can you conclude about the constants if the domain of is all real numbers? Explain.

SOLUTION:
n 2 – 4mp < 0; the denominator must never be equal to 0, so the discriminant of the quadratic function g(x) must be
negative.

ANSWER:
n 2 – 4mp < 0; the denominator must never be equal to 0, so the discriminant of the quadratic function g(x) must be
negative.

49. WRITING IN MATH If f(x) and g(x) are polynomials, what can you say about the domains of (f + g)(x), (f – g)
(x), and ?

SOLUTION:
The domains of (f + g)(x), (f – g)(x), and (f · g)(x) are all real numbers since these are also polynomial functions.
The domain of is all real numbers except for any values of x for which g(x) = 0.

ANSWER:
The domains of (f + g)(x), (f – g)(x), and (f · g)(x) are all real numbers since these are also polynomial functions.
The domain of is all real numbers except for any values of x for which g(x) = 0.

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50. Let and . What is the domain of the function ?

A all real numbers

B all real numbers except x = 0
C all real numbers except x = ±1
D all real numbers except x = ±2

SOLUTION:

When dividing functions, the domain of the resulting function is restricted by values that cause the denominator to
equal zero.

So, the domain of is all real numbers except . The correct answer is choice C.

ANSWER:
C

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51. Let f(m) = p where m and p are both nonzero integers. Which statement(s) must be true?

I.
II. 2f(m) = 2p
III. f(2m) = 2p

A I only
B II only
C III only
D I and II only

SOLUTION:
The given statement f(m) = p is an equality. In order to maintain the equality, any operation performed on one side of
the equation must be performed on the other side.

Examine the equations in each statement.

Statement I: On the right side, p is divided by 2. For the equation to remain true, f(m) must be divided by 2. Because
f(m) is not divided by 2, the statement is not necessarily true.

Statement II: On the right side, p is multiplied by 2. For the equation to remain true, f(m) must be multiplied by 2,
which it is. So, statement II must always be true.

Statement III: On the right side, p is multiplied by 2. For the equation to remain true, f(m) must be multiplied by 2.
Because f(m) is not multiplied by 2, the statement is not necessarily true.

Statement II is the only one which must be true. The correct answer is choice B.

ANSWER:
B

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52. The graphs of f(x) and g(x) are shown.

What is ?

A –2

D 2

SOLUTION:
At x = –2, f(x) = –1 and g(x) = –2.

So, the correct answer is choice C.

ANSWER:
C

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53. If f(x) = 2x – 10 and g(x) = x2 + 3x + 1, what is ?

SOLUTION:
First, determine .

Then, substitute 3 for x and solve.

ANSWER:
–76

54. Find (f + g)(x) for the following functions.

f(x) = –5x2 + 4x – 7
g(x) = 6x2 – 4x + 12

SOLUTION:
Add the functions.

So, (f + g)(x) = x2 + 5.

ANSWER:
(f + g)(x) = x2 + 5

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55. Find for the following functions.

A –11
B –9
C 2
D 10

SOLUTION:
First, find .

Next, substitute –2 for x and solve.

So, the correct answer is choice D.

ANSWER:
D

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56. For which pair(s) of functions is the domain of all real numbers?

A f(x) = x and g(x) = x2 + 4

B f(x) = x and g(x) = x2 – 4

C f(x) = x2 – 4 and g(x) = 4

D f(x) = x + 4 and g(x) = x – 4

E f(x) = 4 and g(x) = x2 + 4

F f(x) = x2 + 4 and g(x) = x2 – 4

SOLUTION:
For the domain to be all real numbers, g(x) can never be equal to 0.

For choices B, D, and F, g(x) will be 0 when x = 2, x = 4, and x = 2, respectively.

g(x) is never equal to 0 for choices A, C, and E. So, the correct answers are A, C, and E.

ANSWER:
A, C, E

57. If f(–2) = a and , which of the following is g(–2)?

A 2a
B –4a 2
C –2a
D 2a 3

SOLUTION:
To find g(–2), divide (f · g)(–2) by f(–2).

So, the correct answer is choice A.

ANSWER:
A

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58. MULTI-STEP Jordan is ordering books online for the members of his book club. Each member of the club will
receive a copy of the book and each book costs $8.95. Because Jordan is ordering a large quantity of books, one of
them is free. The shipping fee for the order is a flat rate of $4.50 and there is no sales tax.

a. Let x represent the number of members of the club. Write a function B(x) that represents the total cost of the
books.

b. The club members decide to split the cost evenly and they decide that Jordan should not have to pay anything
since he placed the order. Write a function N(x) that represents the number of club members who pay for books.

c. Find and explain what it represents.

d. The book club has 12 members. How much does each member pay?

SOLUTION:
a. Each book costs $8.95 and there is a flat rate shipping fee of $4.50. But, one book is free so use the difference
between the cost of one book and the flat rate shipping fee: B(x) = 8.95x – 4.45.

b. Let x represent the total number of book club members. Since Jordan doesn't have to pay, the function is N(x) = x
– 1.

c. ; this represents the dollar amount that each paying club member contributes.

d. Substitute 12 for x in the function from part c. and solve.

So, each member pays $9.36.

ANSWER:
a. B(x) = 8.95x – 4.45
b. N(x) = x – 1
c. ; this represents the dollar amount that each paying club member contributes.
d. $9.36

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