Restricted Earth Fault (REF) Scheme
Restricted Earth Fault (REF) Scheme
A) Outline of Procedure
The following broad steps cover testing of REF scheme used for transformer:
1. Disconnect the transformer from both the sides
2. Bypass NGR
3. Short temporarily stabilizing resistor in relay circuit if provided
4. Create internal and external zone faults on star side
5. Apply three phase test voltage to the delta side of transformer
6. Measure during various faults simulated
(a) CT Primary and secondary currents
(b) Current through REF relay
(Fig.1)
• Measure the current through CT secondaries and REF relay
• Stability is ensured if current through relay is nearly zero (Ref Fig.2)
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External Earth Fault (Fig. 2)
• Repeat the study for Y phase and B phase
• Remove phase to ground earthing
• Create (R –Y) short circuit (Refer Fig 3)
(Fig.3)
• Stability is ensured if current through relay is nearly zero (Refer Fig 4)
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External Phase Fault (Fig.4)
• Repeat the study for (Y –B) and (B –R) short circuit
• The current distribution shall be as per Table 1.
Reliance Energy Center, Santacruz, Mumbai – 400 055, Tel – (022) 3009 9999
Internal Phase Faults (Fig.5)
Reliance Energy Center, Santacruz, Mumbai – 400 055, Tel – (022) 3009 9999
Sr.No Fault ΙCT-R ΙCT-Y ΙCT-B ΙCT-N ΙRELAY
1 R-E 0 0 0 0.14 0.14
2 Y-E 0 0 0 0.14 0.14
3 B-E 0 0 0 0.14 0.14
4 R-Y 0 0 0 0 0
5 Y-B 0 0 0 0 0
6 B-R 0 0 0 0 0
D) Precautions
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