Unit 4: Bonding & MASTER

Nomenclature NOTES.
 A-Day: 25 Oct B-Day: 20 Oct

Day 1: A Bonding Exercise…

• Group Leaders:
• Be sure you are
• Check out Blend, hit up the Module for TODAY. checking in on
your people.
• Review the videos, text, etc., for Unit 4. • If the last exam
was rough… direct
them to see the
Science Center for
• Exam Make-up: tutoring (if Ely’s
times don’t work)
• Be sure you make a plan and discuss it with The Ely. as missing the
next unit will
• PND (pending = no grade) in gradebook at the moment. It crash their whole
will turn into an MSG (missing =0) in the gradebook next yearly course.
week.

• Note Guide in boxes on your table.

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Tenta(ve Plan:
• DAY 1: INTRO TO CHEMICAL BONDING
• DAY 2: BINARY BONDING – NAMING & FORMULAS
• DAY 3: TERNARY BONDING – NAMING & FORMULAS
• DAY 4: LAB DAY
• DAY 5: COVALENT BONDING & STRUCTURE
• DAY 6: LAB DAY
• DAY 7: PRACTICE & REVIEW DAY
• DAY 8: EXAM DAY

Grab a note guide from the box,

write your name and period on it!
 Objec&ve(s):
• Today we will:
• Use what we learned from prior units to understand how
bonding happens between atoms.
• Understand how ionic bonds create salts.
• Use the knowledge of bond formation for ionic compounds
helps us to name them via the IUPAC naming convention
(nomenclature).
• Take our naming skills and knowledge of bonds to write
formulas of binary salts.

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 8 MINUTE NOTE CRAM!
•Setting the timer.

• 8 minutes to PULL UP THE NOTES, GRAB A NOTE GUIDE, and to FILL IN

SOME NOTE GUIDE.

• We will then discuss the notes after until all done with Day 1.

• Video to watch after. Then homework assigned!

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Bonding Types
Three main types
of Chemical
Bonds (2 major):
• Ionic (Binary or Ternary)

• Covalent

• Metallic
Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Bonding Basics
• Every atom has an electronegativity
rating.
• Metals are generally low, nonmetals are
high.
• A higher rating means they can take
electrons easier from a lower rating
one.

• If the rating is too near to one

another, nobody totally LOSES or
GAINS any electrons, they SHARE.

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 EXAMPLE 1

Using the Pauling Scale (E-Nega(vity)

• Consider Chlorine taking from
Sodium.
• E-Neg rating:
• Cl: 3.0
• Na: 0.9
• Difference is HIGHER than 1.8
• In this case, its 2.1 (3.0-.9), so…
• Bond formed is IONIC.
• Sodium de#initely loses that
electron to chlorine.

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 EXAMPLE 2

Using the Pauling Scale (E-Nega(vity)

• Consider Phosphorus interacting
with Chlorine.
• E-Neg rating:
• Cl: 3.0
• P: 2.2
• Difference is LOWER than 1.8
• In this case, its 0.8 (3.0-2.2), so…
• Bond formed is Covalent (polar).
• Nobody LOSES or GAINS any
electrons… but they are being
SHARED. Albeit UNEVENLY (Chlorine
is greedy with its turn).

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 The Bonds between us…
Let’s THINK FIRST about IONIC CONNECTIONS…
• Atoms want a full valence. (Rule of Octet)
• Small atoms (<Carbon) are happy with 2 valence (losing valence to get there).
• Bigger atoms (C and up) are content with 8 valence. (increasing valence)
• (Other than Noble Gases) Getting a full valence means gaining a charge.
• If a nonmetal gains electron(s) each gain INCREASES the NEGATIVE charge.
• Forms anions.
• If a metal loses electron(s) each loss will INCREASE the POSITIVE charge.
• Forms cations.
• Metalloids trend to do more what nonmetals do… but can do both.

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Remember…
• Metals will LOSE electrons (become cations).

• Nonmetals will GAIN electrons (become anions).

• If charged ions are near each other, they will form compounds.

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Ionic Compounds
• What IS an ionic compound?
• These are salts. (Table salt is JUST ONE OF THEM!)
• Charged ions merge (cancelling each other’s charge)
• Makes a NEUTRAL PARTICLE (a compound!)
• Forms a crystal structure (called a crystal lattice), dependent on the ratio of ions.
• NaCl is a 1:1 ratio, whereas Li2O is a 2:1 ratio (forms different shapes in crystals).
• Salts have a very HIGH melting point and boiling point.
• Hard, not easily crushed. (salt crystals, remember?)
• If dissolved (solubility is key), will generally be great conductors (electrolyte).

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Ionic Varia8ons…
• Binary Ionic Compounds:
• USUALLY a metal ion (cation) merges with a nonmetal ion (anion).
• Metalloids can assume the role of either if electronegativity difference allows it.
• The total charges must become neutral (equal zero).

• Ternary Ionic Compounds (also called polyatomic):

• A cation (metal ion OR polyatomic ion) merges with an anion (nonmetal OR a
polyatomic ion).
• Total charges STILL equal zero.
• One part (or both) must be a polyatomic ion.
• Even if it’s a compound made of all polyatomic ions, still a salt.

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Examples of Ionic Compounds:
• Sodium reacts with liquid bromine, makes sodium bromide salt.

[Na]+ + [Br]- -----> NaBr

• Iron reacts with oxygen to form iron II oxide salt.

[Fe]2+ + [O]2- -----> FeO

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Note on Hydrogen Salts
• Hydrogen salts (compounds formed via ionization) are with
Hydrogen as a positive ion.

• These are the salts most commonly referenced as acids

when they are dissolved in water.

• Ex.) hydrochloric acid = H+ + Cl- -----> HCl(aqueous aka dissolved in water)

• If not in water, its just the salt: hydrogen chloride: HCl(dry)

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Binary Ions…
• When ionic compounds are only made up of TWO ELEMENTS (think
ingredients), its binary.
• LiCl2 lithium chloride
• NaCl sodium chloride
• Al2O3 aluminum oxide
• Usually a METAL ION (cation) merged with a NONMETAL ION (anion).
• Some have hydrogen as an ion:(when NOT dissolved in water)
• HCl hydrogen chloride
• H2S hydrogen sulVide

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Covalent Bonds
• When electronegativity differences aren’t extreme enough (less than
1.8), a compound will generally SHARE their UNPAIRED valence
electrons.

