MOBILE APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

(22617)

By,
Prof. Nagesh A. Goden
(Lecturer)
A.G. Patil Polytechnic Institute, Solapur
 Unit I- Android and it’s Tools (Marks-06)

Sr.
Questions Marks
No

1. Describe android and importance of OHA 2

2. List and Explain any 8 features of android 4

Draw and explain android architecture

3. 4

4. Explain need of android OS 4

5. Compare android and other mobile OS 4

6. Describe Android eco system 4

7. List various components of android eco system 4

Point out software and hardware requirements for android

8. 4
application development

9. Write a note on Android IDE 2

10. Explain Tools and software requirement for developing an 6

Android Application
Q.1 Describe android and importance of OHA
Ans: The Open Handset Alliance (OHA) is a business alliance that was created for the
purpose of developing open mobile device standards. The OHA has approximately 80
member companies, including HTC, Dell, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm and Google.
OHA members are primarily mobile operators, handset manufacturers, software
development firms, semiconductor companies and commercialization companies.
Members share a commitment to expanding the commercial viability of open platform
development.

Q.2 List and Explain any 8 features of android

Ans:
1. Near Field Communication (NFC): Most Android devices support NFC, which
allows electronic devices to interact across short distances easily. The main goal here is
to create a payment option that is simpler than carrying cash or credit cards, and while
the market hasn't exploded as many experts had predicted, there may be an alternative
in the works, in the form of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE).
2. Infrared Transmission
The Android operating system supports a built-in infrared transmitter that allows you
to use your phone or tablet as a remote control.
3. Automation
The Tasker app allows control of app permissions and also automates them.
4. Wireless App Downloads
You can download apps on your PC by using the Android Market or third-party options
like AppBrain. Then it automatically syncs them to your Droid, and no plugging is
required.
5. Storage and Battery Swap
Android phones also have unique hardware capabilities. Google's OS makes it possible
to upgrade, replace, and remove your battery that no longer holds a charge. In addition,
Android phones come with SD card slots for expandable storage.
6. Custom Home Screens
While it's possible to hack certain phones to customize the home screen, Android
comes with this capability from the get-go. Download a third-party launcher like Apex,
Nova, and you can add gestures, new shortcuts, or even performance enhancements for
older-model devices.
7. Widgets
Apps are versatile, but sometimes you want information at a glance instead of having
to open an app and wait for it to load. Android widgets let you display just about any
feature you choose on the home screen, including weather apps, music widgets, or
productivity tools that helpfully remind you of upcoming meetings or approaching
deadlines.
8. Custom ROMs
Because the Android operating system is open-source, developers can twist the current
OS and build their versions, which users can download and install in place of the stock
OS. Some are filled with features, while others change the look and feel of a device.
Chances are, if there's a feature you want, someone has already built a custom ROM
for it.

Q.3 Draw and explain android architecture

Ans.

Android architecture or Android software stack is categorized into five

parts:

1. linux kernel
2. native libraries (middleware),
3. Android Runtime
4. Application Framework
5. Applications
1) Linux kernel
It is the heart of android architecture that exists at the root of android
architecture. Linux kernel is responsible for device drivers, power
management, memory management, device management and resource
access.
2) Native Libraries

On the top of linux kernel, their are Native libraries such as WebKit,
OpenGL, FreeType, SQLite, Media, C runtime library (libc) etc.

The WebKit library is responsible for browser support, SQLite is for

database, FreeType for font support, Media for playing and recording audio
and video formats.

3) Android Runtime

In android runtime, there are core libraries and DVM (Dalvik Virtual
Machine) which is responsible to run android application. DVM is like JVM
but it is optimized for mobile devices. It consumes less memory and
provides fast performance.

4) Android Framework

On the top of Native libraries and android runtime, there is android

framework. Android framework includes Android API's such as UI (User
Interface), telephony, resources, locations, Content Providers (data) and
package managers. It provides a lot of classes and interfaces for android
application development.

5) Applications

On the top of android framework, there are applications. All applications

such as home, contact, settings, games, browsers are using android
framework that uses android runtime and libraries. Android runtime and
native libraries are using linux kernal.

