Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing

Volume 1132

Series Editor
Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Warsaw, Poland

Advisory Editors
Nikhil R. Pal, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
Rafael Bello Perez, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computing,
Universidad Central de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
Emilio S. Corchado, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Hani Hagras, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering,
University of Essex, Colchester, UK
László T. Kóczy, Department of Automation, Széchenyi István University,
Gyor, Hungary
Vladik Kreinovich, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas
at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
Chin-Teng Lin, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chiao
Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Jie Lu, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology,
University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Patricia Melin, Graduate Program of Computer Science, Tijuana Institute
of Technology, Tijuana, Mexico
Nadia Nedjah, Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rio de Janeiro,
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Ngoc Thanh Nguyen , Faculty of Computer Science and Management,
Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
Jun Wang, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering,
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
The series “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” contains publications
on theory, applications, and design methods of Intelligent Systems and Intelligent
Computing. Virtually all disciplines such as engineering, natural sciences, computer
and information science, ICT, economics, business, e-commerce, environment,
healthcare, life science are covered. The list of topics spans all the areas of modern
intelligent systems and computing such as: computational intelligence, soft comput-
ing including neural networks, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computing and the fusion
of these paradigms, social intelligence, ambient intelligence, computational neuro-
science, artificial life, virtual worlds and society, cognitive science and systems,
Perception and Vision, DNA and immune based systems, self-organizing and
adaptive systems, e-Learning and teaching, human-centered and human-centric
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digms, machine ethics, intelligent data analysis, knowledge management, intelligent
agents, intelligent decision making and support, intelligent network security, trust
management, interactive entertainment, Web intelligence and multimedia.
The publications within “Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing” are
primarily proceedings of important conferences, symposia and congresses. They
cover significant recent developments in the field, both of a foundational and
applicable character. An important characteristic feature of the series is the short
publication time and world-wide distribution. This permits a rapid and broad
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** Indexing: The books of this series are submitted to ISI Proceedings,
EI-Compendex, DBLP, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Springerlink **

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/11156

Pradeep Kumar Singh Bharat K. Bhargava
• •

Marcin Paprzycki Narottam Chand Kaushal

• •

Wei-Chiang Hong
Editors

Handbook of Wireless
Sensor Networks:
Issues and Challenges
in Current Scenario’s

123
Editors
Pradeep Kumar Singh Bharat K. Bhargava
Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Sciences
and Engineering Purdue University
Jaypee University of Information West Lafayette, IN, USA
Technology
Kandaghat, India Narottam Chand Kaushal
Department of Computer Science
Marcin Paprzycki and Engineering
Polish Academy of Sciences National Institute of Technology
Systems Research Institute Delhi, India
Warszawa, Poland

Wei-Chiang Hong
School of Education Intelligent Technology
Jiangsu Normal University
Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China

ISSN 2194-5357 ISSN 2194-5365 (electronic)

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
ISBN 978-3-030-40304-1 ISBN 978-3-030-40305-8 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40305-8
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part
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Preface

Wireless sensor networks are being used in several kinds of applications varying
from the health care, military, home, monitoring and industry. The prime objective
of this book is to explore the current areas of research and challenges to be faced by
different researchers. So, it can help the increasing number of scientists who depend
upon sensor networks in some way. The book is organized into five parts, each part
including chapters exploring a specific group of topics. The first part of the books
covers the topics related to algorithms, protocols, communication strategies and
data aggregation in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The second part of the book
is composed of topics related to energy conservation and management in WSNs.
The third section of the book includes the chapters related to security and QoS in
WSNs. Some of the useful applications of WSNs are covered in section four.
Finally, the advancements on wireless sensor networks are included in section five.
Book contains total 33 chapters.
The main readers of this book are expected to include the scientists, scholars and
researchers in the field of computer science engineering and communication
engineering; along with this, it is going to be very useful for the UG and PG
students who are studying the wireless sensor networks as an elective or core
course. Specialists, as well as student readers will find all the articles encouraging
and helpful for their projects.
The main objective of this edited book is to concentrate on all aspects of current
and future research directions related to the wireless sensor networks. Number of
novel techniques that lead to future improvements in the area of wireless sensor
networks are also included.
We would like to extend our sincere thanks to all the reviewers for providing the
constructive feedback for the improvement of the quality of chapters. We also
acknowledge the several authors who have contributed their chapter in this edited
book. We are thankful to Dr. Thomas Ditzinger, Editorial Director, Interdisciplinary
and Applied Sciences, Engineering, Springer, for his constructive comments for the

v
vi Preface

improvement of this book project. Finally, we would like to express our special
thanks to Prof. Janusz Kacprzyk, Editor, and AISC Springer Series for believing in
us and providing us constructive feedback during the approval of the book
proposal.

