PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN FORM 4: CHAPTER 2 ANTHONY TAN

CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION I

2.1 Linear Motion

1. Motion is defined as continuous change of position of a body.
2. Linear motion is a motion along a straight line path.
3. Linear motion is a motion in one direction.
4. Types of linear motion:
(a) Uniform linear motion where an object is stationary or moving with uniform/constant velocity or zero
acceleration.
(b) Non-uniform linear motion where an object is moving with changes in velocity or acceleration.

Terminology
Physical quantity Definition Quantity Symbol and
unit
Distance, s Total path length travelled from one location to scalar metre, m
another.
Dsiplacement, s (a) The distance in a specified direction.
(b) The distance between two locations measured
along the shortest path connecting them in a vector metre, m
specific direction.
(c) The distance of its final position from its initial
position in a specified direction.
Speed, v Rate of change of distance travelled
Distance travelled scalar m s–1
Speed =
Time taken
Velocity, v Rate of change of displacement
Displacement vector m s–1
Velocity =
Time taken
Direction of velocity is the direction of displacement
Average speed, v Total distance travelled, s
v= scalar m s–1
Total time taken, t
Average velocity, v Displacement, s
v= vector m s–1
Time takan, t
Uniform speed Speed that remains the same in magnitude regardless
of its direction. scalar m s–1
Uniform velocity Velocity that remains the same in magnitude and vektor m s–1
direction
Rate of change of velocity
Acceleration, a a=
Change in velocity 𝑣𝑣−𝑢𝑢
= 𝑡𝑡 vector m s–2
Time taken
Velocity increases at a uniform rate.
Constant/uniform When a car moves at a constant or uniform vector m s–2
acceleration acceleration of 5 m s–2, its velocity increases by 5 m
s–1 for every second that the car is in motion.

1
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN FORM 4: CHAPTER 2 ANTHONY TAN

Comparisons between distance and displacement

Distance Displacement
Total path length travelled from one The distance between two locations measured along the
location to another shortest path connecting them in specific direction
Magnitude depends on the route covered by Magnitude is the straight line distance between the initial
the object position and the final position
Scalar quantity Vector quantity
It has magnitude but no direction It has both magnitude and direction
SI unit: metre SI unit: metre

Comparisons between speed and velocity

Speed Velocity
The rate of change in distance The rate of change in displacement
Scalar quantity Vector quantity
It has magnitude but no direction It has both magnitude and direction
SI unit: m s–1 SI unit: m s–1

While driving, it is observed that

(a) at times, the reading on the speedometer remains constant

The car is moving at uniform speed/velocity because its rate of change of distance/displacement remains the
same.
(b) at other times, the reading on the speedometer varies even along straight roads.

The car is moving at non-uniform velocity because its rate of change of displacement is increasing, i.e.
acceleration.

Note:
1. Distance always longer than or equal displacement.
2. A car moves at an average speed/velocity of 18 m s–1 means on average, the car moves a
distance/displacement of 18 m in 1 second for the whole journey.
3. The speedometer of a car doesn’t tell you the car’s average speed. The pointer indicates the speed of the
car at that instant – its instantaneous speed.
4. A stationary body or body at rest is with zero velocity.
5. A body moving in the opposite direction is having negative velocity.
6. Uniform means fixed or constant or the same.
7. An object has a non-uniform velocity if
(a) the direction of motion changes or the motion is not linear.
(b) the magnitude of its velocity changes.
8. Acceleration is positive if the velocity of an object increase from an initial velocity, u to a higher final
velocity, v.

2
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN FORM 4: CHAPTER 2 ANTHONY TAN

9. Deceleration is when the acceleration is negative and this happen when the velocity of an object
decreases from an initial velocity, u to a lower final velocity, v.
10. A negative acceleration means deceleration/retardation or acceleration in the opposite direction.
11. A body moving with constant velocity is having zero acceleration.

