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1. What is React JS?

React.js is an open-source JavaScript library used for building

user interfaces. It allows developers to create reusable UI
components and efficiently update and render them in response
to data changes.

2. What are the key features of React JS?

Key features of React.js include:

Virtual DOM for efficient rendering
Component-based architecture
JSX syntax for combining JavaScript and HTML
Unidirectional data flow
React Native for mobile app development
React Router for managing application routing

3. What is JSX in React.js?

JSX (JavaScript XML) is a syntax extension for JavaScript used in

React.js to describe the structure of the user interface. It allows
developers to write HTML-like code within JavaScript.

4. What is the difference between state and props in React.js?

State is an internal data store of a component that can be

changed over time. Props (short for properties) are passed to a
component from its parent and cannot be changed by the
component itself.
5. What is a functional component in React.js?

A functional component, also known as a stateless component, is

a simpler way of defining a component in React.js. It is a
JavaScript function that takes props as input and returns JSX
elements.

6. What is a class component in React.js?

A class component is a more traditional way of defining a

component in React.js. It is a JavaScript class that extends the
React.Component class and implements a render() method to
return JSX elements.

7. What is the purpose of setState() in React.js?

The setState() method is used to update the state of a

component in React.js. It allows you to update the component's
state and trigger a re-render of the component and its child
components.

8. What is the difference between controlled and uncontrolled

components in React.js?

In controlled components, the value of form elements is

controlled by React.js state. Changes to the form elements are
handled by updating the state. In uncontrolled components, the
form elements manage their own state internally.

9. What is the significance of keys in React.js?

Keys are used in React.js to identify unique elements in a

collection of elements. They help React optimize the rendering
process by efficiently updating and reordering the elements.

10. What is the purpose of componentDidMount() lifecycle method

in React.js?

The componentDidMount() method is called immediately after a

component is rendered for the first time. It is often used to
perform initialization tasks, such as fetching data from an API.
11. What is the difference between props and state?

Props (short for properties) are used to pass data from a parent
component to its child components. They are read-only and
cannot be modified by the child components. State is used to
manage internal data in a component and can be changed over
time using the setState() method.

12. Explain the concept of Virtual DOM in React.js.

The Virtual DOM is a virtual representation of the actual DOM

(Document Object Model) in memory. React.js uses the Virtual
DOM to efficiently update and render components. When the
state of a component changes, React calculates the difference
between the new and old Virtual DOM and updates only the
necessary parts of the actual DOM, resulting in better
performance.

13. What is the purpose of shouldComponentUpdate() method in

React.js?

The should ComponentUpdate() method is called before a

component is re-rendered. It allows you to control whether a
component should update or not by returning true or false.
Implementing this method can optimize the performance of your
application by preventing unnecessary re-renders.

14. What are React Hooks?

React Hooks are functions introduced in React 16.8 that allow you
to use state and other React features in functional components.
They provide a way to manage state and perform side effects
without writing a class component.

15. Explain the difference between useState() and useEffect()

hooks.

useState() is a hook used to add state to functional components.

It returns a stateful value and a function to update that value.
useEffect() is a hook used to perform side effects in functional
components. It allows you to run code after rendering and handle
lifecycle events.
16. What is the purpose of the useReducer() hook?

The useReducer() hook is used for state management in React. It

is an alternative to useState() and provides a way to update
complex state by specifying how the state should change based
on the previous state and an action.

17. What is React Router?

React Router is a popular library for managing routing in React.js

applications. It allows you to define different routes and their
corresponding components, enabling navigation between
different parts of the application.

18. What is the significance of exact in React Router?

The exact keyword is used in React Router to ensure that a route

matches exactly and does not partially match other routes. It is
used to avoid rendering multiple components when there is a
partial route match.

19. What are Higher-Order Components (HOCs) in React.js?

Higher-Order Components (HOCs) are functions that take a

component and return a new enhanced component. They are
used to share common functionality between multiple
components without duplicating code.

20. What is Redux and how does it work with React.js?

Redux is a predictable state management library for JavaScript

applications, including React.js. It provides a centralized store to
manage the state of an application and enables components to
access and update the state using actions and reducers.