• An UNPAIRED or LONE ELECTRON is seeking another.

• For example, Oxygen has SIX Valence. 2 of those electrons are UNPAIRED
or alone, seeking another. The other 4 electrons are paired up, not
generally seeking any other electrons.

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Sharing electrons…
• A covalent compound is formed when those unpaired electrons are basically
being tossed back and forth (making those sharing atoms FEEL like they have
that treasured FULL OUTER SHELL). There are 3 main types of bonds that
can form:
• Single bond (1 pair of electrons). <----weakest
• Double bond (2 pairs of electrons).
• Triple bond ( 3 pairs of electrons). <----strongest
• In Lewis dot structures, we show this bond via a line between the chemical
symbols. (more on that later…)

• We call these compounds MOLECULES.

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Diatomic Molecules
• Some elements (nonmetals) exist in nature BONDED to THEMSELVES.
You are likely already familiar with one, oxygen gas. You have heard it
called “Oh Two”, it is written as O2.

• Here are all the elements in nature that are diatomic (bonded naturally in pairs):

Br2 I2 N2 Cl2 H2 O2 F2

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Concept Check!
• Recall bond strength…
• Which of the diatomic molecules do you think is
hardest for nature to break?

Br2 I2 N2 Cl2 H2 O2 F2

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Circling back to ions…
• Ternary Ions (Also called Polyatomic Ions):
• These are technically molecules.
• Nonmetals that are COVALENTLY BONDED to each other.
• BUT…
• They carry a charge. Like regular BINARY IONS!
• Its all because AS A WHOLE they have an UNBALANCE of TOTAL
PROTONS vs. TOTAL ELECTRONS.
• These can form compounds JUST LIKE BINARY ONES can!
• They are called TERNARY because the compounds they form
have 3 or more elements within them!

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Polyatomic Ions
• You have heard of these before. The most common are:
• Sulfate
• Phosphate
• Hydroxide
• Nitrate
• Cyanide
• Ammonium
• You will learn a whole list soon. Don’t worry. ;)

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 How a polyatomic works:
• Total protons vs. total electrons.
• Example: Phosphate
• Carries a 3- charge. How many MORE electrons is
that?
• Each atom has a combined total of 39 protons.
• BUT, Villing all their outer valence shells means an
additional 3 electrons, all negative, so a total of 42
electrons.
• Hence, the charge.
• Makes compounds JUST LIKE any nonmetal with a
3- charge as an anion. (So, it IS AN ANION!)

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Ionic Compounds w/ polyatomic ions.
• Just like with binary, a metal cation (positive) can join with amounts of a
polyatomic anion (negative).
• Ex.) lithium nitrate [Li]+ + [NO3]- ------> LiNO3

• They can also form as polyatomic cations (positive) with nonmetal

anions (negative).
• Ex.) Ammonium Oxide [NH4]+ + [NH4]+ + [O]2- -----> (NH4)2O

• And guess what… polys can also join up with polys!

• Ex.) Ammonium nitrate [NH4]+ + [NO3]- ------> NH4NO3

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Metallic Bonding
• Strong forces of attraction are the reason for the high melting point of most metals.

• In many instances, in a lump of metal, all the cations are packed closely together.

• Many of the valence electrons, rather than staying

near their atoms’ nuclei, they exist instead as a sea
of delocalized electrons.

• Still an attraction between the free electrons and the

metal cations. (negative vs. positive).

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Metallic Bonding
• This chemical bonding of metals with metals is this attraction of charged cations
from electrons drifting from atom to atom.

• Vacant p and d subshell orbitals (remember those) allow these drifting electrons to
take up residence, albeit temporarily, meaning that in many aspects, valence
electrons would not belong to any one atom, but all.

• Much more is possible to discuss on this, but just understand that why metals link so
well together is due to this process.

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Metallic Bonding
• Properties of metals, thanks to this bonding:
• Makes them good conductors of HEAT and
ELECTRICITY
• Makes them malleable (you can make foil, bend
them, etc.)
• Ductility is possible (making them into wires)
• High tensile strength
• Metals have luster (shiny)
• And makes them insoluble in water. Not a single
metal will dissolve.

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Metallic Bonding
• One key thing this sort of bonding gives us is the ability
to make alloys.

• Alloys are a mixture of 2 or more metals that enable

the mixed use of properties for various purposes. (An
homogeneous solution)
• Examples, like brass, steel, bronze, etc.

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Get out your headphones!
• Every other person in your group needs to pick a video from the VIDEO
SECTION in your Unit 4 module. Then change it up, and watch another!
• Feel free to jot down some notes from it as you watch.
• Try to pick titles that match the information that we covered today.
• Choose a video with a PURPLE SQUARE beside it! 🟪

• Afterward, discuss what your video(s) was about with your partner.

• You may begin the HW after (maybe even get it mostly done!)
• NOTE: The Homework is meant to make you dig. The text. The videos. The web. You will
do some digging. ;)
Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 HW 1 (for Unit 4) e shift
at
he due d
• Of@icially assigned. Not
hap
e
p
t
e ning!

• Due next meeting day by midnight (Day 2).

• Extended time accommodation, the next (Day 3 MN).

• Be sure you are reading through the TEXTBOOK part 1 (Ionic stuff).
Probably help BEFORE you do your homework!

• Check out the other videos in the Video Section in the module (toward top).
Videos are color coded to match the day material is taught.

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 A structured
• You were assigned today:
• U4HW1 – Bonding Basics
• Reading:
• Textbook Part 1 (Ionic
Compounds)
• VIDEOS… watch them!
• Past work: • Purple Squares!
• Vocab Unit 4 (Due)

Day 1: Introduction to Chemical Bonding Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 A-Day: 27 Oct B-Day: 24 Oct

Day 2: And so, we bond them, two by two…

• Group Leaders:
• After all have
• Check out Blend, hit up the Module for TODAY. taken Exam 3, I
shall review
• Review the videos, text, etc., for Unit 4. (The blue scores of Exam
squares, relevant help for today!) 2, compare, and
send you each
your point
• Exam Make-up: notice.
• Don’t forget to
• Be sure you make a plan and discuss it with The Ely. check in your
• PND (pending = no grade) in gradebook at the moment. It people. ;)
will turn into an MSG (missing =0) in the gradebook next
week.

