Department of Chemistry

UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN

CEM1008F - CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERS

SECOND CLASS TEST: MAY 2019

60 MINUTES, 50 MARKS
INSTRUCTIONS:

1. Write your name and student registration number on the computer answer sheet.

2. An additional 5 minutes are afforded at the start of the test for reading. No writing may
occur during this period.

3. Record your answers CLEARLY and UNAMBIGUOUSLY on the COMPUTER ANSWER

SHEET USING AN HB PENCIL.
There is only ONE CORRECT RESPONSE to each question. You will be given a
NEGATIVE score for a question if:

a) you give more than one response to a question,

b) you give an incorrect response,

You will get ZERO if you give no response.

4. There are 18 questions. Check that your paper is complete.

5. Hand in your computer answer sheet only.

6. You may use the reverse blank pages of the question paper for your calculations.

7. A periodic table, aqueous solubility rules and a formula sheet are provided at the end of
the question paper. You may remove these to facilitate access.
Question 1
During a certain process a system releases heat and performs work on the surroundings.
Which one of the following statements is true after the process has occurred?
B. The internal energy of the system is decreased.
[2]
Question 2
In the entropy equation, S = k ln W, W refers to the number of microstates. Which one of the
following statements with reference to a microstate is false?
A. a microstate refers to the smallest homogeneous portion of a system
[2]
Question 3
A 2.432 g sample of NH4NO3 was dissolved in 50.00 cm3 of water at 25.00 ºC. This process
required 2245 J of heat. The heat capacity of the resulting solution is 219.4 J ºC-1. The final
temperature of the solution is closest to:

D. 14.77 ºC

q = Heat capacity× ΔT

q -2245 J
ΔT = =
Heat capacity 219.4 J oC-1

= -10.23 oC
= T - T = -10.23 oC
f i
T = -10.23 oC+ 25 oC
f
= 14.77 oC
[3]
Question 4
Burning 1.221 g of benzoic acid (C6H5COOH) in a bomb calorimeter, that contains exactly
1.200 dm3 of water, results in a temperature increase of 5.050 ºC. The heat capacity of the
bomb calorimeter is 1365 J K1, whilst the specific heat capacity of the water is 4.184 J g1 K1
and its density is 1.000 kg dm3. The heat of combustion of benzoic acid is closest to:
E. 3225 kJ mol1
[4]
qcal + qwater = qreaction
qreaction = [qcal + qwater]
= [(Ccal xT) + (cwater x masswater x T)]
T = 5.050 ºC
qreaction = [(1365 J ºC1 x 5.050 ºC) + (4.184 J1 C1 g1 x 1200. g x 5.050 ºC)]
= 3.225 x 104 J or 32.25 kJ
No. of moles of benzoic acid = 1.221 g / 122.1 g mol1 = 0.01000 mol
There the heat of combustion = 32.25 kJ / 0.01000 mol = 3225 kJ mol1.

2
Question 5
Using the following thermochemical equations (1) and (2):

(1) ½ N2 (g) + ½ O2 (g)  NO (g) ΔH = 90.3 kJ

(2) NO (g) + ½ Cl2 (g)  NOCl (g) ΔH = 38.6 kJ

the Hrxn of the target reaction below is closest to:

2 NOCl (g)  N2 (g) + O2 (g) + Cl2 (g) Hrxn = ?

A. 103.4 kJ
[3]
Add (1) and (2)
(1) ½ N2 (g) + ½ O2 (g)  NO (g) ΔH = 90.3 kJ
(2) NO (g) + ½ Cl2 (g)  NOCl (g) ΔH = 38.6 kJ
(3) ½ N2 (g) + ½ O2 (g)+ ½ Cl2 (g)  NOCl (g) ΔH = +51.7 kJ
(3) x 2: 2 NOCl (g)  N2 (g) + O2 (g) + Cl2 (g) ΔH = 103.4 kJ

Question 6
The H°rxn for the following reaction:
Cu (s) + CO2 (g)  CuO (s) + CO (g) H°rxn = 125.7 kJ

was calculated based on H°f [CO2 (g)] = 393.5 kJ mol1 and H°f [CO (g)] = 110.5 kJ mol1.
Therefore the H°f [CuO (s)] is closest to:
C. 157.3 kJ mol1
[3]

