Section 3-6 : Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithm Functions

For problems 1 – 12 differentiate the given function.

1. g ( =
z ) 10 z − 9 z

2. f ( x ) 9 log 4 ( x ) + 12 log11 ( x )
=

3. h ( t =
) 6t − 4et

=
4. R ( x ) 20 ln ( x ) + log123 ( x )

5. Q ( t ) = (t 2
− 6t + 3) et

6. y= v + 8v 9v

U ( z ) log 4 ( z ) − z 6 ln ( z )
7.=

8. h ( x ) = log 3 ( x ) log ( x )

1 − ew
9. f ( w ) =
1 + 7e w

1 + 4 ln ( t )
10. f ( t ) =
5t 3

r 2 + log 7 ( r )
11. g ( r ) =
7r

t 4 et
12. V ( t ) =
ln ( t )

13. Find the tangent line to f ( x )= (1 − 8 x ) e x at x = −1 .

14. Find the tangent line to f ( x ) = 3 x 2 ln ( x ) at x = 1 .

15. Find the tangent line to f (=

1
16. Determine if U ( y=
) 4 y − 3e y is increasing or decreasing at the following points.
(a) y = −2 (b) y = 0 (c) y = 3

z2
17. Determine if y ( z ) = is increasing or decreasing at the following points.
ln ( z )
1
(a) z = (b) z = 2 (c) z = 6
2

18. Determine if h ( x ) = x 2e x is increasing or decreasing at the following points.

2
3
Section 3-13 : Logarithmic Differentiation

1. Use logarithmic differentiation to find the first derivative of f ( x ) = 5 − 3 x ( )

Step 1
Take the logarithm of both sides and do a little simplifying.
 ln ( 5 − 3 x 2 )
7
ln  f ( x )= 6 x 2 + 8 x − 12 
 
= ln ( 5 − 3 x 2 )  + ln ( 6 x 2 + 8 x − 12 ) 2 
7 1

   
= 7 ln ( 5 − 3 x 2 ) + 12 ln ( 6 x 2 + 8 x − 12 )

Step 2
Use implicit differentiation to differentiate both sides with respect to x.
f ′( x) −6 x 1 12 x + 8 −42 x 6x + 4
7
= + = + 2
f ( x) 5 − 3x 2 2 2
2 6 x + 8 x − 12 5 − 3 x 6 x + 8 x − 12

Step 3
Finally, solve for the derivative and plug in the equation for f ( x ) .
 −42 x 6x + 4 
=f ′( x) f ( x)  + 2
 5 − 3x 6 x + 8 x − 12 
2

 −42 x 6x + 4 
= ( 5 − 3x 2 )
7
6 x 2 + 8 x − 12  + 2
 5 − 3 x 6 x + 8 x − 12 
2

sin ( 3 z + z 2 )
2. Use logarithmic differentiation to find the first derivative of y = .
(6 − z4 )
3

Step 1
Take the logarithm of both sides and do a little simplifying.
 sin ( 3 z + z 2 ) 
 ln sin ( 3 z + z 2 )  − ln ( 6 − z 4 ) 
3
( y ) ln 
ln= =    
 ( 6 − z 4 )3 
 
= ln sin ( 3 z + z 2 )  − 3ln 6 − z 4 

Step 2
Use implicit differentiation to differentiate both sides with respect to z.

4
 y′ ( 3 + 2 z ) cos ( 3 z + z ) − 3  −4 z
2 3
 12 z 3
 6 − z 4  =( 3 + 2 z ) cot ( 3 z + z ) + 6 − z 4
2
=
y sin ( 3 z + z 2 )  

Step 3
Finally, solve for the derivative and plug in the equation for y .

 12 z 3  sin ( 3 z + z 2 )  12 z 3 
y′ = y ( 3 + 2 z ) cot ( 3 z + z 2 ) + = ( 3 + 2 z ) cot ( 3 z + z 2
) +
 6 − z 4  (6 − z4 ) 
3  6 − z 4 

5t + 8 3 1 − 9 cos ( 4t )
3. Use logarithmic differentiation to find the first derivative of h ( t ) = .
4
t 2 + 10t

Step 1
Take the logarithm of both sides and do a little simplifying.
 5t + 8 3 1 − 9 cos ( 4t ) 
ln  h ( t )  = ln  
 4 2
t + 10t 

= ln  5t + 8 3 1 − 9 cos ( 4t )  − ln  4 t 2 + 10t 
   
 1
  1
  1

= ln ( 5t + 8 ) 2  + ln (1 − 9 cos ( 4t ) ) 3  − ln ( t 2 + 10t ) 4 
     
= 1
2 ln ( 5t + 8 ) + 13 ln (1 − 9 cos ( 4t ) ) − 14 ln ( t 2 + 10t )

Note that the logarithm simplification work was a little complicated for this problem, but if you know
your logarithm properties you should be okay with that.