• Note Guide and CW 1 in boxes on your table.

Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Objec8ve(s)
•Today we will:
• Use our knowledge of ions to understand the formation of
ionic bonds.
• Use idea of ion charge to Aigure out the formation of formula
units of ionic compounds, thus understanding the actual
formula.
• Gain a stronger understanding of naming protocols for these
ionic compounds, to include not just regular binary ones, but
ones with transition metals as well.
Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Naming Simple Compounds
• REVIEW:
• What is a Cation?

• What is an Anion?

• What happens when each charged ion

comes close together?

• Consider the ions forming to the right,

what is happening here?

Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Elements Forming Ions:
• Think of charged ions coming together like magnets.
• The total charge MUST equal zero to have a viable particle of this
ionic compound.
• The smallest whole-number ratio of an ionic compound is
called a FORMUAL UNIT.

• If one particle is -2 and the other is +3, you can’t just have ONE
particle of each (not zero), you will need:
• (2-)+(2-)+(2-) (3+)+(3+)= 0.
• The charges MUST cancel out. (The above example has a 3:2 ratio.)
Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 SeMng the stage…
• You have a handful of the nonmetal sulfur and a vial of
the metal Cesium (S + Cs). Combining the two makes an
immediate chemical reaction. The leftover is a bright
white powdery salt, Cesium Sul@ide.

• The chemical formula is: Cs2S

(1+)+(1+)+(2-) = 0 or (Cs1+) + (Cs1+) +(S2-) = 0

Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Chemical Formulas
• These are like the labels that help us to @igure out the
structure of a compound.
• From the formulas we can derive the name.
• In ionic compounds, the formula hints at the ionic
charge of the components and thus knowing the ionic
charge of the parts can predict the formula.

Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Reading a Formula?
• Every formula has parts, no matter the type. (Ionic, covalent, etc.)

• Chemical symbols. (Found on the periodic table)

• Subscripts beside symbol (no subscript, assume = 1).
• If parentheses are used, then the subscript means MULTIPLE of what is inside.

H2S = 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 sulfur atom

H2SO4 = 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 sulfur atom, and 4 oxygen atoms.

Mg(NO3)2 = 1 magnesium, 2 nitrogen, and 6 oxygen atoms.

Can you see the pattern forming here?

Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Wri8ng Ionic Formulas
• Example, Write the formula for the ionic
compound that will form between Ba2+ and
Cl-. Ba2+ Cl-
• Solution:
1. Balance charge with + and – ions (cations/anions)
2. Write the POSITIVE cation Mirst (usually metal), the
negative ion last (usually nonmetal).
3. Write the number each ion as subscripts as
BaCl2
needed (do not write the 1, assume its so without a subscript). See how we
CRISSCROSSED the
CHARGES?

Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Another Formula
• Binary Ionic Example: Sodium and Oxygen react.
1. Balance the charges! (Total net charge = 0)
2. Use the Criss-Cross Method (value of the charge)
3. Amount that value becomes subscript.

Sodium Oxide = Na+ and O2- making Na2O

See? It took TWO sodium ions to match up with ONE oxide ion!

Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Try some these in your notes:
• Lithium and iodine: _________________
You need to know the
CHARGES of these IONS.
• Learn the Valence
electrons!
• Metals will LOSE!
• Nonmetals will GAIN!
• Magnesium and oxygen: __________________ • The number of
electrons lost =
positive charge!
• The number of
electrons gained =
negative charge!
• Francium and nitrogen: _________________

Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Naming Compounds (Binary)
• Composed of TWO ELEMENTS.
• Hence Bi-Nary…
• Usually METALS with NONMETALS.

• The Name:
• First name = name of the metal (no change to the element name).
• Middle name = charge of the metal ion (ONLY IF TRANSITION METAL) = roman numeral
• (I = +, III = 3+, V = 5+, etc.)
• Last name = name of the nonmetal (but it changes)
• Ending changes to -ide.

Ex.) oxygen = oxide Vluorine = Vluoride chlorine = chloride

Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 The Middle Name
• Only applies to metal cations that can VARY IN CHARGE.
• Transition metals (including some inner and outer transition metal groups).
• Exceptions** :
Silver = 1+ Zinc = 2+ Aluminum = 3+
e f o r
• Examples: C ha rg
E S N’T
**IF ent DO
• Iron 3+ = Iron III (Fe3+) O
elem , then N !!
A RY A M E
• Copper 2+ = Copper II (Cu2+) V
DL EN
MID
Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Naming Prac8ce:
L S ;
• Ba3N = ________________________________ a re ETA LE
e s e M D D
T h IO N M I
P : T v e
TI ANSI y ha
• Al2O3 = _______________________________ T R s , the
thu MES!
NA s s -
C ri
• SrBr2 = _______________________________ rs e d
e V in
R ev to !
s e o d g e s
: U e t h a r
TIP ss M n Ch
• Co2O3 = ______________________________ Cro nsitio
Tra
• Ti3N5 = ______________________________
Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Naming Simple Compounds (REVIEW)
• Binary ionic compounds contain
positive cations and negative
anions.
§ Type I compounds
• Metal present forms only one
cation = no middle name.
§ Type II compounds
• Metal present can form 2 or
more cations with different
charges = middle name. TYPE 1 TYPE 2

Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Let’s Prac8ce
• The next few slides are meant to give you something on
your screen while you work the problems in your
classwork.

• Have them up on the screen as you and your partner

work the questions.

• Start with Part A. Binary Ionic Type 1.

Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 See CW 1: Part A (this slide is meant to help with that!)

Rules to Name Type 1:

• The cation is always named Eirst
and the anion second.
• A simple cation takes its name
from the name of the element.
• A simple anion is named by taking
the Eirst part of the element name
(the root) and adding –ide.

Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 See CW 1: Part B (this slide is meant to help with that!)