H rxn   mH
products

f   nH
reactants

f

Hrxn = 125.7 kJ = [H°f [CuO (s)] + H°f [CO (g)]  [H°f [Cu (s)] + H°f [CO2 (g)]
= [H°f [CuO (s)] + (1 mol x 110.5 kJ mol1)]  [0 + (1 mol x 393.5 kJ mol1)]
H°f [CuO (s)] = (125.7 kJ +110.5 kJ  393.5 kJ)
= 157.3 kJ or 157.3 kJ mol-1 (as per definition of H°f)
Question 7
The second law of thermodynamics refers to spontaneous processes. Which one of the
following statements regarding spontaneous processes is true?
E. In cases where the entropy of the system decreases, the entropy of the surroundings
will have a larger increase in entropy.
[2]

3
Question 8
Acetylene gas, C2H2, is used in gas welding procedures and is a very important commercial
gas. The balanced equation and the standard entropy data (at 25 ºC) for the chemical species
involved in the combustion of acetylene are given below. Hº for the reaction is 1300 kJ.

C2H2 (g) + 5/2 O2 (g) → 2 CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

Substance S° (J mol1 K1)

C2H2 (g) 200.9

O2 (g) 205.0

CO2 (g) 213.7

H2O (l) 69.9

The value of ΔG° for the combustion of acetylene gas is closest to:
B. 1236 kJ
[4]

S rxn   mS
products

  nS
reactants


ΔS° = [(2 mol x 213.7 J mol1 K1) + (1 mol x 69.9 J mol1 K1)] – [(1 mol x 200.9 J mol1 K1) +
(5/2 mol x 205.0 J mol1 K1)]
ΔS° = (497.3 J K1) – (713.8 J K1)
ΔS° = –216.5 J K1

ΔG° = ΔH° – TΔS°

ΔG° = –1300 kJ – (298 K)(–216.5 x 10-3 kJ K-1)
ΔG° = –1300 kJ + 64 kJ
ΔG° = –1236 kJ

Question 9
Which of the following statements pertaining to catalytic converters is false?
A. they increase the speed of combustion reactions for improved vehicle performance
[2]
Question 10
The strongest type of intermolecular forces between solute and solvent when gaseous Xe is
dissolved in liquid methanol (CH3OH) are:
A. dipole-induced dipole forces
[2]

4
Question 11
What is the mass of H2SO4 in a 50.0 ml sample of sulfuric acid that has a density of 1.55 g ml1
and which consists of 65.0 % H2SO4?
C. 50.4 g
[3]
msample= ρ x V

= (1.55 g ml-1)(50.0 ml)

= 77.5 g

m𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4
Weight percent = m x 100 = 65.0 %
𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒

m𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 = 0.65 x 77.5 = 50.4 g

Question 12
A 9.00 g sample of urea, CO(NH₂)₂, is dissolved in 360. g water. The temperature of the
resulting solution is 25.0 °C. If the vapour pressure of water at 25.0 °C is 23.80 torr, calculate
the vapour pressure of the urea solution at 25.0 °C in torr.
B. 23.6
[3]
(360. 𝑔)
𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 = (18.02 𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙−1 ) = 20.0 mol

(9.00 𝑔)
𝑛𝐶𝑂(𝑁𝐻2 )2 = (60.06 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙) = 0.150 mol

𝑛𝐻2 𝑂 (20.0 𝑚𝑜𝑙)

𝑥𝐻2 𝑂 = 𝑛 = (20.0 𝑚𝑜𝑙+0.150 𝑚𝑜𝑙) = 0.993
𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝑛𝐶𝑂(𝑁𝐻2 )2

The vapour pressure of the urea solution is:

𝑃𝐻2 𝑂 = 𝑥𝐻2 𝑂 P°𝐻2 𝑂

= (0.993)(23.80 torr)

= 23.6 torr

5
Question 13
If a 20.0 g sample of a nonelectrolyte is dissolved in 100. g of water, the resulting solution will
freeze at -0.93 °C (the freezing-point constant is 1.86 °C m-1). At this pressure, pure water
freezes at 0.00 °C. The density of water is 1.00 g mL−1. On the basis of these data, the
nonelectrolyte has a molecular weight closest to:
E. 400. g mol−1
[3]
∆ 𝑇𝑓 (0.93 °C )
m= = (1.86 °C mo𝑙−1 𝑘𝑔) = 0.500 mol kg-1
𝐾𝑓