Food for taught

Does a car experience a constant velocity and a constant acceleration when moving at a constant speed at a
roundabout?
Coffee shop Ahmad’s house
Example 1
Every day Ahmad walks from his house to the junction
which is 2.4 km from his house. Then he turns back and
stops at coffee shop Pak Mat which is 0.8 km from his
house.
(a) What is Ahmad’s displacement from his house
(i) when he reaches the junction?

(ii) when he is at coffee shop Pak Mat?

0.8 km 2.4 km
(b) After breakfast, Ahmad walks back to his house. When he reaches home,
(i) what is the total distance travelled by Ahamd?

(ii) what is Ahmad’s total displacement from his house?

Example 2
Diagram shows Ali’s run from A to B and then back to C. The total time taken is 25 s.
Determine the
(a) total distance

(b) displacement

(c) speed

(d) velocity
of Ali’s motion.

Example 3
Every morning Agnes walks to Swee Lin’s house which is situated 50 m to the east of Agnes’s house. They
then walk towards their school which is 120 m to the south of Swee Lin’s house.
(a) What is the distance travelled by Agnes and her displacement from her house?

(b) If the total time taken by Agnes to travel from his house to Swee Lin’s house and then to school is 25
minutes, what is her speed and velocity?

3
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN FORM 4: CHAPTER 2 ANTHONY TAN

Example 4
The speedometer reading for a car travelling north shows 80 km/hr. Another car is travelling at 80 km/hr
towards south.
(a) Is the speed of both cars the same?

(b) Is the velocity of both cars the same?

Exercises (Kinematics)
1. An athlete ran 400 m in 1 minute 12 seconds to The driver then slows down the car and stops 5
complete the race. What is his average speed in m seconds later. Find the
s–1? (a) acceleration of the car in the first 10 seconds,

2. A racing car completes a 12 km lap of a course in (b) acceleration of the car in the last 5 seconds.
exactly 4 minutes. Calculate its average speed in 5. A ball is thrown vertically upwards with a
km/s, m/s and km/hour. velocity of 20 m s–1 and after 4 s it returns to the
same position with a velocity of 20 m s–1
downwards. Calculate the acceleration of the ball
during these four seconds.

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
6. Which physical quantity is equal to 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
?

A Speed B Velocity
C Distance D Acceleration
3. Diagram shows Ahmad taking 3.5 minutes to
walk to the sundry shop located 400 m to the 7. Diagram shows Ali stands at O. He walks
right of her house. After half a minute, he buys a towards A, then moves towards B and stops at B.
packet of biscuit and walks to the playground
located 300 m from the sundry shop in 1.5
minutes. He sits and rests on a bench in the
playground for 1 minute. Then, using a shortcut
to return to her house. Ahmad reaches his house
in 2.5 minutes. What is the displacement of Ali?
(a) What is the average velocity of the motion of A 2 m towards west
Ahmad from B 5 m towards east
(i) house to the sundry shop? C 7 m towards east

(ii) sundry shop to the playground? 8. Diagram shows the route takan by a radio car to
monitor the security of a neighbourhood. The
(iii)playground to the house? radio car started moving at point P.

(b) Calculate Ahmad’s average speed.

4. A car starts at rest and accelerates uniformly and

achieves a velocity of 40 m s–1 in 10 seconds.

4
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN FORM 4: CHAPTER 2 ANTHONY TAN

What is the displacement of the radio car at 9.30 (a) Name the type of a physical quantity shown
pm? on the speedometer above. [1]
A 0 km B 5.0 km
C 7.5 km D 16.0 km
(b) Give one reason for your answer in 1(a)
above. [1]
9. Diagram shows a speedometer on a dashboard of
a car. The unit used is km h–1.
(c) What is the reading of the speedometer
shown in SI unit? [2]

