STATISTICS

Statistics is the study of collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and

presentation of data. The average value of any statistical series is called central
tendency Thus we can say that central tendency . Three measures of central tendency
are useful for analysing the data, namely

Mean (b) Median (c) Mode

Mean of Grouped Data

Sum of observations
Mean of a grouped data = No.of observations

Thus if x1 , x2 , x3 , … … … . xn are n observations with respective frequencies

f1 , f2 , f3 , … … … . fn then the mean is given by
∑ fi xi
̅̅̅
X = , i = 1, 2, 3, …. n
∑ fi

Three are three methods of calculating mean of grouped data.

Direct Method : In this method mean is calculated by

∑ fi xi
̅̅̅
X = , i = 1, 2, 3, … … n , where f1 , f2 , f3 , … … … . fn are the frequencies of n
∑ fi
observations x1 , x2 , x3 , … … … . xn

Assumed Mean method (Short - cut Method ): In this method mean is calculated by
∑ fi xi
̅̅̅
X = A+ , where A is assumed mean ( a suitable value of xi in the
∑ fi

middle) , di = (xi − A) is called deviation

Median of a Grouped Data

Median is the middle most data. of a frequency distribution. It is calculated by

N
− cf
Median Me = l + (h × 2 ) , where
f

l = lower limit of median class (Look at the cumulative frequency just greater than
N
, the corresponding class is known as median class)
2

h = width of the median class

f = frequency of median class

cf = cumulative frequency of the class preceeding the median class

N = ∑ fi
Mode of a Grouped Data

Mode is the value of the observations having the maximum frequency. It is

calculated by
fk − fk−1
Mode Mo = l + h (2f ), where
k − fk−1 − fk+1

l = lower limit of the modal class (it is the class having maximum frequency) ; fk =
frequency of the modal class ; fk−1 = frequency of the class preceeding the modal class ; fk+1
= frequency of the class succeeding the modal class ; h = width of the modal class.

Relationship between Mean, Median and Mode (Empirical Formula)

Mode = 3(Median) – 2(Mean)

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. If the mean of frequency distribution is 7.5 and ∑fi xi = 120 + 3k, ∑fi = 30, then k is equal to:

(a) 40 (b) 35 (c) 50 (d) 45

2. The mode and mean is given by 7 and 8, respectively. Then the median is:

(a) 1/13 (b) 13/3 (c) 23/3 (d) 33

3. If the mean of first n natural numbers is 3n/5, then the value of n is:

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

4. If arithmetic mean of a, a+3, a+6, a+9 and a+12 is 10, then a is equal to;

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

5. The class interval of a given observation is 10 to 15, then the class mark for this interval will be:

(a) 11.5 (b) 12.5 (c) 12 (d) 14

6. If the sum of frequencies is 24, then the value of x in the observation: x, 5,6,1,2, will be;

(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 10

7. The mean of following distribution is:

xi 11 14 17 20

fi 3 6 8 7

(a) 15.6 (b) 17 (c) 14.8 (d) 16.4

8. Consider the following frequency distribution of the heights of 60 students of a class:

Height (in cm) 150 – 155 155 – 160 160 – 165 165 – 170 170 – 175 175 – 180

Number of students 15 13 10 8 9 5

The sum of the lower limit of the modal class and upper limit of the median class is

(a) 310 (b) 315 (c) 320 (d) 330

9. Consider the following frequency distribution:

Class 0–5 6 – 11 12 – 17 18 – 23 24 – 29

Frequency 13 10 15 8 11

The upper limit of the median class is

(a) 17 (b) 17.5 (c) 18 (d) 18.5

10. The empirical relationship between the three measures of central tendency is

(a) 3 Median = Mode + 2 Mean

(b) 2 Median = Mode + 2 Mean

(c) 3 Median = Mode + Mean

(d) 3 Median = Mode – 2 Mean

ASSERTION REASONING QUESTIONS

DIRECTIONS:

(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

1. Assertion: If the value of mode and mean is 60 and 66 respectively, then the value of
median is 64.

Reason: Median = (mode + 2 mean)/2

2. Assertion: The arithmetic mean of the following given frequency distribution table is
13.81.

Reason: x̅ = ∑ fi xi / ∑fi

3. Assertion: If the number of runs scored by 11 players of a cricket team of India are 5, 19,
42, 11, 50, 30, 21, 0, 52,36, 27 then median is 30.

Reason: Median = (n+1)/2, if n is odd.

4. Assertion: The runs scored by a batsman in 5 ODIs are 31,97,112, 63, and 12 . Maximum runs
scored is 112.

Reason: Mean = Total sum of number in data sets/ Total number in data sets.

