z

10
Arts
 10

Arts
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Principles of Design and
Elements of Arts
Arts – Grade 10 Alternative
Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Principles of Design and Elements of Arts First
Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein
the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office
may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been
exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners.
The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Christine c. Britos Reymond A. Sebastian
Editors: Flora B. Tinaza Maribeth B. Bista
Reviewers: Francis A. Domingo Jowell T. Pilotin
Marlon G. Taloza Jovita de Castro
Frances Jocelle C. Singson
Illustrators: Abihail A. Agcaoili Jasper Etrata
Layout Artists: Abihail A. Agcaoili Sheryl R. Rialubin

Management Team: Tolentino G. Aquino

Arlene A. Niro Gina A. Amoyen Editha T.
Maria Salome R. Abero
Giron
Alma R. Tabilang
Jovita B. De Castro

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region I

Office Address: Flores St., Catbangen, City of San Fernando, La Union

Telefax: (072) 682 – 2324; (072) 607-8137
E-mail Address: [email protected]
 What I Need to Know

Do you know that there were several areas in which impressionist artists moved away from t

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Analyze art elements and principles in the production of work following a
specific art style from the various art movements (A10EL-Ib-1).
Specific Objectives:
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
1. identify the different principles of design and the elements of arts
present in the various art movements;
2. appreciate the different principles of design and the elements of arts; and
3. create your own artwork by applying the principles of design and the
elements of arts based on the example of arts.

1
 What I Know

You begin with the module proper, take this test to find out how much
you already know about our topic.
Directions: Use the pictures below to check how much you know about this topic.
Classify them according to what principle of design they belong. Write your
answers in your test notebook. Choose your answer from the following:

Unity and Variety Emphasis and Subordination Balance

Contrast Repetition and Rhythm Scale and Proportion

2. 1.

3. 4.

2
5. 6.

7. 8.

9. 10.

2
B. Directions: Find and circle all the elements of arts that are hidden in the grid.
The words may be hidden in any direction. Write your answers in your test
notebook.

T K S H A P E X P R L

S P A C E Q J I L F S

V H J U E I E O E I V

R T C O L O R T S Z A

D Y P X I K O E K A L

E L L H H L L X J I U

P E R S P E C T I V E

S S E L G R Y U F H O

C I R K O S T R T J P

W U V T L I N E I K I

Well, how was it? Do you think you did well? Compare your answers with those in the Answer K
If all your answers are correct, very good! This shows that you already know much about the to
If you get a low score, don’t feel bad. This means that this module is for you. It will help you un
You may go now to the next page to begin Lesson 1.

3
 Lesson
Principles of Design
1
What’s In

Art can be seen in all aspect of life. It is everywhere. It can be seen in our surroundings. Th

What’s New

Activity 1
Directions. Analyze the image at the center, then answer the questions provided
in each quadrant. Write your answer in your test notebook.

Description Analysis

Vincent Van Gogh

Starry Night
1889
Oil Paint

Interpretation Judgement

4
 Description: Analysis
• What are the things do you • What elements of arts were
see in the artwork? used by the artists?
• Describe each of the things • Which among the principles of
seen in the artwork. design were used by the
artist? Did he use unity and
variety, repetition and
rhythm, balance, contrast,
scale and proportion or
emphasis and
subordination?
Interpretation Judgment
• What do you think does • Is this piece of artwork
Vincent Van Gogh wants to worthy of appreciation? Why?
imply in his artwork? Why not?
• Is the title “Starry Night” • How is Vincent Van Gogh as
appropriate to the image? an artist?
Why?

Now that you are done, you may proceed to learn more.
Are you ready? Go ahead, read and understand to learn more.
ENJOY!

What is It

The word design indicates both the process of organizing visual elements
and the product of that process. It is a result of our basic need for meaningful
order. Some designs are so well integrated that they have qualities beyond a
mere sum of their parts. Such are said to be beautiful, interesting, absorbing, or
surprising.
Art and beauty can be expressed in many ways- in natural beauty of huge
old trees or in the created beauty of a painting of those trees like in the work of
Van Gogh “Large Plane Trees”.

Large Plane Trees, Vincent Van Gogh

5
 Depicted in his works are the principles of design that made his work
beautiful, fascinating and expressive. There are six principles of design: unity and
variety, balance, emphasis and subordination, contrast, repetition and rhythm, and scale and
proportion.
Read the information provided below, then do the activities and
assessments prepared for you to do.

A. UNITY AND VARIETY

Unity refers to the appearance or condition of oneness of an artwork. All the
elements such as line, color, texture, and others belong together that result in
having a coherent and harmonious whole. As variety provides diversity yet it
acts as counterbalance to extreme unity.