Analysing from ticker tape or tape chart

1. A common way of analyzing motion of object is to perform a ticker tape analyse.

2. A ticker timer is an instrument used to study the motion in a short time interval.
3. It is connected to a 12 V a.c. power supply of frequency 50 Hz.
4. It consists of a small electrical vibrator.
5. The metal strip vibrates 50 times in 1 second when connected to the power supply.
6. Every time the pin moves downwards, it presses on a carbonized ticker tape and makes a dot on the tape.
7. The timer prints dots on a tape at a steady rate of 50 dots per second.
8. The tape is attached to a moving object and the dots on the tape form a complete record of the motion of
the object.
9. The time interval between one carbon dot and the next one on the ticker tape is known as 1 dot-space of
time or 1 tick (time interval between two adjacent dots).
𝟏𝟏
10. 1 tick (time interval between two adjacent dots) = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 second = 0.02 s and 1 ten-tick of time = 10 x 0.02
= 0.2 s.
𝟏𝟏
11. One dot-space is the distance travelled by an object in 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 second or 0.02 second.
12. The spacing of the dots depends on how fast the tape is pulled through the timer.
13. The accuracy for ticker timer is 0.02 second.
14. To make a tape chart, the tape is marked and cut into ten-dot lengths from the start.
15. With the dots on each length, each length takes the same time to pass through the timer.
16. Each length is a measure of the speed at that part of the tape.
17. The tape lengths are fixed side-by-side to make a tape chart.
18. The ticker timer can be used to determine
(a) short time interval of a motion
(b) displacement of an object
(c) velocity of an object
(d) acceleration of an object
(e) type of motion of an object

5
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN FORM 4: CHAPTER 2 ANTHONY TAN

Types of motion
Ticker tape Motion of the object
• Dots are closed to each other.
• Object moving slowly with constant speed.
• Acceleration is zero.
• Dots are farther apart.
• Object moving fast with constant speed.
• Acceleration is zero.
• Dots getting closer.
• Object moving with decreasing velocity.
• Object decelerates.

• Dots getting farther.

• Object moving with increasing velocity.
• Object accelerates.

If a longer ticker tape is used, a large number of dots can be recorded on the ticker tape. As such, the ticker
tape can be divided into strips with an equal number of ticks.This strips are cut and attached side by side on a
piece of graph paper to form a ticker tape chart.

• Constant tick length.

• All 10-tick lengths are of the same length.
• Motion with constant or uniform velocity or zero acceleration.

• Tick length increases uniformly.

• Length of 10-tick lengths increases uniformly.
• Motion with velocity that increases uniformly.
• Motion with uniform or constant acceleration.

7.0 Length / cm • Tick length decreases uniformly.

6.0
5.0
• Length of 10-tick lengths decreases uniformly.
4.0 • Motion with velocity that decreases uniformly.
3.0
• Motion with uniform or constant deceleration.
2.0
Time

Other than ticker timer, photogate system and electronic timer can be used to study linear motion more
accurately.

6
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN FORM 4: CHAPTER 2 ANTHONY TAN

Calculation involving ticker tape

Example 5 Example 6
Calculate the velocity from the ticker tape shown. Calculate the acceleration from the ticker tape shown.

Displacement, s = Initial velocity, u =

Time taken, t = Final velocity, v =

Velocity, v = Time taken for the change in velocity, t =

Acceleration, a =

Concept review
Ticker tape:
1. Shows a comprehensive record of the motion of the trolley that pulls the ticker tape through the ticker
timer.
2. The vibration metal strip makes 50 dots on the ticker tape per second.
3. The time interval between two successive dots is called a tick.
4. 50 ticks are made on the ticker tape in 1 second.
5. The duration of 1 tick is 1/50 = 0.02 s.

Analysis of the ticker tape (Type of motion)

The motion of an object can be deduced by studying the ticks formed on the ticker tape.
Gap between successive dots Type of motion
Uniform but small Low but uniform velocity
Uniform but big High but uniform velocity
Increasing in size Velocity increases, object is accelerating
Decreasing in size Velocity decreases, object is decelerating
length of n ticks
Average velocity =
time for n ticks
𝑣𝑣−𝑢𝑢
Acceleration, a = where t = (total number of ticks – 1) x 0.02 s
𝑡𝑡

Exercises (Calculation involving ticker tape and tape chart)

1. Base on the strip of ticker tape, determine the Direction of motion

8 cm
(a) total time taken,
3. Every interval AB, BC, CD and DE consists of
5 ticks.
Direction of motion
(b) average velocity.