21. What are the three principles of Redux?

The three principles of Redux are:

Single source of truth: The state of the whole application is
stored in a single store.
State is read-only: The state can only be modified by
dispatching actions.
Changes are made with pure functions: Reducers are pure
functions that specify how the state should change based on
actions.
22. What is the role of the mapStateToProps() function in Redux?

The mapStateToProps() function is used to specify which parts of

the Redux state should be passed to a connected component as
props. It allows the component to access the required state data.

23. What is the role of the mapDispatchToProps() function in

Redux?

The mapDispatchToProps() function is used to specify which

actions should be available in a connected component as props.
It allows the component to dispatch the required actions.

24. What is Redux Thunk?

Redux Thunk is a middleware for Redux that allows you to write

asynchronous logic using functions called "thunks." Thunks are
functions that can be dispatched and can contain asynchronous
API calls and other side effects.

25. What is the purpose of the render() method in React.js?

The render() method is responsible for rendering JSX elements to

the DOM. It is called whenever the state or props of a component
change.

26. What is the significance of the key attribute in React.js?

The key attribute is used in React.js to give a unique identity to

each element in an array of elements. It helps React efficiently
update and reorder the elements when the array changes.

27. Explain the concept of "unidirectional data flow" in React.js.

Unidirectional data flow is a pattern followed in React.js where

the data flows in a single direction, from parent components to
child components. It helps maintain a predictable and
manageable state throughout the application.
22. What is the role of the mapStateToProps() function in Redux?

The mapStateToProps() function is used to specify which parts of

the Redux state should be passed to a connected component as
props. It allows the component to access the required state data.

23. What is the role of the mapDispatchToProps() function in

Redux?

The mapDispatchToProps() function is used to specify which

actions should be available in a connected component as props.
It allows the component to dispatch the required actions.

24. What is Redux Thunk?

Redux Thunk is a middleware for Redux that allows you to write

asynchronous logic using functions called "thunks." Thunks are
functions that can be dispatched and can contain asynchronous
API calls and other side effects.

25. What is the purpose of the render() method in React.js?

The render() method is responsible for rendering JSX elements to

the DOM. It is called whenever the state or props of a component
change.

26. What is the significance of the key attribute in React.js?

The key attribute is used in React.js to give a unique identity to

each element in an array of elements. It helps React efficiently
update and reorder the elements when the array changes.

27. Explain the concept of "unidirectional data flow" in React.js.

Unidirectional data flow is a pattern followed in React.js where

the data flows in a single direction, from parent components to
child components. It helps maintain a predictable and
manageable state throughout the application.

28. What are React Fragments?

React Fragments allow you to group multiple elements without

adding extra nodes to the DOM. They are useful when you need to
return multiple elements from a component's render method
without wrapping them in a parent element.
29. What is the purpose of the dangerouslySetInnerHTML property
in React.js?
The dangerouslySetInnerHTML property is used to insert raw
HTML content into a React component. It is often used when you
need to render HTML content received from an external source,
but it should be used with caution to avoid security
vulnerabilities.

30. What are React hooks rules or guidelines?

Some key rules and guidelines for using React hooks include:
Hooks should only be used in functional components, not in
regular JavaScript functions or class components.
Hooks should always be called at the top level of a
component, not inside loops, conditions, or nested functions.
Hooks should be called in the same order in every render cycle
to ensure consistency.

31. How can you optimize performance in React.js?

Some techniques to optimize performance in React.js include:

Using React's built-in shouldComponentUpdate or
PureComponent to avoid unnecessary re-renders.
Implementing code splitting and lazy loading to load
components only when needed.
Using React.memo to memoize functional components.
Properly utilizing keys when rendering lists of elements.
Minimizing the use of inline function declarations in
component props.

32. What is the purpose of the useContext() hook in React.js?

The useContext() hook is used to consume values from a React

context. It allows functional components to access the value
provided by a context without wrapping the component in a
context consumer.

33. What is the purpose of the React.memo() function?

The React.memo() function is a higher-order component used to

memoize functional components. It prevents unnecessary re-
renders by caching the result of a component's render and
reusing it when the component's props have not changed.
34. What is the concept of code splitting in React.js?

Code splitting is a technique used to split a large JavaScript

bundle into smaller chunks that can be loaded on-demand. It
helps reduce the initial loading time of an application by only
loading the code that is needed for the current page or feature.