Rules to Name Type 2:

• Rules of TYPE 1 apply, BUT:
1. Metals in these compounds can form
more than one type of positive charge.
2. Charge on the metal ion must be
speciFied.
• Roman numeral indicates the charge of the
metal cation.
• Transition metal cations usually require a
Roman numeral.
• Remember the exceptions (Ag, Zn, Al, etc.)
Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Watch relevant videos!
• At this time, pull out your headphones, Eind the videos in
the module with the blue boxes next to them. 🟦

• Watch at least ONE VIDEO.

• Go ahead and move on to the next slide AFTER you

watch your video(s).
Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Don’t forget to read!
• Please review the TEXT PDF for PART 1 (the ionic stuff).

• Next time we will focus on Formulas and Naming of

POLYATOMIC IONS in Compounds (TERNARY)!

• If you have trouble with the homework, see the Science

Center tutors or me before school. Don’t let it get you
too far behind. It just keeps building!
Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 HW 2 (for Unit 4) e shift
at
he due d
• OfEicially assigned. Not
hap
e
p
t
e ning!

• Due next meeting day by midnight (Day 3).

• Extended time accommodation, the next (Day 4 MN).

• Be sure you are reading through the TEXTBOOK part 1 (Ionic stuff).
Probably help BEFORE you do your homework!

• Check out the other videos in the Video Section in the module (toward top).
Videos are color coded to match the day material is taught. (BLUE BOXES INDICATE RELEVANCE TO TODAY!)

Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 A structured
• You were assigned today:
• CW 1 – Binary Ionic Compounds
• U4HW2 – Binary Ionic Bonding
• Reading:
• Textbook Part 1 (Ionic
Compounds)
• Past work: • VIDEOS… watch them! (Blue
• Vocab Unit 4 (LATE) Squares!)
• U4HW1 (Due)

Day 2: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 A-Day: 27 Oct B-Day: 24 Oct

Day 3: Three’s company, connect!

• Group Leaders:
• How is your
• Check out Blend, hit up the Module for TODAY. group doing
with naming
• Review the videos, text, etc., for Unit 4. (Check out compounds and
writing
stuff with green squares!) formulas for
Binary Ionics so
far?
• Exam Make-up: • Make a plan to
help each other
• Exams are turning into MSG (missing), make it up! get better!

• Note Guide combined with CW 2 in boxes on

your table.
Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Objec8ve(s):
•Today we will:
• Take our understanding of ionic compounds further
and incorporate a new type of ion, a polyatomic ion.
• Be able to write out formulas for polyatomic ionic
compounds.
• Be able to adequately name compounds that have one
or two polyatomic ions in them.
Day 3: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Official Defini8on
• Ionic Compound:
• A salt formed by the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions to form
compounds via ionic bonding, the smallest bit called a formula unit, and the type of
compound is a salt.

• These cations or anions don’t have to be monatomic ions (like Cl- or Na+), they
can also be polyatomic ions.

• A polyatomic ion is a molecule that happens to carry a charge, thus acting

JUST LIKE a monatomic ion, able to form ionic compounds, aka, salts.
• The ratio of protons : electrons is not 1:1.
• More electrons = negative
• Less electrons (more protons) = positive
Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Polyatomic Ions
• Polyatomic ions are charged entities composed of
several atoms bound together.
• They have special names, and many should be
memorized.
• See Table of Polyatomic Ions on your Unit Help Page.
• Some Examples:
• [OH]- = hydroxide [NO3]- = nitrate
• [NH4]+ = ammonium [SO4]2- = sulfate

Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Some common Polyatomic Ions:

Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Naming Compounds
• Naming ionic compounds
containing polyatomic ions
follows rules like those for
binary compounds.

• Ex.) Ammonium Acetate

(Both ions are polyatomic)

Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Some Naming Examples:
• Polyatomic Ions in Bold:
_Formula:__ ______Name:________ ____Ions:____

NaOH sodium hydroxide [Na]+[OH]-

Mg(NO3)2 magnesium nitrate [NO3]-[Mg]2+[NO3]-
(NH4)2SO4 ammonium sulfate [NH4]+[SO4]2-[NH4]+
NH4Cl ammonium chloride [NH4]+[Cl]-

Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 The most common:
• Anions with a 1- charge:

• Nitrate [NO3]-
• Chlorate [ClO3]-
• Hydroxide [OH]-
• Cyanide [CN]-
• Acetate [C2H3O2]-
• Bicarbonate [HCO3]-
Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 More of the most common:
• Anions with a 2- charge:

• Carbonate [CO3]2-
• Sulfate [SO4]2-
• Chromate [CrO4]2-
• Peroxide [O2]2-
• Oxalate [C2O4]2-
• Sulfite [SO3]2-
Can you 1igure out which goes with which?
Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 The common conInues:
• Anions with a 3- charge:

• Phosphate [PO4]3-
• Phosphite [PO3]3-
• Arsenate [AsO4]3-

Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 But wait…
• There is also a few POSITIVE CATIONS!

• Ammonium [NH4]+
• Hydronium [H3O]+

Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 There are more…
• There are over 100 polyatomic ions.

• Most of them are rare. We will not memorize that many.

• These are the main ones I want you know: (try to memorize these)
Charges: 🟦 = 1- 🟪 = 2- 🟧 = 3- 🟩 = 1+

nitrate nitrite hydroxide ammonium acetate

chlorate sulfate sulnite phosphate peroxide
carbonate chromate dichromate permanganate iodate
These will be ones we will see the most. (There are some more on the help page, an again, still not ALL.)

Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Here is a nice graphic.

Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Note About Subscripts
• The subscript is to the RIGHT of the element or polyatomic ion
you are multiplying. (Parentheses goes around polyatomic ions
when more than one).

H2O = 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen

Al(NO3)3 = 3 nitrates (NO3)- and 1 aluminum ion

Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Review Formula WriIng:
• STEP BY STEP:
1. Determine your ions and their charges.
2. Find the needed amounts of each to make a neutral particle (one
formula unit).
3. List the positive cation Lirst, using subscripts, denote how many.
4. List the negative anion next, again, use those subscripts if
needed.
5. Be sure it is simpliLied (whole-number ratio for ionic
compounds.)
Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Note about Naming
• Common mistakes with names:
• Ionic compounds NEVER have prenixes. (That’s covalent, coming soon…)
• The names of nonmetal ions gets mixed up with a polyatomic name.
• Nitrogen becomes nitride [N]3- is different than nitrate [NO3]-
• Sulfur becomes sul9ide [S]2- again, is different than sulfate [SO4]2-
• Do not change the polyatomic name to –ide. That’s reserved for
monatomic anions (like oxygen becoming oxide).
• Transition metals become cations and have a middle name.
• The roman numeral is the CHARGE of that cation. I.E., Iron with a 3+ charge is
Iron III.

Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 NEXT TIME…
• We have a lab.

• Be sure you come ready for lab. Try not to miss it!

• If lab document is up for review, take a good look at it BEFORE

coming to class next time (will be there under Day 4 in the
module).
Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Ok, Let’s prac8ce!
• Your second CW for Unit 4… Let’s hit that up.

• You again, may work in pairs.

• Be sure you upload a PDF of your ^inal work for a grade.

• Don’t lose silly points for not uploading a proper PDF.

Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 HW 3 (for Unit 4) e shift
at
he due d
• OfEicially assigned. Not
hap
e
p
t
e ning!

• Due next meeting day by midnight (Day 4).

• Extended time accommodation, the next (Day 5 MN).

• Be sure you are reading through the TEXTBOOK part 1 (Ionic stuff).
Probably help BEFORE you do your homework!

• Check out the other videos in the Video Section in the module (toward top).
Videos are color coded to match the day material is taught. (GREEN BOXES INDICATE RELEVANCE TO TODAY!)

Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 A structured
• You were assigned today:
• CW 2 - Polyatomics
• U4HW3 – Ternary Ionic Bonding
• Reading:
• Textbook Part 1 (Ionic Compounds)
• VIDEOS… watch them! (Green
• Past work:
• Vocab Unit 4 (Locking out soon)
squares!)
• U4HW1 (LATE)
• CW 1 – Binary Ionics (LATE)
• U4HW2 (Due)
Day 3: Ternary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 x
•x

Day 3: Binary Ionic Compounds Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 A-Day: 1 Nov B-Day: 2 Nov

Day 4: It’s Bond, Chemical Bond.

• Group Leaders:
• It’s a lab day!
• Check out Blend, hit up the Module for TODAY. Get folks in
gear. Bags
• You should have reviewed most of the videos, under tables.
Hair pulled
text, etc., for Unit 4. Check the websites!! back, etc.,
• Be sure your
sub groups
• Keep up with work! There is a CHECKLIST have shared
information for
at the top of the module! lab.

• Lab documents in Boxes. ONLY ONE PAPER

COPY per SUB GROUP (2-3 folks).
Day 4: Lab Day!!! Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
Substance subs=tute.
• We opted to switch out albumin (derived from dried out egg).

• When heated, it MELTS, but it also SMELLS if heated too much

(reacting and released hydrogen sulnide).

• So, we are going to use instead: (So write it in your lab that this I the
new material)
•Substance name: Gelatin (collagen)
•Formula:C31H27NO4
 Lab 1: Bonding
• Document is in Box, 1 per subgroup, 2 subgroups per
table.

• Be sure you all put your names on that Eirst page.

• One person should open the Eile (same as handout) from

Day 4 on Blend and have it open.
Day 4: Lab Day!! Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Fire Safety
• You will be using a Bunsen to carefully heat up different solids.

• You will move the Ulame under each sample and see how long
until they melt, then pull the Ulame away.

• Keep track which is fastest, slowest, in between, and those that

do not melt at all.

• Use only a SMALL AMOUNT of the substance. (See paper at

station).
Day 4: Lab Day!! Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Objec8ve(s):
•Today we will:
•Use our skills thus far to complete a lab that
involves bonding and use the understanding
of ionic bonds to better know the subject
matter.
•Practice lab standards and procedures
getting closer writing lab reports.
Day 4: Lab Day!! Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 You will:
• See if, how, and when each substance will melt.

• You will check how it dissolves in water.

• Then you will check how it dissolves in alcohol.

• Then you will check conductivity. (Put the electrodes in

the WATER samples, not the ALCOHOL.)
Day 4: Lab Day!! Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Take Home Quiz
• Ok.

• Find the quiz in Blend (see today in modules).

• Each attempt expires after 1 hour. You have 3 attempts.

• Expires TOMORROW NIGHT at MIDNIGHT.

• If you don’t attempt by then, you will arrange a make-up IN
PERSON. Before school. During my planning. FIT.
Day 4: Lab Day!! Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 A structured
• You were assigned today:
• Lab 1: Bonding
• Take Home Quiz (Ionics)
• Reading:
• Textbook Part 2 (Covalent
• Past work: Compounds)
•
•
Vocab Unit 4 (Locking or locked!)
U4HW1 (LATE)
• VIDEOS… watch them! (Yellow
• CW 1 – Binary Ionic Naming/Formulas squares!)
• U4HW2 (LATE)
• CW 2 – Polyatomics
• U4HW3 – Ternary Ionic Bonding (DUE)
Day 4: Lab Day!! Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 A-Day: 6 Nov B-Day: 3 Nov

Day 5: Sharing is Caring…

• Group Leaders:
• Check out Blend, hit up the Module for TODAY. • Lab is due
today, be sure
• Start focusing on the stuff with YELLOW your group has
SQUARES! Check the websites!! a plan.
• Don’t let group
members lose
• Keep up with work! There is a CHECKLIST at points for
the top of the module! improper PDFs
or late
submissions!
• Note Guide and CW (combined) in boxes.
• Plan change: Day 6 and 7 swapped.
• Covalent Quiz NEXT TIME, another lab day after that.
Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Objec8ve(s):
• Today we will:
• Use our knowledge of valence electrons become better acquainted
with the bonding that occurs when atoms share their available
outer shell electrons.
• Use that understanding of covalent compounds to gain some
insight into the structure of these molecules and why they have
that shape.
• Take all the above and apply it to understand polarity of these
covalent compounds.
• Finally take the above and practice naming and writing formulas
for these molecules.
Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Review of Valence.
• Turning our focus to Nonmetals (and metalloids).
• These atoms want to have a full outer shell (octet rule)
and mimic the electron conGiguration of their nearest
noble gas (in atomic number).