2. Base on the strip of ticker tape, determine the

acceleration. Determine the acceleration.
7
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION I ANTHONY TAN
C I, II and IV D I, II, III and IV
Length of 10-tick strips/cm
9. Diagram shows the position of four points
marked on the floor. A student is asked to move
from point P to S, through Q and R.

4. Base on the tape chart shown, determine the

(a) acceleration,
Which of the following represents the
displacement of the student?
(b) average velocity. A PS B PQS C PRS D PQRS

10. Diagram shows the path travelled by a car from

P to S.

5. The diagram shows a strip of ticker tape

obtained from the motion of an object. If the
frequency of the supply is 50 Hz, what is the
acceleration of the object?
What is the displacement of the car?
A 5.0 km B 6.8 km
C 8.2 km D 9.0 km

11. Diagram shows a trolley placed on a track. The

track is friction compensated when the gradient
is adjusted until

6. Base on the diagram, find the

(a) average velocity,

(b) acceleration of the object. A the speed increases

B the speed decreases
C the speed becomes constant
7. A tick on a ticker timer is D the trolley becomes stationary
A the time to make two dots on the ticker tape
B the distance between two consecutive dots 12. Base on the diagram, what type of motion is
on the ticker tape shown by the ticker tape?
C the vibrating frequency of the ticker timer Direction of motion
D the vibrating speed of the ticker timer

8. Which quantities can be obtained by analysing

the ticker tape result from the experiment about
the motion of a trolley using a ticker timer? A Motion with increasing velocity and
I Time of motion of the trolley decreasing acceleration
II Distance travelled by the trolley B Motion with increasing velocity and
III Speed of the trolley constant acceleration
IV Acceleration of the trolley C Motion with increasing velocity and
A I and II B III and IV increasing acceleration
8
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION I ANTHONY TAN
D Motion with constant velocity and constant
acceleration

13. Diagram shows a ticker tape for a motion of an 17. Diagram shows the tape chart obtained from the
object. motion of the trolley. Every portion of the ticker
tape contains 5 ticks.
Length of ticker tape/cm

Which statement describes the situation?

A The object accelerates then constant velocity
B The object decelerates then constant velocity
C The object moves with constant velocity
then accelerates
Number of
D The object moves with constant velocity ticks
then decelerates What is the acceleration of the trolley if the
frequency of the ticker timer is 50 Hz?
A 20 cm s–2 B 200 cm s–2
14. Which tape shows a movement with uniform –2
velocity and then deceleration? C 240 cm s D 400 cm s–2

18. A student carries out four different experiments

by using a trolley, ticker timer and others. For
every experiment, he obtains a tape chart from
the ticker tape by cutting it into a length of 5
dots space. Which tape chart shows the trolley
is moving with uniform acceleration from a
stationary position?

15. Diagram shows a strip of ticker tape pulled

through the ticker timer by a trolley moving
down the slope. If the ticker timer is making 50
dots per second,
A B

the acceleration of the trolley is

A 2.5 m s–2 B 5.0 m s–2
C 7.5 m s–2 D 10.0 m s–2
HOTS

16. Diagram shows the dots make by a ticker timer C D

on a ticker tape which attached to a moving toy
car. The time for every 10 ticks as denoted by 19. Tape charts below show the ticker tape
the letters PQ, QR, RS and ST is 0.2 second. obtained from different types of motion. Each
strip of the ticker tape is a length of 10 dots
space. Which tape chart shows the motion in
increasing acceleration?

The uniform acceleration of the toy car is

A 5 cm s–2 B 20 cm s–2
C 37 cm s–2 D 50 cm s–2

9
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION I ANTHONY TAN

Length/cm Length/cm

(a) Underline the correct answer in the bracket

to complete the sentence below.

Length/cm Length/cm
The type of current used in the ticker timer
is (direct current, alternating current). [1]

(b) Based on Diagram (ii)

(i) one tick is represented by the time taken
HOTS from point ……… to point …… [1]
20. Diagram shows the tape chart obtained in a
motion. Each strip of the ticker tape consists of (ii) compare the distance between PQ and
10 ticks. ST. [1]
Length of
ticker tape/cm
(iii)state the type of motion of the trolley.[1]

22. Diagram shows a ticker tape with 5 ticks

obtained from an experiment.