Pradeep Kumar Singh

Marcin Paprzycki
Bharat K. Bhargava
Narottam Chand Kaushal
Wei-Chiang Hong
List of Reviewers

Abdul Zainul-Abedin University of Ontario Institute of Technology

(UOIT), Canada
Abhijit Sen Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Canada
Ahmed Aliyu Universiti Teknology, Malaysia
Amit Prakash Singh GGSIPU, Delhi, India
Anton Pljonkin Sothern Federal University, Russia
Arti Noor (Senior Director) CDAC, Noida, India
Arvind Selwal Central University of Jammu, J&K, India
Baijnath Kaushik SMVDU, Jammu, India
Bharat K. Bhargava Department of Computer Sciences,
Purdue University, USA
C. K. Jha Banasthali University, India
Chuan-Ming Liu National Taipei University of Technology,
Taiwan
Divya Chaudhary Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, University
of Delhi, India
Gayatri Sakya JSSATE, NOIDA, India
Hardeo Kumar Thakur NSIT, Delhi, India
Inga Rüb Warsaw University, Poland
Jitender Kumar Chhabra Department of Comp. Engg., NIT Kurukshetra,
India
Maheshkumar H. Kolekar Dept. of Electrical Engineering, IIT, Patna, India
Malay Kumar IIIT Dharwad, India
Maninder Jeet Kaur Amity University, Dubai
Manju Chaudhary NSIT, Delhi, India
Manu Singh HRIT, Ghaziabad, India
Maria Ganzha University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Maria Simona Raboaca Romania
Marius M. Balas Faculty of Engineering, University “Aurel
Vlaicu” Arad, Romania
Mariusz Nycz Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland

vii
viii List of Reviewers

Mayank Aggarwal Gurukul Kangari University, Haridwar, India

Miklós Molnár Informatics Department, France
Mohd Helmy Abd Wahab Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Malaysia
Nagesh Kumar Shoolini University, Solan, HP, India
Narottam Chand Department of CSE, NIT Hamirpur, India
Neeta Singh Gautam Buddha University, India
Panagiotis Karkazis University of West Attica, Greece
Pao-Ann Hsiung National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan
Parulpreet Singh Lovely Professional University, India
Pelin Angin Purdue University, USA
Pooja Kapoor Amity University Lucknow, India
Puneet Azad Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology,
Delhi, India
Rabindra Bista Kathmandu University, Nepal
Rajeev Kumar National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur
Ramiro Liscano University of Ontario Institute of Technology
(UOIT), Canada
Ritika Mehra DIT University, Dehradun, India
Sabrina Tiun UKM, Malaysia
Samayveer Singh NIT Jalandhar, India
Sanjay Sood CDAC, Mohali, India
(Associate Director)
Satish Jondhale Amrutvahini College of Engineering, Sangamner,
India
Subhash Sharma IIT Roorkee, India
Sudeep Tanwar Nirma University, India
Sudhanshu Tyagi Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology,
Patiala, India
Sultan Ahmad Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj,
Saudi Arabia
Sumita Mishra ASET, Amity University, India
Sushila Madan LSR, University of Delhi, India
Tomasz Bartczak Faculty of Engineering, Vistula University,
Poland
Tuan Anh Nguyen Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology,
Vietnam
Virender Ranga National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra,
India
Vivek Kumar Sehgal JUIT, Waknaghat, India
Yashwant Singh Central University of Jammu, J&K, India
Yu Miao Baylor University, Texas
Yugal Kumar JUIT, Waknaghat, India
Wei-Chiang Hong School of Computer Science and Technology,
Jiangsu Normal University, China
List of Reviewers ix

Agnieszka Kubacka State Higher Vocational School in Krosno,

Poland
Anshu Oberoi IKG Punjab Technical University, India
Gonçalo Miguel Santos Telecommunications Institute, Portugal
Marques
Meera Indracanti University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara, Ethiopia
Mircea Raceanu ICIT, Romania
Reinaldo Padilha France State University of Campinas – UNICAMP,
Brazil
Salome Oniani Faculty of Informatics and Control Systems,
Georgian Technical University Tbilisi,
Georgia
Contents

An Introduction on WSN Algorithms, Protocols, Communication

Strategies and Data Aggregation
Introduction on Wireless Sensor Networks Issues and Challenges
in Current Era . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Pradeep Kumar Singh and Marcin Paprzycki
Intelligent Applications of WSN in the World: A Technological
and Literary Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Reinaldo Padilha França, Yuzo Iano, Ana Carolina Borges Monteiro,
and Rangel Arthur
Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks . . . . . 35
Prashant R. Rothe and Jyoti P. Rothe
Performance of Energy and Distance Based Modified Threshold
for LEACH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Remika Ngangbam, Ashraf Hossain, and Alok Shukla
Medium Access Control Protocols for Mission Critical Wireless
Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Gayatri Sakya and Pradeep Kumar Singh
QoS Routing for Data Gathering with RPL in WSNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Miklós Molnár
Comparison of Neural Network Training Functions for RSSI
Based Indoor Localization Problem in WSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Satish R. Jondhale, Manish Sharma, R. Maheswar, Raed Shubair,
and Amruta Shelke
Performance Assessment of the Fixed Node Assisted Collection
Tree Protocol (FNA-CTP) in a Mobile Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Ramiro Liscano, Aryan Kukreja, and Abdul Zainul-Abedin

