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GP2 Properties of Light

The document discusses optics and different optical phenomena including Maxwell's equations describing light as an electromagnetic wave, the characteristics of electromagnetic waves including wavelength and frequency, reflection and refraction of light including Snell's law, and the index of refraction.

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Elvincent Castorico
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18 views28 pages

GP2 Properties of Light

The document discusses optics and different optical phenomena including Maxwell's equations describing light as an electromagnetic wave, the characteristics of electromagnetic waves including wavelength and frequency, reflection and refraction of light including Snell's law, and the index of refraction.

Uploaded by

Elvincent Castorico
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OPTICS

The scientific study of sight and the behavior of light,


or the properties of transmission and deflection of
other forms of radiation.
01

02

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Prepared by: Ms. Maria Gracia P. Gito


Maxwell’s Equations
James Clerk Maxwell described LIGHT as
a propagating wave made up of electric
and magnetic fields.
Light, or Visible Light, commonly refers
to electromagnetic radiation that can
be detected by the human eye.
describes fluctuations of electric and magnetic
fields, transporting energy at the Speed of Light.
Waves
Are disturbances that transfer energy from one
place to another without transferring matter.

“Wave Pulse”
medium
Ocean Waves

Sound Waves

Stadium Waves
Mechanical Waves
Are waves that require medium to
transfer energy.

Electromagnetic Waves
Are waves that DO NOT require a medium to
transfer energy.
Longitudinal and Transverse Wave
LONGITUDINAL Wave
Displacement of the medium is parallel to the
propagation of the wave.

TRANSVERSE Wave
Displacement of the medium is perpendicular to
the direction of propagation of the wave.
Electromagnetic Wave
EM waves describe propagating
oscillations with respect to electric and
magnetic fields. It led him to assert
that LIGHT must be an EM disturbance
propagating through the EM field.
Light is a Form of Electromagnetic Wave
Electromagnetic Wave
Light as Electromagnetic Wave
An electromagnetic wave is understood to be a transverse
produced by a vibrating electric charge.

Characteristics of EM Wave
WAVELENGTH – is the measurement of the distance between the
successive crest and trough.
FREQUENCY – is the number of waves that propagate in a unit of
time, which is usually in seconds.
SPEED – is how fast the wave is propagating.
3 x 108 m/s

… At this speed, EM waves can go


around the world approximately 8 times
in span of 1 second.
Can We Make Speed
of Light Faster?
Reflection of Light
When light strikes a material,
it has the capacity to bounce
against it or be reflected. This
phenomenon is known as the
reflection of light.
LAW of Reflection
“The angle of incidence (𝜽𝒊 ) is equal to the angle
of reflection (𝜽𝒓 ). Furthermore, the incident ray,
the reflected ray, and the normal to the surface
all lie on the same plane.”
A ray that strikes the ray of light that
surface separating the bounces back from the
two optical media. surface of reflection
Types of Reflection

The reflected rays have only one direction.

The reflected rays have varying directions.


Refraction of Light

Is the bending of light as it passes


through a media or materials with
different densities.
Equation: Refraction
𝒄
𝒏=
𝒗
n = absolute index of refraction
c = speed of light in a vacuum = 3.00 × 108 𝑚/𝑠
v = speed of light in the material
In a certain glass, the speed of light is 𝟏. 𝟗𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒎/𝒔. Compute
the refractive index of the glass.
𝒄
𝒏=
𝒗
3.00 𝑥 108 𝑚/𝑠
𝒏= ≈ 1.55
1.93 𝑥 108 𝑚/𝑠

The refractive index of glass is approximately 1.55


Snell’s Law
Used to describe the relationship between the angles of
incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other
waves passing through a boundary between two different
isotropic media, such as water, glass and air.

Snell’s law predicts the degree of the bend. It is also


known as the law of refraction. In 1621, Willebrord Snell
discovered the law of refraction, hence called Snell’s law.
Snell’s Law
How a ray is refracted at the
interface between two materials
of different indices of refraction
(n1 and n2) is given by Snell's law.
Snell's law is mathematically
stated as:
Suppose there are two media, an air and water.
If the light air strike in water which have an
incidence angle of 35°. What will be the angle
of refraction?
𝑛1 sin 𝜃1 = 𝑛2 sin 𝜃2

𝑛𝑎𝑖𝑟 sin 35° = 𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 sin 𝜃2


(1.00) (sin 35°) = (1.33) (sin 𝜃2 )
1.33 1.33
0.43 = sin 𝜃2
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 0.43 = 𝜃2
𝜃2 = 25.47°

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