Q.4 Explain need of android OS

Ans.
The Android operating system is a mobile operating system that was
developed by Google (GOOGL) to be primarily used for touch screen
devices, cell phones, and tablets.
Following are the 7 reasons for need an android
The convenience of your customers
Increase Revenue and Sales
Ease of accessibility
Global Android market
Easy to Android app submission
Easily port to other operating systems
Powerful tools for Android app development

Q.5 Compare android and other mobile OS

Ans:

Q.6 Describe Android eco system

Ans:
Android ecosystem is nothing but the relationship between Users,
Developers/Programmers, and Hardware equipment makers, the Android
ecosystem is nothing but the mutual dependence between Users, Developers, and
equipment makers. they are independent of each other so one cannot exist without the
other.
Q.7. List various components of android eco system

The main block of the android ecosystem is:

1. Android User
2. Developer
3. Equipment Maker

1. Android User (Users buy handsets and software Application):

Android users have more space for customizability for their android devices. Android
users are smarter than other users and they are perceived to have greater levels of
support. Android users are also more likely to prefer saving their cost and love the
openness of the platform also they like to customize their device. Android users are
fancier to prefer saving money and also android user like customizing their android
handset/device

2. Developers (sell Application):

Android Developers are the professional software developer in designing applications
as well as developing applications for Android. Some of the following tasks where an
android developer can play his role in the development of android apps:

Design and build advanced applications for the android platform

3. Equipment Maker:
Android equipments are available in the market in a huge amount.

Smartwatches: A smartwatch is a handheld, wearable device that closely relates a

wristwatch or other time device. In addition to telling time, many smartwatches are
wireless connectivity oriented such as Bluetooth capable. The traditional watch
becomes, in effect, a wireless Bluetooth technology extending the capabilities of the
wearer's smartphone to the watch.

Smart TV: An Android TV box is a small computer that plugs into any TV and gives
the user the ability to stream content, locally and online. Apps can be downloaded
from the Google Play Store, installed, and do most anything a standard computer can
do from streaming videos to writing an email.
Smart Speakers: Smark speakers are booming in the market now, Smark speakers
like Google Home, Alexa, We can control our android device via voice using these
smart speakers.

E-Reader: E-Reader is a device used for reading e-books, digital newspapers, other
reading stuff.

Q.8. Point out software and hardware requirements for android application
development

Ans:
Minimum System Requirements for Android Studio:
Microsoft Windows 7/8/10 (32 or 64 bit).
Mac OS X 10.8.5.
GNOME or KDE or Unity desktop on Ubuntu or Fedora or GNU/Linux Debian.
2GB RAM.
4GB RAM recommended.
500 MB disk space
1 GB for Android SDK.
Java Development Kit (JDK) 7.
Java Runtime Environment 7.
1280x800 screen resolution.
A faster processor (according to your budget).
Android Studio
Emulator

Q.9 Write a note on Android IDE

Ans.

Android Studio is the official Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for android
application development. Android Studio provides more features that enhance our
productivity while building Android apps.

It is based on the IntelliJ IDEA, a Java integrated development environment for

software, and incorporates its code editing and developer tools.

To support application development within the Android operating system, Android

Studio uses a Gradle-based build system, emulator, code templates,
and Github integration. Every project in Android Studio has one or more modalities
with source code and resource files. These modalities include Android app modules,
Library modules, and Google App Engine modules.
Q.10 Explain Tools and software requirement for developing an
Android Application

Ans:
1. Android Studio

There’s no talking about android app development without the Android Studio. It’s the
most basic tool for Android developers. Created by Google in 2013, it has pretty much
become the standard software for Android Developers. It’s a great tool because it has
the support of Google as well as a large community of developers.
2. Android Debug Bridge (ADB)

Android Debug Bridge is included in Android Studio and it’s basically a line of
communication between Android devices and other computers that developers use for
QA and testing purposes. Android Developers can connect their Android device to
their computer and make necessary changes to both devices at the same time.
3. Android Virtual Device (AVD) Manager

Another great feature of Android Studio is the AVD. This is an emulator that will run
your Android app on your computer so that you have a better inside into what your
code looks like. It’s great for actually seeing the work you’ve done and making any
adjustments as needed.
4. Eclipse

Next up on the list we have Eclipse. Before Android Studio came around, Eclipse was
the main tool for Android development. As of right now, Google doesn’t support this
software but some developers still use it to build Android apps as well as other apps.
Eclipse is still a pretty useful tool, especially for developing cross-platform
applications, and it supports a variety of programming languages.
5. Genymotion

Genymotion is an emulator that lets you view more than 3000 different device
scenarios so that you can test your app in many different environments. Besides
Android and Java, this tool also supports other programming languages and operating
systems.