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2 Statistics and Probability - G11 - Quarter - 4 - Module - 2 - Identifying Parameter To Be Tested Given A Real Life Problem

The document discusses identifying parameters for testing in given real-life problems. A parameter is any numerical quantity that characterizes a population and examples include measures of central tendency like the mean and standard deviation. The document provides examples of identifying parameters to test from given scenarios like average heights, average allowances, and population proportions.

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92 views

2 Statistics and Probability - G11 - Quarter - 4 - Module - 2 - Identifying Parameter To Be Tested Given A Real Life Problem

The document discusses identifying parameters for testing in given real-life problems. A parameter is any numerical quantity that characterizes a population and examples include measures of central tendency like the mean and standard deviation. The document provides examples of identifying parameters to test from given scenarios like average heights, average allowances, and population proportions.

Uploaded by

davidgransden14
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 4 Module 2:
Identifying Parameters for
Testing in Given Real-Life
Problems
Lesson Identifying Parameters for Testing
1 in Given Real-Life Problems

Inferential statistics makes use of sample data to make an inference and


conclusion about a population. The main activities of inferential statistics
are using sample data (1) to estimate a population parameter and (2) to
test a hypothesis or claim about a population parameter. But before you
test a hypothesis, you should understand first what parameter is and how
to identify it in each real-life problem.

For instance, you might be interested in the average age of your section
where you belong and found the average age was 17. Do you think this is
an example of parameter? To be able to answer this question, read and
understand this module.

What Is It

Parameters in statistics are important component of any statistical


analysis. In simple words, a parameter is any numerical quantity that
characterizes a given population or some of its aspects. This means the
parameter tells us something about the whole population.
However, the numerical measure that is calculated from the sample
is called statistic. Statistic is a known number and a variable that depends
on the portion of the population.
A parameter denotes the true value that would be obtained if a
census rather than a sample was undertaken.
Examples of parameters are the measures of central tendency.
These tell us how the data behave on an average basis. For example, mean,
median, and mode are measures of central tendency that give us an idea
about where the data concentrate. Meanwhile, standard deviation tells
us how the data are spread from the central tendency, i.e. whether the
distribution is wide or narrow. Such parameters are often very useful in
analysis.
In the normal distribution, there are two parameters that can
characterize a distribution - the mean and standard deviation. By
varying these two parameters, you can get different kinds of normal
distribution.
Different symbols are used to denote parameters. Based on Activity 2,
symbols are grouped as indicated in the table below.

Measure Statistic Parameter


𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝑥̅ (x-bar) 𝜇 (myu)
𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑠2 𝜎2 (sigma squared)
𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑠 𝜎 (sigma)
𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒑𝒐𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑝̂ (p hat) 𝑝̂
Mean and standard deviation
are two common parameters.

Identifying Parameter to be Tested

Illustrative Examples:
1. The average height of adult Filipinos 20 years and older is 163 cm for
males.
Parameter: the average height of adult Filipinos 20 years and older
In hypothesis testing, the parameter will be translated into symbols
such as 𝛍 = 𝟏𝟔𝟑 where 𝛍 is the symbol for mean/average and 163 is
the value that pertains to the average height.

2. A Grade 11 researcher reported that the average allowance of Senior


High School students is ₱100. A sample of 40 students has mean
allowance of ₱120. At 𝛼 = 0.01 test, it was the claimed that the students
had allowance of ₱ 100. The standard deviation of the population is ₱50.
Parameters: the average allowance of Senior High School students
is ₱100 or 𝝁 = ₱𝟏𝟎𝟎

In this claim, there are different parameters used but the parameter
to be tested in this hypothesis would be the average allowance of Senior
High School students since it relates to the population, not in sample.
Statistical hypothesis is a conjecture about the population parameter that’s
why you will look for the population mean, population standard deviation,
or population proportion but not sample mean.

3. According to a survey, 63% of the parents are willing to spend extra


money for their children’s health and education matters.
Parameter: the percentage/proportion of parents willing to spend
extra money in their children’s health and education matter or 𝒑 =
𝟎. 𝟔𝟑
To identify the parameters to be tested:
1. Just look for mean/average, standard deviation, variance,
andproportion of population.
2. Determine the value that pertains to the given parameter,
then translate them in symbols for hypothesis testing.

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