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Sed

Sed is a powerful text processing tool that can be used to perform basic text transformations on input streams. It allows commands to find, search, delete, replace, and transform text. Sed can edit files in-place or output the results to another file or stdout. Common sed commands include s/ to substitute text, d to delete lines, = to print line numbers, and i, a, and c to insert, append, or change text.

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Chaabane Boussadia
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9 views

Sed

Sed is a powerful text processing tool that can be used to perform basic text transformations on input streams. It allows commands to find, search, delete, replace, and transform text. Sed can edit files in-place or output the results to another file or stdout. Common sed commands include s/ to substitute text, d to delete lines, = to print line numbers, and i, a, and c to insert, append, or change text.

Uploaded by

Chaabane Boussadia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sed ( Stream EDitor)

Sed is a powerful text processing tool that can be used to perform basic
text transformations on an input stream.

sed [option] 'fuction' <file>

Some functions: d → delete

s → substitute

y → transform.

We can separate between functions using ";"

$sed ' ' file ←→ cat file

$sed -n ' ' file → does not print any lines by default. Silence mode.

$sed -i file → edits file in place. (GNU)

Sed can have a script as an input.

Case 1: writing the script in the command line using the option $sed -e

Case 2: using the option $sed -f script_file.

A bash script is a file containing a sequence of commands that are executed


by the bash program line by line. It allows you to perform a series of
actions, such as navigating to a specific directory, creating a folder, and
launching a process using the command line.

$sed '4d ; 7d' test.txt → delete the 4th line and the 7th line.

$sed '4,7d' test.txt → delete lines 4 through 7.

Sed dressing patterns (motif /fr) are used to perform operations on text
files in Linux.

/regex/

Sed '/^# / d' test.txt → delete all lines starting with '#'

Interval with '/motif1/ , /motif2/

$sed '/^bonjour/,/^au revoir/d' test.txt → delete all lines between


'bonjour' and 'au revoir'.
1. Sed will repeat the command line until it finds another interval with
the specified motifs.

2. If only the /motif1/ sed will apply the command line in all lines
starting from '/motif1/'. Exemple: sed '/linux/,$d' sed.txt #pay
attention to $ before d.

3. We can use $sed '3,/^bonjour/ d' sed.txt to delete all lines from the
3rd line until the first line starting with 'bonjour'.

The p {print} command prints the selected line. The -n flag suppresses
automatic printing, so you need to use the p command to print the selected
line.

Examples ;

1. $sed -n 3p sed.txt → print only the third line.

2. $sed -n 3,6p sed.txt → print lines three through six.

3. $sed -n '/parler/p' sed.txt → print lines containing the word "parler".

4. $sed -n '/^tu /p' sed.txt → print lines that start with "tu".

The l {list} command and = ; the l command is used to display each line of
the file with non-printing characters visibly represented. It is often used
for debugging or for viewing special characters.

Examples ;

1. sed -n 'l' sed.txt is used to view the special characters in the file.

The = command is used to display line numbers alongside the content.

Examples ;

1. $sed '=' sed.txt

Output; 1

bonjour

Je suis ici en train de vous parler d'une commande très importante.

Elle s'appelle sed.

Elle aide à modifier un text sur Linux.

2. sed '/linux/=' sed.txt → it displays the line number of each occurrence


of the word "linux" in the file sed.txt.
The command d {delete};

Examples ;

1. $sed '4d ; 7d' sed.txt → This command deletes lines 4 and 7 from the
file sed.txt.

2. $sed '/^linux /d' sed.txt → This command deletes all lines that start
with the word "linux" from the file sed.txt.

3. $sed '/bonjour/ , /au revoir/d' sed.txt → This command deletes all


lines between the lines containing "bonjour" and "au revoir" in the
file sed.txt.

4. $sed '1d ; /^bonjour /d' sed.txt → This command deletes the first line
and any line that starts with "bonjour" in the file sed.txt.

The s {substitute} command ;

Exemples ;

1. $sed 's/bonjour/bonsoir/' sed.txt → substitutes the first occurrence of


the word "bonjour" with "bonsoir" in the file sed.txt.

2. $sed 's/bonjour/bonsoir/g' sed.txt → substitutes all occurrences of the


word "bonjour" with "bonsoir" in the file sed.txt.

3. $sed 's/bonjour/bonsoir/2' sed.txt → substitutes the second occurrence


of the word "bonjour" with "bonsoir" in the file sed.txt.

4. $sed -re 's/^# *//' sed.txt → removes all leading spaces and pound
signs from each line in the file sed.txt. * is a special character in
regular expressions that matches zero or more occurrences of the
preceding element.

5. $sed -re 's/ / /g' sed.txt → replaces all spaces with 6 additional
spaces in the file sed.txt.

6. $sed -z 's/\n/ /g' sed.txt → replaces all newlines with two additional
spaces in the file sed.txt. -z is used to change the line separator.

The y {transform};

y command is used to transform all instances of a character into another


character in the file sed.txt.

Exemple;

1. $sed -re 'y/éèê/eee/' sed.txt → changes all instances of the characters


é, è, and ê to e in the file sed.txt.

Add text with sed;

the command i {insert};

Exemples;
1. $sed '3i bonjouuuuuuur' sed.txt → inserts the text "bonjouuuuuuur" on
line 3 of the file sed.txt.

2. $sed '/linux /i my name is jooooohn cenaaa' sed.txt → inserts the text


"my name is jooooohn cenaaa" before any line containing "linux" in the
file sed.txt.

the command a {append};

Exemple;

1. $sed '8a hello' sed.txt → appends the text "hello" after line 8 in the
file sed.txt.

2. $sed '/linux/a My name is jooooohn cenaaa' sed.txt → appends the text


"my name is jooooohn cenaaa" after any line containing "linux" in the
file sed.txt.

the command c {change};

Exemple;

1. $sed '10c goodbye' sed.txt → changes the text on line 10 in the file
sed.txt to "goodbye".

2. $sed '/linux/c unix' sed.txt → changes any line containing "linux" in


the file sed.txt to "unix".

Address denial using ! . $sed '/linux/!c unix' sed.txt → changes any line
not containing "linux" in the file sed.txt to "unix".

Sed and substring;

sed 's/[0-9][0-9]*/number/g' sed.txt → changes any sequence of two or more


digits in the file sed.txt to "number".

q {quit} → exits the sed program.

r {read} → reads the contents of a file and appends them to the output
stream.

w {write} → writes the output stream to a file.

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