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Chapter 2 Booklet - Location and Spread

The document provides an overview of key concepts in statistics including measures of central tendency, measures of location, measures of spread, variance, standard deviation, and coding. Various formulas and examples are presented to demonstrate calculating and applying these statistical concepts.

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MIhaela Corche
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50 views

Chapter 2 Booklet - Location and Spread

The document provides an overview of key concepts in statistics including measures of central tendency, measures of location, measures of spread, variance, standard deviation, and coding. Various formulas and examples are presented to demonstrate calculating and applying these statistical concepts.

Uploaded by

MIhaela Corche
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A Level Mathematics

Chapter 2 - Statistics
Measures of Location and Spread

Chapter Overview
1. Measures of Central Tendency
2. Other measures of location
3. Measures of Spread
4. Variance and Standard Deviation
5. Coding

1
1. Measure of Central Tendency

Measures of…

Finding the mean


Using your calculator
On a Classwiz:
• Select 1-Variable.
• Enter each value above, pressing = after each entry.
• Press AC to start a statistical calculation.
• Press the OPTN button. “1-Variable Calc” will calculate all
common statistics (including all on the left). Alternatively, you can
construct a statistical expression yourself – in the OPTN menu
press Down. “Variable” for example contains x . This will insert it
into your calculation; press = when done.

2
Grouped Data

Mini-Exercise

1.

2.

3.

Exercise 2A/2B Pages 22-23, 24-25

3
Combined Mean
Example
The mean maths score of 20 pupils in class A is 62.
The mean maths score of 30 pupils in class B is 75.
a) What is the overall mean of all the pupils’ marks.
b) The teacher realises they mismarked one student’s paper; he should have received 100
instead of 95. Explain the effect on the mean and median.

Question
Archie the Archer competes in a competition with 50 rounds. He scored an average of 35 points
in the first 10 rounds and an average of 25 in the remaining rounds. What was his average score
per round?

Finding the Median

4
Linear Interpolation

Formula

Examples

5
Class width
Weight of cat to nearest Frequenc
kg y

10−12 7

13−15 2

16−18 9

19−20 4

Linear Interpolation with gaps


Example

6
Test Your Understanding
Use linear interpolation to estimate the median of the following:
1) Age of relic (years) Frequency
0-1000 24
1001-1500 29
1501-1700 12
1701-2000 35

2) Shark length (cm) Frequency


40 ≤ x <100 17
100 ≤ x <300 5
300 ≤ x <600 8
600 ≤ x<1000 10

Supplementary Exercise 1
Q1) Solomon Paper A Q5b

Q2) Solomon Paper E Q4a

The ages of 300 houses in a village are recorded given the following table of results.

Age a (years) Number of houses


0 ≤ a<20 36
20 ≤ a< 40 92
40 ≤ a< 60 74
60 ≤ a<100 39
100 ≤ a<200 14
200 ≤ a<300 27
300 ≤ a<500 18
Use linear interpolation to estimate the median.

7
Q3) Solomon Paper L Q7a

A cyber-café recorded how long each user stayed during one day giving the following results.

Length of stay Number of houses


(minutes)
0 ≤ l< 30 15
30 ≤l< 60 31
60 ≤ l< 90 32
90 ≤ l< 120 23
120 ≤l<240 17
240 ≤ l< 360 2
Use linear interpolation to estimate the median of these data.

Q4) S1 May 2013 Q4


The following table summarises the times, t minutes to the nearest minute, recorded for a group of
students to complete an exam.

[You may use ft2 = 134281.25]

(a) Estimate the mean and standard deviation of these data. (5)

(b) Use linear interpolation to estimate the value of the median. (2)

Exercise 2C Pages 27-28

8
2. Other measures of location
Quartiles
Listed Data

Items n Position of LQ & UQ LQ & UQ


1 , 4 , 7 , 9 , 10 5
4 , 9 ,10 , 15 4
2 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 ,11 7
1 , 2, 3 , 5 ,6 , 9 ,9 , 10 , 11,12 10

Quartiles – Listed Data

Grouped Data

Items n Position of LQ & UQ LQ & UQ


1 , 4 , 7 , 9 , 10 5
4 , 9 ,10 , 15 4
2 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 ,11 7
1 , 2, 3 , 5 ,6 , 9 ,9 , 10 , 11,12 10

Quartiles – Grouped Data

Percentiles

Notation
Lower Quartile: Median:
Upper Quartile: 57th Percentile:

9
3. Measures of Spread

Test your understanding

10
Q1) S1 May 2013 Q4 (continued)
The following table summarises the times, t minutes to the nearest minute, recorded for a group of
students to complete an exam.

(c) Show that the estimated value of the lower quartile is 18.6 to 3 significant figures.

(1)
(d) Estimate the interquartile range of this distribution.

(2)

Q2) S1 June 2005 Q2


The following table summarises the distances, to the nearest km, that 134 examiners travelled to attend
a meeting in London.

Distance (km) Number of examiners


41–45 4
46–50 19
51–60 53
61–70 37
71–90 15
91–150 6

(c) Use interpolation to estimate the median Q2, the lower quartile Q1, and the upper quartile Q3 of
these data.

11
Q3) The ages of 300 houses in a village are recorded given the following table of results.

Age a (years) Number of houses


0 ≤ a<20 36
20 ≤ a< 40 92
40 ≤ a< 60 74
60 ≤ a<100 39
100 ≤ a<200 14
200 ≤ a<300 27
300 ≤ a<500 18
Use linear interpolation to estimate the lower quartile, upper quartile and hence the interquartile
range.

Q4)

A cyber-café recorded how long each user stayed during one day giving the following results.

Length of stay Number of houses


(minutes)
0 ≤ l< 30 15
30 ≤l< 60 31
60 ≤ l< 90 32
90 ≤ l< 120 23
120 ≤l<240 17
240 ≤ l< 360 2

Use linear interpolation to estimate:

a) The lower quartile.

b) The upper quartile.

c) The 90th percentile.

12
Q5)

Distance Number of
(to the nearest mile) commuters
0–9 10
10 – 19 19
20 – 29 43
30 – 39 25
40 – 49 8
50 – 59 6
60 – 69 5
70 – 79 3
80 – 89 1

Find the interquartile range for the distance travelled by commuters.

13
4. Variance and Standard Deviation
Variance

Examples

1. 3, 11 Variance
Standard Deviation

2. 2, 3, 3, 5, 7 Variance
Standard Deviation

3. 2, 4, 6 Variance
Standard Deviation

4. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 Variance
Standard Deviation
Variance – frequency tables

14
Examples

15
5. Coding

16
17

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