Scribd
Upload
8 views6 pages

Deformation 1

The document defines deformation as a change in size or shape of an object due to applied forces. It discusses tensile and compressive forces and how they cause extension or compression. Hooke's law states that the extension of a spring is proportional to the applied force, and the spring constant k defines this proportionality.

Uploaded by

Tooba Zahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views6 pages

Deformation 1

The document defines deformation as a change in size or shape of an object due to applied forces. It discusses tensile and compressive forces and how they cause extension or compression. Hooke's law states that the extension of a spring is proportional to the applied force, and the spring constant k defines this proportionality.

Uploaded by

Tooba Zahid
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

DEFORMATION

Tooba khanumClass: JC
Subject: Physics
CONTENT
 Definition
 Types of forces for deformation
 Extension and Compression
 Hook’s law
 Young Modulus
 Stress and Strain
 Elastic and Plastic behavior
 Elastic Potential energy

DEFORMATION
Definition

An object experiencing a force may be caused to change its shape, this is known as deformation.
A force can change both the size and shape of a body.
OR
Deformation attributes to the change in the size or shape of something. Therefore, deformation is any
process that changes the shape, size, or volume of an object.

Types of Forces

There are two types of force, which cause different types of deformation.
 Tensile Force
 Compressive Force

Tensile Force – causes an object to be stretched. When two forces stretch a body, they are described
as tensile.

Compressive Force – causes an object to be squashed/compressed. When two forces compress a


body, they are known as compressive.

Tensile Strength
Tensile strength is the amount of load or stress a material can handle until it stretches and breaks.
Tensile strength of various materials is:

Extension
and
Compression

 When you apply a force (load) onto a spring, it produces a tensile force and causes the spring
to extend.

Stretching a spring with a load produces a force that leads to an extension


Hook’s Law

 If a material responds to tensile forces in a way in which the extension produced is


proportional to the applied force (load), we say it obeys Hooke’s Law.
 This relationship between force and extension is shown in the graph below.

 The extension of the spring is determined by how much it has increased in length
 The limit of proportionality is the point beyond which Hooke’s law is no longer true when
stretching a material i.e., the extension is no longer proportional to the applied load. The
point is identified on the graph where the line is no longer straight and starts to curve (flattens
out).
 Hooke’s law also applies to compression as well as extension. The only difference is that an
applied force is now proportional to the decrease in length.
 A material obeys Hooke’s Law if its extension is directly proportional to the applied force
(load).
 The equation for Hook’s law is

 The constant of proportionality is known as the spring constant k

The Spring Constant

 k is the spring constant of the spring and is a measure of the stiffness of a spring
o A stiffer spring will have a larger value of k
 It is defined as the force per unit extension up to the limit of proportionality (after which the
material will not obey Hooke’s law)
 The SI unit for the spring constant is N m-1
 Rearranging the Hooke’s law equation shows the equation for the spring constant is

 Therefore, the spring constant k is the gradient of the linear part of a Force v Extension graph

Combination of springs

 Springs can be combined in different ways


o In series (end-to-end)
o In parallel (side-by-side)

 This is
assuming k1 and k2
are different spring
constants
 The equivalent spring constant for combined springs are summed up in different ways
depending on whether they’re connected in parallel or series

You might also like