Step 2
Use implicit differentiation to differentiate both sides with respect to t.
h′ ( t ) 1 5 36sin ( 4t ) 1 2t + 10
= + 13 −
h (t ) 2
5t + 8 1 − 9 cos ( 4t ) 4 t 2 + 10t

Step 3
Finally, solve for the derivative and plug in the equation for h ( t ) .
 5 12sin ( 4t ) 1
t+5 
h′ ( t ) =h ( t )  2 + − 22 2 
 5t + 8 1 − 9 cos ( 4t ) t + 10t 
5t + 8 1 − 9 cos ( 4t )  52
3
12sin ( 4t ) 1
t+5 
=  + − 22 2 
 5t + 8 1 − 9 cos ( 4t ) t + 10t 
4 2
t + 10t

5
4. Find the first derivative of g (=
w) ( 3w − 7 )
4w
.

Step 1
We just need to do some logarithmic differentiation so take the logarithm of both sides and do a little
simplifying.
ln  g ( w )  = ln ( 3w − 7 )  = 4 w ln ( 3w − 7 )
4w
 

Step 2
Use implicit differentiation to differentiate both sides with respect to w. Don’t forget to product rule
the right side.
g ′ ( w) 3 12 w
= 4 ln ( 3w − 7 ) + 4 w = 4 ln ( 3w − 7 ) +
g ( w) 3w − 7 3w − 7

Step 3
Finally, solve for the derivative and plug in the equation for g ( w ) .
 12 w 
g ′ ( w ) g ( w )  4 ln ( 3w − 7 ) +
=
 3w − 7 
 12 w 
( 3w − 7 )  4 ln ( 3w − 7 ) + 3w − 7 
4w
=

( 2x − e x )
sin ( 2 x )
5. Find the first derivative of f (=
x) 8
.

Step 1
We just need to do some logarithmic differentiation so take the logarithm of both sides and do a little
simplifying.
ln ( 2 x − e8 x ) sin ( 2 x ) ln ( 2 x − e8 x )
sin ( 2 x )
ln  f ( x )  = =
 

Step 2
Use implicit differentiation to differentiate both sides with respect to x. Don’t forget to product rule the
right side.
f ′( x) 2 − 8e8 x
= 2 cos ( 2 x ) ln ( 2 x − e8 x ) + sin ( 2 x )
f ( x) 2 x − e8 x
2 − 8e8 x
= 2 cos ( 2 x ) ln ( 2 x − e8 x ) + sin ( 2 x )
2 x − e8 x

Step 3

6
Finally, solve for the derivative and plug in the equation for f ( x ) .
 2 − 8e8 x 
=f ′ ( x ) f ( x )  2 cos ( 2 x ) ln ( 2 x − e8 x ) + sin ( 2 x )
 2 x − e8 x 
 2 − 8e8 x 
= ( 2 x − e8 x ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 x − e8 x 
sin ( 2 x ) 8x
 2 cos 2 x ln 2 x − e + sin 2 x
 

7
8
9
Section 3-6 : Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithm Functions

1. Differentiate f (=
x ) 2e x − 8 x .

Solution

Not much to do here other than take the derivative using the formulas from class.

x ) 2e x − 8 x ln ( 8 )
f ′ (=

=
2. Differentiate g ( t ) 4 log 3 ( t ) − ln ( t ) .

Solution

Not much to do here other than take the derivative using the formulas from class.

4 1
g′ (t )
= −
t ln ( 3) t

3. Differentiate R ( w ) = 3w log ( w ) .

Solution

Not much to do here other than take the derivative using the formulas from class.

3w
=R′ ( w ) 3w ln ( 3) log ( w ) +
w ln (10 )

Recall that log ( x ) is the common logarithm and so is really log10 ( x ) .

y z 5 − e z ln ( z ) .
4. Differentiate =

Solution

10
Not much to do here other than take the derivative using the formulas from class.

ez
5 z 4 e z ln ( z ) −
y′ =−
z

y
5. Differentiate h ( y ) = .
1− ey

Solution

Not much to do here other than take the derivative using the formulas from class.

(1) (1 − e y ) − y ( −e y ) 1− ey + y ey
=h′ ( y ) =
(1 − e y ) (1 − e y )
2 2

1 + 5t
6. Differentiate f ( t ) = .
ln ( t )

Solution

Not much to do here other than take the derivative using the formulas from class.