Beginning Middle of End of

of motion motion motion (a) One tick is the time taken from P to ….. [1]
Which of the following is true about the motion? (b) Complete the following sentence by ticking
() the correct answer in the box provided.
The ticker tape can be analysed to determine
Distance and speed of an object
Force and momentum of an object

(c) (i) What is the type of motion shown by the

ticker tape in the diagram? [1]
21. Diagram (i) shows a trolley moving down an
inclined plane. The ticker timer vibrates at
frequency 50 Hz. (ii) Give one reason for your answer in
Diagram (ii) shows the ticker tape produced by (c)(i). [1]
the motion of the trolley.

10
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION I ANTHONY TAN

23. Diagram shows a part of the ticker tape obtained

from the motion of a trolley on an incline plane.
The frequency of the ticker timer used is 50 Hz.

Based on the Diagram, explain the type of

(a) What is the meaning of 1 tick? [1] motion from W to Y. [3]

(b) Calculate the initial velocity of the trolley.

[2]

(c) Based on the ticker tape in the Diagram,

state the type of motion of that trolley. [1]

24. Diagram (i) and Diagram (ii) show two ticker

tapes with different lengths produced by the
motion of two trolleys.

(a) What is the meaning of length? [1]

(b) Based on Diagram (i) and Diagram (ii),

compare
(i) the number of ticks [1]

(ii) the length of the ticker tapes [1]

(iii)average speed. [1]

(c) Using your answer in (b), state the

relationship between the length of a ticker
tape and average speed. [1]

(d) Diagram shows a ticker tape chart produced

from the motion of a trolley.

11
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION I ANTHONY TAN

Equations of motion
1. Calculations involving the displacement, velocity, acceleration and time of motion of a moving object
are the equation of motion.
2. Diagram shows a car moving with uniform acceleration.

3. Five physical quantities of linear motion with uniform acceleration can be expressed as four linear
motion equations.
4. These equations are derived from the definitions of average velocity and acceleration.
5. The four equations of motion are:
𝑢𝑢+𝑣𝑣
(i) 𝑠𝑠 = ( 2
)𝑡𝑡
(ii) v = u + at
(iii) s = ut + ½ at2
(iv) v2 = u2 + 2as
6. For an object travelling with a uniform velocity, v = u and a = 0, the four equations are reduced to s = ut.

Calculation involving equations of motion

Example 7
A car moves from rest with an acceleration of 3 m (ii) the displacement.
s–2 for 10 s, Calculate the
(i) velocity after 10 s?
(ii) total displacement after 10 s. Example 9
u = 0, a = 3 m s–2, t = 10 s Muttu rides a motor bike at a velocity of 14 m s–1.
He sees an obstacle in front of him and brakes
Example 8 suddenly and stops after a distance of 5 m. What is
A 100 m runner moves through a point with velocity the acceleration of Muttu and his motor bike?
0.5 m s–1. After 5 seconds, the velocity has reached
10 m s–1. Calculate
(i) the acceleration of the runner,

2.2 Linear motion graphs and their interpretation

Displacement-time graph
1. A displacement-time graph shows how the displacement of an object changes with time.
2. The gradient of a displacement-time graph represents the velocity of the object.

Velocity-time graph
1. A velocity-time graph shows how the velocity of an object changes with time.
2. The gradient of a velocity-time graph represents the acceleration of the object.
3. The area under a velocity-time graf represents the distance travelled by the object.