𝑛
nsolute = m x masssolvent (since m = 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 )
𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡

= (0.500 mol kg1)(0.100 kg)

= 0.0500 mol

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 20.0 𝑔
molar mass = = 0.0500 𝑚𝑜𝑙 = 400. g mol1
𝑛𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒

Question 14
Which of the following correctly describes the equilibrium constant for the gas phase reaction
below:

H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) H2O (g)

[𝐻2 𝑂]
C. Kc = [𝐻 1/2
2 ][𝑂2 ]

[2]

Question 15
A mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen was allowed to come to equilibrium at a given temperature.

3 H2 (g) + N2 (g) 2 NH3 (g)

An analysis of the mixture at equilibrium reveals that it contains 2.0 mol N2 (g), 3.0 mol H2 (g)
and 1.5 mol NH3 (g). How many moles of H2 (g) were present at the beginning of the reaction?

D. 5.3
[3]

6
 Concentration 3H2 N2 2NH3

Initial y z 0

Change -3x -x +2x

Equilibrium y-3x z-x 2x

At equilibrium:
Moles of NH3 (equilibrium) = 1.5 mol = 2x

2x = 1.5 mol

x = 0.75

Moles of H2 (equilibrium) = 3 mol = y – 3x

y – 3x = 3

y = 3 + 3x = 3 + 3(0.75) = 5.25 rounding-off gives 5.3

Question 16
Given the equilibrium constants for the reactions (1) and (2):
(1) 4 Cu (s) + O2 (g) 2 Cu2O (s) K1
(2) 2 CuO (s) Cu2O (s) + ½ O2 (g) K2
What is K for the reaction below
2 Cu (s) + O2 (g) 2 CuO (s)
equivalent to?
C. K11/2 / K2
[3]
(1) x ½: 2 Cu (s) + ½ O2 (g) Cu2O (s) K11/2

(2) x 1: Cu2O (s) + ½ O2 (g) 2 CuO (s) 1/K2

2 Cu (s) + O2 (g) 2 CuO (s) K = K11/2 x 1/K2 = K11/2/K2

Question 17
A solid A, is introduced into an evacuated flask, producing two gaseous products B and C,
according to the reaction below:

7
 A (s) 2 B (g) + C (g)

The total pressure at equilibrium is 0.900 atm, indicating that value of Kp is closest to:
A. 0.108
[4]
A (s) 2 B (g) + C (g)
Pressure
A 2B C
(atm)
I – 0 0
C – + 2x +x
E – 2x x

According to Dalton’s law of partial pressures and using the equilibrium quantities from the
reaction ICE table, and that pressure is directly related to the number of moles (in the same
volume):

Ptotal(eq) = 0.900 atm = 𝑃𝐵 + 𝑃𝐶 = 2x + x

0.900 atm = 3x, therefore x = 0.300 atm
Therefore, 𝑃𝐵 = 0.600 atm and 𝑃𝑐 = 0.300 atm
To find Kp:
Kp = (𝑃𝐵 )2 x 𝑃𝐶
= (0.600)2 x (0.300)
= 0.108

Question 18
Consider the reaction:
S2Cl2 (l) + CCl4 (l) CS2 (g) + 3 Cl2 (g) ∆H° = 84.3 kJ
If the above reactants and products are contained in a closed vessel and the reaction system
is at equilibrium, the number of moles of CS2 can be decreased by
C. Decreasing the size of the reaction vessel.
[2]
END OF TEST

TOTAL MARKS: 50

8
 Periodic Table of the Elements
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2
H He
1.008 4.0026
2.1 KEY -
3 4 Atomic Number 29 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be Cu Symbol B C N O F Ne
6.941 9.012 Atomic Mass (amu) 63.55 10.81 12.011 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
1.0 1.5 1.9 Electronegativity 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 -
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Na Mg Note: Atomic mass values are rounded off to Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 four or five significant figures 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.06 35.45 39.95
0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.0 -
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.96 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.71 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.59 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.80
0.8 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.8 -
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.94 (97) 101.07 102.91 106.4 107.86 112.40 114.82 116.69 121.75 127.60 126.90 131.30
0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.5 -
55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.91 137.34 138.91 178.49 180.95 183.85 186.21 190.2 192.22 195.09 196.97 200.59 204.37 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)
0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.4 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 -
87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
Fr Ra Ac** Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
(223) (226) (227) (267) (268) (269) (270) (269) (278) (281) (280) (285) (286) (289) (289) (293) (294) (294)
0.7 0.9 1.1 -

