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Physics Lab Manual - Class 11 Experiment No. 3

This document provides instructions for using a screw gauge to determine the volume of an irregular lamina. It describes the apparatus, theory, procedure, observations, results, precautions, and sources of error for the experiment.

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3K views

Physics Lab Manual - Class 11 Experiment No. 3

This document provides instructions for using a screw gauge to determine the volume of an irregular lamina. It describes the apparatus, theory, procedure, observations, results, precautions, and sources of error for the experiment.

Uploaded by

masterjedi1008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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St.

John’s Public School


Jalladianpet ⚫ Medavakkam ⚫ Chennai – 600 100

Physics Practical – Class XI (2023 – 2024)


Experiment Number – 3: Screw Gauge – Volume of Irregular Lamina

Aim:
To determine volume of an irregular lamina using screw gauge.
Apparatus:
Screw gauge, an irregular lamina (it must be of uniform thickness), a centimetre graph paper, a
pencil. Screw gauge, wire, half-metre scale and magnifying lens.
Theory:
If with the wire between plane faces A and B, the edge of the cap lies ahead of Mb division of
linear scale: Then,
Linear Scale Reading (L.S.R.) = N.
If nth division of circular scale lies over reference line: Then,
Circular Scale Reading (C.S.R.) = n x (L.C.) (L.C. is least count of screw gauge)
Total reading (T.R.) = L.S.R. + C.S.R. = N+n x (L.C.).
Volume of given lamina = area x thickness (diameter of lamina) = mm3

Procedure:
1. Find the value of one linear scale division (L.S.D.).
2. Determine the pitch and the least count of the screw gauge and record it step wise.
3. Bring the plane face B in contact with plane face A and find the zero error. Do it three times
and record them. If there is no zero error, then record zero error nil.
4. Move the face B away from face A. Place the lamina lengthwise over face A and move the
face B towards face A using the ratchet head R. Stop when R turns (slips) without moving
the screw.

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5. Note the number of divisions of the linear scale visible and uncovered by the edge of the
cap. The reading (IV) is called linear scale reading (L.S.R.).
6. Note the number (n) of the division of the circular scale lying over reference line.
7. Repeat steps 5 and 6 after rotating the wire by 90° for measuring diameter in a
perpendicular direction.
8. Repeat steps 4, 5, 6 and 7 for five different positions separated equally throughout the
lamina. Record the observations in each set in a tabular form.
9. Find total reading and apply zero correction in each case.
10. Take mean of different values of diameter.
11. Put the lamina on a clean centimetre graph paper and mark its boundary by a sharp pointed
pencil.
12. Find area of the lamina by counting small squares enclosed on graph paper by the boundary
of lamina. Take half or more than half square as full and leave if less than half.

Observations:
1. Determination of Least Count of the Screw Gauge . 1 L.S.D. = 1 mm
Number of full rotations given to screw = 4
Distance moved by the screw = 4 mm
Hence, pitch p = 4 mm/4 = 1 mm
Number of divisions on circular scale = 100
Hence, least count, =1 mm/100 = 0.01 mm
2. Zero Error. (i)…….mm,(ii)…… mm, (iii)…….mm.
Mean zero error (e) =……..mm
Mean zero correction (c) = – e =……mm.

Table for measuring the thickness (t) of a lamina L.C = 0.01 mm


Circular scale reading Total Reading (mm)
Linear Scale
S. No. Reading(N) Value Observed Reading Corrected Reading
No. of circular division
(MSR) (mm) [n x LC] to=N + (nxL.C) t = to+c
Coinciding (n)
(mm) (mm) (mm)
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Mean thickness (diameter of lamina) of the irregular lamina = …… mm


For Area of Irregular Lamina:
No. of small square enclosed by the boundary = Area of lamina =…… cm2= …… mm2
Volume of given lamina = area of lamina x thickness (diameter of lamina) = mm3

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Result:
The volume of the given irregular lamina is = ………. mm3

Precautions:
1. To avoid undue pressure; the screw should always be rotated by ratchet R and not by cap K.
2. The screw should move freely without friction.
3. The zero correction, with proper sign should be noted very carefully and added
algebraically.
4. For same set of observations, the screw should be moved in the same direction to avoid
back-lash error of the screw.
5. At each place, the diameter of the wire should be measured in two perpendicular directions
and then the mean of the two be taken.
6. Readings should be taken at least for five different places equally spaced along the whole
length of the wire.
7. Error due to parallax should be avoided.

Sources of Error:
1. The screw may have friction.
2. The screw gauge may have back-lash error.
3. Circular scale divisions may not be of equal size.
4. The wire may not be uniform.

Kindly Note: Students are asked to bring the hardcopy of


this experiment on the day of reporting for the practical.

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