12
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION I ANTHONY TAN
(a) Motion graphs for uniform velocity
The velocity throughout the motion is the same and the acceleration in motion is zero.

v s a

t t t
(i) Area under the graph Gradient = acceleration = 0 The length of the strips of the
=distance travelled velocity of the object ticker tape is the same
(ii) Gradient
= acceleration = 0

(b) Motion graphs for uniform acceleration

The velocity increases in the motion while the acceleration of motion is constant
v s a

t
(i) Area under the graph t t
=distance travelled Gradient at a point Acceleration The length of the strips of the
(ii) Gradient = instantaneous = positive ticker tape increases
= acceleration velocity at that uniformly
(iii)Intersection of v-axis moment
= initial velocity = u

(c) Motion graphs for uniform deceleration

The velocity decreases in the motion while the acceleration of motion is constant and negative.
v s a
u
t

t t
(i) Area under the graph Gradient at a point Acceleration The length of the strips of the
= distance travelled = instantaneous = negative ticker tape decreases
Gradient = acceleration velocity at that uniformly
moment
(ii) Intersection of v-axis
= initial velocity = u

(d) Motion with non-uniform velocity

s s
• Gradient of the tangent • Gradient of the tangent
increases. decreases.
• Velocity increases. • Velocity decreases.
• Motion with non-uniform • Motion with non-uniform
acceleration. deceleration.
t t
v

13
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION I ANTHONY TAN
v
• Gradient of the tangent • Gradient of the tangent
increases. decreases
• Acceleration increases. • Acceleration decreases
• Motion with increasing • Motion with decreasing
t acceleration. t acceleration.

Calculation involving motion graph

Example 10 Diagram shows the linear motion of a bicycle.
Diagram shows the initial position and the final The velocity-time graph shows the motion of the
position of a motorcycle ridden to the right (positive bicycle.
direction) and then to the left (negative direction).
The displacement-time graph in the diagram shows
the linear motion of the motorcycle.

Interpretation:
Time interval 0 - 2 s:
20−10
Acceleration = Gradient of graph = 2−0
= 5 m s–2
Time interval 2 – 4 s:
0−20
Interpretation: Acceleration = Gradient of graph = 4−2
Section AB: = -10 m s–2
Displacement in 5 s = 100 m (The velocity of the bicycle gradually decreased, the
100
Velocity = gradient of graph = 5 = 20 m s–1 bicycle decelerates at 10 m s–2 in the same direction)
Section BC:
Time interval 4 – 6 s:
Motorcycle stops for 3 s. −20−0
Acceleration = Gradient of graph = 6−4
Velocity = Gradient of graph = 0
= -10 m s–2
Section CD:
(The velocity of the bicycle gradually increased, the
Motorcycle returns to initial position in 4 s bicycle accelerates at 10 m s–2 in the opposite
0−100
Velocity = gradient of graph = 12−8 = -25 m s–1 direction)
Velocity of motorcycle is 25 m s–1 to the left
Section DE: Time interval 6 – 8 s:
Motorcycle is stationary at initial position for 2 s.
Acceleration = Gradient of graph = 0
Velocity = Gradient of graph = 0 (The bicycle is moving with uniform velocity in
Section EF: the opposite direction)
Motorcycle is ridden to the left for a distance of
50 m for 6 s.
−50−0 Time interval 8 – 10 s:
Velocity = gradient of graph = 20−14 = -8.33 m s–1 0−(−20)
Acceleration = Gradient of graph = 10−8
Total Distance travelled = 100 + 100 + 50 = 250 m = 10 m s–2
Displacement = 100 + (-100) + (-50) = - 50 m
250 (The velocity of the bicycle gradually decreased, the
Average speed = 20 = 12.5 m s–1 bicycle decelerates at 10 m s–2 in the opposite
−50
Average velocity = 20
= -2.5 m s–1 direction)
Example 11

14
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION I ANTHONY TAN

Concept review

1.
2. Displacement-time graphs
 To show the displacement of an object changes with time
 Can determine the displacement of an object at any time
 Can determine the time taken for an object to cover certain displacement
3. Velocity-time graphs
 To show how the velocity of a moving object changes with time
 Can determine the displacement of an object at any time
4. Summary of Motion Graphs
Displacement-time graph Velocity-time graph
Gradient Velocity Acceleration
Area under the graph - Displacement

Exercise (Equations and graphs of motion)