xi
xii Contents

Energy Conservation and Management in WSN

An Effective Analysis and Performance Investigation
of Energy Heterogeneity in Wireless Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Samayveer Singh, Rajeev Kumar, and Pradeep Kumar Singh
A Firefly Optimization Algorithm for Maximizing
the Connectivity in Mobile Wireless Sensor Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Mamatha K M and Kiran M
Energy Conscious Packet Transmission in Wireless Networks
Using Trust Based Mechanism: A Cognitive Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Anshu Bhasin, Sandeep Singh, and Anshul Kalia
Energy Distance Neighborhood Based Weighted Hierarchical
Clustering Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Rabindra Bista and Ajaya Thapa
Recent Advances in Wireless Sensor Network for Secure
and Energy Efficient Routing Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
B. C. Gaur Sanjay, Manish Purohit, and Om Prakash Vyas
Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Network . . . . . . 275
Sumit Kumar Gupta, Sachin Kumar, Sudhanshu Tyagi,
and Sudeep Tanwar

Security & QOS in Wireless Sensor Networks

Low-Cost Architecture of the Universal Security Threat Detection
System for Industrial IoT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
M. Hajder, P. Hajder, and M. Nycz
SYSLOC: Hybrid Key Generation in Sensor Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
N. Ambika
Diffie-Hellman Algorithm Pedestal to Authenticate Nodes
in Wireless Sensor Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
N. Ambika
Privacy Aware Prevention of Sybil Attack in Vehicular
Ad Hoc Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Rajeev Kumar, Naveen Chauhan, Pushpender Kumar, Narottam Chand,
and Adil Umar Khan
Key Management Schemes in Internet of Things:
A Matrix Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Shubham Agrawal and Priyanka Ahlawat
Contents xiii

Black Hole Attack and Its Security Measure in Wireless

Sensors Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Ila Kaushik and Nikhil Sharma
Detection and Tracking of Mobile Intruder in Harsh Geographical
Terrains Using Surveillance Wireless Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . 417
Anamika Sharma and Siddhartha Chauhan

Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks

Opportunities and Challenges with WSN’s in Smart Technologies:
A Smart Agriculture Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Nagesh Kumar and BrijBhushan Sharma
Detection and Monitoring of Forest Fire Using Serial Communication
and Wi-Fi Wireless Sensor Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464
Harsh Deep Ahlawat and R. P. Chauhan
Application of Supervised Learning Approach for Target Localization
in Wireless Sensor Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
Satish R. Jondhale, Raed Shubair, Rekha P. Labade, Jaime Lloret,
and Pramod R. Gunjal
Implementation of Automated Aroma Therapy Candle Process
Planting Using IoT and WSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 520
Siti Nor Zawani Ahmmad, Muhammad Tarmizi Mokhtar,
Farkhana Muchtar, and Pradeep Kumar Singh
Implementation of Automated Retractable Roof for Home Line-Dry
Suspension Area Using IoT and WSN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 546
Siti Nor Zawani Ahmmad, Muhammad Abdul Ghaffar Eswendy,
Farkhana Muchtar, and Pradeep Kumar Singh

Advancements on Wireless Sensor Networks

IoT Enabled Air Pollution Monitoring in Smart Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 569
Vrinda Gupta
Data Mining and Fusion Techniques for Wireless Intelligent
Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592
Ritika, Nafees Akhter Farooqui, and Ankita Tyagi
Internet of Things for Enhanced Living Environments,
Health and Well-Being: Technologies, Architectures and Systems . . . . . 616
Gonçalo Marques, Jagriti Saini, Ivan Miguel Pires, Nuno Miranda,
and Rui Pitarma
Energy Efficient Data Collection in Smart Cities Using IoT . . . . . . . . . . 632
Tanuj Wala, Narottam Chand, and Ajay K. Sharma
xiv Contents

A Review on Hybrid WSN-NGPON2 Network for Smart World . . . . . . 655

Meet Kumari, Reecha Sharma, and Anu Sheetal
Internet of Things in Forensics Investigation in Comparison
to Digital Forensics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
Bhoopesh Kumar Sharma, Mayssa Hachem, Ved P. Mishra,
and Maninder Jeet Kaur
A Review on the Artificial Intelligence Algorithms
for the Recognition of Activities of Daily Living
Using Sensors in Mobile Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Ivan Miguel Pires, Gonçalo Marques, Nuno M. Garcia, Nuno Pombo,
Francisco Flórez-Revuelta, Eftim Zdravevski, and Susanna Spinsante

Author Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715