• Remember. This is about MOLECULES, not FORMULA

UNITS.
• Safe to say, NO METALS in today’s topic.
Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 What does COVALENT mean?
• Covalent is about sharing available outer shell
electrons with other “like-minded” needy nonmetals
also wanting to share their available outer shell
electrons.
• Covalent uses valence electrons.
• Remember when we did LEWIS DOTS?

🟡
⚪ ⚪ ⚪ ⚪

O H C N F
⚪ ⚪
🟡 ⚪ 🟡 ⚪

🟡
🟡
🟡 🟡

🟡
⚪ ⚪

🟡 🟡 🟡 ⚪ ⚪
Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Proper=es of Covalent Compounds:
• Usually, low melting and boiling points.
• Generally soft and Blexible.
• Are often Blammable.
• Do not conduct electricity (insulators).
• Will not normally dissolve in water (there are some that are
“miscible”, like alcohols and water.)
• Remember that WATER ITSELF is a covalent molecule.

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Types of Covalent Bonds
• Note: this is formed between two nonmetals in groups
14, 15, 16, 17, and hydrogen. (Rarely group 18 = inert)
• Nonmetals have HIGH ELECTRONEGATIVITY VALUES
• Electrons are shared in pairs:
• Single bond = 1 pair shared (like two hydrogens tossing their electrons back and forth)
• Double bond = 2 pairs shared (like how oxygen molecules are)
• Triple bond = 3 pairs shared (just like how nitrogen molecules are)

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 RECALL: Diatomics
• These elements are naturally existing COVALENTLY BONDED
to their own: (state at room temp)
• Br2 = liquid
• I2 = solid
• N2 = gas
• Cl2 = gas
• H2 = gas
• O2 = gas
• F2 = gas
Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Naming Binary Covalents
• Two different nonmetals bonded.
• STEP 1: identify the name of each
element.
• NOTE: FIRST Element is furthest LEFT or
BELOW the other.
• NOTE: SECOND Element is what is left over.
• STEP 2: second element (last name) you
change to –ide ending (like ionics)
• STEP 3: use preAixes to denote the
AMOUNT of each element.
• NOTE: For the %irst name (Virst element)
NEVER use the MONO-preHix.
Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 The Prefixes:
• To be used ONLY with binary
COVALENT COMPOUNDS
(molecules). AND NEVER with
Ionic compounds. (Note: some
polyatomic ions have a predix in their name.)
• The preHix tells us the NUMBER
of each NONMETAL:

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Some examples:
• FIRST NAME:
• 2 hydrogen = dihydrogen
• 4 carbon = tetracarbon
• 5 nitrogen = pentanitrogen

• SECOND NAME: (remember, they change to –ide) N2O7

• 3 oxygen = trioxide
• 1 oxygen = monoxide Dinitrogen heptoxide
• 4 sulfur = tetrasulVide

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Funny thing with OXYGEN
• Be it a Eirst or last name as a covalent compound, some
preEixes are altered (slightly) to accommodate the vowel
“o” in oxygen.
• Mono = mon -----> monoxide
• Tetra = tetr -----> tetroxygen
• Penta = pent -----> pentoxide (pentaoxide w/ a metal element)
• Hexa = hex -----> hexoxide
• Hepta = hept -----> heptoxide
• Octa = oct -----> octoxide
dichlorine heptoxide
• Nona = non -----> nonoxygen
• Deca = dec -----> decoxide
Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Order of nonmetals in formula:
• Higher electronegativity generally goes second.

• EX.)
• Carbon and Oxygen:
• CO2 C2O4 C3O7

• Phosphorus and Chlorine:

• P2Cl5 P3Cl2 P5Cl2

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Things to remember with Covalent
Naming…

• PreEixes are a thing, but no mono FIRST name.

• No middle names (not ionic, so no need to note any positive charge).
• SECOND name makes the nonmetal change to –ide (just
like with binary ionics).
• If with oxygen, slight change to preEix with some.
• Order generally determined by electronegativity.

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Common naming subs8tutes also Covalent:
• Carbon tetrahydride = CH4 = methane
• (applies to all hydrocarbons, another branch of chemistry, called ORGANIC CHEMISTRY,
has another subset of naming rules.)

• Nitrogen trihydride = NH3 = ammonia

• Dihydrogen monoxide = H2O = water
• Alcohols (have an OH part) have their own naming rules, but
you should learn these:
• Isopropyl alcohol C3H7OH= often called rubbing alcohol
• Ethyl alcohol C2H5OH= alcohol in liquor/beer
Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Bond Forma8on
• These bonds can result from an OVERLAP of atomic orbitals
on neighboring atoms (causing this sharing).

• The shared electrons act like a glue, bringing the nonmetals

together. The more shared pairs between them, the stronger
the connection, and closer the bond.
• SINGLE = farthest from each other. TRIPLE = closest.

• Remember the E-NEG difference. (<1.8 = covalent)

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Valence Electron Review
• Outer shell electrons, used in bonding.
• Usually the lone electron, looking for a second to Eill its
orbital, is being the shared.
• Sometimes the unshared pairs get split up and used, too.
• Remember these?

🟡
⚪ ⚪ ⚪ ⚪

O H C N F
⚪ ⚪
🟡 ⚪ 🟡 ⚪

🟡
🟡
🟡 🟡

🟡
⚪

🟡 🟡 🟡 ⚪ ⚪
Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Building a LEWIS STRUCTURE
• Lewis Structures, made from Lewis Dot Diagrams.
1. FIRST, Uind the CENTRAL ATOM(s). Usually in the formula
order, but use this: CNPOSH (often the lowest electronegative
and lowest electron afUinity element)
2. Note the number of useable valence electrons. Each one can
make a single bond.
3. You will often complete the octet in this manner.
4. Check for 8 electrons (shared or not) around each atom
(except H, should have 2).
5. Move pairs as needed to identify double and triple bonds.
Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Valence Electron Review
•x

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Valence Electron Review
• Example breakdown:
• The N is in the middle because it
has a lower electronegativity. (See order
in previous slide).