1. A rocket is uniformly accelerated from rest to a
speed of 960 m s–1 in 1.5 minutes. Calculate
the distance travelled.

2. A bicycle rider accelerates from rest to a

velocity of 8 m s–1 in 5 s. Calculate the
acceleration of the rider.
What is the velocity of the toy car?
A 1.5 m s–1 B 3.0 m s–1
3. A motor car is uniformly decelerated from 90 C 7.5 m s–1 D 9.0 m s–1
km h–1 to 18 km h–1 in a time of 10 s. Calculate
the acceleration. 7. Diagram shows a graph of an object that moves
towards a target and returns to its original
position.
4. A car moves with a velocity of 20 m s–1 and
achieves a velocity of 30 m s–1 after travelling
for 10 s. What is the total displacement of the
car?

5. A lorry is made to rest from a velocity of 54

km h–1 in 25 s. What is the retardation of the
lorry? What is the displacement of the object?
A 0m B 20 m
C 40 m D 160 m
6. Diagram shows a displacement-time graph of a
toy car.

15
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION I ANTHONY TAN
HOTS

8. Diagram shows a car moving up a hill. The car 11. If the distance-time graph of an object in
decelerates as it moves up the hill and motion is a straight line passing through the
accelerates as it moves down the hill. origin, which statements are correct?
I The object is moving with uniform
velocity
II The distance travelled is given by the area
under the graph
III The velocity can be obtained from the
gradient of the graph
Which graph shows the correct relationship IV The object is falling from rest due to
between the velocity, v, of the car and the time, gravity
t, of the motion? A I and III B II and IV
C I, II and III D IV only

12. Diagram shows the velocity-time graph.

9. Diagram shows a velocity-time graph for an

object that is in motion.
Find the distance travelled between t = 2 s and t
v / cm s-1 = 6 s.
A 5m B 20 m
C 80 m D 90 m
HOTS

13. Diagram is a speed-time graph for the motion of

an object in 16 seconds.
t/s
The total distance travelled in the first three Speed/m s–1
seconds is
A 6.0 cm B 7.0 cm
C 8.0 cm D 10.0 cm

10. Diagram shows a velocity-time graph for a

motion of an object.
Velocity
/ m s–1 Time/s

What is the average speed of the object?

A 8 m s–1 B 16 m s–1
C 20 m s–1 D 24 m s–1
HOTS

14. An object is thrown vertically upward with

Time/s
initial velocity, u and achieved a maximum
height in time, T.
What is the displacement of the object?
Which velocity-time graph correctly shows the
A 12 m B 18 m C 24 m D 36 m motion of the object?
16
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION I ANTHONY TAN

A B

C D

HOTS

18. Ali is driving his bike with a constant speed of

30 km h–1. Bakar completed 100 m in 15 s.
HOTS
Chan riding his bicycle for 240 km in 10 hours.
15. Three remote control toy cars, P, Q and R are Which of the following shows the comparison
released simultaneously in an experiment. The of the speed correctly?
motion of each car is represented by the A The speed of Ali is the same as the speed of
velocity-time graph as shown in the diagram. Bakar
B The speed of Chan is more than the speed of
Bakar
C The speed of Ali and Chan is more than the
speed of Bakar
D The speed of Bakar is the same as the speed
After 5 s, which of the car is moving in the of Chan but less than the speed of Ali
arrangement of increasing distance?
A P, Q, R B P, R, Q 19. Diagram shows the velocity-time graph for the
C Q, P, R D R, P, Q motion an object.

16. An object starts to move with initial velocity 26

m s–1 and continue to accelerate with constant
acceleration 8 m s–2 for 25 seconds. What is the
total distance travelled?
A 5 250 m B 5 200 m
C 3 150 m D 2 500 m Which graph represents the motion of the
HOTS
object?
17. Diagram shows the velocity-time graph for the
motion of a racing car.
v/m s-1

HOTS

20. Diagram shows the velocity-time graph for the

0 motion of an object.
t/s
Velocity/m s-1

Which of the acceleration, a, against time, t,

graphs shows the motion of the racing car

t/s

What is the displacement of the object in 6 s?