35. How can you handle forms in React.js?

The useEffect() hook is commonly used for handling side effects

in React.js. It allows you to perform actions such as data fetching,
subscriptions, or manually updating the DOM after the
component has rendered.

36. What is the purpose of the useCallback() hook in React.js?

The useCallback() hook is used to memoize a function and

prevent unnecessary re-creation of the function on each render. It
is particularly useful when passing callbacks to child
components, as it ensures that the callbacks are not re-created
unless their dependencies change.

37. How can you optimize the performance of React.js applications

for mobile devices?

To optimize the performance of React.js applications for mobile

devices, you can:
Use the React.lazy() function and code splitting to load
components on demand.
Implement responsive design techniques to ensure the UI
adapts to different screen sizes.
Optimize images and other media assets for mobile devices.
Minimize network requests and reduce the size of JavaScript
bundles.
Use performance analysis tools like Lighthouse to identify and
resolve bottlenecks.

38. What is the purpose of the forwardRef() function in React.js?

The forwardRef() function is used to forward a ref from a parent

component to a child component. It allows the child component
to access and interact with a DOM element or a React component
created by the parent.
39. What is the role of the React.Fragment component?

The React.Fragment component is an alternative to using empty

tags (<>...</>) when you need to render multiple elements without
a wrapping parent element. It allows you to avoid adding extra
nodes to the DOM.

40. What is the purpose of the useMemo() hook in React.js?

The useMemo() hook is used to memoize a value and prevent

unnecessary re-computation. It takes a function and a
dependency array and returns a memoized value that is only
recalculated when the dependencies change.

41. What are the advantages of using React.js for building web
applications?

Advantages of using React.js include:

Efficient rendering using the Virtual DOM.
Component-based architecture for reusability and
maintainability.
A large and active community with plenty of resources and
libraries.
Support for server-side rendering (SSR) for better performance
and SEO.
Easy integration with other libraries and frameworks.

42. What are the limitations of React.js?

Some limitations of React.js include:

Steeper learning curve for beginners.
Lack of clear guidelines for project structure and architecture.
Performance concerns with large and complex applications.
Limited built-in support for internationalization (i18n) and
accessibility (a11y).
React.js is focused on the view layer, so you need additional
libraries for routing, state management, and other
functionalities.

43. What is the purpose of the React.StrictMode component?

The React.StrictMode component is used to enable strict mode

for React.js. It performs additional runtime checks and warnings
to help identify potential problems in the application. It is mainly
used during development and is not meant for production.
44. How can you handle errors in React.js?

In React.js, you can handle errors using error boundaries. Error

boundaries are React components that catch JavaScript errors
anywhere in their child component tree and display fallback UI
instead of crashing the entire application.

45. What is the purpose of the useRef() hook in React.js?

The useRef() hook is used to create a mutable reference that

persists across re-renders of a component. It is commonly used to
access and modify DOM elements, store mutable values, or create
a reference to a child component.

46. What is React Context and when should you use it?

In class components, side effects can be handled using lifecycle

methods such as componentDidMount(), componentDidUpdate(),
and componentWillUnmount(). These methods provide hooks to
perform actions like data fetching, subscriptions, or cleaning up
resources.

47. What is the purpose of React DevTools?

React DevTools is a browser extension that allows developers to

inspect, debug, and profile React components and their state. It
provides a visual representation of the component tree, along
with the ability to view and manipulate component props and
state.

48. What are the differences between a controlled component and

an uncontrolled component in React.js forms?

In a controlled component, the form data is controlled by React

state. Any changes to the input fields are handled by updating
the state, and the value of the input fields is set based on the
state. In contrast, an uncontrolled component allows the form
data to be handled by the DOM, without directly involving React
state.
49. What is the purpose of React portals?

React portals provide a way to render children components into a

different DOM node outside the parent component's hierarchy.
This allows components to be rendered at a different location in
the DOM tree, which is useful for scenarios like modal dialogs or
tooltips.

50. What is the concept of reconciliation in React.js?

Reconciliation is the process through which React updates the

user interface to reflect changes in component state or props.
React compares the previous and current Virtual DOM
representations and calculates the minimal changes required to
update the actual DOM, resulting in optimal rendering
performance.

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