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
LANTHANOIDS * Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.1 140.9 144.2 (147) 150.4 152.0 157.2 158.9 162.5 164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0 175.0
1.1 1.2
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
ACTINOIDS **
232.0 (231) 238.0 (237) (242) (243) (247) (247) (251) (254) (253) (256) (254) (257)
1.3 1.5 1.7
 Solubility Rules and Guidelines for Aqueous Solutions

Soluble Ionic Compounds Exceptions

NO3-, CH3COO-, ClO3-, ClO4- KClO4
Cl-, Br-, I- Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+, Cu+
F- Pb2+, Group 2A
SO42- Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+, Group 2A (Ca2+,
Ba2+)
Insoluble Ionic Compounds Exceptions
OH- Group 1A, Group 2A (Ca2+ and larger
members)
CO32-, PO43- NH4+, Group 1A
S2- NH4+, Group 1A, Group 2A

1. Salts of ammonium (NH4+) and Group 1A are soluble

2. Nitrates (NO3-) and acetates (CH3COO-) are soluble, as are the most common
chlorates (ClO3-) and perchlorates (ClO4-)
3. All chlorides are soluble, except AgCl, Hg2Cl2, PbCl2 and CuCl
4. All bromides are soluble, except AgBr, Hg2Br2 and PbBr2
5. All iodides are soluble, except AgI, Hg2I2 and PbI2
6. All fluoride are soluble, except PbF2 and those of Group 2A
7. All sulphates (SO42-) are soluble, except CaSO4, SrSO4, BaSO4 Ag2SO4, Hg2SO4 and
PbSO4
8. Phosphates (PO43-) and carbonates (CO32-) are insoluble, except those of ammonium
(NH4+) and the Group 1A alkali metals
9. All hydroxides (OH-) are insoluble, except those of Group 1A and those of Group 2A
(from Ca2+)
10. All sulfides are insoluble, except those of ammonium (NH4+) and Group 1A and Group
2A

10
 Constants Conversion Factors

R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1

= 8.3145 kPa dm3 K-1 mol-1 1 A = 10-10 m
= 8.3145 J K-1 mol-1 1 nm = 1 x 10-9 m
= 1.9872 cal K-1 mol-1 1 L = 1 dm3 = 10-3 m3

1 Pa = 1 kg m-1 s-2
1 atm = 1.01325 x 105 Pa
NA = 6.0221367 x 1023 mol-1 = 760 mm Hg (torr)

1 J = 1 kg m2 s-2
e = 1.60217733 x 10-19 C 1 cal = 4.184 J

h = 6.626 x 10-34 J S

c = 2.998 x 108 m s-1

F = 96500 C mol-1

Kw = 1 x 10-14

Thermodynamics Applied Solution Chemistry

E  q  w Henry’s law: S gas  k H Pgas

H  E  PV Raoult’s Law:

Psolvent  xsolventPsolvent
q  c  mass  T  
Psolvent  Psolvent  xsolutePsolvent
q rev
S 
T
G  H  TS Tb  K b m ; T f  K f m

H rxn   mH
products

f   nH
reactants

f
H soln  H latt  H hydr

nsolute

S rxn   mS
products

  nS
reactants
 
Vsolution
RT  MRT


Grxn   mG
products

f   nG
reactants

f
Electrochemistry

ΔS°univ = ΔS°rxn + ΔS°surr ≥ 0 

Ecell  Ecathode

 Eanode


Chemical Equilibrium G   nFE cell



K p  K c RT 
n

Ecell 
RT
ln K 
0.0592
log K at 25C
nF n

G    RT ln K Ecell  Ecell


RT
ln Q
nF
K2 H rxn

1 1
ln      Ecell


0.0592
log Q at 25C
K1 R  T2 T1  n

11
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