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Restricted Earth Fault (REF) Scheme

The document outlines the procedure for testing the stability and sensitivity of a Restricted Earth Fault scheme used for transformers. It involves simulating internal and external faults on the star side of the transformer and measuring currents to ensure the relay only operates for internal earth faults and remains stable for other fault types.

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chkk.ramakumar
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
62 views

Restricted Earth Fault (REF) Scheme

The document outlines the procedure for testing the stability and sensitivity of a Restricted Earth Fault scheme used for transformers. It involves simulating internal and external faults on the star side of the transformer and measuring currents to ensure the relay only operates for internal earth faults and remains stable for other fault types.

Uploaded by

chkk.ramakumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Restricted Earth Fault (REF) Scheme – Stability and Sensitivity Checks

A) Outline of Procedure
The following broad steps cover testing of REF scheme used for transformer:
1. Disconnect the transformer from both the sides
2. Bypass NGR
3. Short temporarily stabilizing resistor in relay circuit if provided
4. Create internal and external zone faults on star side
5. Apply three phase test voltage to the delta side of transformer
6. Measure during various faults simulated
(a) CT Primary and secondary currents
(b) Current through REF relay

B) External Fault Simulation


• Connect R phase to ground (Refer Fig.1)
• Apply 415V on delta side of transformer

(Fig.1)
• Measure the current through CT secondaries and REF relay
• Stability is ensured if current through relay is nearly zero (Ref Fig.2)

Reliance Energy Center, Santacruz, Mumbai – 400 055, Tel – (022) 3009 9999
External Earth Fault (Fig. 2)
• Repeat the study for Y phase and B phase
• Remove phase to ground earthing
• Create (R –Y) short circuit (Refer Fig 3)

(Fig.3)
• Stability is ensured if current through relay is nearly zero (Refer Fig 4)

Reliance Energy Center, Santacruz, Mumbai – 400 055, Tel – (022) 3009 9999
External Phase Fault (Fig.4)
• Repeat the study for (Y –B) and (B –R) short circuit
• The current distribution shall be as per Table 1.

Sr.No Fault ΙCT-R ΙCT-Y ΙCT-B ΙCT-N ΙRELAY


1 R-E 0.14 0 0 0.14 0
2 Y-E 0 0.14 0 0.14 0
3 B-E 0 0 0.14 0.14 0
4 R-Y 0.08 0.08 0 0 0
5 Y-B 0 0.08 0.08 0 0
6 B-R 0.08 0 0.08 0 0

Table 1: External fault simulation


C) Internal Fault Simulation
• Repeat the above studies by shifting the fault point to within zone of
protection (Fig 5 and Fig 6).

Reliance Energy Center, Santacruz, Mumbai – 400 055, Tel – (022) 3009 9999
Internal Phase Faults (Fig.5)

Internal Earth Faults (Fig.6)


• Sensitivity is ensured if current through relay is maximum for ground fault.
• For phase – phase fault the current through relay shall be nearly zero.
• The current distribution shall be as per Table 2.

Reliance Energy Center, Santacruz, Mumbai – 400 055, Tel – (022) 3009 9999
Sr.No Fault ΙCT-R ΙCT-Y ΙCT-B ΙCT-N ΙRELAY
1 R-E 0 0 0 0.14 0.14
2 Y-E 0 0 0 0.14 0.14
3 B-E 0 0 0 0.14 0.14
4 R-Y 0 0 0 0 0
5 Y-B 0 0 0 0 0
6 B-R 0 0 0 0 0

Table 2: Internal fault simulation

• The scheme is certified acceptable if following are observed:

Relay picks up for Relay picks up for


phase to earth fault phase to phase fault
External No No
Internal Yes No

D) Precautions

• Ensure proper disconnection of transformer from either sides and NGR is


bypassed
• Ensure adequate sizing of cables, connectors and shorting link.
• Ensure proper earthing for fault simulation.

Reliance Energy Center, Santacruz, Mumbai – 400 055, Tel – (022) 3009 9999

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