• The unshared pair (the two orange dots

not connected to the hydrogen) are kept
separate from the bonds.
• Count the electrons (shared and
not).
• Nitrogen = 8 electrons
• Hydrogen = 2 electrons

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Is it always perfect?
•x

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Any other weird ones?
•x

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Hydrocarbons & Alcohols

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 It gets cooler…

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 And then…

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 What YOU need to know:
• Be able to recognize more BASIC structures.
• Count the number of electrons being shared.
• Recognize single, double, and triple bonds.
• You will have to be able to generate some basic structure
for binary covalent structures.

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 You want to learn more?
• VSEPR Shape rules. (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion)
• Involves BOND ANGLES for atom to atom.
• Unshared pairs push down on shared pairs. And shared pairs push away from each
other.
• Gives a 3-D structure for the molecule.
• Very cool, but not necessarily needed for INTRO-Level Chemistry. (You may
learn this in detail in AP Chem or College Chem.)
• Does help with understanding polarity, but that is about it (for our needs).
• You can just as easily explain that with electronegativity.

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 What does VSEPR look like?

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Learn more…
• Here is a VIDEO on YouTube to help with this concept.

• Check it out!

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Polarity in Molecules
• Covalent compounds share electrons. But not always
equally.
• If higher electronegative nonmetals are positioned just
right in a molecule (structure is useful here), then they can “hog
their time” with the shared electrons.
• Electrons, being negative, cause a higher concentration of
“partial negative charge” on those greedy nonmetals.
• The others, who are not so fortunate, generate a ”partial
positive charge” since they are missing that negative charge.
Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Polar Molecules
• Common examples are:
• Water – H2O --------- the oxygen is the greedy one.
• This is why water is such a good solvent.
• Also, why it beads like it does, freezes in snow]lakes, reacts in its way, ice ]loats, etc.
• Ammonia – NH3 ------- the nitrogen is the greedy one.
• Very soluble in water (common household cleaner).
• Most alcohols ----- the oxygen and carbons are misshaping the sharing is caring thing
(structure isn’t all that symmetrical, either).
• Again, very soluble in water. Ethyl alcohol, (popular part of an ADULT human beverage) is a solute
in water.
• A lot of your carbohydrates are also polar, again, due to their uneven shape, like sugars.
• All ionic compounds are “considered” polar (BUT THEY ARE NOT MOLECULES!!)

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Nonpolar Molecules
• These have an EQUAL sharing of electrons across the
particle. Meaning no areas of extra negativity or
positivity occur.
• These are hard to dissolve in polar substances.
• Noble gases.
• Diatomic molecules.
• Carbon dioxide.
• Many hydrocarbons (usually balanced ones like Benzene).
• Parts of gasoline (again, those balanced hydrocarbons).
• Methane in particular.
• Most organic molecules.
Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Mixing Polar & Nonpolar.
• The saying is “like dissolves like”.
• Alcohol is soluble in water.
• Sugar is soluble in water or alcohol.
• Carbon dioxide is soluble in nitrogen gas (N2).
• Why many atmospheres evenly distribute their gases for the most part.
• If you mix the “unalikes” it is problematic.
• Often need special buffers to keep them together.
• Example: Gasoline is a mixture of hydrocarbons and buffer compounds that eventually breaks
down, making water, then that water, being polar, pushes the hydrocarbons out.
• Gasoline has a shelf life. Will break down and make a lot of water. Old gas ruins gas engines.
• Soda has CO2 dissolved in sugar water. Need high pressure and cold to keep it in solution. As
it warms and is decompressed, the gas escapes, making a FLAT soda.

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 CW and HW!
• Let’s take a look at CW 3: Covalent Compounds &
Structures.
• Time dependent, due TONIGHT by midnight (may change to
NEXT TIME).

• At this time, HW 4 is assigned.

• All material is covered now for Unit 4. Quiz coming soon on today’s material.
• Complete the homework soon.
• Due NEXT TIME by midnight (time after that for extended time.)
Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 HW 4 (for Unit 4) e shift
at
he due d
• OfEicially assigned. Not
hap
e
p
t
e ning!

• Due next meeting day by midnight (Day 6).

• Extended time accommodation, the next (Day 7 MN).

• Be sure you are reading through the TEXTBOOK part 2 (Covalent

Material!) Probably help BEFORE you do your homework!

• Check out the other videos in the Video Section in the module (toward top).
Videos are color coded to match the day material is taught. (YELLOW BOXES INDICATE RELEVANCE TO TODAY!)

Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 A structured
• You were assigned today:
• CW 3 – Covalent Compounds &
Structure
• U4HW4 – Covalent Bonding
• Reading:
• Textbook Part 2 (Covalent
Compounds)
• Past work:
• U4HW1 (LOCKING OUT!) • VIDEOS… watch them! (Yellow
• CW 1 – Binary Ionic Naming/Formulas squares!)
• U4HW2 (LATE) • QUIZ on HW 4 and CW 3 NEXT
• CW 2 – Polyatomics
• U4HW3 – Ternary Ionic Bonding (LATE)
TIME!!!!
Day 5: Covalent Compounds & Structures Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 ADVISORY
• Check your grades. Progress reports are submitted
today.

•Sign up for FIT for TH, and F.

• This is an A-week.
 A-Day: 8 Nov B-Day: 7 Nov

Day 6: Formulate A Name Oh Compound!

• Check out Blend, hit up the Module for TODAY. • Group
• You should have reviewed most of the videos, Leaders:
text, etc., for Unit 4. Check the websites!! • Quiz and
Review Day.
• Lab next time,
• Grab a REVIEW! (You will work on those remind your
AFTER the quiz!) groups we
need pennies!
• Exam 4 is in TWO class days. Shiny ones!
• Lab NEXT TIME. REMINDER! We need pennies!
• NEW SEATS! Check Door for seating!!!!
Day 6: Practice & Review Day Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
Make-up for Ionic Quiz
• The following folks need to make up the IONIC QUIZ (see
assignments tab in Blend). (Your initials)
• V.A-R. N.A. A.F.
• B.G. K.H. D.I.
• S.J. C.M-J. S.Moore.
• C.P. F.R-A. G.S.
• M.S. S.S. H.V.

• Open Note Quiz parameters apply (no google or outside

Blend websites. No PowerPoint slides.)
• Code: sodium
 Objec=ve(s):
• Today we will:
• Quiz ourselves on our ability to write formulas and name covalent
compounds.
• Review the main concepts and ideas that we have learned this unit,
preparing for our exam in TWO class days.