Going Home, Jacob Lawrence The Immigration Series, Jacob Lawrence

The visual themes were established with the use of lines, shapes, and colors.
The many figures and the objects in the complex compositions of Lawrence
formed a unified design through the artist’s skillful use of abstraction, theme,
and variation.

B. BALANCE
Balance is the condition in which acting influences are held in check by
opposing forces or what is in the left side should appear on the right side also in
order to achieve equilibrium.

The near or exact matching of left and right sides of a three-dimensional

form or a two-dimensional composition is called symmetrical balance. Two sides
which are not the same is asymmetrical balance.

Chariot, Alberto Giacometti The Evening Glow Of The Ando,

Suzuki Haranobu

6
 A symmetrical balance can be seen on the wheels of the chariot in
Giacometti’s bronze, where the slim figure that serves as a vertical attached on
an elevation. On the other hand, Haranobu’s figures on a woodblock print,
asymmetrical balance was achieved with one figure sitting and the other
standing. Both heads of the figure bends to the center.

Indeed, the magic of art is fascinating. Do you want to learn more? Go on!
HAPPY LEARNING!

C. EMPHASIS AND SUBORDINATION

To draw our attention to an area or areas, the artist uses emphasis. To create
emphasis, position, contrast, color intensity, and size can all be used. Neutral
areas of lesser interest are created by artist through subordination to keep us from
being distracted from the areas of emphasis.

Yacht Approaching the Coast, Joseph Mallord William Turner

D. CONTRAST
The juxtaposition of strongly dissimilar elements is called contrast. Dark set
against light, large against small, bright colors against dull are examples of
contrasts. Visual experience becomes monotonous without contrast. Contrast
can be seen also in the thick and thin areas of a single brushstroke.

Luster-Painted Bowl Spain. Tin-glazed earthenware painted in cobalt blue and luster

7
E. REPETITION AND RHYTHM
The repetition of visual elements gives a composition of unity, continuity, flow,
and emphasis. Rhythm in the visual art, is created through the regular recurrence
of elements with related variations.

The Maestà, or Maestà of Duccio, Duccio di Buoninsegna

F. SCALE AND PROPORTION

Scale is the relation of one thing to another. It is one of the first decisions an
artist makes when planning a work of art, Proportion is the size relationship of
parts to a whole.

ZAPATISTAS, Jose Clemente Orozco

Great Job! Now you have learned the different principles of design, let’s check how far you ha

8
ACTIVITY 1
Materials:
Oslo Paper Color Pastel
Crayons Water Color
Acrylic paint/ any paint available

Procedure:
1. Look around and observe the people around you: your friends, your family
and your neighbor or the nature.
2. Describe them through a drawing or painting applying the principles of
design based on what you see in their faces or actions as they exercise the
freedom of expression in their daily lives.
3. Do this in an Oslo paper. You may use crayons, color pastel, water color,
acrylic paint or any zavailable resources that you have.

ASSESSMENT 1
Create something beautiful and useful artwork to make your life more
meaningful by applying the different principles of design that you have learned
in relation to the talent that God has given you.
Write your reflection on a sheet of paper.

Easy, right? Now, proceed to the next lesson. Remember what you have learned in the

9
 Lesson
Elements of Arts
2
Medium and elements together are the materials the artist uses in creating a
work of art. The distinction between them is easy to see but hard to define. An
element can be known only in some medium, but as an element it is
independent of medium. When we study elements, we consider them with no
attention to the means by which we can come into contact with a work of art.
The elements are its qualities or
properties.
The seven elements of art are:

1. Line
2. Shape
3. Space
4. Value
5. Color
6. Texture
7. Perspective

We now look with greater care at the elements of the visual arts as a kind of
“basic language” with which the artist’s work.

1. LINE

Line is our basic means for recording and symbolizing ideas, observations,
and feelings; it is a primary means of visual communication. Lines always have
direction. They are always active.

The following illustrates the line variations (Preble, 1999)

a. Actual Line
b. Implied line and implied curved line
c. Actual straight lone and implied curved line
d. Line created by an edge
e. Vertical line (attitude of alert
attention); horizontal line (attitude of
rest)
f. Diagonal lines (slow action, fast action)
g. Sharp jagged lines
h. Dance of curving lines
i. Hard line; soft line
j. Ragged, irregular line

10
2. SHAPE
Shape refers to the expanse within the outline of a two-dimensional area or
within the outer boundaries of a three-dimensional object. It may be geometric
which tends to be precise or regular (circles, triangles, squares) or organic
which are irregular, often curving or rounded and seem relaxed and more
informal. Most common shapes in human-made world are geometric while most
shapes in nature are organic.