1
5ln ( t ) − (1 + 5t )   1
5ln ( t ) − − 5
1 + 5t t 
f (t ) =
= = t
ln ( t )
ln ( t )  ln ( t ) 
2 2

7. Find the tangent line to f ( x=

Step 1
We know that the derivative of the function will give us the slope of the tangent line so we’ll need the
derivative of the function.
f ′ ( x ) 7 x ln ( 7 ) + 4e x
=

Step 2

11
Now all we need to do is evaluate the function and the derivative at the point in question.
f (=
0) 5 f ′ (=
0 ) ln ( 7 ) +=
4 5.9459

Step 3
Now all that we need to do is write down the equation of the tangent line.
y =f ( 0 ) + f ′ ( 0 )( x − 0 ) =5 + ( ln ( 7 ) + 4 ) x =5 + 5.9459 x

8. Find the tangent line to f ( x ) = ln ( x ) log 2 ( x ) at x = 2 .

Solution

Step 1
We know that the derivative of the function will give us the slope of the tangent line so we’ll need the
derivative of the function.
log 2 ( x ) ln ( x )
f ′( x)
= +
x x ln ( 2 )

Step 2
Now all we need to do is evaluate the function and the derivative at the point in question.
log 2 ( 2 ) ln ( 2 )
f ( 2 ) = ln ( 2 ) log 2 ( 2 ) = ln ( 2 ) f ′ ( 2) = + =1
2 2 ln ( 2 )

Step 3
Now all that we need to do is write down the equation of the tangent line.
y = f ( 2 ) + f ′ ( 2 )( x − 2 ) = ln ( 2 ) + (1)( x − 2 ) = x − 2 + ln ( 2 )

t
9. Determine if V ( t ) = is increasing or decreasing at the following points.
et
(a) t = −4 (b) t = 0 (c) t = 10

Solution

(a) t = −4
We know that the derivative of the function will give us the rate of change for the function and so we’ll
need that.
(1) et − t ( et ) e t − te t 1 − t
V ′ (t )
= = =
( et ) ( et ) et
2 2

12
Now, all we need to do is evaluate the derivative at the point in question. So,

5
V ′ ( −4 )= = 272.991 > 0
e −4

V ′ ( −4 ) > 0 and so the function must be increasing at t = −4 .

(b) t = 0
We found the derivative of the function in the first part so here all we need to do is the evaluation.
1
V ′ ( 0 )= = 1> 0
e0

V ′ ( 0 ) > 0 and so the function must be increasing at t = 0 .

(c) t = 10
We found the derivative of the function in the first part so here all we need to do is the evaluation.
−9
V ′ (10 ) = =
−0.0004086 < 0
e10

V ′ (10 ) < 0 and so the function must be decreasing at t = 10 .

10. Determine if G ( z=
) ( z − 6 ) ln ( z ) is increasing or decreasing at the following points.
(a) z = 1 (b) z = 5 (c) z = 20

Solution

(a) z = 1
We know that the derivative of the function will give us the rate of change for the function and so we’ll
need that.
z −6
′ ( z ) ln ( z ) +
G=
z

Now, all we need to do is evaluate the derivative at the point in question. So,

G′ (1) =ln (1) − 5 =−5 < 0

G′ (1) < 0 and so the function must be decreasing at z = 1 .

(b) z = 5
We found the derivative of the function in the first part so here all we need to do is the evaluation.

13
 1
G′ ( 5=
) ln ( 5) −= 1.40944 > 0
5

G′ ( 5 ) > 0 and so the function must be increasing at z = 5 .

(c) z = 20
We found the derivative of the function in the first part so here all we need to do is the evaluation.
7
G′ ( 20=
) ln ( 20 ) + = 3.69573
10

G′ ( 20 ) > 0 and so the function must be increasing at z = 20 .

14
15
Section 3-7 : Derivatives of Inverse Trig Functions

=
1. Differentiate T ( z ) 2cos ( z ) + 6cos −1
(z) .
Solution

Not much to do here other than take the derivative using the formulas from class.

6
T ′( z) =
−2sin ( z ) −
1− z2

=
2. Differentiate g ( t ) csc −1
( t ) − 4cot −1 ( t ) .
Solution

Not much to do here other than take the derivative using the formulas from class.

1 4
g′ (t ) =
− + 2
t t 2 −1 t +1

6
y 5 x − sec
3. Differentiate=
−1
( x) .
Solution

Not much to do here other than take the derivative using the formulas from class.

dy 1
= 30 x5 −
dx x x2 −1

f ( w ) sin ( w ) + w tan
4. Differentiate =
2 −1
( w) .
Solution

Not much to do here other than take the derivative using the formulas from class.

16
 w2
f ′ ( w) =
cos ( w ) + 2 w tan −1 ( w ) +
1 + w2

sin −1 ( x )
5. Differentiate h ( x ) = .
1+ x

Solution

Not much to do here other than take the derivative using the formulas from class.

1+ x
− sin −1 ( x )
1 − x 2 1 + x − 1 − x 2 sin −1 ( x )
=h′ ( x ) =
(1 + x )
2
1 − x 2 (1 + x )
2

17
18