5. Assertion: The mode of the call received on 7 consecutive day 11,13,13,17,19,23,25 is 13.

Reason: Mode is the value that appears most frequent

6. Assertion: Frequency is the number of times a particular observation occurs in data.
Reason: Data can be grouped into class intervals such that all observations in that range
belong to that class .
7. Assertion: Class width = upper class limit – lower class limit

Reason : Class mark =(Upper Class Limit+ Lower Class Limit)/2

Level 1

1. If the mean and median of a distribution be 26.8 and 27.9 respectively, find its
mode.
2. If the mean of five observations x, x + 2, x + 4, x + 6 and x+ 8 is 11 find the value
of x.
3. If the mean of the following data is 21.5 , find the value of k :
𝑥𝑖 5 15 25 35 45

𝑓𝑖 6 4 3 k 2
 4. Find the average number of patients attending the hospital in a day

Number of patients 0 - 10 10- 20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60

Number of days 2
2 6 9 7 4
attending hospital

5. Find the mode of the following frequency distributions :

Class 0 – 20 20 – 40 40 – 60 60 – 80 80 – 100 100 – 120 120 – 140
Frequency 6 8 10 12 6 5 3

6. Compute the median for the following data

Marks 0-7 7 -14 14 -21 21 -28 28 -35 35 - 42 42 -49

No. of 3 4 7 11 0 16 9
students

7. Write the frequency distribution table for the following data :

Marks Below Below 20 Below 30 Below 40 Below 50 Below 60
10
Number
of 0 15 20 30 35 40
students

8. Calculate the missing frequency from the following frequency distribution, it being
given that the median of the distribution is 24.
Class 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50
Frequency 5 25 ? 18 7

Level 2

1.By using any suitable method find the mean of the following frequency distributions

Daily Wages 100 – 120 120 – 140 140 – 160 160 – 180 180 – 200
No. of workers 12 14 8 6 10
2.The following distribution shows the daily pocket allowance of children of a locality. The
mean pocket allowance is Rs.18. Find the missing frequency :

Daily pocket allowance (in 11 – 13 – 15 – 17 – 19 – 21 – 23 –

Rupees) 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
Number of children 7 6 9 13 f 5 4
3.The mean of the following data is 42. Find the missing frequencies if the sum of
frequencies is 100

Class 0– 10 – 20 – 30 – 40 – 50 – 60 – 70 –
Interval 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Frequency 7 10 x 13 y 10 14 9

4.From the following table, calculate the mean marks scored by 80 students :

Less Less Less Less Less Less Less Less

Marks
than 5 than 10 than 15 than 20 than 25 than 30 than 35 than 40
Number of
3 10 25 49 65 73 78 80
students

5.Find the missing frequencies in the following frequency distribution table, if N = 100 and
median is 32 :

Marks 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 Total
Number of students 10 ? 25 30 ? 10 100

6. Find the median of the following data :

Below Below Below Below Below Below Below Below

Marks
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
No. of
12 32 57 80 92 116 164 200
students
7. Find the missing frequency of the following data if the mode is 25 :

Class 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70
Frequency 14 22 27 ? 23 20 15

8. Find the value of p from the following data, if its mode is 48 :

Class 0 – 10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70 70 – 80
Frequency 7 14 13 12 p 18 15 8
9. Find mean, median and mode of the following frequency distribution :

Marks Obtained 25 - 35 35 – 45 45 – 55 55 – 65 65 – 75 75-85

No. of students 7 31 33 17 11 1
Case – Based Questions
1. In a Vidyalaya there are two sections A and B. 39 students are there in section A and
in section B there are 41 students. A periodic test was conducted to assess the
performance of students thereafter analyse and plan the teaching learning process
accordingly. The marks obtained out of 40 are given below in the table

Marks obtained by the students Number of students

Less than 5 3

Less than 10 12

Less than 15 22

Less than 20 35

Less than 25 42

Less than 30 60

Less than 35 71

Less than or equal to 40 80

(i) How many students have obtained more than or equal to 35 marks?
(ii) Arrange the given data in class interval and find the median of the marks obtained.
(iii) How many students have secured marks between 20 and 30 ?
2.COVID-19 Pandemic –
The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as coronavirus pandemic, is an on going
pandemic of coronavirus disease caused by the transmission of severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among humans.
The following tables shows the age distribution of case admitted during a day in two
different hospitals
Table 1

Age (in
5-15 15-25 25-45 35-45 45-55 55-65
years)

No. of cases 6 11 21 23 14 5
Table 2

Age (in
5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65
years)

No. of
8 16 10 42 24 12
cases

(i) Referred to the table 1,find the mean of the given data .
(ii) Referred to the table 1, find the average age for which maximum cases occurred.
(iii) Referred to the table 2, find median of the given data .

Answers
Multiple choice questions :1) (c) ; 2) (c) ; 3) ( c ) ; 4) (d) ; 5) (b) ; 6)(d) ; 7) (d) ;
8) (b) ; 9) (b) ; 10(a)

Assertion reason questions : 1) ( c) ; 2(a) ; 3(d); 4(b); 5(a) ; 6(b) ; 7(b)

Level 1 : 1) Mode = 30.1 ; 2) x = 7; 3) k =5; 4) 28.67 ; 5) 65 ; 6)35 ;
7.

Marks 10 - 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 - 70

No. of
15 5 10 5 5 5
students

8. 25

Level 2 : 1) 145.20; 2) 20; 3) x= 12, y= 25; 4) 18.56; 5) 9, 16; 6) 53.33 ; 7) 22 ;

8) p = 15.2 ; 9) Mean= 49.7, Median = 48.5 , Mode = 46.1

Case Based Questions :

1. (i) 9 (ii) 21.92 (iii) 25 2. (i) 35.4 (ii) 36.82 (iii) 40.2