Mass is a physical bulk of a solid body material and it has a three-

dimensional area.

Mass in Three-Dimension Mass in Two-Dimension

RECUMBENT FIGURE, HEAD OF A YOUNG MAN,

Henry Moore, 1938 Green Hornton stone Pablo Picasso, 1923. Grease Crayon Drawing

3. SPACE
Space is the indefinable, general receptacle of all things. It is continuous,
infinite, and ever present. The visual arts are sometimes referred to spatial arts,
because most of the art forms are organized in space.

Architects are especially concerned with space. With three-dimensional

objects such as in architecture and sculpture, one has to move around to get a
full experience of three-dimensional space. With two-dimensional works, such as
drawings, prints, photographs, and paintings, the actual space is defined by its
edges- usually the two-dimensions of height and width. The illusion of third-
dimension in two-dimensional works is spatial depth.

Diagrams of clues to Spatial Depth in two-dimensional surface (Preble, 1999):

a. Overlap b. Overlap and

diminishing size

c. Vertical
d. Overlap,
placement
vertical
placement, and
diminishing size

11
4. VALUE
Value refers to the lightness and darkness of surfaces. It ranges from white
to various grays to black. It can be a property of color or an element
independent color.

Chiaroscuro is the use of gradations of light and shade, in which the forms are
revealed by the subtle shifting from light to dark areas. This technique was
developed during the Renaissance Period to create illusion that figures and
objects depicted on a flat surface appear as they do in the natural light
conditions.

VALUE SCALE from White to Black

5. COLOR
Color is a component of light, affects us directly by modifying our thoughts,
moods, actions, and even our health. Color exists only in light, but light itself
seems colorless to the human eye. The so called “color” is the effect on our eyes
of light waves of differing wavelengths or frequencies.

Properties of a Color
• Hue is particular wavelength of spectral color to which we give name.
• In 1666, British scientist Sir Isaac Newton discovered that when the light
of the sun passes through a glass prism. It is separated into the bands of
colors that make up the visible spectrum. The sequence of the spectral
colors is: red, orange, green, blue, indigo, and violet.

Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
White Light Blue
Glass Prism Indigo
Violet

12
 - Primary Hues are: Red, Yellow, and Blue
- Secondary Hues: Orange, Green, and Violet. This are produced by the mixture
of primary hues.
- Intermediate Hue are red-orange, yellow-green, blue-green, and red-violet. Each
are located between the primary and the secondary hues of which they are
composed.
Primary
intermediate intermediate
(tertiary) (tertiary)
RED
RED-
VIOLET RED-
ORANGE
Secondary Secondary
VIOLET ORANGE

intermediate
BLUE- YELLOW intermediate
(tertiary) VIOLET - (tertiary)
ORANGE

BLUE YELLOW

Primary Primary
BLUE- YELLOW-
GREEN GREEN
GREEN
intermediate intermediate
(tertiary) Secondary (tertiary)

Colors affects our feelings about size and distance as well as temperature.
Yellow-green and red-violet are the poles dividing the color wheel into cool and
warm hues. Cool colors found at the blue-green side of the wheel, while the warm
colors at the red-orange side, appear to expand and advance.

Objects that appear to be black absorbs all the colors; while objects that
appear white reflects all the colors of the spectrum. Black and white are not
true colors and their combination, gray is achromatic and they are often
referred to as neutrals.
• Value refers to the relative lightness and darkness from white through
grays and black.

Value Variation in Red

• Intensity also called saturation, refers to the purity of a hue or color.

The pure hue is the most intense form of a given color; the hue at its
highest saturation; and the hue in its brightest form.

13
6. TEXTURE
The textile qualities of surfaces or to the visual representation of those
qualities is referred to as texture, in visual arts. Actual textures are those we
can feel by touching. Simulated textures are those created to look like
something other than pain on a flat surface. Painters simulate texture, while
sculptors and architects make use of actual texture.

7. PERSPECTIVE
Perspective is point of view. In visual arts, it can refer to any means of
representing three dimensional objects in space on a two-dimensional surface.
It is a system designed to depict the way objects in space appear to the eye. In
linear perspective objects appear smaller at a distance, because parallel lines
appear to converge as they recede into the distance, and the last meeting of the
lines on the horizon is called vanishing point.
• TIME AND MOTION
- Time is nonspatial in which events occur in succession. Our experience
of time depends upon the movements we experienced and vice versa. A
sense of motion can be created by actual change in position.
• LIGHT
- The source, color, intensity, and direction of light greatly affect the way
things appear; as light changes, surfaces illuminated by it also appear to
change. To suggest the way light reveals form, artists use changes in
value.