A 40 m B 50 m C 80 m D 100 m
17
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION I ANTHONY TAN

21. Which graph shows uniform acceleration? Which velocity-time graph represents the
movement of the object?

22. Diagram shows the velocity-time graph of an 25. Diagram is a velocity-time graph showing the
object being dropped into the water. motion of an object.

Which of the following is correct?

Which of the following describes the motion of
the object?

HOTS

23. Diagram shows a velocity-time graph for a HOTS

motion of a toy car. 26. Diagram shows the velocity-time graph of an

object.

Which acceleration-time graph represents the

same motion as the object?
What is the displacement of the car in 6 s?
A 0 m B 30 m C 45 m D 75 m
HOTS

24. The acceleration-time graph shows the ’

movement of an object.

18
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION I ANTHONY TAN
HOTS

27. Diagram shows a velocity-time graph of a bus (ii) Why the above equation can not be used
with passengers on board. if the falling object is a ping pong ball?
[3]

After 10 minutes, the driver steps on the brake HOTS

pedal to stop the bus. (iii) Sketch the velocity-time graph which is
What is the velocity of the passengers possible to obtain for the type of motion
immediately after the brake is applied? in (b)(ii). [2]
A 0 m s–1 B 2 m s–1 v
C 6 m s–1 D 72 m s–1

28. Diagram shows a velocity-time graph for a

motion of an object.
0 t

30. An athlete starts from rest and accelerates for

the first 2 seconds until he reaches the velocity
of 10 m s–1. The athlete has completed his 100
m event in 11 s. Diagram shows the graph of
velocity against time for the motion of the
What is the total distance, in m, travelled by the athlete.
object in 8 s? Velocity/m s-1
A 16 B 24 C 32 D 64
10
29. Below is an equation of motion with uniform
acceleration.
v = u + at
(a) Referring to the equation above, answer the 0 2 11 Time/s
following questions:
(i) What is the meaning for the symbol u? (a) What is mening of velocity? [1]
[1]

(ii) Define acceleration, a. [1] (b) What is the total time the athlete runs with
constant velocity? [1]
HOTS

(iii)What information that can be obtained

from at? [1]
(c) Calculate the acceleration for the first 2
seconds. [2]

(b) The above equation can be used to find the

velocity of an object falling freely from a
stationary position.
(d) Based on the diagram, draw an acceleration
(i) If a piece of stone is falling freely from a
against time graph. [1]
stationary position, what is its velocity
after 2 s? [2]

19
PUSAT TUISYEN EINSTEIN CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION I ANTHONY TAN

31. Diagram shows a velocity-time graph of a 33. A driver is driving his car with a uniform
bicycle rider. velocity of 20 m s–1. When the car was 62 m
away from the traffic lights, it turned yellow.
He immediately applied the brake uniformly.

After a few moments, the driver realized that

the car was still moving fast and it might not
stop in time. The driver steps hard on the brake
and it stopped before the traffic light.
(a) What does the gradient of the graph Velocity / m s-1
represents? [1]

(b) At which section of the graph shows that the

bicycle is accelerating? [1]
Time/s

(c) Calculate the distance travelled by the

The traffic lights
bicycle in 25 seconds. [2] begins to turn yellow
The diagram described the motion graph of the
car from the time the traffic light starts to turn
32. Diagram shows a velocity against time graph of yellow until stops.
a toy car. (a) What is the time taken for the driver to see
HOTS the yellow light on the traffic lights until the
brake starts to be effective? [1]

HOTS

(b) Calculate the distance between the car and

the traffic light when the car stopped. [4]

(a) What is the meaning of velocity? [1]

HOTS
(b) Based on the diagram,
(i) Tick () the correct answer in the box (c) Base on the graph in the diagram, sketch the
provided. [1] acceleration-time graph for the motion of
The car moves with constant acceleration the car, starts from the lights starts to turn
at PQ yellow until the car stopped. [3]
The car moves with zero acceleration at
PQ

(ii) Calculate the distance travelled by the

toy car. [2]
(d) When the brake is applied hard, the driver
realised that his body seems to push
forward. Name the phenomenon which
causes this to happen. [1]

20