Day 6: Practice & Review Day Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Quiz – Covalent Compounds
• OPEN NOTE QUIZ. No PowerPoint. No outside Blend (google,
etc.) --> any infraction = zero.
• 2 attempts.

• Advanced CODE: salt

• On-Level CODE: molecule

Day 6: Practice & Review Day Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Exam Review
• Help each other out.
• Use the videos in Blend, the notes, etc.

• Have completed before the exam, bring to it for up to 5% bonus

on the test.

Day 6: Practice & Review Day Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 X
•x

Day 6: Practice & Review Day Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 A structured
• You were assigned today:
•x • Quiz: Covalent Stuff
• Reading Focus!:
• Textbook Part 2 (Covalent
Compounds)
• Past work: • VIDEOS… watch them! All of
•
•
CW 1 – Binary Ionic Naming/Formulas (LATE)
U4HW2 (LATE) them!
• CW 2 – Polyatomics (LATE)
• U4HW3 – Ternary Ionic Bonding (LATE)
• CW 3 – Covalent (DUE)
• U4HW4 – Covalent Bonding (DUE)
• LAB 1 (Late or DUE)
• QUIZ 1 (Ionic Compounds) DUE! (Get it made-up if missed)

Day 6: Practice & Review Day Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 A-Day: 10 Nov B-Day: 9 Nov

Day 7: Take a penny, leave a penny…

• Group Leaders:
• It’s a lab day!
• Check out Blend, hit up the Module for TODAY. Get folks in
gear. Bags
• You should have reviewed most of the videos, under tables.
Hair pulled
text, etc., for Unit 4. Check the websites!! back, etc.,
• Be sure your
sub groups
• Keep up with work! There is a CHECKLIST have shared
information for
at the top of the module! lab.

• Lab documents in Boxes. ONLY ONE PAPER

COPY per SUB GROUP (2-3 folks).
Day 7: Another Lab Day!!! Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Objec8ve(s)
•Today we will:
• Explore compounds in a lab designed to:
• Understand the types of bonding we have covered.
• Dig deeper in the idea of chemical reactions, alloy
building, and other manipulations of solids in solution.
• Grant a base level understanding of galvanization and
metal plating processes.

Day 7: Another Lab Day!!! Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Penny Lab
• Someone in each group open the lab document in BLEND
(download it, don’t just open in blend, sometimes messes
with word _iles).
• The paper copy is where you will put all your
answers/information.
• Divide up the work (pre-lab, looking up question/concepts,
etc…)
• Read through the instructions carefully before you begin.
Day 7: Another Lab Day!!! Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Safety
• We will be using Uire to heat our pennies. Be mindful of Uire safety
procedures.
• Do not over squeeze or overheat the penny (seconds at a time).
• When dealing with the NaOH bath, be careful of splashing or
where the strong base goes. (Will be stored in the fume hood for
safety.)
• Be sure to rinse off all pennies well AND dry them before you
keep them for good. (again, that NaOH stuff)
• If you get stuff on your Uingers, wash your hands immediately.
May feel soapy before you do since NaOH is a base.
Day 7: Another Lab Day!!! Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Working on the QuesLons
• Some information will need to be looked up. Be sure you
have strong answers with good sentence structure.

• The end of the lab has not just a CONCLUSION but an

ABSTRACT now. (each worth 10%)
• Abstracts are generally the preview of a science publication. Soon we will have
that as the START of our labs. So, we are practicing it here. (Look up how to write
a scientiVic abstract.)

Day 7: Another Lab Day!!! Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Exam is next 8me!
• Be sure to bring your review to the test. Get that 5%
bonus!

• We will have vocab after (per the usual) and we will do a

soft start on Unit 5 the next day.

• STUDY!!!
Day 7: Another Lab Day!!! Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 A structured
• You were assigned today:
• Lab 2: Penny Lab
• Reading Focus!:
• Textbook Part 2 (Covalent
Compounds)
• Past work: • VIDEOS… watch them! All of
•
•
CW 1 – Binary Ionic Naming/Formulas (LATE)
U4HW2 (LATE) them!
• CW 2 – Polyatomics (LATE)
•
•
U4HW3 – Ternary Ionic Bonding (LATE)
U4HW4 – Covalent Bonding (DUE)
• EXAM IS NEXT TIME!!!
• LAB 1 (Late or DUE)
• QUIZ 1 (Ionic Compounds) DUE! (Get it made-up if missed)

Day 7: Another Lab Day!!! Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 A-Day: 15 Nov B-Day: 14 Nov

Day 8: Don’t be a mess, just assess!

• Group Leaders:
• If your group all
• Check out Blend, hit up the Module for TODAY. passed the required
percentage last
exam, you have
• You should have reviewed most of the videos, points that can
apply to this one.
text, etc., for Unit 4. Check the websites!! • Doing well on THIS
exam will grant
you points to your
group (or yourself)
on Unit 5!
• Exam 4 is today. Get your reviews out.

• Be ready to start your UNIT 5 Vocab AFTER the

exam.
Day 8: Exam Day Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 OBJECTIVE(s)
•Today we will:
•Assess our skills at naming compounds and
writing formulas.
•Focused on ionic (binary and ternary) and
covalent.
•Begin our preparation for Unit 5.
Day 8: Exam Day Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature
 Exam – Unit 4 – Bonding and Nomenclature
• Exam procedure in place. (Only the HELP PAGE may be used.)

• When you _inish, click NEXT PAGE (or _ind at bottom of

module) for the Blend page about Unit 5 Vocab and Preview.
Magneto
Anubis Nebu

•Academic Code: autumn

Eliza

Day 8: Exam Day Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature

 Post-Exam Instruc=ons
• Click NEXT PAGE after test OR ^ind the Vocab Unit 5 Info Page
(bottom of Unit 4 module by the exam… OR (if up), top of Unit 5
module).

• Vocab is to HANDWRITTEN (de^ine the terms) and DUE BY

MIDNIGHT of NEXT CLASS (THURS/FRI this week!)

• You should totally READ THROUGH the text chapter as SOON as

YOU can! (Linked in the same INFO PAGE).
Day 8: Practice & Review Day Unit 4: Bonding & Nomenclature