ACTIVITY 2
Directions: Evaluate the designs below. Try to see what elements of art are
applied. Write your answer in your test notebook.

1. 2.

14
3. 4.

5. 6.

7. 8.

9. 10.

15
ASSESSMENT 2
Directions: Identify the elements of art that is described in each item. Write
your answer in your test notebook.

1. This tends to be precise and regular in shape.

2. The visual arts are sometimes referred as this because most of the art
forms are organized in space.
3. They always seem to be moving, and we follow them with our fingers, our
gestures, or our eyes.
4. It refers to the lightness and darkness from white through grays to black.
5. Objects appear smaller at a distance because parallel lines appear to
converge as they recede into the distance.
6. Artist’s use this element to heighten the emotional impact.
7. The last meeting of the lines on the horizon.
8. A particular wavelength of spectral color.
9. The mixture of two primary hues.
10. The physical bulk of a solid body of material and a three-
dimensional area.

What I Have Learned

Directions:
Below is a “Reflection Weight” that aims to determine what you have
realized (the attitudes toward learning), the things that you have discovered
(skills that you will cherish to life), and the things you have learned (knowledge
that serves as your foundation to stand and keep you going). Fill in each part of
the weight and share it to your friends, classmates or your family.

Things I have realized (Attitude)

Things I have discovered (Skills) Things I have learned (Knowledge)

16
 What I Can Do

Directions: Analyze the sample arts below. Identify what principle of design and elements
of art is applied.

LET’S DIG MORE!

Directions: Copy the design and draw it to your paper.

Materials: Pencil, eraser, short bond paper or oslo paper.

Remember that every person has his/her own God’s unique talent! Go out on
your own world with your passion, embrace your talent and start loving arts!

17
ASSESSMENT 2
Directions: Complete the crossword by filling in a word that fits each clue.

5 1

4 7 2

10 3

DOWN

1. The achievement of equilibrium, the condition in which acting influences are

held in check by opposing forces.
2. The artist used this principle to draw our attention to an area or areas.
3. In visual art, it is created through the regular recurrence of elements with
related variations.
4. It is the appearance or condition of oneness.
5. Neutral areas of lesser interest are created by artist through this principle of
design.

18
ACROSS

6. It is the relation of one thing to another.

7. It provides diversity and acts as counterbalance to extreme unity.
8. In visual elements this gives a composition unity, continuity, flow and
emphasis.
9. It is the size relationship of parts to a whole.
10.It can be seen in the thick and thin areas of a single brushstroke.

19
Answer Key

20
21
References
• (Raul M. Sunico, Horizons Music and Arts Appreciation for Young
Filipinos (Learner's Material) 2015)
• (Minerva Y. Atanacio 2006)
• Raul M. Sonico, PhD. 2015. "Horizons Music and Arts Appreciation for
Young Filipinos." In Horizons Music and Arts Appreciation for Young
Filipinos, 196-
197. Tawid Publications.
• https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://live.staticflickr.com/7571/28
006968585_2376a46c16_b.jpg&imgrefurl=https://www.flickr.com/photos/thad
z/28006968585&tbnid=yXPt9RFiGFMstM&vet=1&docid=FjwlvRCG1h_0GM&w=
1024&h=780&q=jose+clemente+orozco,+Zapatistas+1931+oil+on+canvas&hl=en
-PH&source=sh/x/im
• https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fround-lake.dustinice.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fin.pinterest.com%2Fp in
%2F426434658437365296%2F&psig=AOvVaw3lUosKcT3ZaLkc7DGl9SCU&u
st=1590768609737000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAMQjB1qFwoTCIj3ppn
51ukCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
• https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fround-lake.dustinice.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttps%2Fwww.artyfactory.com
%2Fart_appreciation%2Fvisual- elements
%2Fcolor.html&psig=AOvVaw3zkaRLk4Ua1JroJ2V5uTkz&ust=159076
8781113000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAMQjB1qFwoTCPiu59b51ukCFQ
AAAAAdAAAAABAD
• https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fround-lake.dustinice.workers.dev%3A443%2Fhttp%2Felements-of-
design.weebly.com%2Ftexture.html&psig=AOvVaw1lCP0yxy1f7Jut3MTzzuhu&u
st=1590768865975000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAMQjB1qFwoTCKC_74
P61ukCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
• https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=imgres&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=
2ahUKEwjm8ufXhNfpAhXNc3AKHfMICEUQjB16BAgBEAM&url=https%3A%2F
%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AClevelandart_1947.209.jpg&ps
ig=AOvVaw2qihrGXehUG8ywX7-7eq_H&ust=1590771744097960

22
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg.,
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600 Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985
Email A*